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2. Affecting Positive Political Change for Texas Teacher Educators: Preservice Teachers' Perceived Efficacy toward the Political Process

Author

Estes, L. Karen, Owens, Carolyn, and Zipperlen, Marlene

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine if a correlation exists between politically-oriented experiences and teacher candidates' sense of efficacy for political advocacy. Pre-service teacher candidates in a Texas university completed the Political Advocacy Scale of Efficacy for Teachers (PASET), a survey instrument designed to measure one's degree of efficaciousness toward political advocacy. Following this, students attended an international conference on education, which included a specific workshop on political advocacy and met with politicians in a variety of settings. Data collected from the post administration of the PASET suggested that targeted interventions may affect a pre-service teacher's sense of efficacy for political advocacy. Given a pervasive culture among Texas teachers that does little to positively impact political decisions which affect education, changing preservice teachers' efficacy toward political advocacy could benefit education as a whole. (Contains 1 figure.)

Published
2010

5. Studies in the vascular flora of the southeastern United States. IX

Author

Weakley, Alan S., primary, Kees, John C., additional, Sorrie, Bruce A., additional, Ward, Scott G., additional, Poindexter, Derick B., additional, Brock, Mason, additional, Estes, L. Dwayne, additional, Bridges, Edwin L., additional, Orzell, Steve L., additional, Levin, Geoffrey A., additional, McClelland, R. Kevan Schoonover, additional, Schmidt, Ryan J., additional, and Namestnik, Scott A., additional

Published
2023
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18. Accounting for Training Data Error in Machine Learning Applied to Earth Observations

Author

Elmes, A., Alemohammad, H., Avery, R., Caylor, K., Eastman, J.R., Fishgold, L., Friedl, M.A., Jain, M., Kohli, D., Laso Bayas, J.C., Lunga, D., McCarty, J.L., Pontius, R.G., Reinmann, A.B., Rogan, J., Song, L., Stoynova, H., Ye, S., Yi, Z.-F., Estes, L., Elmes, A., Alemohammad, H., Avery, R., Caylor, K., Eastman, J.R., Fishgold, L., Friedl, M.A., Jain, M., Kohli, D., Laso Bayas, J.C., Lunga, D., McCarty, J.L., Pontius, R.G., Reinmann, A.B., Rogan, J., Song, L., Stoynova, H., Ye, S., Yi, Z.-F., and Estes, L.

Abstract

Remote sensing, or Earth Observation (EO), is increasingly used to understand Earth system dynamics and create continuous and categorical maps of biophysical properties and land cover, especially based on recent advances in machine learning (ML). ML models typically require large, spatially explicit training datasets to make accurate predictions. Training data (TD) are typically generated by digitizing polygons on high spatial-resolution imagery, by collecting in situ data, or by using pre-existing datasets. TD are often assumed to accurately represent the truth, but in practice almost always have error, stemming from (1) sample design, and (2) sample collection errors. The latter is particularly relevant for image-interpreted TD, an increasingly commonly used method due to its practicality and the increasing training sample size requirements of modern ML algorithms. TD errors can cause substantial errors in the maps created using ML algorithms, which may impact map use and interpretation. Despite these potential errors and their real-world consequences for map-based decisions, TD error is often not accounted for or reported in EO research. Here we review the current practices for collecting and handling TD. We identify the sources of TD error, and illustrate their impacts using several case studies representing different EO applications (infrastructure mapping, global surface flux estimates, and agricultural monitoring), and provide guidelines for minimizing and accounting for TD errors. To harmonize terminology, we distinguish TD from three other classes of data that should be used to create and assess ML models: training reference data, used to assess the quality of TD during data generation; validation data, used to iteratively improve models; and map reference data, used only for final accuracy assessment. We focus primarily on TD, but our advice is generally applicable to all four classes, and we ground our review in established best practices for map accuracy

Published
2020

19. Where in the world is Lorena, Texas? Enhancing local history studies with technology. (Advancing Technology)

Author

Milson, Andrew J., Lloyd, Teresa D., Estes, L. Karen, and Mayfield, Connie

Subjects
Local history -- Technology application -- Study and teaching, Education, Social sciences, Technology application, Study and teaching
Abstract

The study of communities and local history has been a common feature of elementary social studies since the advent of the expanding horizons curriculum in the 1920s. Unfortunately, only second [...]

