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1. Western and Traditional Educational Background of Midwives and Delivery Pain Control among Women in Cross River State, Nigeria

Author

Oyira, Emilia James, Emon, Umoe Duke, Essien, N. C., and Ekpenyong, Affiong Onoyom

Abstract

This study sought to investigate western and traditional educational background of midwives with regard to their effectiveness in delivery pain control in Cross River State-Nigeria. To achieve this purpose, two null hypotheses were formulated to guide the investigation. The study adopted the survey design. The sample consisted of 360 post-natal women selected from a population of 78,814 through the polio immunization registers of selected health centers. Accidental sampling technique was used to select the respondents. The instrument used for collecting data for the study was a 36-item questionnaire. Independent t-test and contingency chi-square were used in testing the null hypotheses. The result showed that women delivered by traditional midwives have more positive control of delivery pain caused by attitude of midwives than their counterparts who delivered by the western midwives; On the basis of these finding it was concluded that western midwives are actually different from their counterparts. All what they need is workshops, seminar, conferences during ante-natal period to acquaint the traditional midwives with delivery related activities and procedures. It was also recommended that the traditional midwives should be given adequate western training retain so that they can face the society and avoid further complications. Government should also continue to train more midwives to avoid negative attitudes towards their clients.

Published
2015

6. Land cover accuracy assessment in Okitipupa, Ondo State, Nigeria; application of atmospheric correction and machine learning algorithms

Author

Aigbokhan, O. J., Ofordu, C. S., Essien, N. E., and MbaEssien, N. C.

Subjects
Accuracy assessment, Contrast ratio, Operational Land Imager, Pattern curve, Spectral Hypercubes
Abstract

The interaction of solar radiation with the atmosphere causes changes in the solar radiation that the Earth's surface reflects satellite sensors. Therefore, by eliminating air influences from satellite images, applying an atmospheric correction aid in determining genuine surface reflectance values and retrieving physical properties of the Earth's surface, including surface reflectance. Perhaps the most crucial step in pre-processing data from satellites that have been remotely detected is atmospheric correction. Here, we assessed Okitipupa, Ondo State, Nigeria's land cover classification using Landsat 8 image. The acquired Landsat image was subjected to Quick Atmospheric Correction (QUAC), Dark Object Subtraction (DOS), and Fast Line-of-sight Atmospheric Analysis of Spectral Hypercubes (FLAASH) algorithm. The corrected image was applied to create the land cover classification using random forest (RF) and support vector machine (SVM) techniques. Four different classes were used in this study: built-up, shrubs, vegetation, and wetland/river. The land cover classification accuracy was in the following order: 0.98 and 0.96 > 0.97 and 0.95 for SVM_FLAASH and SVM_QUAC. This was followed by SVM_QUAC with an overall accuracy of 0.97 and a kappa coefficient of 0.95. Quick Atmospheric Correction (QUAC), Dark Object Subtraction (DOS), and Fast Line-of- Sight Atmospheric Analysis of Spectral Hypercubes are the three atmospheric correction algorithms (FLAASH).

Published
2022

8. A Global Survey on Changes in the Supply, Price, and Use of Illicit Drugs and Alcohol, and Related Complications During the 2020 COVID-19 Pandemic

