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Amaç: Allium sativum L. (Sarımsak) bitkisinin belli bir derecede nem ve sıcaklık ile işlem görmesi sonucu, elde edilen fermente ürün tek diş siyah sarımsağın biyoaktivitesinin tespit edilmesi amaçlandı.Yöntem: Çalışmada, siyah sarımsak dişlerinin etanol ve su ekstresi hazırlandı, yine ayrılan kabuk kısımları da etanol ile ekstre edilerek, DPPH● ve ABTS●+ radikalini süpürücü etki tayin yöntemi ile antioksidan aktivitesi değerlendirildi. In vitro α-amilaz inhibisyon testi ile antidiyabetik aktivitesi belirlendi. MTT yöntemi kullanılarak ekstrelerin Colo-205 hücrelerinde sitotoksik etkisi tayin edildi.Bulgular: Siyah sarımsak ekstrelerinden kabuk ekstresi (A.S.K EtOH) en yüksek toplam fenol (61,40±0,48 mgGA/gekstre) ve toplam flavonoit (26,08±0,37 mgCA/gekstre) içeriğine sahip ekstre olarak tespit edildi. Ayrıca, 4mg/mL konsantrasyonda A.S. SU ekstresi DPPH● radikalini süpürücü aktivitesi (% inhibisyonu 64,66±1,94) en yüksek ekstre olarak tespit edilirken, A.S.K EtOH ekstresi 4mg/mL’de ABTS radikalini süpürücü aktivitesi en yüksek ekstre (2,44±0,16mmol/L/Trolox) olarak bulundu. İnsan kolorektal kanser hücre hattı Colo-205’te sitotoksik etkisi değerlendirilen ekstrelerden, S.K EtOH ekstresinin 1000-250 µg/mL konsantrasyon aralığında diğer ekstrelere oranla en fazla sitotoksik etki gösteren ekstre olduğu belirlendi. Ekstrelerden hiçbiri akarbozun pozitif kontrol olarak kullanıldığı α-amilaz inhibiyon testine göre antidiyabetik aktivite gösteremedi.Sonuç: Sonuçlar son yıllarda oldukça popüler olan siyah sarımsağın biyolojik aktivitelerine dair ön çalışma verileridir. Elde edilen verilere göre siyah sarımsağın aktif bileşenlerinin daha detaylı bir şekilde çalışılması ve siyah sarımsak elde etme ve saklama yöntemlerinin daha detaylı araştırılması gerekmektedir. Böylelikle tıbbi açıdan oldukça büyük öneme sahip bir bitkinin fermente halinin kullanımı ve faydaları ile ilgili umut vaat edici sonuçlar elde edilebilir.

Arctium minus (Hill) Bernh. (Asteraceae), which has a wide distribution area in Turkey, is a medicinally important plant. Eighty percent methanol extracts of the leaf, flower head, and root parts of A. minus were prepared and their sub-fractions were obtained. Spectrophotometric and chromatographic (high-performance liquid chromatography) techniques were used to assess the phytochemical composition. The extracts were evaluated for antioxidant activity by diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil radical (DPPH●), 2,2′-Azino-bis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS●+) radical scavenging, and β-carotene linoleic acid bleaching assays. Furthermore, the extracts were subjected to α-amylase, α-glucosidase, lipoxygenase, and tyrosinase enzyme inhibition tests. The cytotoxic effects of extracts were investigated on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines. The richest extract in terms of phenolic compounds was identified as the ethyl acetate sub-fraction of the root extract (364.37 ± 7.18 mgGAE/gextact). Furthermore, chlorogenic acid (8.855 ± 0.175%) and rutin (8.359 ± 0.125%) were identified as the primary components in the leaves’ ethyl acetate sub-fraction. According to all methods, it was observed that the extracts with the highest antioxidant activity were the flower and leaf ethyl acetate fractions. Additionally, ABTS radical scavenging activity of roots’ ethyl acetate sub-fraction (2.51 ± 0.09 mmol/L Trolox) was observed to be as effective as that of flower and leaf ethyl acetate fractions at 0.5 mg/mL. In the β-carotene linoleic acid bleaching assay, leaves’ methanol extract showed the highest antioxidant capacity (1422.47 ± 76.85) at 30 min. The enzyme activity data showed that α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition of leaf dichloromethane extract was moderately high, with an 87.12 ± 8.06% inhibition value. Lipoxygenase enzyme inhibition was weakly detected in all sub-fractions. Leaf methanol extract, leaf butanol, and root ethyl acetate sub-fractions showed 99% tyrosinase enzyme inhibition. Finally, it was discovered that dichloromethane extracts of leaves, roots, and flowers had high cytotoxic effects on the MDA-MB-231 cell line, with IC50 values of 21.39 ± 2.43, 13.41 ± 2.37, and 10.80 ± 1.26 µg/mL, respectively. The evaluation of the plant extracts in terms of several bioactivity tests revealed extremely positive outcomes. The data of this study, in which all parts of the plant were investigated in detail for the first time, offer promising results for future research.

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of phosphorus fertilizer treatments (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg ha(-1)P(2)O(5)) on crude oil, diosgenin, and trigonelline contents and on fatty acid composition of fenugreek plants. Experiments were conducted in a randomized block design with four replications. Results revealed under different phosphorus fertilizer doses that crude oil content varied between 4.75 and 5.54%, diosgenin content varied between 0.43 and 0.52% and trigonelline content varied between 0.74 and 0.97%. The highest diosgenin and trigonelline contents were obtained under the 30 kg ha(-1)P(2)O(5)treatment and the highest crude oil content was observed under the 60 kg ha(-1)P(2)O(5)treatment. With regard to fatty acid composition, C-18:2, C-18:3, C-16:0, C-18:0, C(18:1)and C(20:0)were identified as the major components and C-14:0, C-16:1, C-17:0, C-17:1, C(20:1)and C(22:0)were identified as the minor ones. Linoleic acid (C-18:2) content varied between 42.78 and 43.44% and linolenic acid (C-18:3) content varied between 26.77 and 29.21%. Except for linolenic acid (C-18:3), the highest contents of all the other major components were observed with the 90 kg ha(-1)P(2)O(5)treatment.