Published
2003

22. On the Use of Unmanned Aerial Systems for Environmental Monitoring

Author

Universitat Politècnica de València. Departamento de Ingeniería Hidráulica y Medio Ambiente - Departament d'Enginyeria Hidràulica i Medi Ambient, European Cooperation in Science and Technology, National Research, Development and Innovation Office, Hungría, Czech Science Foundation, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Portugal, European Regional Development Fund, Manfreda, Salvatore, McCabe, M. F., Miller, P. E., Lucas, R., Pajuelo Madrigal, V., Mallinis, G., Ben Dor, E., Helman, D., Estes, L., Ciraolo, G., Müllerová, J., Tauro, F., de Lima, I., de Lima, J., Maltese, A., Francés, F., Ruiz Perez, Guiomar, Universitat Politècnica de València. Departamento de Ingeniería Hidráulica y Medio Ambiente - Departament d'Enginyeria Hidràulica i Medi Ambient, European Cooperation in Science and Technology, National Research, Development and Innovation Office, Hungría, Czech Science Foundation, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Portugal, European Regional Development Fund, Manfreda, Salvatore, McCabe, M. F., Miller, P. E., Lucas, R., Pajuelo Madrigal, V., Mallinis, G., Ben Dor, E., Helman, D., Estes, L., Ciraolo, G., Müllerová, J., Tauro, F., de Lima, I., de Lima, J., Maltese, A., Francés, F., and Ruiz Perez, Guiomar

Abstract

[EN] Environmental monitoring plays a central role in diagnosing climate and management impacts on natural and agricultural systems; enhancing the understanding of hydrological processes; optimizing the allocation and distribution of water resources; and assessing, forecasting, and even preventing natural disasters. Nowadays, most monitoring and data collection systems are based upon a combination of ground-based measurements, manned airborne sensors, and satellite observations. These data are utilized in describing both small-and large-scale processes, but have spatiotemporal constraints inherent to each respective collection system. Bridging the unique spatial and temporal divides that limit current monitoring platforms is key to improving our understanding of environmental systems. In this context, Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) have considerable potential to radically improve environmental monitoring. UAS-mounted sensors offer an extraordinary opportunity to bridge the existing gap between field observations and traditional air-and space-borne remote sensing, by providing high spatial detail over relatively large areas in a cost-effective way and an entirely new capacity for enhanced temporal retrieval. As well as showcasing recent advances in the field, there is also a need to identify and understand the potential limitations of UAS technology. For these platforms to reach their monitoring potential, a wide spectrum of unresolved issues and application-specific challenges require focused community attention. Indeed, to leverage the full potential of UAS-based approaches, sensing technologies, measurement protocols, postprocessing techniques, retrieval algorithms, and evaluation techniques need to be harmonized. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the existing research and applications of UAS in natural and agricultural ecosystem monitoring in order to identify future directions, applications, developments, and challenges.

Published
2018

26. Alabama

Author

Barger, T. Wayne, primary, Horne, Howard E., additional, Spaulding, Daniel D., additional, Holt, Brian D., additional, Cressler, Alan, additional, Estes, L. Dwayne, additional, and Hughes, Brittney M., additional

Published
2012
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30. A statistical analysis of some non-linear optical effects

Author

O'Neill, E. L, Estes, L, Narducci, L, and Clark, W

Subjects
Physics, General
Abstract

Statistical analysis of some nonlinear optical effects including scattering light from rotating glass and second harmonic light generated by pseudo-thermal source

Published
1971

31. Coherent absorption in a homogeneously broadened medium

Author

Estes, L. E, Eteson, D. C, and Narducci, L. M

Subjects
Communications
Abstract

Short light pulse coherent absorption in homogeneously broadened resonant medium, discussing influence of input pulse area and atomic coherence on propagation properties

Published
1970

32. Statistical analysis of randomly modulated laser light

Author

Estes, L. E, Kuppenheimer, J. D, and Narducci, L. M

Subjects
Masers
Abstract

Phase modulated laser light beam statistical analysis, using Michelson interferometer with piezoelectric crystal driven mirror connected to Gaussian random noise generator

Published
1970

38. New and Noteworthy Records for the Flora of Alabama.

Author

Barger, T. Wayne, Horne, Howard E., Spaulding, Daniel D., Holt, Brian D., Cressler, Alan, Estes, L. Dwayne, and Hughes, Brittney M.

Subjects
BOTANY, WEEDS, ENDEMIC plants, PLANTS
Abstract

This article discusses noteworthy and/or new additions to the flora of Alabama. These include the common weed Asystasia gangetica, the low-growing weed Heliotropium procumbens and the endemic Stellaria fontinalis. Information is given on common names, characteristics, significance and geographical distribution.

Published
2012
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39. Seasonal variation in surface fuel moisture between unthinned and thinned mixed conifer forest, northern California, USA.

