Search

Background: Diagnosis of periodontal disease for epidemiologic survey is difficult due to complexity of periodontal exam. The aim of this study was to compare data from a full-mouth examination and a partial-mouth examination, observing the agreement between both methods of presenting the Community Periodontal Index (CPI). Methods and Findings: The population comprised of male and female subjects, aged 18 years and over, attending public health centers in the city of Recife, Brazil. A total of 505 patients participated in this study. Each participant completed a form and underwent periodontal examination. Firstly, for each tooth present one of the periodontal conditions was determined: periodontal health, gingival bleeding, dental calculus, shallow periodontal pockets and deep periodontal pockets, according to CPI. Finally, partial data (10 index teeth) was recorded derived from the total version of CPI. Bivariate analysis of frequencies and means was performed. Mc Nemar test was used to calculate the level of statistical significance of the association tested. There are significant statistical differences between partial and full-mouth examination (p

O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar a prevalência de autoavaliação negativa de saúde bucal e fatores associados entre adultos em áreas de assentamento rural. A amostra probabilística consistiu de 557 adultos entre 20 a 59 anos em áreas de assentamento rural no Estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. A variável dependente foi autoavaliação da condição de saúde bucal e as independentes foram: características demográficas, de predisposição/disponibilidade de recursos, comportamentos relacionados à saúde bucal, condições objetivas e subjetivas relacionadas à saúde bucal. Foram estimadas as razões de prevalência bruta e ajustada por meio de regressão de Poisson. A prevalência de autopercepção negativa da saúde bucal foi de 70,5%. A autoavaliação negativa da saúde bucal foi mais prevalente em indivíduos mais jovens, de baixa escolaridade, entre as mulheres, e entre os de cor preta e parda. Os preditores da autoavaliação negativa da saúde bucal foram a cor da pele, a necessidade autorreferida de tratamento odontológico e o impacto das condições de saúde bucal na qualidade de vida.

O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar a prevalência de perdas dentárias e fatores associados em adultos de 20 a 59 anos de idade em áreas rurais do estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. Foi realizado um estudo transversal com uma amostra aleatória de 568 indivíduos. O número de perdas dentárias (< 12 e > 12) foi o desfecho investigado. As variáveis independentes foram: características sociodemográficas, condições subjetivas relacionadas à saúde bucal, impacto da saúde bucal na qualidade de vida através do Oral Health Impact Profile na sua versão reduzida (OHIP-14) e utilização de serviços odontológicos. Foram estimadas as razões de prevalência bruta e ajustada através de regressão de Poisson. A prevalência de pelo menos uma perda dentária entre os indivíduos da amostra foi de 91,4%. Perdas dentárias foram fortemente associadas à faixa etária, à autopercepção da saúde bucal e ao impacto da saúde bucal na qualidade de vida. A alta prevalência de perdas dentárias em adultos em áreas rurais confirma a necessidade de haver uma reorientação dos serviços públicos odontológicos voltados para esse contingente populacional. The scope of this study was to estimate the prevalence of tooth loss and associated factors among Brazilian adults aged 20 to 59 years in rural areas in the state Pernambuco, Brazil. A cross-sectional study was conducted on a random sample of 568 participants. The number of lost teeth (d" 12 and > 12) was the outcome investigated. The independent variables were as follows: sociodemographic characteristics, subjective oral health conditions, impact of oral health on quality of life using the short version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14), and the use of dental services. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios were estimated using a Poisson regression model. The prevalence of subjects with at least one tooth lost was 91.4%. Tooth loss was strongly associated with age group, self-perceived oral health and oral health impact on quality of life. The high prevalence of tooth loss among Brazilian adults in rural areas shows a need for a reorientation of public dental services aimed at this population group.

