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Sport federations (NSFs) are the main promoters of sport at a national level. Their complex management involves coordinating relations with private entities, public administrations, and international organisations. Therefore, the economic situation of a country and its sport support policies have significant influences on the achievement of the NSFs’ objectives and, therefore, on their sustainability and influence on an active population. This study analyses the determinants of the financial performance of 59 Spanish sport federations (SSFs), 28 Olympic and 31 non-Olympic, based on the relationship between the funding received and their international results during the period from 2007 to 2019 (both years included). The preliminary data analysis included an examination of the missing data, and a t-test was used to compare Olympic and non-Olympic sport federations regarding different variables related to their resources and results. In addition, multiple linear regressions identified the possible predictors of the financing of sport federations and were separately performed for Olympic and non-Olympic federations. The results showed that SSFs were able to maintain their results in the face of decreasing resources. In addition, Olympic SSFs were found to be less dependent on public funding than non-Olympic SSFs for competitive results. This is evidence of a paradigm shift in the management of Spanish federated sports, evolving towards a model that is less dependent on the state, more efficient, and therefore more sustainable., Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture, and Sport-Salvador de Madariaga PRX 16/00367

Despite the widespread perception that the preschool stage is a physically active stage, current studies indicate that levels of physical activity (PA). Of the different environments in which PA engagement may be promoted, the school setting is one of the most important. Thus, there is a need to investigate further in this area in order to propose research designs and interventions which can be evaluated. An innovative and recently researched method is the integration of movement within classroom activities which goes beyond break time activity and the implementation of government mandated curricular physical education sessions. Specifically, the current chapter addresses the combination of basic physical activity and academic lessons as an approach for teaching English language vocabulary. Results from research studies to have developed interventions using this methodology provide positive outcomes regarding effectiveness in terms of increasing physical activity, motivation, and cognitive performance at early ages.

In this study, an analysis was made of the qualitative and quantitative evolution of the participation and results obtained by the Spanish athletes throughout the Olympic Games, for which their records were compared to those of the men's team fromParis 1900 to Rio 2016. During the study, the growing weight of Spanish women athletes was analysed, resulting in the Women and Sport programme (2007), which seems to have been a determining factor in the improvement of the performance of Spanish women athletes, which surpassed that of the men's team in the last two editions, for the first time in history and in a consecutive manner. The data revealed a growing weight of women, with a historical representation much lower in the Olympic Games (less than 14%until Barcelona 1992) and significantly lower than men from the same (beginning to be more than 30%). This progression has been accompanied by a greater value in the variable weight of the medals, this fact was accentuated in the last editions of London 2012 (65%) and Rio de Janeiro 2016 (60%). It is clear from the results that there is plenty of room for improvement in women's sport. Empowering Spanish female athletes, increasing social and economic recognition, and identifying which are the differential factors that make them more efficient with respect to the male team, can optimize strategies and results in the third sector of sport in Spain.

