120 results on '"Estola, Eila"'
Search Results
2. Well-being narratives and young children
- Author
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Estola, Eila, Farquhar, Sandy, and Puroila, Anna-Maija
- Published
- 2014
3. Using Artefacts in Narrative Pedagogies: A Case from Beginning Teachers' Peer Group Meetings
- Author
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Uitto, Minna, Lassila, Erkki T., Jokikokko, Katri, Kelchtermans, Geert, and Estola, Eila
- Abstract
Artefacts can evoke stories. This article explores the use of artefacts in narrative pedagogies in the context of teachers' professional development during the induction phase. The research question is: What kind of stories about beginning teachers' work does the use of artefacts in narrative pedagogies evoke? The article is based on two peer group meetings in which nine Finnish teachers working in day care centres and primary schools participated. The findings illustrate how the use of artefacts offers an entrance into teachers' daily routines, relationships and practices as well as how artefacts can become important actors in teachers' classrooms. This article contributes to the emerging literature on the meaning of artefacts in educational practices and beginning teachers' professional development. Additionally, the article contributes to the still not fully recognised potential that artefacts can have in narrative pedagogies in pre-service and in-service teacher education.
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- 2023
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4. Moral Imagination in Student Teachers' Written Stories on an Ethical Dilemma
- Author
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Hyry-Beihammer, Eeva Kaisa, Lassila, Erkki T., Estola, Eila, and Uitto, Minna
- Abstract
This article explores how student teachers use moral imagination when writing about an ethical dilemma. Moral imagination refers to the ability to consider a situation from a distance and to understand different perspectives through imagination. An ethical dilemma was presented in the form of a framing story, which the participating Austrian and Finnish student teachers continued writing as they chose. Through positioning and narrative analyses, we uncovered how the students' moral imagination on the ethical dilemma centred on one or more of the following foci: (1) the pupil; (2) themselves as teachers; or (3) other actors. This moral imagination manifested through different storylines. The implications of these results and the relevance of the method for teacher education are discussed.
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- 2022
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5. Coping with Emotionally Challenging Expectations: Japanese Beginning Teachers and Their Relationships with Students' Parents'
- Author
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Lassila, Erkki T., Estola, Eila, Kelchtermans, Geert, and Uitto, Minna
- Abstract
This article examines emotionally challenging expectations in the relationships beginning teachers have with students' parents. The data consist of narrative interviews with 17 Japanese beginning teachers. Due to strong cultural and social norms prescribing appropriate social interactions, Japanese teachers have little leeway in negotiating parents' expectations. We found that beginning teachers described facing three emotionally challenging expectations in their relationships with students' parents: 1) they do not fully understand what is expected of them; 2) they are expected to turn to colleagues for help with difficult issues involving parents; and 3) they are expected to endure and learn from criticism. To cope with these emotionally challenging expectations, beginning teachers perform emotional labour. The article presents a wider understanding of teachers' work as a relational practice and offers insights that can be used to move beyond the discourse that frames beginning teachers from a 'deficit' perspective.
- Published
- 2021
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6. Parent-Teacher Relationships in School Micropolitics: Beginning Teachers' Stories
- Author
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Uitto, Minna, Jokikokko, Katri, Lassila, Erkki T., Kelchtermans, Geert, and Estola, Eila
- Abstract
The article discusses parent-teacher relationships in school micropolitics based on beginning teachers' stories. We employ a narrative approach and investigate how micropolitical conditions and strategies are portrayed in beginning teachers' stories of parent-teacher relationships. The research material consists of narrative interviews with seven Finnish primary school teachers in the first and second years of their careers. The findings indicate that micropolitical processes play a part in constructing parent-teacher relationships. These micropolitics both enable and limit these relationships and influence how beginning teachers learn to cope with parent relationships. The findings reveal various micropolitical strategies that beginning teachers use to enact and construct parent-teacher relationships. Furthermore, the findings show that parent-teacher relationships do not necessarily include just parents and teachers, but are multidimensional, encompassing several intertwined relationships that micropolitically condition parent-teacher relationships. The implications for pre- and in-service teacher education and school leaders are considered.
- Published
- 2021
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7. Getting to Places: The Ethics of Research and Fieldwork in Villages--First Visits
- Author
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Rautio, Pauliina, Estola, Eila, Kontio-Logje, Marikaisa, Lanas, Maija, Tiilikka, Aila, and Syrjala, Leena
- Abstract
This is a paper about the micro scale of research ethics; specifically the ethics of a multidisciplinary narrative inquiry in two Northern Finnish villages by a large group of researchers. The issues faced with in such an inquiry are approached and introduced here as a collection of individual and shared thoughts, memories, open questions, stories of experiences and quotes from field notes by the researchers--in this case, all educational scientists. Researcher's ability to be empathetic, non-judgemental, caring, patient and emotionally responsive are implicit but crucial factors in the formation of the relationship between her and her participants. No oral or written agreement or information will guarantee trust. These might, in fact, lead to exactly the opposite. Having said all of this, the writers suggest that researchers also be caring towards theirselves. Donald W. Winnicott speaks consolingly about mothers not having to be perfect but just "good enough". When we are good enough researchers, we do our work with the best of intentions and the best of our abilities but with a humble and thus ethical attitude of always assuming there is something we have forgotten or not thought about. In the lack of categorical rules or even guidelines, the writers come up with the idea of girliness as an ethical attitude that is needed within this micro scale of research ethics. The stepping down from high horses of academia and daring to wonder about small things, daring to experience, enduring the emotions of littleness.
- Published
- 2007
8. Whose Reform: Teachers' Voices from Silence.
- Author
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Estola, Eila and Syrjala, Leena
- Abstract
Finnish teachers were asked to describe school reform and changes in the classroom and to discuss how they translated the moral language of administration into their own language as teachers. The study focused on a comprehensive school reform intended to enhance educational quality in a welfare state by providing all children equal opportunities for social progress regardless of socioeconomic status. The reform involved developing a comprehensive 9-year elementary school system. This reform included a service-providing school with alternative options available to students and without remedial instruction. Analysis of previous research and of teachers' narratives about the school reform indicated that teachers believed that while the goal of equality in the new system was good, the change might have been achieved by developing the old system. Teachers believed that administrators left them without support to tackle the problems of daily school life under the reform. Teachers felt that despite the lack of realism in public rhetoric about change, the reform ultimately gave them more freedom and encouraged them to examine topics that had not been discussed before. However, the researchers concluded that the voices of teachers are not heard in the official discourse of school reform. (Contains 31 references.) (SM)
- Published
- 2001
9. Storied Emotional Distances in the Relationships between Beginning Teachers and School Principals
- Author
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Lassila, Erkki T., Timonen, Virpi, Uitto, Minna, and Estola, Eila
- Abstract
Recent research has acknowledged the importance of the relationships of school principals with beginning teachers. However, little is known about how emotions inform these relationships from the beginning teacher's side. Applying the concept of emotional geographies, this paper explores the kinds of storied emotional distances that appear in the relationships between beginning teachers and their principals. Based on interviews with beginning Japanese teachers, the results indicate that such relationships may be: (1) very direct and personal; (2) acted out indirectly by the principal as personal facilitator "behind the scenes" or as public gatekeeper; or (3) mediated by the teacher community. The analysis reveals beginning teachers' personal experiences of these relationships, as well as how such relationships are influenced by organisational and cultural context. Although principals are described as distant figures within the school organisation, they are seen to play an important role in facilitating beginning teachers' work by connecting with them at a personal level and providing good working conditions by influencing the emotional atmosphere of the teacher community or by sheltering them from parental pressure.