Author

Farhoudian, A, Radfar, S, Ardabili, H, Rafei, P, Ebrahimi, M, Zonoozi, A, De Jong, C, Vahidi, M, Yunesian, M, Kouimtsidis, C, Arunogiri, S, Hansen, H, Brady, K, Potenza, M, Baldacchino, A, Ekhtiari, H, Abagiu, A, Abouna, F, Ahmed, M, Al-Ansari, B, Al-Khair, F, Almaqbali, M, Ambekar, A, Arya, S, Asebikan, V, Ayasreh, M, Basu, D, Benmebarek, Z, Bhad, R, Blaise, M, Bonnet, N, Brasch, J, Broers, B, Busse, A, Butner, J, Camilleri, M, Campello, G, Carra, G, Celic, I, Chalabianloo, F, Chaturvedi, A, Cherpitel, J, Clark, K, Cyders, M, de Bernardis, E, Deilamizade, A, Derry, J, Dhagudu, N, Dolezalova, P, Dom, G, Dunlop, A, Elhabiby, M, Elkholy, H, Essien, N, Farah, G, Ferri, M, Floros, G, Friedman, C, Fuderanan, C, Gerra, G, Ghosh, A, Gogia, M, Grammatikopoulos, I, Grandinetti, P, Guirguis, A, Gutnisky, D, Haber, P, Hassani-Abharian, P, Hooshyari, Z, Ibrahim, I, Ieong, H, Indradewi, R, Iskandar, S, Isra, T, Jain, S, James, S, Javadi, S, Joe, K, Jokubonis, D, Jovanova, A, Kamal, R, Kantchelov, A, Kathiresan, P, Katzman, G, Kawale, P, Kern, A, Kessler, F, Kim, S, Kimball, A, Kljucevic, Z, Kurniasanti, K, Lev, R, Lee, H, Lengvenyte, A, Lev-Ran, S, Mabelya, G, Mahi, M, Maphisa, J, Maremmani, I, Masferrer, L, Massah, O, Mccambridge, O, Mcgovern, G, Min, A, Moghanibashi-Mansourieh, A, Mora-Rios, J, Mudalige, I, Mukherjee, D, Munira, P, Myers, B, Menon, T, Narasimha, V, Ndionuka, N, Nejatisafa, A, Niaz, K, Nizami, A, Nuijens, J, Orsolini, L, Oum, V, Oyemade, A, Palavra, I, Pant, S, Paredes, J, Peyron, E, Quiros, R, Qurishi, R, Rafiq, N, Raghavendra Rao, R, Ratta-Apha, W, Raymond, K, Reimer, J, Renaldo, E, Rezapour, T, Robertson, J, Roncero, C, Roub, F, Rubenstein, E, Rupp, C, Saenz, E, Salehi, M, Samartzis, L, Sarubbo, L, Segrec, N, Shah, B, Shen, H, Shirasaka, T, Shoptaw, S, Sintango, F, Sosa, V, Subata, E, Sztycberg, N, Taghizadeh, F, Wee Teck, J, Tjagvad, C, Torrens, M, Twala, J, Vadivel, R, Volpicelli, J, Weijs, J, Wintoniw, S, Wittayanookulluk, A, Wojnar, M, Yasir, S, Yitayih, Y, Zhao, M, Farhoudian A., Radfar S. R., Ardabili H. M., Rafei P., Ebrahimi M., Zonoozi A. K., De Jong C. A. J., Vahidi M., Yunesian M., Kouimtsidis C., Arunogiri S., Hansen H., Brady K. T., Potenza M. N., Baldacchino A. M., Ekhtiari H., Abagiu A. O., Abouna F. D. N., Ahmed M. H., Al-Ansari B., Al-Khair F. M. A., Almaqbali M. H., Ambekar A., Arya S., Asebikan V. O., Ayasreh M. A., Basu D., Benmebarek Z., Bhad R., Blaise M., Bonnet N., Brasch J., Broers B., Busse A., Butner J. L., Camilleri M., Campello G., Carra G., Celic I., Chalabianloo F., Chaturvedi A., Cherpitel J. J. E. N., Clark K. J., Cyders M. A., de Bernardis E., Deilamizade A., Derry J. E., Dhagudu N. K., Dolezalova P., Dom G., Dunlop A. J., Elhabiby M. M., Elkholy H., Essien N. F., Farah G. I., Ferri M., Floros G. D., Friedman C., Fuderanan C. H., Gerra G., Ghosh A., Gogia M., Grammatikopoulos I. A., Grandinetti P., Guirguis A., Gutnisky D., Haber P. S., Hassani-Abharian P., Hooshyari Z., Ibrahim I. I. M., Ieong H. F. -H., Indradewi R. N., Iskandar S., Isra T. N., Jain S., James S., Javadi S. M. H., Joe K. H., Jokubonis D., Jovanova A. T., Kamal R. M., Kantchelov A. I., Kathiresan P., Katzman G., Kawale P., Kern A. M., Kessler F. H. P., Kim S. -G. S., Kimball A. M., Kljucevic Z., Kurniasanti K. S., Lev R., Lee H. K., Lengvenyte A., Lev-Ran S., Mabelya G. S., Mahi M. A. E., Maphisa J. M., Maremmani I., Masferrer L., Massah O., McCambridge O., McGovern G. G., Min A. K., Moghanibashi-Mansourieh A., Mora-Rios J., Mudalige I. U. K., Mukherjee D., Munira P. M., Myers B., Menon T. N. J., Narasimha V. L., Ndionuka N., Nejatisafa A. -A., Niaz K., Nizami A. T., Nuijens J. H., Orsolini L., Oum V., Oyemade A. A., Palavra I. R., Pant S. B., Paredes J., Peyron E., Quiros R. A., Qurishi R., Rafiq N. U. Z., Raghavendra Rao R., Ratta-Apha W., Raymond K. -L., Reimer J., Renaldo E., Rezapour T., Robertson J. R., Roncero C., Roub F., Rubenstein E. J., Rupp C. I., Saenz E., Salehi M., Samartzis L., Sarubbo L. B., Segrec N., Shah B., Shen H., Shirasaka T., Shoptaw S., Sintango F. M., Sosa V. A., Subata E., Sztycberg N., Taghizadeh F., Wee Teck J. B. T., Tjagvad C., Torrens M., Twala J. M., Vadivel R., Volpicelli J. R., Weijs J., Wintoniw S. M., Wittayanookulluk A., Wojnar M., Yasir S., Yitayih Y., Zhao M., Farhoudian, A, Radfar, S, Ardabili, H, Rafei, P, Ebrahimi, M, Zonoozi, A, De Jong, C, Vahidi, M, Yunesian, M, Kouimtsidis, C, Arunogiri, S, Hansen, H, Brady, K, Potenza, M, Baldacchino, A, Ekhtiari, H, Abagiu, A, Abouna, F, Ahmed, M, Al-Ansari, B, Al-Khair, F, Almaqbali, M, Ambekar, A, Arya, S, Asebikan, V, Ayasreh, M, Basu, D, Benmebarek, Z, Bhad, R, Blaise, M, Bonnet, N, Brasch, J, Broers, B, Busse, A, Butner, J, Camilleri, M, Campello, G, Carra, G, Celic, I, Chalabianloo, F, Chaturvedi, A, Cherpitel, J, Clark, K, Cyders, M, de Bernardis, E, Deilamizade, A, Derry, J, Dhagudu, N, Dolezalova, P, Dom, G, Dunlop, A, Elhabiby, M, Elkholy, H, Essien, N, Farah, G, Ferri, M, Floros, G, Friedman, C, Fuderanan, C, Gerra, G, Ghosh, A, Gogia, M, Grammatikopoulos, I, Grandinetti, P, Guirguis, A, Gutnisky, D, Haber, P, Hassani-Abharian, P, Hooshyari, Z, Ibrahim, I, Ieong, H, Indradewi, R, Iskandar, S, Isra, T, Jain, S, James, S, Javadi, S, Joe, K, Jokubonis, D, Jovanova, A, Kamal, R, Kantchelov, A, Kathiresan, P, Katzman, G, Kawale, P, Kern, A, Kessler, F, Kim, S, Kimball, A, Kljucevic, Z, Kurniasanti, K, Lev, R, Lee, H, Lengvenyte, A, Lev-Ran, S, Mabelya, G, Mahi, M, Maphisa, J, Maremmani, I, Masferrer, L, Massah, O, Mccambridge, O, Mcgovern, G, Min, A, Moghanibashi-Mansourieh, A, Mora-Rios, J, Mudalige, I, Mukherjee, D, Munira, P, Myers, B, Menon, T, Narasimha, V, Ndionuka, N, Nejatisafa, A, Niaz, K, Nizami, A, Nuijens, J, Orsolini, L, Oum, V, Oyemade, A, Palavra, I, Pant, S, Paredes, J, Peyron, E, Quiros, R, Qurishi, R, Rafiq, N, Raghavendra Rao, R, Ratta-Apha, W, Raymond, K, Reimer, J, Renaldo, E, Rezapour, T, Robertson, J, Roncero, C, Roub, F, Rubenstein, E, Rupp, C, Saenz, E, Salehi, M, Samartzis, L, Sarubbo, L, Segrec, N, Shah, B, Shen, H, Shirasaka, T, Shoptaw, S, Sintango, F, Sosa, V, Subata, E, Sztycberg, N, Taghizadeh, F, Wee Teck, J, Tjagvad, C, Torrens, M, Twala, J, Vadivel, R, Volpicelli, J, Weijs, J, Wintoniw, S, Wittayanookulluk, A, Wojnar, M, Yasir, S, Yitayih, Y, Zhao, M, Farhoudian A., Radfar S. R., Ardabili H. M., Rafei P., Ebrahimi M., Zonoozi A. K., De Jong C. A. J., Vahidi M., Yunesian M., Kouimtsidis C., Arunogiri S., Hansen H., Brady K. T., Potenza M. N., Baldacchino A. M., Ekhtiari H., Abagiu A. O., Abouna F. D. N., Ahmed M. H., Al-Ansari B., Al-Khair F. M. A., Almaqbali M. H., Ambekar A., Arya S., Asebikan V. O., Ayasreh M. A., Basu D., Benmebarek Z., Bhad R., Blaise M., Bonnet N., Brasch J., Broers B., Busse A., Butner J. L., Camilleri M., Campello G., Carra G., Celic I., Chalabianloo F., Chaturvedi A., Cherpitel J. J. E. N., Clark K. J., Cyders M. A., de Bernardis E., Deilamizade A., Derry J. E., Dhagudu N. K., Dolezalova P., Dom G., Dunlop A. J., Elhabiby M. M., Elkholy H., Essien N. F., Farah G. I., Ferri M., Floros G. D., Friedman C., Fuderanan C. H., Gerra G., Ghosh A., Gogia M., Grammatikopoulos I. A., Grandinetti P., Guirguis A., Gutnisky D., Haber P. S., Hassani-Abharian P., Hooshyari Z., Ibrahim I. I. M., Ieong H. F. -H., Indradewi R. N., Iskandar S., Isra T. N., Jain S., James S., Javadi S. M. H., Joe K. H., Jokubonis D., Jovanova A. T., Kamal R. M., Kantchelov A. I., Kathiresan P., Katzman G., Kawale P., Kern A. M., Kessler F. H. P., Kim S. -G. S., Kimball A. M., Kljucevic Z., Kurniasanti K. S., Lev R., Lee H. K., Lengvenyte A., Lev-Ran S., Mabelya G. S., Mahi M. A. E., Maphisa J. M., Maremmani I., Masferrer L., Massah O., McCambridge O., McGovern G. G., Min A. K., Moghanibashi-Mansourieh A., Mora-Rios J., Mudalige I. U. K., Mukherjee D., Munira P. M., Myers B., Menon T. N. J., Narasimha V. L., Ndionuka N., Nejatisafa A. -A., Niaz K., Nizami A. T., Nuijens J. H., Orsolini L., Oum V., Oyemade A. A., Palavra I. R., Pant S. B., Paredes J., Peyron E., Quiros R. A., Qurishi R., Rafiq N. U. Z., Raghavendra Rao R., Ratta-Apha W., Raymond K. -L., Reimer J., Renaldo E., Rezapour T., Robertson J. R., Roncero C., Roub F., Rubenstein E. J., Rupp C. I., Saenz E., Salehi M., Samartzis L., Sarubbo L. B., Segrec N., Shah B., Shen H., Shirasaka T., Shoptaw S., Sintango F. M., Sosa V. A., Subata E., Sztycberg N., Taghizadeh F., Wee Teck J. B. T., Tjagvad C., Torrens M., Twala J. M., Vadivel R., Volpicelli J. R., Weijs J., Wintoniw S. M., Wittayanookulluk A., Wojnar M., Yasir S., Yitayih Y., and Zhao M.

