Search

This study aimed to investigate the presence of

In the present study the prevalence, presence of Stx1, Stx2, EhlyA and eaeA virulence genes and antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli O157 strains isolated from the feces of 417 adult ruminants slaughtered in three provinces of Turkey were investigated. A total of 16 (3.8%) E. coli O157 strains were isolated from 417 fecal samples. Among these strains 9 (3.3%), 4 (7.8%), 2 (2.4%) and 1 (7.1%) were obtained from 269 cattle, 51 water buffaloes, 83 sheep and 14 goats, respectively. All strains were screened for the presence of rfbO157, fliCH7, Stx1, Stx2, eaeA and EhlyA genes by PCR. The rfbO157 gene was determined in all strains, while 7 (43.8%) of 16 strains harbored fliCH7, Stx2, EhlyA and eaeA genes. eaeA gene was obtained from 11 (68.8%) strains, 4 (25.0%) of these were alone. The Stx1 gene was not determined in any of the 16 strains and 5 (31.2%) strains were also negative for fliCH7, Stx2, EhlyA and eaeA genes. High resistance rates were determined against ampicillin (68.7%), neomycin (68.7%), tetracycline (68.7%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (62.5%) and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (56.2%) in 16 E. coli 157 strains isolated in this study. The present study investigated the presence of E. coli O157 serotype, its major virulence genes and antibiotic resistance in the strains isolated from the feces of different slaughtered ruminants, including cattle, water buffalo, sheep and goats for the first time in Turkey, and showed the water buffaloes, sheep and goats, like cattle, may be a potential reservoir of E. coli O157:H7 infections for humans., Cilj ovoga istraživanja bio je utvrditi prevalenciju, prisutnost gena virulencije Stx1, Stx2, EhlyA i eaeA te otpornost na antibiotike sojeva E. coli O157 izoliranih iz izmeta 417 odraslih preživača zaklanih u tri turske provincije. Ukupno je izolirano 16 sojeva E. coli O157 (3,8 %). Od tih sojeva 9 sojeva (3,3 %) potjecalo je od 269 goveda, 4 soja (7,8 %) od 51 vodenog bivola, 2 soja (2,4 %) od 83 ovce i 1 soj (7,1 %) od 14 koza. Svi su sojevi analizirani metodom lančane reakcije polimeraze na prisutnost gena rfbO157, fliCH7, Stx1, Stx2, eaeA i EhlyA. Gen rfbO157 dokazan je u svim sojevima, dok su u 7 (43,8 %) od 16 sojeva utvrđeni geni fliCH7, Stx2, EhlyA i eaeA. Gen eaeA utvrđen je u 11 sojeva (68,8 %), a u 4 (25,0 %) od tih 11 bio je samo taj gen. Gen Stx1 nije pronađen ni u jednom od 16 sojeva, dok je 5 sojeva (31,2 %) bilo negativno za gene fliCH7, Stx2, EhlyA i eaeA. Utvrđena je visoka otpornost na ampicilin (68,7 %), neomicin (68,7 %), tetraciklin (68,7 %), trimetoprim/sulfametoksazol (62,5 %) i amoksicilin/klavulansku kiselinu (56,2 %) u 16 sojeva E. coli O157 izoliranih u ovom istraživanju. U ovom je istraživanju analizirana prisutnost serotipa E. coli O157, glavni geni virulencije i antibiotska otpornost u sojevima izoliranima iz izmeta nekoliko različitih vrsta preživača, uključujući goveda, vodene bivole, ovce i koze. Ovime je prvi put dokazano da navedene vrste životinja mogu biti potencijalni rezervoari infekcije bakterijom E. coli O157 za ljude u Turskoj.

In this study, the presence of blaNDM-1 gene in carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales obtained from various clinical specimen of a University Hospital in Turkey between the years 2014-2019, has been investigated. Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales were identified using Vitek 2. The presence of Metallo beta lactamase in these bacteria was investigated by phenotypically modified hodge test and genotypically by PCR. Of the 110 carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales isolates, six (5.5%), 17 (15.5%) and 87 (79.0%) were identified as E. cloacae, E. coli and K. pneumoniae , respectively. While blaNDM-1gene was found in 35 (31.8%) K. pneumoniae and three (2.7%) E. coli strains, all 38 strains were found positive for blaNDM-1gene by the modified hodge test. It was determined that six E. cloacae strains did not contain the blaNDM-1 gene. Multiple antibiotic resistances were detected in carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales strains positive for blaNDM-1. However, 29 K. pneumoniae and two E. coli strains were identified as resistant to tigecycline. Turkey also risks of the world along with other resistance enzymes and bacteria NDM-1 producing the rates must be determined globally and periodically. The fast spread of such resistant through transferable ways should not be overlooked, because enzymatic resistance genes can lead to high mortality hospital outbreaks worldwide.₀ [Med-Science 2021; 10(2.000): 571-6]

This study illustrated that parent with children 3-6 years old children's book aimed to examine the views of the elections. Subjects of the study in Mersin, Gaziantep, located in the provinces of Ankara, 190 parents with children 3-6 years old constitutes. The data was collected using the public survey method, and the database was formed in qualitative form. Parents were asked to fill both the personal information part and the part about illustrated children's books. The qualitative data was analyzed by content analysis.