- Published
- 2017
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10. The Challenges to Discussing Emotionally Loaded Stories in Finnish Teacher Education
- Author
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Lassila, Erkki T., Jokikokko, Katri, Uitto, Minna, and Estola, Eila
- Abstract
It has been increasingly acknowledged that emotions are a significant dimension in teachers' work and professional development, and an inseparable part of reflection promoted in the research-based teacher education. However, at the same time the difficulty of prompting student-teachers to reflect on their emotions in teacher education has been recognised. This article focuses on this difficulty by examining how emotionally loaded stories about teachers' work were dealt with by soon-to-graduate Finnish student-teachers attending peer group mentoring sessions. We illustrate this group-level phenomenon (the challenge of discussing emotionally loaded stories) through the examples provided by one of the participants, Hannele (pseudonym). Our results revealed that emotionally loaded stories in this peer group were often responded to with laughter and humour or via masking or silencing. Participants seemed to avoid deeper emotional reflection on uncertainty related to oneself and to the teaching profession, therefore maintaining an image of a proper (student) teacher. Our results have implications for both peer group mentoring and pre-service teacher education.
- Published
- 2017
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11. A beginning teacher in emotionally intensive micropolitical situations
- Author
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Jokikokko, Katri, Uitto, Minna, Deketelaere, Ann, and Estola, Eila
- Published
- 2017
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12. Interpreting Values in the Daily Practices of Nordic Preschools: A Cross-Cultural Analysis
- Author
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Puroila, Anna-Maija, Johansson, Eva, Estola, Eila, Emilson, Anette, Einarsdóttir, Johanna, and Broström, Stig
- Abstract
This study explored how practitioners interpreted educational practices from the perspective of values in Nordic preschools. Drawing data from group interviews in five Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden), practitioners reflected on an observational episode about children dressing for outdoor play in a Swedish preschool. The research material consisted of extracts from group interviews in ten preschools (two from each Nordic country). The research questions included: How do values emerge in practitioners' interpretations? What is the interpretive process like, especially in the context of cross-cultural research? The research material was analysed nationally and cross-nationally. Using Gadamer's concept of horizons, the study examined how practitioners made sense of the dressing episode, including the horizons of the text that attracted the practitioners' attention and the co-construction of interpretations in the group dialogues. The practitioners employed indirect means more often than direct means to express their values. The group interviews contained themes that were connected to caring, disciplinary, competence and democratic values. The study provided evidence that practitioners shared some core pedagogical ideas and values across Nordic preschools. Differences were apparent between individual practitioners and preschools rather than between the Nordic countries.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
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13. Peer group as a meeting place: Reconstructions of teachers’ self-understanding and the presence of vulnerability
- Author
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Uitto, Minna, Kaunisto, Saara-Leena, Kelchtermans, Geert, and Estola, Eila
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
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14. Silenced Truths: Relational and Emotional Dimensions of a Beginning Teacher's Identity as Part of the Micropolitical Context of School
- Author
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Uitto, Minna, Kaunisto, Saara-Leena, Syrjälä, Leena, and Estola, Eila
- Abstract
This article focuses on teacher identity. Based on two small stories told in a peer group by a beginning teacher, we ask: How does a beginning teacher tell about her identity as part of the micropolitical context of school? Theoretically and methodologically, the research is committed to a narrative approach in understanding teacher identity. The material consists of small stories based on videotaped peer group discussions of 11 Finnish teachers. The results of the research illustrate the micropolitical context at the heart of how a beginning teacher's identity is constructed through diverse emotionally significant relationships. Narrative ways of working, such as group discussions, can offer teachers an opportunity to recognize different dimensions of their identity.
- Published
- 2015
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15. Armchair pedagogy
- Author
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Puroila, Anna-Maija, primary, Estola, Eila, additional, Juutinen, Jaana, additional, and Viljamaa, Elina, additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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16. Virtual special issue on teachers and emotions in Teaching and teacher education (TATE) in 1985–2014
- Author
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Uitto, Minna, Jokikokko, Katri, and Estola, Eila
- Published
- 2015
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17. Not Babies Anymore: Young Children's Narrative Identities in Finnish Day Care Centers
- Author
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Puroila, Anna-Maija and Estola, Eila
- Abstract
With the aim of deepening understanding of young children's identity construction, the study explores small stories produced in a Finnish day care center context. Small stories are understood as identity-constituting social practices that occur and recur in day care settings. Taking ideas on narrative ethnography as starting point, research material was collected by participating in the everyday life of children, as well as observing and listening to children. This paper draws on small stories, co-constructed over the course of 6 months in Violets, a group of children ranging between 1 and 3 years old. The findings of the study illustrate the dynamic and multiple nature of children's narrative identities. Identity construction emerges as a process involving age, social status, emotions, peer relationships, and gender. In this paper, we reflect on our findings by retelling the story of one child, Joni. The study highlights pedagogical practices, the material environment, and the quality of interactions as important elements of children's identity construction. It calls for critical reflection on how children's sense of who they are is supported in the pedagogical practices of day care centers.
- Published
- 2014
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18. Does Santa Exist? Children's Everyday Narratives as Dynamic Meeting Places in a Day Care Centre Context
- Author
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Puroila, Anna-Maija, Estola, Eila, and Syrjala, Leena
- Abstract
The article attempts to answer the question: What is the nature of children's everyday narratives in a day care centre context? The theoretical framework of this study is based on a narrative approach. The research material was gathered through applying the methodology of narrative ethnography. The article is based on observational material collected from three groups of children within day care centres over the course of one year. The material was analysed through dialogic analysis of narratives. For the purpose of the article, one narrative is used as an evocative anecdote to illustrate research findings revealing the emerging nature of children's narratives characterised by fragmentariness, multimodality, collaboration and a complex relationship between narrative and context. The article challenges the predominant formalist discourse on children's narratives, and suggests utilising the pedagogical potential of young children's narratives in the day care centre context.
- Published
- 2012
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19. Having, Loving, and Being: Children's Narrated Well-Being in Finnish Day Care Centres
- Author
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Puroila, Anna-Maija, Estola, Eila, and Syrjala, Leena
- Abstract
The aim of this study is to answer the following question: what do children tell about their well-being in Finnish day care centres? The theoretical and methodological framework of this study is based on a narrative approach. The research material was collected by participating in the everyday life of three groups of children and listening to their narratives. The research material, consisting of observations and tape-recorded conversations, is reflected in a model of well-being developed by a Finnish sociologist, Erik Allardt. This model consists of three dimensions: having, loving, and being. With the intention of understanding children's well-being, the meanings of having, loving, and being are explored. Instead of arguing for one objective truth, this study offers diverse narratives, conveying both positive and negative experiences of children's well-being. The most positive experiences deal with inspiring and enabling material environment, responsive adults, good friends, and opportunities for meaningful activities. Darker shades permeate the narratives characterised by unyielding institutional structures, children's separateness from adults, the exclusion from peer relationships, and not being respected as a subject. This study demonstrates both potentials and limitations involved in narrative methodology when exploring young children's experienced well-being. (Contains 2 tables and 1 note.)