Abstract

Background and Aims: COVID-19 has infected more than 77 million people worldwide and impacted the lives of many more, with a particularly devastating impact on vulnerable populations, including people with substance use disorders (SUDs). Quarantines, travel bans, regulatory changes, social distancing, and “lockdown” measures have affected drug and alcohol supply chains and subsequently their availability, price, and use patterns, with possible downstream effects on presentations of SUDs and demand for treatment. Given the lack of multicentric epidemiologic studies, we conducted a rapid global survey within the International Society of Addiction Medicine (ISAM) network in order to understand the status of substance-use patterns during the current pandemic. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting: Worldwide. Participants: Starting on April 4, 2020 during a 5-week period, the survey received 185 responses from 77 countries. Measurements: To assess addiction medicine professionals' perceived changes in drug and alcohol supply, price, use pattern, and related complications during the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings: Participants reported (among who answered “decreased” or “increased”) a decrease in drug supply (69.0%) and at the same time an increase in price (95.3%) globally. With respect to changes in use patterns, an increase in alcohol (71.7%), cannabis (63.0%), prescription opioids (70.9%), and sedative/hypnotics (84.6%) use was reported, while the use of amphetamines (59.7%), cocaine (67.5%), and opiates (58.2%) was reported to decrease overall. Conclusions: The global report on changes in the availability, use patterns, and complications of alcohol and drugs during the COVID-19 pandemic should be considered in making new policies and in developing mitigating measures and guidelines during the current pandemic (and probable future ones) in order to minimize risks to people with SUD.

Published
2021

9. Reorganization of Substance Use Treatment and Harm Reduction Services During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Global Survey