Author

Estes, L. Becky, Knapp, E. Eric, Skinner, N. Carl, and Uzoh, C. C. Fabian

Subjects
FUEL, CONIFERS, FIRES, MICROCLIMATOLOGY, WILDFIRES
Abstract

Reducing stand density is often used as a tool for mitigating the risk of high-intensity crown fires. However, concern has been expressed that opening stands might lead to greater drying of surface fuels, contributing to increased fire risk. The objective of this study was to determine whether woody fuel moisture differed between unthinned and thinned mixed-conifer stands. Sections of logs representing the 1000-and 10 000-h fuel sizes were placed at 72 stations within treatment units in the fall (autumn) of 2007. Following snow-melt in 2008, 10-h fuel sticks were added and all fuels were weighed every 1-2 weeks from May until October. Moisture of the 1000- and 10 000-h fuels peaked at the end of May, and then decreased steadily through the season. Moisture of the 10- and 1000-h fuels did not differ between unthinned and thinned stands at any measurement time. The 10 000-h fuel moisture was significantly less in thinned than unthinned stands only in early to mid-May. Overall, even when fuel moisture varied between treatments, differences were small. The long nearly precipitation-free summers in northern California appear to have a much larger effect on fuel moisture than the amount of canopy cover. Fuel moisture differences resulting from stand thinning would therefore not be expected to substantially influence fire behaviour and effects during times of highest fire danger in this environment. The objective of this study was to compare moisture of different size classes of fuels between unthinned and thinned stands. It has been suggested that thinning treatments reducing canopy cover might lead to greater drying of surface fuels; however, differences in fuel moisture between unthinned and thinned stands were minor and only occurred in the spring, before the main fire season. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2012
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40. EFFECTS OF INSTRUCTIONAL-EXPECTANCY SETS ON RELAXATION TRAINING WITH PRISONERS.

Author

Bassett, John E., Blanchard, Edward B., and Estes, L. Dean

Subjects
RELAXATION for health, TRAINING, MALE prisoners, BEHAVIOR modification, ANXIETY testing, DESENSITIZATION (Psychotherapy), COMMUNITY psychology
Abstract

The effects of expectancy for improvement in relaxation training were examined in a factorial experiment. Relaxation training via audio tape was com- pared with relaxation from a soothing music tape. These two conditions were crossed with three levels of expectancy (high, medium, and low) and the effects measured with three dependent measures of anxiety (A-State, A-Trait, A-Continuum) over three 45-minute training sessions. Results indicated significant anxiety reduction for only the relaxation groups. Although the expectancy manipulation was highly successful as indicated by a manipulation check, the participants' expectancy for improvement was not related to decrements on the anxiety measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1977
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41. Numerical technique for computing the wide-angle acoustic field in an ocean with range-dependent velocity profiles.

Author

Estes, L. E. and Fain, G.

Abstract

A numerical technique for the propagation of sound in the ocean where velocity is a function of both range and depth has been developed. The technique is not restricted to the narrow-angle (parabolic) approximation and it reduces to an exact solution for a homogeneous media. The given field is transformed into a sum of plane waves via an FFT. This transformed field is propagated without approximation through a homogeneous space represented by an average wave number for that space. Updating the average wave number provides for Snell's law bending in range. The variations from the average velocity are accounted for by summing deviations from the nominal phase to develop a group of direction-sensitive phase correction masks. A weighted group of plane waves centered about each direction are inverse transformed for multiplication by the phase mask with the results summed. The choice of overlapping weights in the transformed space provides an approximate continuous phase correction mask for all directions. The functional relationship of range-step size to frequency, angular spectrum, and velocity profiles are developed. Several results for a 1500-m channel are shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1977
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44. Structural organization of the microsomal glutathione S-transferase gene (MGST1) on chromosome 12p13.1-13.2. Identification of the correct promoter region and demonstration of transcriptional regulation in response to oxidative stress.

Author

Kelner, M J, Bagnell, R D, Montoya, M A, Estes, L A, Forsberg, L, and Morgenstern, R

Abstract

The structure and regulation of the microsomal glutathione S-transferase gene (MGST1) are considerably more complex than originally perceived to be. The MGST1 gene has two alternative first exons and is located in the 12p13.1-13.2 region. Two other potential first exons were determined to be nonfunctional. The region between the functional first exons cannot direct transcription. Thus, one common promoter element directing transcription exists, and RNA splicing occurs such that only one of the first exons (containing only untranslated mRNA) is incorporated into each mRNA species with common downstream exons. MGST1 expression and regulation are therefore similar to those of other hepatic xenobiotic handling enzymes, which also produce mRNA species differing only in the 5'-untranslated regions to yield identical proteins. MGST1 was previously considered a "housekeeping" gene, as non-oxidant inducers had little effect on activity. However, the promoter region immediately upstream of the dominant first exon transcriptionally responds to oxidative stress. In this respect, MGST1 is similar to glutathione peroxidases that also transcriptionally respond to oxidative stress. The discovery that MGST1 utilizes alternative first exon splicing eliminates a problem with the first description of MGST1 cDNA in that it appeared that MGST1 expression was in violation of the ribosomal scanning model. The identification that the first exon originally noted is in fact a minor alternative first exon far downstream of the primary first exon eliminates this conundrum.

Published
2000

47. (Hydroxymethyl)acylfulvene:  An Illudin Derivative with Superior Antitumor Properties

Author

McMorris, T. C., Kelner, M. J., Wang, W., Yu, J., Estes, L. A., and Taetle, R.

Abstract

Reaction of the fungal sesquiterpene illudin S with excess paraformaldehyde in dilute H2SO4 gives (hydroxymethyl)acylfulvene. The primary allylic hydroxyl thus formed can undergo very facile replacement by a variety of nucleophiles. (Hydroxymethyl)acylfulvene (MGI.114) was more toxic than a precursor, acylfulvene, but less toxic than the parent compound illudin S to HL 60 cells.

Published
1996

49. Poudre

Author

Estes, L.

Abstract

n/a

Published
1897

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