- Published
- 2012
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20. Gender and Emotions in Relationships: A Group of Teachers Recalling Their Own Teachers
- Author
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Uitto, Minna and Estola, Eila
- Abstract
This narrative inquiry analyses the memories of a group of female teachers telling about their own teachers. We ask how gender and emotions are intertwined to teacher-student relationships. Gender was present in the stories where the teachers described being a schoolgirl in relationship with a teacher and told about their teachers as women and men. The collective process of recalling evoked the emotions experienced as students, but these emotions were also interpreted in the present context. When recalling, the teachers were reconstructing the past in the light of the present and the future. The article highlights the significance for teachers reflecting on their own educational histories. (Contains 6 notes.)
- Published
- 2009
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21. The Gift Paradigm in Early Childhood Education
- Author
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Vaughan, Genevieve and Estola, Eila
- Abstract
This paper promotes a philosophy derived from the direct distribution of goods to needs that occur in mothering and invisibly in many other aspects of life. Such a philosophy is suggested as an alternative to market based values, which currently permeate society. It is important to bring alternative values to consciousness and validate them for both teachers and children so that the orientation towards the other that characterizes the gift paradigm will not be lost in the fight for survival endemic to a market society. The hope is that we can find solutions that are viable for all. After presenting this philosophy, we show how it already exists among educators and children, and we suggest ways in which it may be validated and promoted in early childhood education.
- Published
- 2007
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22. Teaching Bodies at Work
- Author
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Estola, Eila and Elbaz-Luwisch, Freema
- Abstract
In this article we take a close look at teachers' narratives in order to describe the practice of teaching as an embodied activity. Based on the phenomenological understanding of the body as an active and intentional reaching out from its physical existence, we listened to what Finnish and Israeli teachers' narratives tell us about the voices of the bodies and bodily positions in classrooms and schools. In addition we reflected on our own experiences of the embodied practices of teaching in academia and studying teaching. We describe teaching from the perspectives of the "presence"--of everyday teaching as embodied physical labour, of attractive and unattractive bodies, and of controlling bodies. The notion of body position is used as a metaphor for thinking about the holistic nature of teachers' work and education as an embodied activity. We found five bodily positions which connect the physical, cultural, and personal contexts of teaching bodies: presence; control; love and care; listening to oneself; and the position of protection. Although teachers know how important the different bodily positions are, this knowing is implicit and hidden. Attention to the body is a challenge. How do researchers find new epistemological commitments and methods to talk about bodies in education? (Contains 6 notes.)
- Published
- 2003
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23. Hope as Work--Student Teachers Constructing Their Narrative Identities.
- Author
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Estola, Eila
- Abstract
Examined how student teachers constructed their teacher identities by using autobiographical stories. Analysis of 35 student teacher essays shows that autobiographical studies are a powerful tool in making the moral dimensions of teachers' identities visible. (SLD)
- Published
- 2003
24. Narrative Pedagogies for Peer Groups
- Author
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Estola, Eila, primary, Heikkinen, Hannu L. T., additional, and Syrjälä, Leena, additional
- Published
- 2014
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25. Chapter 8 Narrative Research: From the Margins to Being Heard
- Author
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Syrjälä, Leena, primary and Estola, Eila, additional
- Published
- 2013
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26. Using Artefacts in Narrative Pedagogies: a case from beginning teachers’ peer group meetings
- Author
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Uitto, Minna, primary, Lassila, Erkki T., additional, Jokikokko, Katri, additional, Kelchtermans, Geert, additional, and Estola, Eila, additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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27. Parent–teacher relationships in school micropolitics: beginning teachers’ stories
- Author
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Uitto, Minna, primary, Jokikokko, Katri, additional, Lassila, Erkki T., additional, Kelchtermans, Geert, additional, and Estola, Eila, additional
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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28. Moral imagination in student teachers’ written stories on an ethical dilemma
- Author
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Hyry-Beihammer, Eeva Kaisa, primary, Lassila, Erkki T., additional, Estola, Eila, additional, and Uitto, Minna, additional
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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29. Patjakasan kutsu – yhteen tulemisia ja erilleen vetäytymisiä päiväkodissa
- Author
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Viljamaa, Elina, Estola, Eila, Juutinen, Jaana, and Puroila, Anna-Maija
- Subjects
yhteenkuuluvuus ,children ,Merleau-Ponty ,Vertaisarvioidut artikkelit ,päiväkoti ,belonging ,day care centre ,ruumiillisuus ,lapset ,embodiment - Abstract
Artikkelissa tarkastellaan yhteenkuuluvuutta (belonging) päiväkodin ohikiitävässä hetkessä. Yhteenkuuluvuuden ymmärretään toteutuvan varhaiskasvatuksessa monimutkaisessa rakennelmassa, johon kuuluvat ihmiset, paikat, toiminta ja sen tarkoitukset (Stratigos, 2015). Aineistona on videotallenne, joka on kuvattu päiväkodin käytävässä patjakasan luona. Millaisia yhteen ja erilleen suuntautumisia tuossa hetkessä syntyy lasten, aikuisten, patjojen ja muun materiaalisen ympäristön kesken? Tutkimuksemme inspiroijina ovat filosofi Maurice Merleau-Pontyn ajatukset sekä posthumanistinen ja uusmaterialistinen tutkimusorientaatio. Yhteenkuuluvuus näyttäytyy tutkimuksessamme jatkuvana liikkeenä. Ihmiset, tilat, materiaalit, esineet, rakenteet ja toiminnat eivät ole staattisia, vaan niiden välillä tapahtuu liikahduksia toisiaan kohti ja toisista poispäin., This article focuses on belonging at a fleeting moment in a day care centre. Belonging is understood as a phenomenon that is realized in a complex structure, consisting of people, places, actions and their purposes (Stratigos, 2015). In the forefront of the article, there is a video-recorded situation, occurring around a heap of mattresses in a corridor. What kinds of becoming together and apart are created in the relations between the children, the researcher who is filming, the mattresses, and other material environment at that moment? Our study is inspired by the philosopher Maurice Merleau-Ponty's ideas as well as the post-human and new materialist research orientations. In the study, belonging appears as a constant movement. People, spaces, materials, items, structures, and actions are not static, but rather there are small flickers towards and away from each other.