Author

Radfar, S, De Jong, C, Farhoudian, A, Ebrahimi, M, Rafei, P, Vahidi, M, Yunesian, M, Kouimtsidis, C, Arunogiri, S, Massah, O, Deylamizadeh, A, Brady, K, Busse, A, Potenza, M, Ekhtiari, H, Baldacchino, A, Abagiu, A, Abouna, F, Ahmed, M, Al-ansari, B, Mahmmoud Abu Al-khair, F, Almaqbali, M, Ambekar, A, Ardabili, H, Arya, S, Lasebikan, V, Ayasreh, M, Basu, D, Benmebarek, Z, Bhad, R, Blaise, M, Bonnet, N, Brasch, J, Broers, B, Butner, J, Camilleri, M, Campello, G, Carra, G, Celic, I, Chalabianloo, F, Chaturvedi, A, de Jesus Eduardo Noyola Cherpitel, J, Clark, K, Cyders, M, de Bernardis, E, Derry, J, Dhagudu, N, Dolezalova, P, Dom, G, Dunlop, A, Elhabiby, M, Elkholy, H, Essien, N, Farah, G, Ferri, M, Floros, G, Friedman, C, Fuderanan, C, Gerra, G, Ghosh, A, Gogia, M, Grammatikopoulos, I, Grandinetti, P, Guirguis, A, Gutnisky, D, Haber, P, Hassani-Abharian, P, Hooshyari, Z, Ibrahim, I, Ieong, H, Indradewi, R, Iskandar, S, Jain, S, James, S, Javadi, S, Joe, K, Jokubonis, D, Jovanova, A, Kamal, R, Kantchelov, A, Kathiresan, P, Katzman, G, Kawale, P, Kern, A, Kessler, F, Kim, S, Kimball, A, Kljucevic, Z, Siste, K, Lev, R, Lee, H, Lengvenyte, A, Lev-ran, S, Mabelya, G, Mahi, M, Maphisa, J, Maremmani, I, Masferrer, L, Mccambridge, O, Mcgovern, G, Min, A, Moghanibashi-Mansourieh, A, Mora-Rios, J, Mudalige, I, Mukherjee, D, Munira, P, Myers, B, Menon T N, J, Narasimha, V, Ndionuka, N, Nejatisafa, A, Niaz, K, Nizami, A, Nuijens, J, Orsolini, L, Oum, V, Oyemade, A, Palavra, I, Pant, S, Paredes, J, Peyron, E, Alberto Quiros, R, Qurishi, R, Rafiq, N, Rao, R, Ratta-apha, W, Raymond, K, Reimer, J, Renaldo, E, Rezapour, T, Robertson, J, Roncero, C, Roub, F, Rubenstein, E, Rupp, C, Saenz, E, Salehi, M, Samartzis, L, Sarubbo, L, Segrec, N, Shah, B, Shen, H, Shirasaka, T, Shoptaw, S, Sintango, F, Sosa, V, Subata, E, Sztycberg, N, Taghizadeh, F, Teck, J, Tjagvad, C, Torrens, M, Twala, J, Vadivel, R, Volpicelli, J, Weijs, J, Wintoniw, S, Wittayanookulluk, A, Wojnar, M, Yasir, S, Yitayih, Y, Zhao, M, Zonoozi, A, Radfar S. R., De Jong C. A. J., Farhoudian A., Ebrahimi M., Rafei P., Vahidi M., Yunesian M., Kouimtsidis C., Arunogiri S., Massah O., Deylamizadeh A., Brady K. T., Busse A., Potenza M. N., Ekhtiari H., Baldacchino A. M., Abagiu A. O., Abouna F. D. N., Ahmed M. H., Al-ansari B., Mahmmoud Abu Al-khair F., Almaqbali M. H., Ambekar A., Ardabili H. M., Arya S., Lasebikan V. O., Ayasreh M. A., Basu D., Benmebarek Z., Bhad R., Blaise M., Bonnet N., Brasch J., Broers B., Butner J. L., Camilleri M., Campello G., Carra G., Celic I., Chalabianloo F., Chaturvedi A., de Jesus Eduardo Noyola Cherpitel J., Clark K. J., Cyders M. A., de Bernardis E., Derry J. E., Dhagudu N. K., Dolezalova P., Dom G., Dunlop A. J., Elhabiby M. M., Elkholy H., Essien N. F., Farah G. I., Ferri M., Floros G. D., Friedman C., Fuderanan C. H., Gerra G., Ghosh A., Gogia M., Grammatikopoulos I. A., Grandinetti P., Guirguis A., Gutnisky D., Haber P. S., Hassani-Abharian P., Hooshyari Z., Ibrahim I. I. M., Ieong H., Indradewi R. N., Iskandar S., Jain S., James S., Javadi S. M. H., Joe K. H., Jokubonis D., Jovanova A. T., Kamal R. M., Kantchelov A. I., Kathiresan P., Katzman G., Kawale P., Kern A. M., Kessler F. H. P., Kim S., Kimball A. M., Kljucevic Z., Siste K., Lev R., Lee H. K., Lengvenyte A., Lev-ran S., Mabelya G. S., Mahi M. A. E., Maphisa J., Maremmani I., Masferrer L., McCambridge O., McGovern G. G., Min A. K., Moghanibashi-Mansourieh A., Mora-Rios J., Mudalige I. U. K., Mukherjee D., Munira P. M., Myers B., Menon T N J., Narasimha V. L., Ndionuka N., Nejatisafa A., Niaz K., Nizami A. T., Nuijens J. H., Orsolini L., Oum V., Oyemade A. A., Palavra I. R., Pant S. B., Paredes J., Peyron E., Alberto Quiros R., Qurishi R., Rafiq N. U. Z., Rao R. R., Ratta-apha W., Raymond K., Reimer J., Renaldo E., Rezapour T., Robertson J. R., Roncero C., Roub F., Rubenstein E. J., Rupp C. I., Saenz E., Salehi M., Samartzis L., Sarubbo L. B., Segrec N., Shah B., Shen H., Shirasaka T., Shoptaw S., Sintango F. M., Sosa V. A., Subata E., Sztycberg N., Taghizadeh F., Teck J., Tjagvad C., Torrens M., Twala J. M., Vadivel R., Volpicelli J. R., Weijs J., Wintoniw S. M., Wittayanookulluk A., Wojnar M., Yasir S., Yitayih Y., Zhao M., Zonoozi A. K., Radfar, S, De Jong, C, Farhoudian, A, Ebrahimi, M, Rafei, P, Vahidi, M, Yunesian, M, Kouimtsidis, C, Arunogiri, S, Massah, O, Deylamizadeh, A, Brady, K, Busse, A, Potenza, M, Ekhtiari, H, Baldacchino, A, Abagiu, A, Abouna, F, Ahmed, M, Al-ansari, B, Mahmmoud Abu Al-khair, F, Almaqbali, M, Ambekar, A, Ardabili, H, Arya, S, Lasebikan, V, Ayasreh, M, Basu, D, Benmebarek, Z, Bhad, R, Blaise, M, Bonnet, N, Brasch, J, Broers, B, Butner, J, Camilleri, M, Campello, G, Carra, G, Celic, I, Chalabianloo, F, Chaturvedi, A, de Jesus Eduardo Noyola Cherpitel, J, Clark, K, Cyders, M, de Bernardis, E, Derry, J, Dhagudu, N, Dolezalova, P, Dom, G, Dunlop, A, Elhabiby, M, Elkholy, H, Essien, N, Farah, G, Ferri, M, Floros, G, Friedman, C, Fuderanan, C, Gerra, G, Ghosh, A, Gogia, M, Grammatikopoulos, I, Grandinetti, P, Guirguis, A, Gutnisky, D, Haber, P, Hassani-Abharian, P, Hooshyari, Z, Ibrahim, I, Ieong, H, Indradewi, R, Iskandar, S, Jain, S, James, S, Javadi, S, Joe, K, Jokubonis, D, Jovanova, A, Kamal, R, Kantchelov, A, Kathiresan, P, Katzman, G, Kawale, P, Kern, A, Kessler, F, Kim, S, Kimball, A, Kljucevic, Z, Siste, K, Lev, R, Lee, H, Lengvenyte, A, Lev-ran, S, Mabelya, G, Mahi, M, Maphisa, J, Maremmani, I, Masferrer, L, Mccambridge, O, Mcgovern, G, Min, A, Moghanibashi-Mansourieh, A, Mora-Rios, J, Mudalige, I, Mukherjee, D, Munira, P, Myers, B, Menon T N, J, Narasimha, V, Ndionuka, N, Nejatisafa, A, Niaz, K, Nizami, A, Nuijens, J, Orsolini, L, Oum, V, Oyemade, A, Palavra, I, Pant, S, Paredes, J, Peyron, E, Alberto Quiros, R, Qurishi, R, Rafiq, N, Rao, R, Ratta-apha, W, Raymond, K, Reimer, J, Renaldo, E, Rezapour, T, Robertson, J, Roncero, C, Roub, F, Rubenstein, E, Rupp, C, Saenz, E, Salehi, M, Samartzis, L, Sarubbo, L, Segrec, N, Shah, B, Shen, H, Shirasaka, T, Shoptaw, S, Sintango, F, Sosa, V, Subata, E, Sztycberg, N, Taghizadeh, F, Teck, J, Tjagvad, C, Torrens, M, Twala, J, Vadivel, R, Volpicelli, J, Weijs, J, Wintoniw, S, Wittayanookulluk, A, Wojnar, M, Yasir, S, Yitayih, Y, Zhao, M, Zonoozi, A, Radfar S. R., De Jong C. A. J., Farhoudian A., Ebrahimi M., Rafei P., Vahidi M., Yunesian M., Kouimtsidis C., Arunogiri S., Massah O., Deylamizadeh A., Brady K. T., Busse A., Potenza M. N., Ekhtiari H., Baldacchino A. M., Abagiu A. O., Abouna F. D. N., Ahmed M. H., Al-ansari B., Mahmmoud Abu Al-khair F., Almaqbali M. H., Ambekar A., Ardabili H. M., Arya S., Lasebikan V. O., Ayasreh M. A., Basu D., Benmebarek Z., Bhad R., Blaise M., Bonnet N., Brasch J., Broers B., Butner J. L., Camilleri M., Campello G., Carra G., Celic I., Chalabianloo F., Chaturvedi A., de Jesus Eduardo Noyola Cherpitel J., Clark K. J., Cyders M. A., de Bernardis E., Derry J. E., Dhagudu N. K., Dolezalova P., Dom G., Dunlop A. J., Elhabiby M. M., Elkholy H., Essien N. F., Farah G. I., Ferri M., Floros G. D., Friedman C., Fuderanan C. H., Gerra G., Ghosh A., Gogia M., Grammatikopoulos I. A., Grandinetti P., Guirguis A., Gutnisky D., Haber P. S., Hassani-Abharian P., Hooshyari Z., Ibrahim I. I. M., Ieong H., Indradewi R. N., Iskandar S., Jain S., James S., Javadi S. M. H., Joe K. H., Jokubonis D., Jovanova A. T., Kamal R. M., Kantchelov A. I., Kathiresan P., Katzman G., Kawale P., Kern A. M., Kessler F. H. P., Kim S., Kimball A. M., Kljucevic Z., Siste K., Lev R., Lee H. K., Lengvenyte A., Lev-ran S., Mabelya G. S., Mahi M. A. E., Maphisa J., Maremmani I., Masferrer L., McCambridge O., McGovern G. G., Min A. K., Moghanibashi-Mansourieh A., Mora-Rios J., Mudalige I. U. K., Mukherjee D., Munira P. M., Myers B., Menon T N J., Narasimha V. L., Ndionuka N., Nejatisafa A., Niaz K., Nizami A. T., Nuijens J. H., Orsolini L., Oum V., Oyemade A. A., Palavra I. R., Pant S. B., Paredes J., Peyron E., Alberto Quiros R., Qurishi R., Rafiq N. U. Z., Rao R. R., Ratta-apha W., Raymond K., Reimer J., Renaldo E., Rezapour T., Robertson J. R., Roncero C., Roub F., Rubenstein E. J., Rupp C. I., Saenz E., Salehi M., Samartzis L., Sarubbo L. B., Segrec N., Shah B., Shen H., Shirasaka T., Shoptaw S., Sintango F. M., Sosa V. A., Subata E., Sztycberg N., Taghizadeh F., Teck J., Tjagvad C., Torrens M., Twala J. M., Vadivel R., Volpicelli J. R., Weijs J., Wintoniw S. M., Wittayanookulluk A., Wojnar M., Yasir S., Yitayih Y., Zhao M., and Zonoozi A. K.

