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Abstract: Designing multifunctional landscapes requires accurate indicators to assess the effect of landscape structure on the provision on ecosystem services. Biological pest control relying on natural enemies is an important ecosystem service considered as a sustainable alternative to chemical control. The aim of this study was to measure and compare the accuracy of landscape indicators computed at various spatial scales to predict pollen beetle infestations and successful biological control in northwestern France. The sensitivity, specificity, and probability of correctly ranking fields were estimated for each indicator based on a survey of 42 fields using the receiver operating characteristic procedure. For pest infestation, the proportion of woodland and the proportion of semi-natural habitats were found to be informative indicators with good discriminatory abilities. For biological control, the proportion of woodland, the proportion of semi-natural habitats and the proportion of the previous year''s oilseed rape fields with reduced soil tillage were found to be informative indicators with good discriminatory abilities. By using indicator values and optimal thresholds we were able to compute maps of areas at risk for pest infestation and those displaying successful biological control at the regional scale. This study provides tools that could help extension services, landscape planners, and policy makers in optimizing landscape structure according to the provision of a key ecosystem service. The results of this study also provide new grounds for understanding trophic interactions at the regional scale as well as the ambivalent effect of landscape complexity on pest and natural enemy populations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article discusses research investigating the effect of the application of urban waste compost on soil near-saturated hydraulic conductivity. According to researchers, the application of compost tends to increase soil fertility and likely has a modifying effect on soil hydrodynamic properties by acting on soil structural porosity. They conducted an experiment in which two composts, including a municipal solid waste (MSW) compost and a co-compost consisting of green wastes and sewage sludge (SGW), was applied every other year for six years to cultivated plots which were located on a silt loam soil in the Paris Basin in France. Results of the effect of compost application on the near-saturated soil hydraulic conductivity, using infiltration rates measurements, are discussed.

Introduction: Training on laparoscopic box trainer (BT) improves surgical skills in the operating room (OR). Despite a large consensus on the educational value of the BT, its use is currently left up to local initiatives among French residency programs. This study evaluated the impact of a requirement to complete the Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery (FLS) curriculum before starting companionship in the OR., Methods: This was a "Before and After" study conducted in two French academic hospitals in 2015-2017. Gynaecology and urology residents were given open access to a FLS BT during a six-month surgical rotation. Residents in the first group (Before group) trained on the BT while receiving classic companionship. Residents in the second group (After group) had to complete the FLS curriculum before they were allowed to participate in laparoscopic procedures as a primary operator. Outcomes measures were the time to curriculum completion and the intracorporeal suturing performances based on two validated assessment tools (FLS and GOALS scores)., Results: Twenty-one surgical residents were included. All but two residents in the Before group completed the curriculum. The time to curriculum completion was longer in the Before group than the After group (69.5 days versus 28 days, P=0.001). Post-curriculum performances were lower in the Before group than in the After group for the FLS scores (452.5 versus 496, P=0.01) and the GOALS scores (14.5 versus 18, P=0.01)., Discussion: The mandatory completion of a BT curriculum prior to receiving active companionship in the OR is beneficial to residents in reducing time to curriculum completion and in enhancing laparoscopic skills on the BT., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: To evaluate the factors influencing the operative duration of ovarian cystectomy by single-port access (SPA)., Materials and Methods: Observational monocentric study from June 2010 to September 2012. Inclusive patients were patients with an indication of ovarian cystectomy may be done by laparoscopy. The procedures were performed by the SPA system LESS®. Factors evaluated were BMI of the patient, histological nature and size of the cyst., Results: We performed 54 cystectomy in 49 patients. SPA surgery was successfully completed in 53 patients. The median operative time was statistically longer for endometriotic cysts than dermoid cysts or serous-mucinous cysts (P=0.003). Cases exceeding 60minutes were significantly higher in the endometriosis group (P=0.005). There wasn't correlation found between the BMI of the patient and operative time (P=0.5). The operating time wasn't increased according to the size of the cyst (P=0.9)., Conclusion: Endometriotic cysts nature appears to be the only limiting factor of cystectomy by SPA. Further studies are needed to evaluate the factors that may limit the SPA actions., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Office hysteroscopy may be performed without anaesthesia. Endometrial biopsy can be performed during hysteroscopy. Antalgics or other treatment to reduce discomfort are not indicated. Prophylactic antibiotics are not indicated. Diagnostic value of hysteroscopy for endometrial pathology is interesting. Pipelle is the most appropriate instrument for endometrial biopsy.

Objective: To evaluate results of sacrospinous ligament fixation in the treatment of posthysterectomy prolapse., Patients and Methods: Between September 1990 and September 2002, 92 women (mean age 64.8 years, range 45 to 92 years) underwent sacrospinous ligament fixation following total hysterectomy (82.6%) or subtotal hysterectomy (17.4%); 96.7% had a menopausal status, and 21.7% used hormone replacement therapy. 48.9% of the patients had a history of surgery for prolapse (and/or urinary incontinence), and 21.7% had associated symptoms of stress urinary incontinence. In all cases, sacrospinous ligament fixation was performed under visual control using conventional stitch. Sacrospinous ligament fixation was combined with the following procedures: anterior vaginal repair (n=31), additional incontinence surgery (n=11), cervical amputation (n=11), levator myorrhaphy (n=61). Main outcome measures were intraoperative complications, postoperative complications, anatomic and functional outcome., Results: Complications were represented by 1 vaginal hematoma (related to sacrospinous fixation), 1 bladder injury, 1 ureteral injury, 3 acute urinary retentions. With a mean follow-up of 47 months (range: 12-156), 12 patients (13.5%) had failure of sacrospinous ligament fixation and 9 required additional procedures, during the first year of follow-up. 14 patients (15.7%) had postoperative cystocele, with 1 case of third-degree cystocele treated with sub-bladder prosthesis by the vaginal route., Conclusion: We noted low rates of major complications and sacrospinous ligament fixation in posthysterectomy prolapse appears to give satisfactory long-term results.

Objectives: To evaluate the importance of thrombocytopenia in the management of HELLP syndrome (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelet count)., Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included all patients with HELLP syndrome treated in the three departments of the Pellegrin Maternity Hospital in Bordeaux, between January 1993 and December 2001. One hundred and four patients were included and were divided into two groups according to the severity of thrombopenia: group 1 (platelet count<50000/mm(3)) and group 2 (50000