- Published
- 2017
30. Kosketus päiväkodin kasvattajien kertomuksissa
- Author
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Keränen, Virve, Juutinen, Jaana, and Estola, Eila
- Subjects
kosketus ,varhaiskasvatus ,touch ,early childhood education ,ammatillisuus ,Vertaisarvioidut artikkelit ,ruumiillisuus ,professionalism ,embodiment - Abstract
Artikkelissa tarkastelemme kasvattajien kertomuksia kosketuksesta ammatillisessa varhaiskasvatuksessa. Kosketus on osa kasvatustyön ruumiillisuutta, johon kietoutuvat kasvattajien henkilökohtaiset kokemukset ja kulttuuriset tavat koskea ja tulla kosketetuksi. Tutkimuksemme innoittajana on toiminut filosofi Maurice Merleau-Pontyn ruumiillisuuden filosofia. Aineiston muodostavat kaksi päiväkodin kasvattajien kanssa käytyä kerronnallista ryhmäkeskustelua. Ensimmäisessä ryhmäkeskustelussa keskustelun virittäjinä toimivat kasvattajien päiväkotiarjesta kuvatut videoepisodit kasvattajan ja lapsen välisistä kosketushetkistä. Toiseen ryhmäkeskusteluun osallistuivat samat kolme kasvattajaa. Ryhmäkeskustelut osoittautuivat merkittäväksi ammatillisten kosketuskäytänteiden reflektoinnin keinoksi. Ryhmäkeskusteluissa korostuivat kosketuksen tiedostamaton luonne, lapsen ja kasvattajan henkilökohtaiset rajat kosketukselle, lapsi koskettavana ja kosketettavana sekä osallistava kosketus osana pedagogiikkaa. Tutkimuksemme osoittaa, että tulemalla tietoiseksi omista ja toisten tavoista koskettaa, kosketuksen merkitys kasvatussuhteessa syventyy ja siitä voi tulla osa ammatillisen varhaiskasvatuksen pedagogiikkaa., This article focuses on the stories that practitioners tell about the touch in the context of professional early childhood education. Touch is a part of educational em-bodied practice to which personal experiences and cultural aspects intertwine. Our research is inspired by philosophy Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s philosophy of embodiment. Research data consists of two narrative group interviews. In the first group interview as a tuner of the discussion worked the video episodes’ which were filmed in practitioners’ everyday life in the day care center. These video episodes showed the moments where the practitioner and a child touched each other. In the second group interview participated the same three practitioners as in the first one. In the narrative group interviews the practitioners told and re-told their own experiences about the touch. This proved to be significant way to reflect one’s own professional habits to touch. In the group interviews the practitioners emphasized the unconscious character of the touch, the child’s and the practitioner’s personal boundaries to the touch, the child as a touching and being touched and participating touch as a part of the pedagogy. Our research shows that becoming aware of one’s own ways to touch, the meaning of the touch in educational relationships deepens and it can be part of pedagogy in professional early childhood education.
- Published
- 2017
31. You’re damned if you do and damned if you don’t: the tension-filled relationships between Japanese beginning and senior teachers
- Author
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Lassila, Erkki T., primary, Uitto, Minna, additional, and Estola, Eila, additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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32. Lapsen hyvä elämä? Päiväkotiarjen pienten kertomusten äärellä
- Author
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Puroila, Anna-Maija and Estola, Eila
- Subjects
lasten hyvinvointi ,narrative approach ,children’s well‐being ,small stories ,pienet kertomukset ,päiväkoti ,Vertaisarvioidut artikkelit ,day care centre ,kerronnallinen lähestymistapa - Abstract
Artikkeli kohdistuu lasten hyvinvointiin päiväkotikontekstissa. Ymmärrämme hyvinvoinnin lasten arjessa sosiaalisesti rakentuvina kertomuksina. Olemme kiinnostuneita sekä kerronnan prosessista että kertomusten sisällöistä: Miten lapset kertovat hyvinvoinnistaan? Mitä lapset kertovat hyvinvoinnistaan? Tutkimusaineistoa koottiin kolmessa päiväkotiryhmässä, joissa lapset olivat iältään 1-7 ‐vuotiaita. Osallistuimme lasten päiväkotiarkeen, kuuntelimme heidän kertomuksiaan ja tuotimme yhdessä lasten ja aikuisten kanssa monimuotoista aineistoa. Kerronnan prosessiin kohdistuva analyysi osoittaa lasten kerronnan kokonaisvaltaisuuden, kehollisuuden ja monikanavaisuuden. Kertomusten sisältöjä tarkastellaan kolmesta näkökulmasta: 1) omistaminen ja aineelliset resurssit, 2) sosiaaliset suhteet sekä 3) osallistuminen ja itsensä toteuttaminen. Lopuksi arvioimme tutkimuksen tieteellistä laatua ja peilaamme tutkimuksen tuloksia filosofian piirissä käytyyn keskusteluun hyvästä elämästä., The article focuses on children’s well-being in Finnish day care centres. We conceptualize well-being as socially constructed stories in children’s everyday life. We are interested in the processes of narrating and the contents of the stories: How do children tell about their well-being? What do children tell about their well-being? The research material was collected in three groups of children ranging from one to seven years old. We participated in the everyday life of children, listened to their stories, and co-constructed diverse research material together with children and adults. The analysis of the children’s narrating processes reveals their holistic, embodied, and multimodal nature. The contents of the stories are analysed from three perspectives: 1) possession and material resources, 2) social relationships, and 3) participation and the ability to fulfil oneself. Finally, we evaluate the scientific quality of our research and reflect the research findings with the philosophical discussions about good life.
- Published
- 2012
33. Interpreting values in the daily practices of Nordic preschools:a cross-cultural analysis
- Author
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Broström, Stig, Anna-Maija, Puriola, Johannesson, Eva Marianne, Estola, Eila, Emilson, Anette, and Einarsdóttir, Johanna
- Subjects
cross-cltural perspectives ,Nordic countries ,pedagogical practices ,Hverdagsliv ,values education ,Dagtilbud ,Preschool ,Internationale komparative undersøgelser - Abstract
This study explored how practitioners interpreted educational practicesfrom the perspective of values in Nordic preschools. Drawing data from groupinterviews in five Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway andSweden), practitioners reflected on an observational episode about children dressingfor outdoor play in a Swedish preschool. The research material consisted of extractsfrom group interviews in ten preschools (two from each Nordic country). Theresearch questions included: How do values emerge in practitioners’ interpretations?What is the interpretive process like, especially in the context of crossculturalresearch? The research material was analysed nationally and cross-nationally.Using Gadamer’s concept of horizons, the study examined how practitionersmade sense of the dressing episode, including the horizons of the text thatattracted the practitioners’ attention and the co-construction of interpretations in the group dialogues. The practitioners employed indirect means more often than direct means to express their values. The group interviews contained themes that were connected to caring, disciplinary, competence and democratic values. The study provided evidence that practitioners shared some core pedagogical ideas and values across Nordic preschools. Differences were apparent between individual practitioners and preschools rather than between the Nordic countries.
- Published
- 2016
34. You’re damned if you do and damned if you don’t: the tension-filled relationships between Japanese beginning and senior teachers.