espanolLos niveles de actividad fisica (AF) cada vez son mas bajos. Las recomendaciones de 60 minutos de actividad fisica moderada-vigorosa (AFMV) y entre 10.000 y 16.000 pasos al dia para ninos y adolescentes, solo son cumplidas por grupos minoritarios. Los programas de intervencion utilizando dispositivos inteligentes son una buena opcion para el incremento de la AF. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la utilizacion de pulseras inteligentes para el incremento de AF en una muestra de un entorno rural. Un total de ocho estudiantes de entre 14 y 16 anos participaron en este estudio. Los sujetos portaron una pulsera de actividad fisica Xiaomi Mi Band 4 durante dos semanas, donde se registro el numero de pasos y los minutos de AFMV. La primera Semana de Control (S1), fue una semana de rutina escolar habitual. La segunda Semana de Intervencion (S2), fue una intervencion de promocion de la AF orientada al incremento de la misma por medio de retos. Los sujetos mostraron en la primera semana una media de 7.200 pasos/dia y 173 minutos/dia y, durante la segunda, una media de 12.300 pasos/dia y 212 minutos/dia de AFMV, mostrando asi un aumento importante durante la segunda semana, respecto a la primera semana. Diferentes estudios muestran grandes incrementos de AFMV al aplicar programas de intervencion, consiguiendo asi que se cumplan las recomendaciones minimas diarias de minutos de AFMV y de pasos. Se evidencia que las pulseras de AF influyen de manera positiva para el aumento de los niveles de AF, ademas de resultar un instrumento motivante para el alumnado. EnglishPhysical activity (PA) levels are getting lower and lower. Recommendations of 60 minutes of moderate-to-severe physical activity (MVPA) and 10,000-16,000 steps per day for children and adolescents are only met by minority groups. Intervention programs using smart devices are a good option for increasing PA. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of using smart devices to increase PA in a rural setting sample. A total of eight students aged 14-16 years participated in this study. Subjects wore a Xiaomi Mi Band 4 physical activity bracelet for two weeks, where the number of steps and minutes of MVPA were recorded. The first Control Week (CW) was a week of the regular school routine. The second Intervention Week (IW) was a PA promotion intervention to increase it through challenges. The subjects showed an average of 7200 steps/day and 173 minutes/day during the first week and an average of 12300 steps/day and 212 minutes/day of MVPA during the second week, showing a significant increase during the second week, compared to the first week. Different studies show large increases of MVPA when applying for intervention programs, thus achieving the minimum daily recommendations of MVPA minutes and steps. It is found that PA bracelets positively influence PA intervention programs, and be a motivating instrument for students.

The importance of increasing regulation in this field in all socio-economic areas, including the sport sector, and major pressure on the traditional autonomous hierarchical networks of the sport world done by governments, mainly due to the commercialisation of sport, have forced all major sports bodies and associations representing the sports industry to join this initiative of improving their good governance. A qualitative and quantitative study of the 35 Olympic ISFs has been carried out following the OGD - SGO index tool in 4 areas of improvement. The results allow to conclude that there is still a weakness in the control structures with a need to focus on the dimensions of democracy and checks and balances which are the weakest. There is also a lack of agreement on a standardised way to assess the good governance of sport entities that must be addressed and improved urgently.

Regular physical activity (PA) engagement has multiple benefits for individual general health at all ages and life stages. The present work focuses on badminton, which is one of the most popular sports worldwide. The aim was to conduct a systematic review focused on examining and analysing this sport and the benefits it brings to the health of those who engage in it. Examination was conducted from the viewpoint of overall health and provides an overview of the current stateof- the-art as presented in published scientific literature. PRISMA 2020 guidelines were adhered to. An exhaustive search was conducted of four electronic databases or search engines: Web of Science, Scopus, MEDLINE and Google Scholar. The search terms used were “badminton AND health” and “badminton AND benefits”. In total, 27 studies were eligible for inclusion in the systematic review. After analysing the results, it was concluded that badminton engagement may lead to an improvement in all areas, the most studied being those related to physical health, in particular the improvement of cardiac and pulmonary functions and the development of basic physical capacities., European project. "Badminton for All" of the Erasmus + programme 590603-EPP-1-2017-1-ES-SPO-SCP

This study examines the relationships between functional quality, outcome quality, satisfaction, and future intentions, influenced by emotions, of spectators who attended the 2018 European Badminton Championships. The population studied was 686 spectators. The mean age was 36.08 ± 14.15 years, 39.1% were females, and 66.1% were local resident spectators. The results allow to affirm that functional quality and outcome quality have an impact on satisfaction, either directly or indirectly through emotions. In the same way, it has been possible to observe the relationship between satisfaction and future intentions of the spectators. These results help understand the factors that predict the loyalty of spectators of sports events of badminton.

The design and/or remodelling of urban parks is a good health strategy to alleviate the lack of physical activity (PA) in children and, consequently, the different health problems derived from this. The main objective of the present study was to obtain a systematic review of the design features and characteristics that influence users’ visits to urban parks and the PA engagement in them. A literature search was carried out in the Web of Science (WOS) and Scopus databases during the months of June and July 2020. After considering and applying inclusion criteria, the final review sample was formed of 31 scientific papers published between 2010–2020. The results obtained in the review lead us to conclude that the needs of the population (children and family members who care for them) and socio-economic context of the area in which they are built must be considered when constructing and/or remodelling parks. Involving community members in playground renovations can have a positive effect on park use and PA engagement in children.