Aim : The aim of the present study was to determine the occurrence of furcation involvement in the molars of patients with chronic periodontitis and correlate clinical and radiographic findings. Materials and Methods: Seventy subjects aged 35-69 years enrolled for treatment at a periodontics specialization program in Pernambuco, Brazil (EAP-SCDP-ABO/PE) participated in the study, comprising a total of 350 molars examined. The clinical diagnosis of furcation involvement was performed with a horizontal Nabers probe, whereas the radiographic examination was performed with periapical and bite-wing radiographs. The images were analyzed with an X-ray viewer at 3× magnification. The Chi-square test was used, with the level of significance set at 5%. Results: A total of 64.5% individuals presented with furcation involvement, 43.1% of whom had degree II furcation. A significant association (P = 0.0060) was found between tooth type and frequency of furcation involvement. The first lower and upper molars were affected in 64.5 and 58.5% of cases, respectively. Adequate agreement (0.65) was observed between the clinical and radiographic findings. Conclusion: Taking into consideration the method employed and the results obtained, it may be concluded that the clinical and radiographic examinations performed are effective tools for diagnosing furcation involvement in teeth affected with periodontal disease.

Svrha: U istraživanju se željela procijeniti povezanost zadržavanja biofilma i vremena proteklog otkako je postavljen na smolom restaurirane površine prednjih zuba. Metode: Uzorak se sastojao od 120 zuba 40 pacijenata obaju spolova u dobi između 16 i 60 godina. Ukupno je na njima bilo 230 restauriranih površina. Za mjerenje stupnja zadržavanja biofilma i površinske hrapavosti materijala te vrste kaviteta i rubova bili su potrebni indeks zadržavanja plaka i opseg restauracija (PRRI), a procjenjivala su se i vanjska svojstva preparacije kaviteta. Rezultati: Gotovo sve proučavane površine bile su postavljene prije jedne do pet godina. Najčešći PRRI za zadržavanje biofilma je bio II i IV, 83 posto uzoraka imalo je grubu površinu, a 46,5 posto kavitete II. razreda. subgingivno je bilo 62,2 posto rubova, a kod 38,6 posto zabilježen je višak korištenog restaurativnog materijala. Površinska hrapavost restauracije bila je usko povezana sa zadržavanjem biofilma i vremenom postavljanja (oba p, Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate associations of biofilm retention on resin-restored surfaces of anterior teeth with quality and time elapsed since placement. Methods: The study sample comprised 120 teeth with 230 restored surfaces in 40 patients of both sexes aged 16–60 years. The Plaque Retention and Extension in Restoration Index (PRRI) was used to measure the degree of biofilm retention, and the surface roughness of the material, cavity type and margins, and external cavity preparation characteristics were also evaluated. Results: Most surfaces analysed had been placed 1–5 years previously. The most prevalent PRRI biofilm retention scores were III and IV, 83.0% of samples presented surface roughness, 46.5% of cavities were class III, 62.2% of surfaces had subgingival margins, and 38.6% retained excessive restorative material. Surface roughness was significantly associated with the degree of biofilm retention and time elapsed since placement (both p < 0.01). Three external cavity preparation characteristics (over-contouring, lack of restorative material, tooth–restoration interface) were also associated significantly with the time elapsed since placement (all p < 0.05). Conclusion: The time elapsed since the placement of resin restorations influences surface roughness and the degree of biofilm retention.

Resumen pt: Objetivo: Avaliar a condicao periodontal dos pacientes diabeticos tipo 2, relacionando com o controle de marcadores metabolicos. Metodo: Para este estudo...

This study estimated the prevalence of negative self-perception of smile because of occlusion abnormalities and investigated their association according to standard clinical criteria. The sample consisted of 1290 randomly selected Brazilian adolescent boys and girls aged 12-16 years. The outcome of interest was dissatisfaction with smile, and data were collected using a standardized questionnaire. Occlusion characteristics were assessed using the dental aesthetic index (DAI). The other study variables were gender, age, and use of dental services. A chi-square test and Poisson multiple regression were used for statistical analysis. Of the 1290 students interviewed and examined, 539 (41.8 per cent) were dissatisfied with their smile; of these, 373 (69.2 per cent) assigned their dissatisfaction to the presence of an occlusal abnormality, and 166 (30.8 per cent) reported reasons other than occlusal abnormalities for their negative self-perception of their smile. In multivariate analysis, the following variables were associated with the outcome of interest: maxillary anterior irregularity [prevalence ratio (PR) = 1.40; 95 per cent confidence interval (CI) = 1.29-1.80], incisal spacing (PR = 1.37; 95 per cent CI = 1.19-1.57), vertical open bite (PR = 1.34; 95 per cent CI = 1.15-1.55), mandibular anterior irregularity (PR = 1.29; 95 per cent CI = 1.14-1.46), permanent anterior teeth missing (PR = 1.21; 95 per cent CI = 1.05-1.39), and incisal diastema (PR = 1.14; 95 per cent CI = 1.01-1.31). The negative self-perception of smile was statistically associated with severity of occlusal disorders according to the DAI scores, which suggests that self-perception should be used together with standard clinical criteria when decisions about orthodontic treatments are made in public health care systems.