- Author
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Lassila, Erkki T., Uitto, Minna, and Estola, Eila
- Subjects
EDUCATION ,TEACHERS ,JUNIOR high schools ,BEGINNING teachers ,PSYCHOLOGICAL stress - Abstract
This article contributes to theoretical discussions about beginning teachers’ work being both relational and emotional. Specifically, we have examined the tensions that frequently characterise the relationships between beginning and senior teachers. Our research material consisted of narrative interviews with seven beginning teachers and seven senior teachers working at the same junior high school in Japan. Through thematic analysis, we have identified three categories of tensions: (1) tension between dependence and independence, (2) tension between obedience and assertiveness and (3) tension between loyalty to one’s students and loyalty to one’s colleagues. These tensions are meaningful for both beginning and senior teachers, but they view them in different ways and connect them to different expectations regarding appropriate actions and attitudes. These tensions are also related to wider cultural expectations and general principles that are often concretely realised through different practices within the micropolitical environment of a school. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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35. Silenced Truths: Relational and Emotional Dimensions of a Beginning Teacher's Identity as Part of the Micropolitical Context of School
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Uitto, Minna, primary, Kaunisto, Saara-Leena, additional, Syrjälä, Leena, additional, and Estola, Eila, additional
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- 2014
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36. Not Babies Anymore: Young Children’s Narrative Identities in Finnish Day Care Centers
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Puroila, Anna-Maija, primary and Estola, Eila, additional
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- 2013
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37. Issues of responsibility when conducting research in a northern rural school
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Hyry-Beihammer, Eeva Kaisa, primary, Estola, Eila, additional, and Syrjälä, Leena, additional
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- 2013
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38. ‘I’ve let myself get tired’ – one teacher’s self-reflection process in a peer group
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Kaunisto, Saara-Leena, primary, Estola, Eila, additional, and Leiman, Mikael, additional
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- 2013
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39. Well-Being Narratives and Young Children
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Estola, Eila, primary, Farquhar, Sandy, additional, and Puroila, Anna-Maija, additional
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- 2013
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40. Sigrun Gudmundsdottir’s contributions as a signpost to narrative research: a review of www.svt.ntnu.no/ped/sigrun/
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Syrjälä, Leena, primary and Estola, Eila, additional
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- 2005
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41. A Moral Voice of Vocation in Teachers' Narratives
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Estola, Eila, primary, Erkkila¨, Raija, additional, and Syrja¨la¨, Leena, additional
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- 2003
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42. Love, Body and Change: A teacher's narrative reflections
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Estola, Eila, primary and Syrjälä, Leena, additional
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- 2002
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43. FROM PRESERVICE PREPARATION TO WORKING LIFE: CAREER EXPERIENCES OF EARLY CHILDHOOD TEACHERS IN FINLAND
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Kronqvist, Eeva‐Liisa, primary and Estola, Eila, additional
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- 1999
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44. The challenges of new professionalism for Finland's teachers
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Estola, Eila
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Teachers -- Training ,Education -- Finland ,Schools -- Decentralization ,Finland -- Social aspects - Abstract
Teacher preparation in Finland is conducted in state universities, which provide free tuition for all students. The high status teachers hold in the Finnish society contributes to rigorous admission requirements, […]
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- 1997
45. NARRATIVE RESEARCH: FROM THE MARGINS TO BEING HEARD.
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Syrjälä, Leena and Estola, Eila
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EDUCATION research ,TEACHER organizations ,TEACHING ,DISCOURSE analysis ,EDUCATION ,SOCIETIES - Abstract
This chapter traces the rise of narrative research as a method and form of inquiry in the field of education. While the work mainly focuses on the increased use of narrative in Finland, the fact of the matter is that the interpretative turn, which some call the narrative turn, has spread throughout the world and into almost every disciplinary area of study (medicine, law, religion, etc.). ISATT members internationally have played a key role in its development. The authors of this chapter claim that narrative not only instantiates people's knowledge, experiences, and situations but also changes their lives. They aver that this constitutes the transformational power of narrative research and forms the essence of why it is being drawn in from the margins and gaining acceptance in mainstream discourse and society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2013
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46. Multiple and Intersecting Identities in Qualitative Research (Book).
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Estola, Eila
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TEACHING , *NONFICTION - Abstract
Reviews the book "Multiple and Intersecting Identities in Qualitative Research," edited by Betty M. Merchant and Arlette Ingram Willis.
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- 2004
47. Tuloskortti muutoksen välineenä : tapaustutkimus tuloskortin käyttöönoton prosessista Helsingin kaupungin varhaiskasvatuksessa
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Sihvonen, Irma, University of Helsinki, Faculty of Educational Sciences, Doctoral Programme in School, Education, Society and Culture, Helsingin yliopisto, kasvatustieteellinen tiedekunta, varhaiskasvatuksen osasto, Koulun, kasvatuksen, yhteiskunnan ja kulttuurin tohtoriohjelma, Helsingfors universitet, pedagogiska fakulteten, Doktorandprogrammet i skola, fostran, samhälle och kultur, Estola, Eila, Lipponen, Lasse, and Paananen, Maiju
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kasvatustiede - Abstract
This is a case study examines the introduction process of a strategic governance tool, Balanced scorecard, in the context of early childhood education in the city of Helsinki between 2004 and 2011. The scorecard was introduced to improve the control over the balance between the economy and the core tasks of early child-hood education. Examining the governance tools used in the early childhood education is important due to the increased performance-based management. This case study aimed to define the stages of the implementation process of the scorecard in early childhood education between 2004 and 2011. It is based on longitudinal information on the experiences of the implementation process of four professionals operating in different organisation levels of the early childhood education. The study consisted of five questionnaires between 2004 and 2006 as well as of interviews in 2011. Data were analysed as a dialogue between the theoretical pre-understanding and content analysis. The interview data were analysed using thematic analysis. Based on the analysis, the introduction process of the scorecard was possible to divide into partly overlapping five stages. To the subjects, the implementation of the scorecard appeared as a top-down directed process. At the stage of establishing the scorecard, its use appeared as continuing, long-term and permanent part of the daily work of the early childhood education according to the experiences of the subjects. This study provides two contributions to the earlier literature. First, it provides insight in the introduction and implementation of the scorecard as a long-term strategic governance tool. Second, it provides longitudinal multilevel user experiences of the scorecard. This study yields new points of view to studying performance-based management of the early childhood education. Keywords: Change, management by change, Balanced scorecard, experience, early childhood education Tämä tutkimus on kuvaileva tapaustutkimus strategisen