Background: Currently, adolescents grow up consuming a large amount of multimedia content and lead a sedentary lifestyle. As a result, emerging trends show greater feelings of loneliness. The present research seeks to describe adolescents&rsquo, attitudes towards Physical Education (PE), indices of loneliness and physical activity (PA) engagement. Further, it analyses associations between attitudes towards PE as a function of PA engagement and considers sex, loneliness and school year repetition as factors. Method: A sample of 2388 adolescents (43.3% males and 56.6% females) was recruited. Participants were aged 11&ndash, 17 years (M = 13.8 years, SD = 1.2) and came from Spain. The following instruments were used: The Attitudes towards Physical Education questionnaire (AQPE) in order to analyze attitudes towards PE, and the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) loneliness scale to estimate loneliness. Results: With regard to sex and attitudes towards PE, significant differences were detected in relation to the difficulty of PE, with higher values being achieved in males (M = 2.4) than females (M = 2.3). A medium correlation emerged between the dimension of loneliness and the usefulness of PE (r = 0.323 **). Conclusions: It is confirmed that adolescents who experience greater levels of emotional or relational loneliness have less positive attitudes towards PE.

Sports federations are the great promoters of sport at the national level. Their public-private structure requires them to maintain a strong relationship with the public administration. That is why the economic situation of a country, as well as the sports support policy, significantly influence the structure, projects and sports results obtained. This work shows the evolution of public funding in the Spanish federative sport, as well as the evolution of the medals obtained in the Olympic Games held in the period 2008-2017.

In this study, we have undertaken an analysis of the status of Spanish and British sport models. Sport has become a major socio-economic marvel of the modern world, with broad media coverage and both active and passive participation. Sporting achievement, the public image of many countries, is a top priority for the governments of developed nations and represents a goal of general interest. Using data analysis, we have examined the reality of the sport models in both countries through sportive variables, as well as the financials behind the sporting economy in the last 5 Olympic Games. The data reveals a more efficiency model in UK and a need of change if Spain wants to keep its current level of achievement internationally, where the current model requires a review of its structure and funding sources, public or private, and the modernisation of the federated management model that must be preserved and encouraged through (non-profit) organisations that benefit from a favourable tax system, such as the Sports Federations. This study has been granted by the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport, through Salvador de Madariaga's grants, reference n.: PRX16/00367.

The purpose of this study was to determine the intermachine reliability attained from devices used to measure the common variables in sports performance. Repeatability conditions were established by creating a similar set of conditions under which the measurements were taken from both devices. The objectives of this research were to demonstrate the reliability between two devices in a bench press movement--the linear position measuring device (LPM) isoinertial dynamometer (T-Force) and the 3D (Myotest) accelerometer (AC)--and to compare the existing correlations between maximum velocity, maximum estimated strength, and peak power estimate variables in the bench press exercise. Forty bench press exercise trials were analyzed simultaneously, performed by 3 different subjects (age: 26.74 ± 1.2 years, height: 175.74 ± 4.04 cm, weight: 78.7 ± 3.35 kg) at maximum velocity (25 kg additional load). Three simple linear regression models were developed, supplied by the LPM on the basis of the AC data. The assumption of independence of errors was compared by means of the Durban-Watson test, and partial autocorrelation coefficients were established at an overall p < 0.05 significance level. It has not been possible to confirm the presence of a general correlation between the measurements of both devices. Regarding the assumption of independence of errors, the presence of generalized autocorrelation was confirmed. Linear regression analysis revealed an intermachine correlation in one of the nonconclusive cases, (peak power) variable and subject 1, r (10) = 0.640, p = 0.024. No partial autocorrelation was found. The devices should not be used interchangeably as instruments.