Resumen pt: Objetivo: Avaliar os fatores associados ao impacto das condicoes de saude bucal na vida diaria de idosos assistidos pela Secretaria Municipal de Assisten...

OBJETIVO: avaliar pacientes encaminhados à Associação Brasileira de Odontologia, Seção Pernambuco, para tratamento periodontal, a fim de identificar as anomalias de posição dentária presentes na amostra, bem como verificar se há relação entre essas anomalias e a condição dos tecidos periodontais. MÉTODOS: a amostra foi constituída por 90 indivíduos, com idades de 15 a 69 anos. Inicialmente, cada participante foi submetido à identificação dos tipos de anomalias de posição dentária através de exame de inspeção visual e, posteriormente, à avaliação da condição periodontal, registrada pelos seguintes parâmetros clínicos: sangramento gengival na sondagem, perda de inserção periodontal e profundidade de sondagem. Na análise bivariada utilizou-se o teste Qui-quadrado para calcular o nível de significância das associações testadas. RESULTADOS: foram identificados vários tipos de alterações na posição dentária dos pacientes examinados, sendo os mais significativos: giroversão (86,7%), apinhamento (52,2%) e molar inclinado mesialmente (48,9%). Em todos os participantes foram registradas alterações periodontais relacionadas a essas anomalias: 100% apresentaram sangramento gengival; 67,8%, recessão gengival; 54,4%, hiperplasia gengival e 28,9%, periodontite crônica.Verificou-se associação significativa entre a recessão gengival e as variáveis dente vestibularizado e proclinação excessiva dos incisivos superiores; e entre a periodontite crônica e molar inclinado mesialmente, dentes apinhados, proclinação excessiva dos incisivos superiores e inferiores, e diastema (p

Objective: This study examined the microhardness of tooth enamel exposed to the bleaching agent hydrogen peroxide 35%, with or without calcium in its composition in order to ascertain whether the addition of this substance influences the change in microhardness. Material and methods: The samples were composed of ten intact human third molars, of which three fragments were obtained, so that each fragment from the same tooth was part of a different group. Group B consisted of ten samples, bleached with hydrogen peroxide 35% containing calcium. Group M consisted of ten samples, bleached with hydrogen peroxide at 35% without calcium, and group C (control) consisted of ten samples immersed in artificial saliva. The microhardness was evaluated before the treatment and after three sessions with an interval of seven days between them. Results: In Group B there was an increase of 5.47% in microhardness, considered significant, assigned to the presence of calcium in the bleaching agent. There was a reduction of 2.59% and 0.64% in groups M and C respectively, both considered nonsignificant. Conclusion: It was concluded that the presence of calcium in the whitening gel increases the microhardness of the bleached enamel, providing a remineralization of this substrate.

Drug-induced gingival overgrowth (DIGO) is a significant problem for periodontologists and this side effect is frequently associated with three particular drugs: phenytoin, cyclosporin A and nifedipine. A case report of gingival overgrowth induced by nifedipine in an elderly patient treated with non-surgical periodontal therapy is described. A 75-year-old male with generalised gingival overgrowth reported the problem of oral malodour and significant gingival bleeding. The medical history revealed a controlled hypertensive state and Cerebral Vascular Accident (CVA) 3 years prior to consultation. The diagnosis was gingival overgrowth associated with nifedipine, no other risk factors being identified. The patient had been taking nifedipine for 18 months, but after the consultation with the patient's doctor, nifedipine was suspended, as the hypertension was controlled. Treatment consisted of meticulous oral hygiene instruction, scaling, root surface instrumentation and prophylaxis. Six months after the first intervention, clinical parameters revealed a significant improvement with a considerable reduction in gingival overgrowth, demonstrating the effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy in severe cases of gingival overgrowth. Non-surgical treatment of DIGO is a far less invasive technique than surgical approaches and has demonstrated an impressively positive treatment response. It should therefore be considered as a first treatment option for DIGO.