Abstract

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted people with substance use disorders (SUDs) worldwide, and healthcare systems have reorganized their services in response to the pandemic. Methods: One week after the announcement of the COVID-19 as a pandemic, in a global survey, 177 addiction medicine professionals described COVID-19-related health responses in their own 77 countries in terms of SUD treatment and harm reduction services. The health responses were categorized around (1) managerial measures and systems, (2) logistics, (3) service providers, and (4) vulnerable groups. Results: Respondents from over 88% of countries reported that core medical and psychiatric care for SUDs had continued; however, only 56% of countries reported having had any business continuity plan, and 37.5% of countries reported shortages of methadone or buprenorphine supplies. Participants of 41% of countries reported partial discontinuation of harm-reduction services such as needle and syringe programs and condom distribution. Fifty-seven percent of overdose prevention interventions and 81% of outreach services were also negatively impacted. Conclusions: Participants reported that SUD treatment and harm-reduction services had been significantly impacted globally early during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on our findings, we highlight several issues and complications resulting from the pandemic concerning people with SUDs that should be tackled more efficiently during the future waves or similar pandemics. The issues and potential strategies comprise the following: (1) helping policymakers to generate business continuity plans, (2) maintaining the use of evidence-based interventions for people with SUDs, (3) being prepared for adequate medication supplies, (4) integrating harm reduction programs with other treatment modalities, and (5) having specific considerations for vulnerable groups such as immigrants and refugees.

Published
2021

11. THE EFFECTS OF EMIGRATION AND REMITTANCE ON FOOD SECURITY STATUS OF FARMING HOUSEHOLDS IN EDO STATE, NIGERIA

Author

null Essien, N. S., null Baba, K. M., null Ojo, M. A., and null Coker, A. A. A.

Abstract

The study determined the effects of emigration and remittance on the food security status of farming households in Edo State, Nigeria. From four (4) Local Government Areas across the State, 297 farming households were sampled randomly for the study. Structured questionnaire and interview schedule were used to obtain primary data from the farmers. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, food security index (FSI) and a probit regression model. The FSI classification revealed 78.41% of the households with emigrants, 64.75% without emigrants and 72.82% of the pooled results were food secure. Probit regression analysis showed that emigration status at P≤0.01 and remittance income at P≤0.10 probability levels had significant positive effect on the food security status of the farming households. Household size, farm income and access to credit each at P≤0.01, off-farm income at P≤0.05 and farming experience at P≤0.10 probability levels had significant influence on the farmers’ food security status. It was concluded that emigration status and remittance had significant positive effect on the food security status of the farming households in Edo State. Nonetheless, food insecurity still remains a major issue among the farming households in the area that cannot be overlooked by the government. It was therefore, recommended that efforts should be made to ensure that farmers are well enlightened and encouraged through extension service delivery to diversify their livelihood, engage and invest their income in productive farm and off-farm activities towards improved standard of living.