In this study, identification of 207 Candida isolates, previously isolated from mastitic bovine quarter milk samples at the level of genus, was made using API 20 C AUX system. The most frequently isolated species were Candida krusei (34.8%), followed by Candida rugosa (16.4%), Candida kefyr (12.6%), Candida albicans (10.1%), and Candida tropicalis (9.2%). Less common isolates were Candida zeylanoides (5.8%), Candida parapsilosis (4.3%), Candida guilliermondii (3.4%), Candida famata (1.9%), and Candida glabrata (1.5%). Additionally, in vitro hemolytic activity of all Candida strains were also examined in the present study. C. krusei (72 isolates), C. kefyr (26), C. albicans (21), C. tropicalis (19), C. zeylanoides (12), and C. glabrata (3) demonstrated both alpha and beta hemolysis at 48-h postinoculation. Only alpha hemolysis was detected in C. rugosa (34), C. guilliermondii (7), and C. famata (4), while C. parapsilosis (9) did not show any hemolytic activity after incubation for 72 h. Statistically significant difference (P < 0.001) was determined between the beta-hemolytic activities of Candida strains. The hemolytic activities of C. zeylanoides, C. albicans and C. kefyr were higher than other strains. This is the first study to describe variable hemolysis types exhibited by different Candida strains isolated from bovine mastitic milk in Turkey.

In the present study, nasal carriage rates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in cattle and humans in close contact with cattle, and the resistance rates of MRSA isolates against various antibiotics were investigated. The nasal swab samples were collected from 35 different private farms (150 humans and 250 cattle) in the Afyonkarahisar province of Turkey. The nasal carriage rates of MRSA in humans and cattle were determined as 8.7 % (13/150) and 1.2 % (3/250), respectively. MRSA strains isolated from humans and animals were not supplied from the same sampled farms. In our study, the three phenotypic tests were also compared with the PCR results. Sensitivity for oxacillin agar screening test, oxacillin and cefoxitin disc diffusion tests was found to be 75 %, 50 % and 100 %, respectively, while the specificity of the three tests was 100 %. According to the antibiotic susceptibility test results, high resistance rates were determined against clindamycin (46.1 %), kanamycin (46.1 %), mupirocin (46.1 %), erythromycin (38.5 %), fusidic acid (38.5 %) and tetracycline (38.5 %) in 13 MRSA isolates obtained from humans. Resistance to clindamycin, erythromycin, fusidic acid, mupirocin, rifampicin and teicoplanin was determined in all 3 MRSA strains isolated from cattle nasal swab samples. This is the first study to investigate the status of nasal MRSA carriage in both cattle and farm workers in contact with these cattle in Afyonkarahisar., Istražene su stope kliconoštva izolata bakterije Staphylococcus aureus otpornih na meticilin (MRSA) u goveda i ljudi koji su bili u izravnom dodiru s njima te otpornost MRSA izolata na različite antibiotike. Uzorci nosnog obriska bili su prikupljeni na 35 privatnih gospodarstava (150 uzoraka od ljudi i 250 od goveda) na području Afyonkarahisara u Turskoj. Stopa nosnog kliconoštva MRSA u ljudi bila je 8,7 % (13/150), a u goveda 1,2 % (3/250). MRSA izolati iz ljudi i životinja nisu potjecali iz istih farmi. Rezultati pretrage trima fenotipskim postupcima bili su uspoređeni s rezultatima pretrage PCR-om. Stopa osjetljivosti pretraženih izolata u probirnom testu na oksacilin iznosila je 75 %, a u disk difuzijskom testu na oksacilin 50 % te na cefoksitin 100 %. Specifičnost svih triju testova bila je 100 %. Velika stopa otpornosti u 13 MRSA izolata iz ljudi ustanovljena je na klindamicin (46,1 %), kanamicin (46,1 %), mupirocin (46,1 %), eritromicin (38,5 %), fuzidinsku kiselinu (38,5 %) i tetraciklin (38,5 %). Otpornost na klindamicin, eritromicin, fuzidinsku kiselinu, mupirocin, rifampicin i teikoplanin dokazana je u tri MRSA izolata iz uzoraka nosnog obriska goveda. Ovo je prvo istraživanje nosnog kliconoštva MRSA u goveda i radnika, koji su bili u dodiru s govedima na farmama u Afyonkarahisaru.

Objective: The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the ability of Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation at different energy settings to eliminate Candida albicans, either with or without 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) treatment. Methods: In total, 90 extracted human single-rooted teeth were shaped by using a crown-down technique with HERO Shaper rotary instruments and irrigated with 1 mL of 2.5% NaOCl between each instrument. The specimens were autoclaved and incubated with a suspension of C. albicans (ATCC 90028). Then the specimens were divided into six treatment groups (n 15 per group): group 1, NaOCl+1-W laser; group 2, 1-W laser; group 3, NaOCl+0.75-W laser; group 4, 0.75-W laser, group 5, NaOCl; and group 6, no treatment. Aliquots of the experimental teeth were transferred onto Sabouraud's dextrose agar plates with paper points, and colony-forming units (CFUs) were counted as a measure of antifungal activity. One root from each group, which was not submitted to the sampling procedure, was fixed in glutaraldehyde, split into two halves, and evaluated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Statistical analysis was performed by using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Dunnett t test. Significance was set at alpha-0.05. Results: All the treatment groups resulted in a significant reduction of C. albicans, but no sterilization, and all the groups were significantly different from each other (p < 0.0001). Group 1 (NaOCl and 1-W laser combination) exhibited the greatest reduction, whereas group 5 (NaOCl) resulted in a minimal reduction in CFUs of C. albicans. The SEM observations were in accordance with the microbiologic analysis. Conclusions: The 5.25% NaOCl and 1-W laser treatment combination may be a valuable cleaning tool for root canals infected with C. albicans.