ohjausvälineen, tuloskortin, käyttöönoton prosessista Helsingin kaupungin varhaiskasvatuksen kontekstissa 2004-2011. Tuloskortti otettiin käyttöön parantamaan talouden ja perustehtävän tasapainon välistä tarkastelua. Varhaiskasvatuksen ohjausvälineiden tutkiminen on tärkeää, koska tulosohjaus on lisääntynyt varhaiskasvatuksessa. Tällä tapaustutkimuksella selvitettiin: i) millaisia vaiheita varhaiskasvatuksen tuloskortin käyttöönottoprosessi sisälsi 2004-2011, ii) millaisia kokemuksia varhaiskasvatuksen neljällä eri organisaatiotasolla toimineilla henkilöillä oli muutoksen kohteista eri ajankohtina, ja iii) millaisia kokemuksia neljällä eri organisaatio-tasolla toimineilla oli tuloskortin käyttöönoton toimenpiteistä eri ajankohtina. Tutkimus koostui viidestä kyselystä vuosina 2004-2006 ja haastattelusta 2011. Kyselyaineisto analysoitiin teoreettisen esiymmärryksen ja teoriasidonnaisen sisällönanalyysin vuoropuheluna, ja haastatteluaineisto teemoiteltiin. Tuloskortin käyttöönottoprosessi voitiin jakaa viiteen vaiheeseen, jotka olivat osittain limittäisiä. Tutkimuksessa mukana olleille tuloskortti näyttäytyi ylhäältä annettuna ja ohjattuna prosessina. Tuloskortin vakiintumisen vaiheessa tuloskortin käyttö muutoksen ohjausvälineenä näyttäytyi kokemusten näkökulmasta jatkuvana, pitkäaikaisena ja pysyvänä osana sekä päivittäistä työntekoa. Tämä tutkimus tuo kaksi ensisijaista kontribuutiota suhteessa aiempaan kirjallisuuteen: ensinnäkin se lisää ymmärrystämme ohjausvälineiden käyttöönoton prosesseista sekä toiseksi tuloskortin käyttökokemuksia useamman vuoden ajalta. Tutkimus avaa uusia näkökulmia tulosohjauksen tutkimuslinjaan. Avainsanat: Muutos, muutosjohtaminen, tuloskortti, kokemus, varhaiskasvatus
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- 2020
48. Miten ja mitä opettaja oppii? : Aktiivinen oppiminen opettajan pedagogisen ajattelun osana ja rakentajana
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Ahonen, Elsi, University of Helsinki, Faculty of Educational Sciences, Helsingin yliopisto, kasvatustieteellinen tiedekunta, Helsingfors universitet, pedagogiska fakulteten, and Estola, Eila
- Abstract
This dissertation explored the role of active learning in Finnish comprehensive school teachers’ pedagogical thinking and in student teachers’ learning processess. In this study, active learning was defined as the will, skill and understanding of the teacher that leads to intentional transformation of behaviour and/or thinking. This study included data gathered from 68 teachers and 19 student teachers. Visual methods, retrospective narration and Critical Incident Technique were used inside the semi-structured interviews. The data was content analysed by using an abductive strategy. Study I focused on analysing active learning in teachers’ pedagogical thinking. The context dependency of teachers’ beliefs concerning pupils’ and teachers’ roles in different school interactions was also examined. The results showed that whilst active learning was included in teachers’ pedagogical thinking it manifested itself somewhat narrowly. Teachers’ beliefs were also strongly context dependent. The manifestation of active learning was dependent on the situation, the goal of the activity and persons involved. For the pupils’, active learning was typically enabled in informal settings of school outside the formal teaching-learning process. As for teachers’, active learning typically occurred in solving socially challenging situations between pupils where the teacher was needed in creating common understanding. However, teachers’ active learning in their professional community was rarely mentioned in their descriptions. Study II investigated student teachers’ meaningful learning experiences. The experiences were analysed with regards to their temporal and contextual location, quality and content. The results showed that the majority of the experiences were positive, and the first years were emphasised in students’ descriptions. Experiences were typically situated in Multidisciplinary studies in subjects, theoretical courses of the major subject and the teaching practise. The Bachelor’s or Master’s thesis process, volitional courses and informal discussions were less frequently identified as a context of learning. The majority of the experiences concerned a change in student’s pedagogical practical knowledge. Students also reported changes in pedagogical content knowledge and shifts in identity. However, the students’ descriptions were less often concerned with combining pedagogical practical knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge. Student learning was mostly assimilative. Active learning was most often described in experiences concerning identity and combining pedagogical practical knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge. Study III focused on student teachers’ multidimensional learning patterns. Four different kinds of patterns were identified: meaning-directed actor, undirected-inconsistent, disengaged passer-by and meaning-directed conformist. The results showed that active learning was included in student teachers’ learning. There where however differences in how extensively patterns reflected active learning. The results showed also that especially the skill dimension of active learning was challenging for every learning pattern. The dissertation contributes to research on teacher learning by revealing the nature of teachers’ and student teachers’ active learning. The results showed that even though active learning is a part of teachers’ pedagogical thinking and the learning of it , it’s the manifestation is still quite limited, and it is not yet systematically used in teachers’ and student teachers’ learning. Tutkimuksessa tarkasteltiin aktiivista oppimista suomalaisten opettajien pedagogisessa ajattelussa ja opettajaksi opiskelevien pedagogisen ajattelun oppimisprosessissa. Tutkimuksessa aktiivista oppimista jäsennettiin opettajan tahtona, taitona ja ymmärryksenä toiminnan ja ajattelumallien tavoitteelliseen ja uutta luovaan muokkaamiseen. Aineisto koostui 68 perusopetuksen opettajan haastattelusta ja 19 opettajaksi opiskelevan haastatteluista. Teemahaastatteluissa hyödynnettiin visuaalista menetelmää, retrospektiivistä narraatiota ja critical incidents -tekniikkaa. Analyysi toteutettiin laadullisena sisällönanalyysinä. I osatutkimuksessa tarkasteltiin aktiivista oppimista perusopetuksen opettajien ajattelussa ja selvitettiin, varioivatko opettajien käsitykset koulun erilaisissa vuorovaikutustilanteissa. Tutkimuksen tulokset osoittivat, että aktiivinen oppiminen sisältyi opettajan pedagogiseen ajatteluun, mutta melko rajautuneesti. Aktiivisen oppimisen ilmeneminen oli vahvasti sidoksissa toimintaympäristöön ja toiminnan kohteeseen eli siihen, keiden kanssa opettaja toimi ja millaisesta toiminnasta oli kyse. Oppilaille aktiivinen oppiminen mahdollistui tyypillisesti koulun vapaamuotoisemmissa tilanteissa. Opettajille aktiivinen oppiminen puolestaan mahdollistui oppilaan kanssa mm. haastavia kasvatuksellisia tilanteita ratkottaessa, jolloin pyrittiin yhteisen näkemyksen rakentamiseen. Sen sijaan opettajan aktiivista oppimista ammatillisessa yhteisössä kuvattiin harvoin. II osatutkimuksessa analysoitiin opettajaksi opiskelevien merkittävien oppimiskokemusten laatua, ajallista sijoittumista, kontekstia ja sitä, minkä suhteen muutos tapahtui. Tulokset osoittivat, että suurin osa opiskelijoiden oppimiskokemuksista oli positiivisia ja ne painottuivat ensimmäisille opintovuosille. Kokemukset sijoittuivat erityisesti monialaisiin opintoihin, opetusharjoitteluun ja pääaineen teoriaopintoihin. Opinnäytetyön tekemiseen, sivuaineopintoihin tai informaaleihin tilanteisiin liittyen niitä raportoitiin vähemmän. Kokemusten sisältönä oli vahvimmin praktinen pedagoginen tietäminen. Myös pedagoginen sisältötieto ja identiteetin rakentaminen olivat oppimiskokemusten kohteena. Sen sijaan oppimisen kohteeksi määrittyi vain harvoin teorian ja käytännön yhdistyminen. Opiskelijoiden oppiminen oli pääsääntöisesti assimilaatiota. Aktiivista oppimista tapahtui lähinnä tilanteissa, joissa oppimisen kohteena oli identiteetti tai teorian ja käytännön yhdistyminen. III osatutkimuksessa tarkastelua laajennettiin eri osatekijöistä rakentuvien oppimisprosessiprofiilien tasolle. Opettajaksi opiskelevilla tunnistettiin neljä profiilia: merkitysorientoitunut aktiivinen, jäsentymätön, strateginen ja merkitysorientoitunut sopeutuva. Tulokset osoittivat, että aktiivinen oppiminen sisältyi opettajaksi opiskelevien pedagogisen ajattelun oppimiseen. Profiilit erosivat toisistaan kuitenkin sen suhteen, missä määrin ne ilmensivät aktiivista oppimista ja niitä voitiin tarkastella oppimisen aktiivisuuden suhteen jatkumona. Tulokset osoittivat myös, että erityisesti aktiivisen oppimisen taito -ulottuvuuden oppimisessa oli haasteita kaikkien profiilien kohdalla. Väitöstutkimuksen tulokset avasivat uusia näkökulmia aktiivisesta oppimisesta niin opettajien pedagogisen ajattelun osana kuin rakentajana. Tulokset osoittivat, että aktiivinen oppiminen sisältyi opettajien pedagogiseen ajatteluun ja opiskelijoiden pedagogiseen ajattelun oppimiseen, mutta melko rajautuneesti, eikä se vielä ole jäsentynyt systemaattiseksi toimintatavaksi heidän omassa oppimisessaan.