Com o objetivo de determinar a influência da classe social nas razões clínicas das perdas dentárias na cidade de Maceió, Alagoas, foi realizado um estudo transversal que envolveu 466 indivíduos adultos, com idade entre 18 a 76 anos. Foram coletados dados socioeconômicos e demográficos através de um formulário. O exame clínico determinou a razão pela qual o dente seria extraído e houve registro do CPO-D de todos os pacientes. Os pacientes foram incluídos em classes sociais com base nos dados coletados dos formulários. 54,1% dos indivíduos que participaram da pesquisa eram do sexo feminino, a idade teve média de 33,73 ± 13,68 anos, observou-se que 369 (79,2%) não tinham completado o segundo grau e 385 (82,6) apresentaram renda familiar de até quatro salários mínimos, com média de 3,4 ± 5,4. A principal razão das perdas dos dentes permanentes foi a cárie dentária. Os pacientes apresentaram em média 16,59 ± 6,96 dentes cariados, perdidos ou obturados, a maioria dos pacientes 219 (47,0%) apresentaram CPO-D entre onze a vinte dentes. Observou-se associação estatisticamente significante entre a razão da perda e o grupo social a que pertencia o paciente (P

Com o objetivo de determinar a influência da classe social nas razões clínicas das perdas dentárias na cidade de Maceió, Alagoas, foi realizado um estudo transversal que envolveu 466 indivíduos adultos, com idade entre 18 a 76 anos. Foram coletados dados socioeconômicos e demográficos através de um formulário. O exame clínico determinou a razão pela qual o dente seria extraído e houve registro do CPO-D de todos os pacientes. Os pacientes foram incluídos em classes sociais com base nos dados coletados dos formulários. 54,1% dos indivíduos que participaram da pesquisa eram do sexo feminino, a idade teve média de 33,73 ± 13,68 anos, observou-se que 369 (79,2%) não tinham completado o segundo grau e 385 (82,6) apresentaram renda familiar de até quatro salários mínimos, com média de 3,4 ± 5,4. A principal razão das perdas dos dentes permanentes foi a cárie dentária. Os pacientes apresentaram em média 16,59 ± 6,96 dentes cariados, perdidos ou obturados, a maioria dos pacientes 219 (47,0%) apresentaram CPO-D entre onze a vinte dentes. Observou-se associação estatisticamente significante entre a razão da perda e o grupo social a que pertencia o paciente (PIn order to determine the influence of social class on clinical reasons for tooth loss in Maceió, the Alagoas State capital in Northeast Brazil, a cross-sectional study was conducted of 466 adults whose ages ranged from 18 to 76 years. Socioeconomic and demographic data were collected through a questionnaire. Clinical examinations determined the reason for extracting teeth, recording the DMF-T of all patients, who were divided into social classes on the basis of the data gathered from the questionnaire: 54.1% of the subjects were female with a mean age of 33.73 ± 13.68 years; 369 (79.2%) of them had not completed their secondary education and 385 (82.6%) had family incomes no more than four times the official minimum wage (mean 3.4 ± 5.4). The main reason for the loss of permanent teeth was caries. The patients presented an average of 16.59 ± 6.96 decayed, lost or filled teeth and most of them (219 - 47%) had a DMF-T of 11 to 20 teeth. A statistically significant difference was noted between reasons for tooth loss and social class (P