Published
2021

16. EFFECTS OF EMIGRATION ON THE POVERTY STATUS OF FARMING HOUSEHOLDS IN EDO STATE, NIGERIA

Author

Essien, N. S., Baba, K. M., Ojo, M. A., and Coker, A. A. A.

Subjects
Farmers, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Nigeria, Edo State, Labor and Human Capital, Poverty, Food Security and Poverty, Emigration
Abstract

Emigration has become a significant issue that cannot be overlooked globally as it is germane in achieving the 2030 Sustainable Development Goal of ending poverty. This study assessed the effects of emigration on the poverty status of farming households in Edo State, Nigeria. A total of 297 farmers were selected randomly from four Local Government Areas across the state. Structured interview schedule was used to obtain primary data from the farmers. Data were analysed with descriptive statistics, Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (FGT) index and probit regression model. The poverty classification revealed that 35.23% of the farmers were poor and 64.77% were non-poor. The estimated FGT indices for poverty incidence, depth and severity were 0.3523, 0.2669 and 0.0713 respectively. Probit regression analysis showed that emigration status of the farmers at p≤0.05 level of probability had significant positive effect on their poverty status. Other covariates: remittance (p≤0.01), household size (p≤0.01), years of education (p≤0.10), farm income (p≤0.01) and off-farm income (p≤0.01) also had significant effects on the porvety status of the farming households. The study concluded that emigration possess the potential to enhance poverty alleviation among the farming households in the area. Nonetheless, poverty remains a major issue in the area that cannot be overlooked by the government.

Published
2021
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18. Modeling Relationships between Land Surface Temperature and Selected Vegetation Indices using Geo-Spatial Techniques: A Case Study of Oluwa Forest Reserve, Ondo State

Author

Aigbokhan O. J, Ekundayo A. A, Essien N. E., and Ukoha A. P.

Subjects
Land surface temperature, vegetation indices, OLI/TIR, and algorithm
Abstract

This paper tends to explain the application of Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for analysis and monitoring the relationships of land surface temperature (LST) with selected vegetation indices in the area. For mapping purposes, satellite images of Landsat-8 OLI / TIRS images, acquired on the 1stof April 2018 were used. The study was conducted in Oluwa fragmented Forest Reserve, situated in Ondo State of Nigeria. The study was based on Landsat 8 (OLI/TIR) only because the emphasis was not on time series. The temperature values were extracted using Remote Sensing algorithms from thermal infrared (TIR) data (band 10). The calculations of five vegetation indices were also done with their result regressed with the land surface temperature. Therefore, the main objective is to examine the degree of relationship between LST and some selected vegetation indices. The processing and analysis of data was done using ArcGIS and IDRISI software systems. The results revealed that the LST ranged from 24°C to 36°C with a mean of 30°C). From the correlation analysis, RVI has the strongest relationship (-0.6) with the prevailing LST than other vegetation indices. This implies that remote sensing and GIS techniques are reliable and therefore could be employed for large scale temperature mapping and the modeling of vegetation indices. &nbsp

Published
2018
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22. Changing the opinions, beliefs and attitudes of the Efiks, Quas and Efuts of Calabar Municipality towards the practice of female circumcision

Author

Affiong Ekpenyong Onoyom, Essien N. C, Egbai Me, Mbum Patrick Awok, Oyira Emilia James, and Emon U. Duke

Subjects
Female circumcision, medicine.medical_specialty, Nursing, business.industry, Family medicine, media_common.quotation_subject, Medicine, Enlightenment, Research questions, business, Public education, media_common, Mass media
Abstract

Objective: To determine the opinion of the Efiks, Quas and Efuts of old Calabar district towards the practice of female circumcision. To examine the beliefs of the Efiks, Quas and Efuts of Calabar towards the practice of female circumcision. To determine the attitude of the Efiks, Quas and Efuts of Calabar towards the practice of female circumcision.Methods: In order to successfully carry out the study, three research questions and hypothesis were formulated. Literatures were reviewed based on the research variables. The research instrument used for data collection was questionnaire which was administered on three hundred and six (306) respondents who served as the sample for the study. Their responses were analyzed using frequencies, and percentages. Results showed that more than 50% are not in support of the practice and in fact more than 64% will not want their daughters circumcised.Results: It is observed that majority of educated, well informed and enlightened individuals who are aware of the harmful effects of the female circumcision abhors it. To this extent, proper education, and enlightenment, should be encouraged. Religions and cosmopolitan nature of the city are key to influencing the opinions, beliefs and attitude of the people living there. And finally, majority of the people think that the practice of female circumcision is decreasing in the city. Based on these findings information should continue to be disseminated using mass media and local languages for complete eradication and permanent attitudinal change.Conclusions: This work highlight the influence of public education and increase awareness from both the rural and urban communities so rooted to their cultures of female circumcision in old Calabar district as bad practice and unacceptable tradition in the 21st century world of today.

Published
2015

23. BIRTH COMPLICATIONS CONTROL BETWEEN MIDWIVES AMONG WOMEN IN CROSS RIVER STATES-NIGERIA.

Author

JAMES, OYIRA EMILIA and ESSIEN, N. C.

Subjects
*PREGNANCY complications, *OBSTETRICAL emergencies, *HIGH-risk pregnancy, *MIDWIVES, *PUBLIC health
Abstract

Objectives: This study sought to assess birth complications control between midwives among women in cross river states-Nigeria. To achieve this purpose, one null hypothesis was formulated to guide the study. Method: The study adopted was survey design. The sample consisted of 360 post-natal women selected from a population of 78,814 through the polio immunization registers of selected health centers. Accidental sampling technique was used to select the respondents. The instrument used for collecting data for the study was a 36-item questionnaire. Independent t-test and contingency chi-square were used in testing the null hypotheses. Results: The result showed that women delivered by traditional midwives have more negative control of delivery pain caused by birth complication than their counterparts who are delivered by western trained midwives; On the basis of finding it implies that western midwives are different from their counterparts. All what the traditional midwives need is workshops, seminars, conferences during ante-natal period to acquaint the traditional midwives with delivery related activities and procedures. It was also recommended that the traditional midwives should be given adequate training so that they can face the society and avoid further complications. Conclusion: Government should also continue to train more midwives to avoid the patronage of traditional birth attendance because hospital is the best place for delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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27. Enhancement of some sex hormones concentrations by consumption of leaves extract of Viscum album (mistletoe) in rats.

Author

Ofem, O. E., Antai, A. B., Essien, N. M., and Oka, V. O.