The Lime Basra (Citrus aurantifolia Linn., Rutaceae) plant also known as dried lime, and Limoo Omani, is used both as a spice in meals and as an herbal tea in the treatment of some diseases in the Middle East. It was aimed to determine the biological activity screening of the 70% methanol, ethanol extracts and infusion which were prepared from dried fruits. 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPHBLACK CIRCLE) and 2,2MODIFIER LETTER PRIME-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS+(BLACK CIRCLE)) radical scavenging activities, ferric reducing activity, cytotoxicity on A 549, MCF 7 and L929 cell lines and alpha-amylase inhibitory effects were determined. According to the results, 70% methanol extract was more active in antioxidant activity tests and ethanol extract was more active in cytotoxicity tests. Interestingly both 70% methanol and ethanol extracts were found to have potent hypoglycemic activity. The present findings shed light on the fact that it is important to research and scientifically evaluate plants with traditional medicinal use.

Origanum haussknechtii Boiss. (Lamiaceae), an endemic herb growing in Turkey, is consumed as a tea in folk medicine. This study aimed to investigate antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and cytotoxic activities of the methanol, and water extracts from the aerial parts of O. haussknechtii, as well as to determine their phenolic profiles by using HPLC analysis. The methanol extract of O. haussknechtii displayed the highest antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli with an inhibition zone of 11.57 mm, and MIC of 100 mu g/mL. The methanol extract also exhibited an 80.53% inhibition effect on biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In addition, the methanol extract showed cytotoxicity against the A549 cancer cell line with the growth inhibition of 47.7%. In the phenolic analysis, rosmarinic acid was detected to be a major compound in both methanol, and water extracts, with the amount of 43.17, and 17.68 mg/g extract, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first report on the antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and cytotoxic activities of O. haussknechtii, as well as the phenolic compositions using HPLC. Our data revealed that O. haussknechtii has the potential to be used in pharmaceutical, and cosmetic raw materials, as well as food supplements for application as novel bioactive agents.

The liver is one of the most important organs in the human body with crucial functions such as metabolism, secretion, storage, and detoxification. Due to the liver’s vital duties, hepatic diseases are among the most important health problems because they can cause various complications and also may result in death. Plants have traditionally been used to treat and prevent liver diseases as well as many other diseases for centuries. Today, phytotherapeutic approaches have become popular because of the side effects of existing drugs used in therapy, and the number of research studies in this field has increased considerably. The results obtained from in vivo and in vitro studies are remarkable. Studies conducted with different extracts of many traditional plants have shown that these plants have promising hepatoprotective effects. Although different pathways and mechanisms were mentioned, the plants’ curative effects have been mostly associated with their antioxidant activities. The available data clearly demonstrate the healing power of herbal products in hepatic disorders. However, in order to make these herbals/herbal products usable in treatment, they need to be standardized and their efficacy/safety should be supported by detailed biochemical and clinical studies.

We have studied Hypericum scabrum L. plant which belongs to the Hypericaceae family, naturally growing in Anatolia. The aim of this research is to investigate the chemical composition (total phenol, total flavonoid) of 70% methanol and water extracts prepared from the underground and flowering aerial parts to investigate the antioxidant and cytotoxic activity. In order to determine the antioxidant activities of the extracts, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2 '-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging activities and the inhibition of beta-carotene/linoleic acid co-oxidation were studied. In cytotoxicity experiments, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) -2,5-diphenyltetrazolium (MTT) method was used on human lung cancer cell line (A549), human colon adenocarcinoma cell line (COLO 205) and mouse fibroblast (L929) cell line. When the chemical composition of the extracts was examined, the richest extract in terms of total phenolic content was found to be water extract prepared form the flowering part of the plant, and this extract was evaluated to be more active in DPPH radical scavenging activity test than the other extracts. In the cytotoxicity assays, 70% methanol extracts prepared from the flowering and root parts of the plant showed more inhibitory effects on cell viability than water extracts. Our experimental evidence suggests that these Hypericum extracts may be useful as antioxidant and cytotoxic agents.

Karatoprak, Gokce Seker/0000-0001-5829-6914; Pasayeva, Leyla/0000-0003-3860-7222; KONGUL SAFAK, ESRA/0000-0003-4775-6860, WOS: 000510208600017, Aerial part extracts of Kitaibelia balansae Boiss. were examined for their phenolic contents, as well as anti-inflammatory activities. the chemical compositions of the extracts were analysed by spectrophotometric and chromatographic (HPLC/ MS/MS and HPLC-PDA) approaches. To measure anti-inflammatory activity, the effects of the extracts on nitric oxide (NO) and Tumour Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) levels were measured in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treated murine macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7). the ethyl acetate fraction was found to be abundant in phenolic compounds (259.78 +/- 15.07 mg(GAE)/gextract). Rutin was identified as the major compound in all the extracts. the ethyl acetate fraction potentially inhibited NO and TNF-alpha production (37.26 mu M and 1781.524 pg/mL, respectively, 6 h) in LPS induced cells., Erciyes University Scientific Research ProjectsErciyes University [THD-2016-6600], Erciyes University Scientific Research Projects (THD-2016-6600) supported this research.