The scope of this study was to estimate the prevalence of tooth loss and associated factors among Brazilian adults aged 20 to 59 years in rural areas in the state Pernambuco, Brazil. A cross-sectional study was conducted on a random sample of 568 participants. The number of lost teeth (d" 12 and12) was the outcome investigated. The independent variables were as follows: sociodemographic characteristics, subjective oral health conditions, impact of oral health on quality of life using the short version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14), and the use of dental services. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios were estimated using a Poisson regression model. The prevalence of subjects with at least one tooth lost was 91.4%. Tooth loss was strongly associated with age group, self-perceived oral health and oral health impact on quality of life. The high prevalence of tooth loss among Brazilian adults in rural areas shows a need for a reorientation of public dental services aimed at this population group.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the presence of the periodontal pathogens that form the red complex (Tannerella forsythia, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola) and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in patients with chronic periodontitis. The sample consisted of 29 patients with a clinical and radiographic diagnosis of chronic periodontitis based on the criteria of the American Academy of Periodontology (3). Samples for microbiological analysis were collected from the four sites of greatest probing depth in each patient, totaling 116 samples. These samples were processed using conventional polymerase chain reaction, which achieved the following positive results: 46.6% for P. gingivalis, 41.4% for T. forsythia, 33.6% for T. denticola and 27.6% for A. actinomycetemcomitans. P. gingivalis and T. forsythia were more prevalent (p < 0.05) in periodontal pockets ≥ 8 mm. The combinations T. forsythia + P. gingivalis (23.2%) and T. forsythia + P. gingivalis + T. denticola (20.0%) were more frequent in sites with a probing depth ≥ 8 mm. Associations with the simultaneous presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans + P. gingivalis, A. actinomycetemcomitans + T. forsythia, P. gingivalis + T. forsythia and T. forsythia + T. denticola were statistically significant (p < 0.05). It was concluded that the red complex pathogens are related to chronic periodontitis, presenting a higher occurrence in deep periodontal pockets. Moreover, the simultaneous presence of these bacteria in deep sites suggests a symbiotic relationship between these virulent species, favoring, in this way, a further progression of periodontal disease.

The aim of this study was to estimate prevalence of negative self-rated oral health and associated factors among adults in rural settlements. The probabilistic sample consisted of 557 adults 20 to 59 years of age in rural settlements in Pernambuco State, Brazil. The dependent variable was self-rated oral health, with the following independent variables: demographic characteristics, predisposition and availability of resources, oral health-related behavior, objective oral health conditions, and subjective oral health conditions. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios were estimated using a Poisson regression model. Prevalence of negative self-rated oral health was 70.5%. Negative self-rated oral health was associated with younger age, lower schooling, female gender, and black or brown skin color. Predictors of negative self-rated oral health included skin color, self-defined need for dental care, and the impact of oral health problems on quality of life.

The aim of the present investigation was to determine the degree of anxiety and fear in patients treated at the dental school clinics of the Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (Brazil) regarding the different types of treatment offered.The sample was made up of 400 patients from both genders over 18 years of age treated between July and October 2007. Data collection was carried out through the administration of validated questionnaires by a calibrated researcher. The Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) and Gatchel's Scale were used to evaluate the degree of anxiety and fear among the patients.There was a 23.0% prevalence of dental anxiety; 9.5% were very anxious, 13.5% were anxious and 77.0% were not anxious. Women were more anxious than men (20.7% and 11.3%, respectively, P = 0.995). The age group that exhibited the highest prevalence of anxiety was 30 to 39 years (29.3%). Regarding fear, 13.5% felt extreme fear; 30.5% felt moderate fear and 56% felt no fear. Schooling was the only significant socioeconomic factor for both anxiety and fear. In the association between fear and anxiety, 38.9% of the patients with extreme fear were classified as very anxious.The majority of individuals were classified as non-anxious and without fear regarding dental procedures.

Svrha ovog prikaza jest pokazati da nedovoljno znanje iz biomehanike i fiziologije tkiva uključenih u korekcije malokluzije može rezultirati ijatrogenim oštećenjima parodonta. Integracija ortodoncije i parodontologije važna je zato što parodontologija zahtijeva funkcionalni integritet parodontnog tkiva, a ono mora ostati zdravo tijekom ortodontske terapije i nakon njezina završetka., The aim of the present study was to demonstrate that a lack of knowledge on the biomechanics and physiology of tissues involved in the correction of any type of malocclusion can result in iatrogenic alterations in the periodontium. Moreover, the integration of different fields of dentistry, especially orthodontics and periodontics, is of considerable importance, as the former requires the functional integrity of the periodontal tissue. This tissue must also remain healthy throughout treatment as well as following the conclusion of orthodontic therapy.