Subjects
SEX hormones, BLOOD serum analysis, PLANT extracts
Abstract

Objective: This present study was conducted with the aim to investigate the effect of consumption of leaves extract of mistletoe on the concentration of some serum sex hormones (follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone and prolactin) in rats. Methods: Twenty-four (24) female albino Wistar rats (210-250 g final body weight) were randomly assigned into 4 groups of 6 rats each. Group 1 (control) took normal rat chow + drinking water. Group 2, extract treated-1 (ET-1), group 3, extract treated-2 (ET-2) and group 4, extract treated-3 (ET-3) in addition received 150 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg and 450 mg/kg respectively of V. album extract p.o once daily. The feeding regimens lasted for 4 weeks. Results: The serum concentrations of FSH, LH, testosterone and prolactin in control group were 0.95±0.09 µIU/mL, 1.21±0.10 µIU/mL, 6.78±0.19 ng/mL and 1.86±0.09 ng/mL respectively. FSH levels was significantly (p<0.05) higher in ET-1 compared with control and ET-3. Serum concentrations of LH and testosterone were significantly (p<0.05) higher in ET-1 and ET-2 compared with control; LH and testosterone concentrations were in turn significantly (p<0.01) lower in ET-3 compared with ET-1 and ET-2. Prolactin decreased significantly (p<0.05) in ET-1 and ET-2 compared with control. Conclusion: Moderate and controlled doses of mistletoe extract increases serum levels of FSH, LH and testosterone but decreases prolactin concentrations, which could enhance reproductive functions in normal persons and those with loss-of reproductive function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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29. 'Your drinking is my problem': Recording alcohol’s harm to others in Nigeria

Author

Obot, I. S., Nelson, E. -U, Umoh, O. O., Essien, N. F., Okediji, E. A., Udoh, E., and James Effiong

Subjects
Alcohol, harm to others, Nigeria, drinking problems
Abstract

The negative consequences of alcohol consumption on the drinker are well documented. Alcohol is the cause of many physical and mental health conditions and is associated with social problems affecting the drinker, the family and the society at-large. Nondrinkers also experience the impact of other people’s drinking though the extent of this experience is not well documented. This paper presents preliminary data from the WHO/Thai Health project on the harm to others from drinking. A sample of 16 health, security and social welfare agencies in Akwa Ibom State of Nigeria was selected and a nominated key informant in each agency was approached for information using a qualitative interview schedule. The information sought from respondents included types of harms to others seen at the agency, the frequency of such cases, how information about the cases are recorded and handled, and whether regular records are kept at the agency on harm to others from alcohol. Findings show that few agencies collected data on harm to others from drinking but several reported seeing people affected by the drinking of others, with most cases reported by social welfare agencies. Almost all the agencies contacted expressed interest in collecting relevant data and being involved more in addressing the problem. The reported low levels of awareness and action on harm to others from drinking have potentially serious implications in a society with a rapidly growing rate of alcohol consumption.Key words: Alcohol, harm to others, Nigeria, drinking problems

30. Reorganization of Substance Use Treatment and Harm Reduction Services During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Global Survey

