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Resumen Objetivo Establecer las caracteristicas diferenciales segun el sexo y el tiempo de evolucion de la enfermedad en aquellos pacientes diagnosticados de espondilitis anquilosante (EA) asistidos en consultas de reumatologia de toda Espana, incluidos en el Registro Espanol de Espondiloartritis (REGISPONSER), asi como la repercusion diagnostica y terapeutica que ello conlleva. Pacientes y metodos Estudio transversal y observacional de 1.514 pacientes con EA seleccionados de entre 2.367 con espondiloartritis incluidos en REGISPONSER. En cada paciente se evaluaron y registraron de modo exhaustivo los datos demograficos, epidemiologicos, sociosanitarios, clinicos, analiticos, radiologicos y terapeuticos previstos en el protocolo de REGISPONSER que componen el Conjunto Minimo Basico que identifica la enfermedad. La funcion fisica se evaluo mediante «Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index». La actividad clinica mediante velocidad de sedimentacion globular, proteina C reactiva y «Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index» (BASDAI). A cada paciente se le realizaron radiografias anteroposterior de pelvis, anteroposterior y lateral de columna lumbar y lateral de columna cervical, y se puntuaron segun el indice «Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Radiographic Index Spine» (BASRI-Spine), que mide el dano estructural. Resultados De los 1.514 pacientes seleccionados, 1.131 (74.7%) eran hombres. Encontramos que existen diferencias significativas en la edad tanto al inicio de los sintomas como en el dia de la inclusion entre ambos grupos, siendo menor en los hombres. Tambien obtuvimos diferencias en el tiempo de evolucion de la enfermedad, que fue menor en el grupo de las mujeres. En cuanto a la existencia de antecedentes de EA entre los familiares de primer grado, las formas familiares fueron mas frecuentes entre las mujeres, tambien resulto superior en estas la puntuacion media del BASDAI, con independencia del tiempo de evolucion. Por el contrario, la mejoria del dolor con la toma de antiinflamatorios no esteroideos fue mayor en el caso de los hombres, asi como la severidad radiologica, ambas de forma significativa. Conclusiones Entre los pacientes con EA espanoles existen algunas diferencias en las manifestaciones clinicas y cuando se controlo segun el tiempo de evolucion, tambien encontramos diferencias radiologicas segun el sexo; los hombres muestran mas dano estructural, mientras que las mujeres presentan mayor actividad. Estos datos sugieren que el fenotipo de EA difiere entre generos, lo que puede influir en el manejo diagnostico y posterior eleccion terapeutica.

To describe the differential characteristics by gender and time since disease onset in patients diagnosed with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) attending the Spanish rheumatology clinics, including those on the "Spanish Registry of spondyloarthritis" (REGISPONSER), as well as the diagnostic and therapeutic implications that this entails.This is a transversal and observational study of 1514 patients with AS selected from 2367 spondyloarthritis cases included in REGISPONSER. For each patient, the demographics, epidemiology, geriatric, clinical, laboratory, radiological, and therapeutic aspects were were evaluated and comprehensively recorded under the aegis of REGISPONSER, constituting the Minimum Basic identifying data for the disease. Physical function was assessed by Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI). Clinical activity was evaluated using erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C reactive protein and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI). Each patient underwent pelvic anteroposterior, anteroposterior and lateral lumbar spine as well as lateral cervical spine x rays; they were scored according to the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Spine Radiographic Index, which measures structural damage.Of the 1514 patients screened, 1131 (74.7%) were men. We found significant differences in age at onset of symptoms as well as in the day of inclusion, between the two groups, being lower in men. We also obtained differences in the duration of the disease, which was lower in women. As for the existence of a history of AS among first-degree relatives, family forms were more common among women. The mean BASDAI score was also higher in women, regardless of time since onset of disease. In contrast, the improvement of pain with the use of NSAID's and radiological severity were higher in men, both reaching statistical significance.Among the Spanish AS patients, there are some differences in the clinical manifestations, even when the time since onset of disease was controlled; we also found radiological differences by gender; men showing more structural damage, while women were more active. These data suggest that the phenotype of AS differs between genders. This can influence the subsequent diagnostic approach and therapeutic decisions.