To determine the impact of periodontal disease on quality of life using the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) 14, simplified version.A cross-sectional study was conducted involving a convenience sample of 401 patients of both sexes aged 19 to 71 years. After diagnoses of periodontal condition, the patients voluntarily completed a form to collect the OHIP-14, as well as socioeconomic and demographic data.Chronic periodontitis was the most prevalent, affecting 227 patients (56.7%). With regard to the impact of periodontal disease on quality of life, functional limitation was the predominant item, affecting 91.5% of the sample. The patients with aggressive periodontitis achieved the highest impact scores. The highest scores on the OHIP-14 index were those of patients with a diagnosis of chronic or aggressive periodontitis. OHIP-14 scores were associated with sex, age, and income (P.001).Functional limitation was the most affected dimension, and impact was significantly associated with age, income, and a diagnosis of periodontal disease.

In order to determine the influence of social class on clinical reasons for tooth loss in Maceió, the Alagoas State capital in Northeast Brazil, a cross-sectional study was conducted of 466 adults whose ages ranged from 18 to 76 years. Socioeconomic and demographic data were collected through a questionnaire. Clinical examinations determined the reason for extracting teeth, recording the DMF-T of all patients, who were divided into social classes on the basis of the data gathered from the questionnaire: 54.1% of the subjects were female with a mean age of 33.73 +/- 13.68 years; 369 (79.2%) of them had not completed their secondary education and 385 (82.6%) had family incomes no more than four times the official minimum wage (mean 3.4 +/- 5.4). The main reason for the loss of permanent teeth was caries. The patients presented an average of 16.59 +/- 6.96 decayed, lost or filled teeth and most of them (219 - 47%) had a DMF-T of 11 to 20 teeth. A statistically significant difference was noted between reasons for tooth loss and social class (P0.001), leading to the conclusion that social class significantly influenced clinical reasons for tooth loss.

To identify the primary reasons for tooth extraction in a Brazilian adult population.Interviews and oral examinations were conducted with 466 subjects aged from 18-76 years in the city of Maceió, Brazil. Frequency distributions, means and medians were calculated and the chi-square test was used to determine the level of significance. A logistic regression model was used to evaluate the variables associated with reasons for tooth extraction.Of the 466 extractions, 295 (63.3%) were due to dental caries, 61 (13.1%) due to periodontal disease, 56 (12.0%) for orthodontic reasons, 32 (6.9%) at the patient's request, 15 (3.2%) for pre-prosthetic reasons, four (0.9%) due to pericoronitis, two (0.4%) due to trauma and one (0.2%) for other reasons. Tooth extraction due to caries and other causes (excluding periodontal disease) shows a significant association with family income, toothache, type of health centre (public or private), educational level (P0.001) and marital status (P = 0.002). The logistic regression model has shown that patients undergoing treatment at a public health centre, those suffering from toothache or with an incomplete secondary education were more likely to lose their teeth due to caries, with educational level as the strongest indicator. For tooth extraction due to periodontal disease and other causes (excluding dental caries) the variables age, family income, type of health centre, tooth types (anterior or posterior), educational level (P0.001) and toothache (P = 0.006) were statistically significant, and age was the only associated variable in the logistic regression model.Dental caries was the main cause of tooth extraction in the study group, following tooth extraction due to periodontal disease.

The objective of the present study was to determine the effect periodontal disease on the bond strength of fiberglass posts, different adhesive systems and resin cements. Ninety human maxillary central incisors roots extracted due to periodontal disease or prosthetic reasons were endodontically treated and divided into six experimental groups: NPD-ARC – no periodontal disease/RelyX ARC and Adper Single Bond 2; NPD-PF – no periodontal disease/Panavia F and ED Primer; NPD-U – no periodontal disease/RelyX U100; PD-ARC – periodontal disease/RelyX ARC and Adper Single Bond 2; PD-PF – periodontal disease/Panavia F and ED Primer; and PD-U – periodontal disease/RelyX U100. Specimens were subjected to push-out test and data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (p = 0.05). The periodontal disease groups showed that the Panavia F/ED Primer group presented no significantly higher mean values compared with RelyX U100, and that both presented significantly higher mean values when compared with RelyX ARC/Single Bond 2 group. These results were also observed in roots with no periodontal disease. There were no differences in bond strength mean values of roots related or not to periodontal disease.