Author

Seyed Ramin Radfar, Cornelis A. J. De Jong, Ali Farhoudian, Mohsen Ebrahimi, Parnian Rafei, Mehrnoosh Vahidi, Masud Yunesian, Christos Kouimtsidis, Shalini Arunogiri, Omid Massah, Abbas Deylamizadeh, Kathleen T. Brady, Anja Busse, ISAM-PPIG Global Survey Consortium, Marc N. Potenza, Hamed Ekhtiari, Alexander Mario Baldacchino, Adrian Octavian Abagiu, Franck David Noel Abouna, Mohamed Hassan Ahmed, Basma Al-ansari, Feda Mahmmoud Abu Al-khair, Mandhar Humaid Almaqbali, Atul Ambekar, Hossein Mohaddes Ardabili, Sidharth Arya, Victor Olufolahan Lasebikan, Murad Ali Ayasreh, Debasish Basu, Zoubir Benmebarek, Roshan Bhad, Mario Blaise, Nicolas Bonnet, Jennifer Brasch, Barbara Broers, Jenna L. Butner, Moses Camilleri, Giovanna Campello, Giuseppe Carra, Ivan Celic, Fatemeh Chalabianloo, Abhishek Chaturvedi, José de Jesús Eduardo Noyola Cherpitel, Kelly J. Clark, Melissa Anne Cyders, Ernesto de Bernardis, John Edward Derry, Naveen Kumar Dhagudu, Pavla Dolezalova, Geert Dom, Adrian John Dunlop, Mahmoud Mamdouh Elhabiby, Hussien Elkholy, Nsidibe Francis Essien, Ghandi Ilias Farah, Marica Ferri, Georgios D Floros, Catherine Friedman, Clara Hidalgo Fuderanan, Gilberto Gerra, Abhishek Ghosh, Maka Gogia, Ilias A. Grammatikopoulos, Paolo Grandinetti, Amira Guirguis, David Gutnisky, Paul Steven Haber, Peyman Hassani-Abharian, Zahra Hooshyari, Islam Ibrahim Mokhtar Ibrahim, Hada Fong-ha Ieong, Regina Nova Indradewi, Shelly Iskandar, Shobhit Jain, Sandi James, Seyyed Mohammad hossein Javadi, Keun Ho Joe, Darius Jokubonis, Acka Tushevska Jovanova, Rama Mohamed Kamal, Alexander Ivanov Kantchelov, Preethy Kathiresan, Gary Katzman, Paul Kawale, Audrey Margaret Kern, Felix Henrique Paim Kessler, Sung-Gon Sue Kim, Ann Marie Kimball, Zeljko Kljucevic, Kristiana Siste, Roneet Lev, Hae Kook Lee, Aiste Lengvenyte, Shaul Lev-ran, Geni Seseja Mabelya, Mohamed Ali El Mahi, J. Maphisa Maphisa, Icro Maremmani, Laura Masferrer, Orlagh McCambridge, Garrett Gregory McGovern, Aung Kyi Min, Amir Moghanibashi-Mansourieh, Jazman Mora-Rios, Indika Udaya Kumara Mudalige, Diptadhi Mukherjee, Pejic Munira Munira, Bronwyn Myers, Jayakrishnan Menon T N, Venkata Lakshmi Narasimha, Nkemakolam Ndionuka, Ali-Akbar Nejatisafa, Kamran Niaz, Asad Tamizuddin Nizami, Jan H. Nuijens, Laura Orsolini, Vantheara Oum, Adegboyega Adekunle Oyemade, Irena Rojnia Palavra, Sagun Ballav Pant, Joselyn Paredes, Eric Peyron, Randall Alberto Quirós, Rouhollah Qurishi, Noor ul Zaman Rafiq, Ranjini Raghavendra Rao, Woraphat Ratta-apha, Karren-Lee Raymond, Jens Reimer, Eduardo Renaldo, Tara Rezapour, James Roy Robertson, Carlos Roncero, Fazle Roub, Elizabeth Jane Rubenstein, Claudia Ines Rupp, Elizabeth Saenz, Mohammad Salehi, Lampros Samartzis, Laura Beatriz Sarubbo, Nusa Segrec, Bigya Shah, Hongxian Shen, Tomohiro Shirasaka, Steve Shoptaw, Fransiskus Muronga Sintango, Veronica Andrea Sosa, Emilis Subata, Norberto Sztycberg, Fatemeh Taghizadeh, Joseph Brian Tay Wee Teck, Christian Tjagvad, Marta Torrens, Judith Meme Twala, Ramyadarshni Vadivel, Joseph Robert Volpicelli, Jelmer Weijs, Steven Michael Wintoniw, Apisak Wittayanookulluk, Marcin Wojnar, Sadia Yasir, Yimenu Yitayih, Min Zhao, Arash Khojasteh Zonoozi, ISAM-PPIG Global Survey Consortium, Radfar, S, De Jong, C, Farhoudian, A, Ebrahimi, M, Rafei, P, Vahidi, M, Yunesian, M, Kouimtsidis, C, Arunogiri, S, Massah, O, Deylamizadeh, A, Brady, K, Busse, A, Potenza, M, Ekhtiari, H, Baldacchino, A, Abagiu, A, Abouna, F, Ahmed, M, Al-ansari, B, Mahmmoud Abu Al-khair, F, Almaqbali, M, Ambekar, A, Ardabili, H, Arya, S, Lasebikan, V, Ayasreh, M, Basu, D, Benmebarek, Z, Bhad, R, Blaise, M, Bonnet, N, Brasch, J, Broers, B, Butner, J, Camilleri, M, Campello, G, Carra, G, Celic, I, Chalabianloo, F, Chaturvedi, A, de Jesus Eduardo Noyola Cherpitel, J, Clark, K, Cyders, M, de Bernardis, E, Derry, J, Dhagudu, N, Dolezalova, P, Dom, G, Dunlop, A, Elhabiby, M, Elkholy, H, Essien, N, Farah, G, Ferri, M, Floros, G, Friedman, C, Fuderanan, C, Gerra, G, Ghosh, A, Gogia, M, Grammatikopoulos, I, Grandinetti, P, Guirguis, A, Gutnisky, D, Haber, P, Hassani-Abharian, P, Hooshyari, Z, Ibrahim, I, Ieong, H, Indradewi, R, Iskandar, S, Jain, S, James, S, Javadi, S, Joe, K, Jokubonis, D, Jovanova, A, Kamal, R, Kantchelov, A, Kathiresan, P, Katzman, G, Kawale, P, Kern, A, Kessler, F, Kim, S, Kimball, A, Kljucevic, Z, Siste, K, Lev, R, Lee, H, Lengvenyte, A, Lev-ran, S, Mabelya, G, Mahi, M, Maphisa, J, Maremmani, I, Masferrer, L, Mccambridge, O, Mcgovern, G, Min, A, Moghanibashi-Mansourieh, A, Mora-Rios, J, Mudalige, I, Mukherjee, D, Munira, P, Myers, B, Menon T N, J, Narasimha, V, Ndionuka, N, Nejatisafa, A, Niaz, K, Nizami, A, Nuijens, J, Orsolini, L, Oum, V, Oyemade, A, Palavra, I, Pant, S, Paredes, J, Peyron, E, Alberto Quiros, R, Qurishi, R, Rafiq, N, Rao, R, Ratta-apha, W, Raymond, K, Reimer, J, Renaldo, E, Rezapour, T, Robertson, J, Roncero, C, Roub, F, Rubenstein, E, Rupp, C, Saenz, E, Salehi, M, Samartzis, L, Sarubbo, L, Segrec, N, Shah, B, Shen, H, Shirasaka, T, Shoptaw, S, Sintango, F, Sosa, V, Subata, E, Sztycberg, N, Taghizadeh, F, Teck, J, Tjagvad, C, Torrens, M, Twala, J, Vadivel, R, Volpicelli, J, Weijs, J, Wintoniw, S, Wittayanookulluk, A, Wojnar, M, Yasir, S, Yitayih, Y, Zhao, M, Zonoozi, A, University of St Andrews. School of Medicine, University of St Andrews. Centre for Minorities Research (CMR), and University of St Andrews. Population and Behavioural Science Division

Subjects
opioid agonist treatment, RC435-571, Psychological intervention, addiction services, Health administration, Experimental Psychopathology and Treatment, 0302 clinical medicine, RA0421, RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine, Pandemic, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, Drug addiction, 030212 general & internal medicine, harm reduction, Original Research, Psychiatry, Public health, Addiction medicine, substance use disorder, public health, 3rd-DAS, Opiate agonist treatment, Addiction services, Outreach, Substance abuse, Psychiatry and Mental health, RM, COVID-19 pandemic, drug policy, medicine.medical_specialty, 03 medical and health sciences, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Drug policy, medicine, Substance use disorders, Harm reduction, business.industry, SDG 16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions, COVID-19, medicine.disease, addiction service, RM Therapeutics. Pharmacology, Coronavirus, Family medicine, Human medicine, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Background:The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted people with substance use disorders (SUDs) worldwide, and healthcare systems have reorganized their services in response to the pandemic.Methods:One week after the announcement of the COVID-19 as a pandemic, in a global survey, 177 addiction medicine professionals described COVID-19-related health responses in their own 77 countries in terms of SUD treatment and harm reduction services. The health responses were categorized around (1) managerial measures and systems, (2) logistics, (3) service providers, and (4) vulnerable groups.Results:Respondents from over 88% of countries reported that core medical and psychiatric care for SUDs had continued; however, only 56% of countries reported having had any business continuity plan, and 37.5% of countries reported shortages of methadone or buprenorphine supplies. Participants of 41% of countries reported partial discontinuation of harm-reduction services such as needle and syringe programs and condom distribution. Fifty-seven percent of overdose prevention interventions and 81% of outreach services were also negatively impacted.Conclusions:Participants reported that SUD treatment and harm-reduction services had been significantly impacted globally early during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on our findings, we highlight several issues and complications resulting from the pandemic concerning people with SUDs that should be tackled more efficiently during the future waves or similar pandemics. The issues and potential strategies comprise the following: (1) helping policymakers to generate business continuity plans, (2) maintaining the use of evidence-based interventions for people with SUDs, (3) being prepared for adequate medication supplies, (4) integrating harm reduction programs with other treatment modalities, and (5) having specific considerations for vulnerable groups such as immigrants and refugees.

Published
2021

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