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3. Chronic physical health conditions, mental health, and sources of support in a longitudinal Australian child population cohort

Author

Laurens, Kristin, Green, Melissa, Dean, Kimberlie, Tzoumakis, Stacy, Harris, Felicity, Islam, Fakhrul, Kariuki, Maina, Essery, Claire, Schofield, Jill, Carr, Vaughan, Laurens, Kristin, Green, Melissa, Dean, Kimberlie, Tzoumakis, Stacy, Harris, Felicity, Islam, Fakhrul, Kariuki, Maina, Essery, Claire, Schofield, Jill, and Carr, Vaughan

Abstract

Objective: This study examined associations between chronic physical health conditions (identified from hospital records) that are subject to school health care plans, and children’s emotional, behavioral, and social functioning during early (~5 years of age) and middle childhood (~11 years). Methods: Participants were 21,304 Australian children from a representative longitudinal population cohort derived by multi-agency record linkage. Hospital presentations (admitted patients and emergency department) identified children with asthma (n=1,573), allergies and anaphylaxis (n=738), type 1 diabetes (n=59), epilepsy (n=87), and any of these conditions (n=2,275), relative to 19,029 children without these presentations. Logistic regression analyses determined associations between these exposures and (i) emotional, behavioral, social, and overall vulnerabilities reported by teachers (early childhood) and children (middle childhood), and (ii) self-reported lack of sources of support (middle childhood). Results: Prevalence of any condition in hospital records was 7.5% by early childhood, and 10.7% by middle childhood. Relative to peers without these presentations, small increases in risk of overall problems, and selected emotional, behavioral, and social problems, were apparent for children with any condition, and asthma specifically, in early and middle childhood. Large and pervasive effects were apparent for epilepsy, limited small effects in middle childhood only for allergies and anaphylaxis, and no increases in risk associated with type 1 diabetes examined in middle childhood. No condition was associated with increased risk of lacking supports. Conclusions: Children with hospital records of chronic conditions, particularly epilepsy and asthma, might benefit from school-based care plans that integrate their physical and mental health support needs.

Published
2019

4. Reading and numeracy attainment of children reported to child protection services: a population record linkage study controlling for other adversities

Author

Merran Butler, Maina Kariuki, Fahkrul Islam, Vaughan J. Carr, Felicity Harris, Kristin R. Laurens, Claire M Essery, Marilyn Chilvers, Jill Schofield, Melissa J. Green, Sally Brinkman, Laurens, Kristin R, Islam, Fahkrul, Kariuki, Maina, Harris, Felicity, Chilvers, Marilyn, Butler, Merran, Schofield, Jill, Essery, Claire, Brinkman, Sally A, Carr, Vaughan J, and Green, Melissa J

Subjects
Male, Referral, media_common.quotation_subject, Population, Poison control, Information Storage and Retrieval, Literacy, Developmental psychology, educational support, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Numeracy, 030225 pediatrics, childhood adversity, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, education, Child, out-of-home-care, media_common, education.field_of_study, Academic Success, Schools, Child Protective Services, 05 social sciences, Child development, Educational attainment, Minors, Psychiatry and Mental health, academic achievement, Child protection, Reading, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Female, New South Wales, Psychology, child maltreatment, Mathematics, 050104 developmental & child psychology
Abstract

Background Maltreated children are at risk of poor educational outcomes, but also experience greater individual, family, and neighbourhood adversities that may obscure an understanding of relationships between child protection involvement and educational attainment. Objective To examine associations between child protection involvement and 3rd- and 5th-grade reading and numeracy attainment, while controlling multiple other adversities. Participants and Setting Participants were 56,860 Australian children and their parents from the New South Wales Child Development Study with linked multi-agency records. Methods Multinomial logistic regressions examined associations between level of child protection involvement (Out-Of-Home Care [OOHC] placement; substantiated Risk Of Significant Harm [ROSH]; unsubstantiated ROSH; non-ROSH; and no child protection report) and standardised tests of 3rd- and 5th-grade reading and numeracy. Fully adjusted models controlled demographic, pregnancy, birth, and parental factors, and early (kindergarten) developmental vulnerabilities on literacy and numeracy, and other developmental domains (social, emotional, physical, communication). Results All children with child protection reports were more likely to attain below average, and less likely to attain above average, 3rd- and 5th-grade reading and numeracy, including children with reports below the ROSH threshold. Children with substantiated ROSH reports who were not removed into care demonstrated the worst educational attainment, with some evidence of protective effects for children in OOHC. Conclusions A cross-agency response to supporting educational attainment for all children reported to child protection services is required, including targeted services for children in OOHC or with substantiated ROSH reports, and referral of vulnerable families (unsubstantiated and non-ROSH cases) to secondary service organisations (intermediate intervention).

Published
2020

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