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- 2018
49. Nerve-wracking or rewarding? : A multidisciplinary approach to investigating work-related well-being, stress regulation and quality of pedagogical work among early childhood professionals
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Nislin, Mari, University of Helsinki, Faculty of Behavioural Sciences, Department of Teacher Education, Helsingin yliopisto, käyttäytymistieteellinen tiedekunta, opettajankoulutuslaitos, Helsingfors universitet, beteendevetenskapliga fakulteten, institutionen för lärarutbildning, Estola, Eila, Sajaniemi, Nina, Sims, Margaret, and Suhonen, Eira
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erityispedagogiikka - Abstract
The aim of this thesis was to investigate early childhood professionals (ECP) stress regulation, work-related well-being and pedagogical work in kindergartens, as well as to determine whether these factors were connected. The demands that ECPs encounter at work and the resources available to them as well as the extent to which they experience engagement or burnout were analysed in order to increase understanding of the challenges involved in work that is simultaneously demanding and rewarding. In this thesis pedagogical work was seen as an indicator of ECP s job performance and quality of the early childhood education service. Furthermore, the focus was on physiological aspects relating to stress regulation. The goal was to enhance knowledge of working life in the field of early childhood education by utilising an interdisciplinary, integrative approach and multiple methodologies. The study was part of two larger projects undertaken by the Department of Teacher Education at the University of Helsinki and involved two separate data sets. The first set was collected in 2009 from 117 ECPs in 24 kindergartens in the Helsinki metropolitan area. Participants in the second study (2012) were 89 ECPs from 21 integrated special kindergarten groups in the city of Helsinki. Data were collected through salivary cortisol and alpha-amylase measurements, observational assessments of pedagogical work and surveys measuring work-related well-being. The results indicated that the ECPs generally found their work resources to be adequate, and, on average, their stress regulation was balanced. On average, the ECPs experienced high levels of work engagement, yet there were also participants who were less positive and showed moderate signs of burnout. In addition, the results demonstrated the importance of social support, especially the role of the supervisor, which proved to be one of the key factors positively enhancing well-being at work. The main findings demonstrated the close relationship between ECPs stress regulation and the quality of pedagogical work in teams. However, no associations between different biomarkers and work engagement and burnout were found. This study is novel in that it combines approaches from different disciplines to investigate work-related well-being among ECPs. The study highlights the importance of teamwork not only as fundamental to high-quality early childhood education, but also in supporting the well-being of ECPs. The findings can be applied in future studies and used to inform interventions intended to enhance working conditions in kindergartens. Tutkimuksen tarkoitus oli selvittää päiväkodin kasvattajien työssä jaksamista, stressin säätelyä ja pedagogisen työn laatua, ja miten ne ovat yhteydessä toisiinsa. Tutkimuksessa tarkasteltiin kasvattajien kokemuksia varhaiskasvatustyön kuormittavista ja kannattelevista tekijöistä, ja millä tavoin he kokevat työssään työn imua tai uupumusta. Kasvattajien työssä suoriutumista lähestyttiin pedagogisen työn laadun kautta. Lisäksi kasvattajien stressin säätelyä tutkittiin selvittämällä heidän fysiologisia stressivasteitaan. Monitieteellisellä ja menetelmällisellä lähestymistavalla pyrittiin selvittämään moniulotteisesti päiväkodin kasvattajien kokemuksia varhaiskasvatustyöstä ja millaisia edellytyksiä heillä on tehdä pedagogisesti laadukasta työtä. Tutkimus oli osa kahta suurempaa tutkimushanketta, jotka toteutettiin Helsingin yliopiston Opettajankoulutuslaitoksella vuosina 2009 ja 2012. Ensimmäisen osatutkimuksen osallistujat (n=117) olivat päiväkodin kasvattajia kahdesta kunnasta pääkaupunkiseudulta. Toiseen osatutkimukseen osallistui päiväkodin integroitujen erityisryhmien kasvattajia (n=89) 21 päiväkodista Helsingistä. Aineisto kerättiin työn vaatimuksia ja voimavaroja sekä työn imua ja uupumusta mittaavilla kyselyillä, stressin säätelyä mittaavilla syljen kortisoli ja alfa-amylaasinäytteillä sekä havainnoimalla päiväkotiryhmien pedagogista laatua. Tulosten mukaan päiväkodin kasvattajat kokivat huomattavan paljon työssään työn imua ja he pitivät työnsä voimavaroja hyvinä. Keskimäärin kasvattajien stressin säätely oli tasapainossa, ja vain pienellä joukolla stressitasot olivat poikkeavat. Kuitenkin joukossa oli kasvattajia, jotka kokivat työssään kuormitusta ja lievää työuupumusoireilua. Voimavaroilla, erityisesti sosiaalisella tuella esimieheltä ja kollegoilta näytti olevan positiivinen yhteys kasvattajien stressin säätelyyn sekä pedagogisen työn laatuun. Myös työn imulla oli yhteyttä pedagogiseen työhön tiimeissä. Vaikka stressin säätely oli yhteydessä pedagogiseen työhön, sillä ei kuitenkaan ollut yhteyttä työn imuun tai uupumukseen. Tutkimus vahvistaa käsitystä työyhteisön merkityksestä työssä jaksamiselle ja stressin säätelylle. Erityisesti esiin nousee tiimityöskentely, jolla ei ole ainoastaan merkitys laadukkaan pedagogisen työn kannalta vaan myös kasvattajien tiimin jäsenten hyvinvointia vahvistavana tekijänä. Tutkimuksen tuloksia voidaan hyödyntää jatkotutkimuksissa, joissa pyritään selvittämään työyhteisön hyvinvointia vahvistavia mekanismeja. Lisäksi tuloksia voidaan soveltaa suunniteltaessa kehittämistoimenpiteitä varhaiskasvatuksen alalla työskentelevien työolojen parantamiseksi.
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- 2016
50. Lastentarhanopettajan ammatillinen kehittyminen havainnointiin perustuvan reflektion avulla
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Tahkokallio, Leena, University of Helsinki, Faculty of Behavioural Sciences, Department of Teacher Education, Helsingin yliopisto, käyttäytymistieteellinen tiedekunta, opettajankoulutuslaitos, Helsingfors universitet, beteendevetenskapliga fakulteten, institutionen för lärarutbildning, Estola, Eila, Lipponen, Lasse, and Kalliala, Marjatta
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kasvatustiede - Abstract
The study examines the kind of professional development catalysed by observation-based reflection in cooperation with a researcher in a Finnish daycare centre. More specific research questions were what kindergarten teachers reflect on, what kind of reflection teachers speech represents, and what kind of changes take place in the interpretative framework of the teacher. Four kindergarten teachers participated in this research project. Two of them were involved for two action research cycles (including evaluation, planning, improvement, and reflection), and two for three cycles. The goal of this research project was to support the professional development of kindergarten teachers by means of co-operation between the researcher, the kindergarten teachers and their teams, based on the quality of children s experiences in a kindergarten group of children aged 3 - 6 years. The data were produced by interviewing the teacher, discussing with her and her team, observing the involvement of the children and the engagement of the adult, and using various textual sources. The analysis of the data took place in two stages. In the first stage the analysis proceeded vertically,case by case. The second stage of the analysis was horizontal, with the emphasis on trying to find common meanings and the directions of change. A case description, drawing on the different types of data, summarises the process of each teacher and her group. The descriptions are based on the analysed interviews, the evaluation and reflection discussions carried out with the teachers, analysis of the systematic observation of adult engagement and the involvement of the children and of and analysis of the [textual] documents. In the second stage the cases were compared and examined horizontally. Firstly, the results show that observing the children catalysed new interpretations of the children s experiences and the adult s role in relation to them. Secondly, it was discovered that the children s peer relations explain in important measure their involvement an observation which prompted the teachers to reflect on the possibilities of adults affecting these relations in a constructive way. Thirdly, the research process led all the teachers to reflect holistically on their own role, and on the development of their working methods, in relationship to their earlier interpretations of the role of the adult and the idea of child-oriented pedagogy. As regards the quality of their reflection and how their ways of reflecting changed, the personal research-orientated approach of the teacher and her ability to connect her reflections to the experiences of the children were significant. Cooperation with the researcher led the teachers to reflect not only on shared research topics but also on various personal themes which arose from the individual experiences of the teachers and from the particularities of the different day-care settings. The objects of reflection and its quality are thus indicative, firstly, of the personal professional development of the teacher and what she considers meaningful and, secondly, more generally of the central questions of early childhood pedagogics. It is common to describe institutional development as a process in which abstract transformative speech slowly catalyses a real change. This study, however, shows that observation-based evaluation of children's experiences may trigger a profound professional learning process, during which the teacher has to reinterpret, and partly question, not only her own working methods but also the dominant pedagogical discourse and the unspoken rules and contracts affecting the day-care setting. Tutkimuksessa etsitään vastausta kysymykseen siitä, millaista ammatillista kehitystä havainnointiin perustuva reflektio yhteistyössä tutkijan kanssa saa aikaan lastentarhanopettajissa suomalaisessa päiväkotiympäristössä. Eritellymmin kysyttiin, mihin lastentarhanopettajien reflektio kohdistuu,millaista reflektiota opettajan puhe edustaa sekä millaista muutosta tapahtuu opettajan tulkitsevassa viitekehyksessä. Tutkimukseen osallistui neljä lastentarhanopettajaa, joista kaksi oli mukana prosessissa kahden ja kaksi kolmen toimintatutkimuksellisen syklin (arviointi, suunnittelu, kehittäminen ja reflektointi)ajan. Tutkijan, lastentarhanopettajien ja heidän tiimiensä kanssa tehtävän yhteistyön keskeisenä sisältönä oli tarkastella lasten kokemusten laatua 3 - 6-vuotiaiden lasten päiväkotiryhmissä. Tutkimusaineisto tuotettiin haastattelemalla sekä keskustelemalla opettajien ja heidän tiimiensä kanssa, observoimalla lasten ja aikuisen sitoutuneisuutta sekä käyttämällä hyväksi erilaisia kirjallisia aineistoja. Aineiston analyysi oli kaksivaiheinen. Ensimmäisessä vaiheessa analyysi eteni vertikaalisesti,tapauskohtaisesti, ja toisessa vaiheessa horisontaalisesti yhteisiä merkityksiä ja muutoksen suuntia etsien. Kunkin opettajan ja hänen ryhmänsä prosessi tiivistyi eri aineistoista kootuksi tapauskuvaukseksi. Kuvaukset perustuvat analysoituihin haastatteluihin sekä arviointi- ja reflektointikeskusteluihin, systemaattisiin lasten ja opettajan sitoutuneisuuden observointien määrällisiin arviointeihin sekä kirjallisten dokumenttien analyysiin. Toisessa vaiheessa tapaukset asetettiin rinnakkain ja niitä tarkasteltiin horisontaalisesti. Tulokset osoittivat, että lasten havainnoiminen tuotti uusia tulkintoja lasten kokemuksista ja aikuisen roolista suhteessa niihin sekä muutti ammatillisten keskustelujen sisältöä perustehtävän suuntaan. Toiseksi havaittiin, että lasten vertaissuhteet selittivät olennaisella tavalla lasten sitoutuneisuutta toimintaan, mikä herätti opettajat pohtimaan aikuisen mahdollisuuksia vaikuttaa vertaissuhteisiin rakentavalla tavalla. Kolmanneksi tutkimusprosessi johdatti kaikki opettajat tarkastelemaan kokonaisvaltaisesti omaa rooliaan ja pohtimaan muutoksia työssään suhteessa omaan aikaisempaan tulkintaansa aikuisen roolista ja lapsilähtöisyydestä. Merkityksellistä reflektion laadun ja muutoksen kannalta oli, miten opettajat toteuttivat omakohtaista tutkivaa lähestymistapaansa ja kykenivät sitomaan reflektionsa lapsen kokemukseen. Yhteistyö tutkijan kanssa johdatti opettajat reflektoimaan yhteisten kohteiden lisäksi myös yksilöllisesti rakentuvia teemoja, jotka ovat sidoksissa opettajan henkilökohtaisiin ja päiväkotikontekstiin liittyviin tekijöihin. Reflektoinnin kohteet ja laatu kertovat siis yhtäältä opettajan ammatillisesta kehityksestä ja henkilökohtaisesta merkityksenannosta ja toisaalta laajemmin keskeisistä suomalaisen varhaispedagogiikan kysymyksistä. Tutkimus osoittaa, että havainnointiin perustuva lasten kokemusten arvioiminen voi sysätä liikkeelle syvällisen ammatillisen muutosprosessin, jossa lastentarhanopettaja joutuu oman ammatillisen toimintansa lisäksi osittain kyseenalaistamaan ja tulkitsemaan uudelleen makrotason vallitsevaa puhetapaa ja päiväkotikulttuurin ääneen lausumattomia sääntöjä ja sopimuksia.
- Published
- 2014
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