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The ECN3 Beam Delivery Task Force was mandated by the PBC Study Group to assess the technical feasibility of increasing the proton beam intensity to the ECN3 hall of the North Area to satisfy the demands of a compelling set of PBC experimental physics proposals. This report summarises the findings of the Task Force that converge on a technically feasible solution with an implementation timeline that could exploit and build upon the investment already foreseen as part of Phase 1 of the NA-CONS project, and take the SPS complex into a new intensity frontier for Fixed Target physics in Run4.

The CHARM High-energy Ions for Micro Electronics Reliability Assurance (CHIMERA) working group at CERN is investigating the feasibility of delivering high energy ion beams to the CHARM facility for the study of radiation effects to electronics components engineered to operate in harsh radiation environments, such as space or high-energy accelerators. The Proton Synchrotron has the potential of delivering the required high energy and high-Z (in this case, Pb) ions for radiation tests over the relevant range of Linear Energy Transfer of ~ 10 - 40 MeV cm²/mg with a > 1 mm penetration depth in silicon, specifically for single event effect tests. This contribution summarises the working group’s progress in demonstrating the feasibility of variable energy slow extraction and over a wide range of intensities. The results of a dedicated 6 GeV/u Pb ion beam test are reported to understand the performance limitations of the beam instrumentation systems needed to characterise the beam in CHARM., Proceedings of the 13th International Particle Accelerator Conference, IPAC2022, Bangkok, Thailand

The LHC heavy-ion program with 208Pb⁸²⁺ beams is foreseen to benefit from a significant intensity upgrade in 2022. A performance limitation may arise from ion fragments scattered out of the collimators in the betatron cleaning insertion, which risk quenching superconducting magnets during periods of short beam lifetime. In order to mitigate this risk, an alternative collimation technique, relying on bent crystals as primary collimators, will be used in future heavy-ion runs. In this paper, we study the power deposition in superconducting magnets by means of FLUKA shower simulations, comparing the standard collimation system against the crystal-based one. The studies focus on the dispersion suppressor regions downstream of the betatron cleaning insertion, where the ion fragment losses are the highest. Based on these studies, we quantify the expected quench margin expected in future runs with 208Pb⁸²⁺ beams., Proceedings of the 13th International Particle Accelerator Conference, IPAC2022, Bangkok, Thailand

The Chopper Dump in the Linac4 accelerator at CERN is a beam-intercepting device responsible for the absorption of the 3 MeV H⁻ ion beam produced by the Linac4 source and deflected upstream by an electromagnetic chopper. It allows a portion of the beam, which would otherwise fall into the unstable region of the radiofrequency buckets in the Proton Synchrotron Booster, to be dumped at low energy with minimal induced radiation. It may also be used to absorb the entire beam. With peak currents of 25 to 45 mA and shallow penetration, this results in large deposited energy densities, thermal gradients and mechanical stresses. Additional constraints arise from geometric integration, vacuum and radiation protection requirements. Material selection, beam-matter interaction studies and thermo-structural analyses are important aspects of the design process. The Chopper Dump underwent modification in 2019 following observed material degradation in the original version of the device. The experience gained, modifications made and observations noted since then are detailed herein. Against this background, the design and analysis of an upgraded device, intended to cope with future operational conditions, is outlined and discussed., Proceedings of the 13th International Particle Accelerator Conference, IPAC2022, Bangkok, Thailand

Starting from LHC Run3, a first upgrade of the LHCb experiment (Upgrade I) will enable oeration with a significantly increased instantaneous luminosity in the LHC Insertion Region 8 (IR8), up to 2·10³³/(cm² s). Moreover, the proposed second upgrade of the LHCb experiment (Upgrade II) aims at increasing it by an extra factor 7.5 and collecting an integrated luminosity of 400/fb by the end of Run6. Such an ambitious goal poses challenges not only for the detector but also for the accelerator components. Monte Carlo simulations represent a valuable tool to predict the implications of the radiation impact on the machine, especially for future operational scenarios. A detailed IR8 model implemented by means of the FLUKA code is presented in this study. With such a model, we calculated the power density and dose distributions in the superconducting coils of the LHC final focusing quadrupoles (Q1-Q3) and separation dipole (D1) and we highlight a few critical issues calling for mitigation measures. Our study addresses also the recombination dipole (D2) and the suitability of the present TANb absorber, as well as the proton losses in the Dispersion Suppressor (DS) and their implications., Proceedings of the 13th International Particle Accelerator Conference, IPAC2022, Bangkok, Thailand

The CERN Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) routinely delivers proton and heavy ion beams to the North experimental Area (NA) in the form of 4.8 s spills. To produce such a long flux of particles, resonant third integer slow extraction is used, which, by design, foresees primary beam lost on the electrostatic septum wires to separate circulating from extracted beam. Shadowing with thin bent crystal has been proposed and successfully tested in the SPS, as detailed in *. In 2021, a thin crystal was used for physics production showing results compatible with what measured during early testing. In this paper, the results from the 2021 physics run are presented also comparing particle losses at extraction with previous operational years. The setting up of the crystal using numerical optimisers is detailed, with possible implementation of reinforcement learning (RL) agents to improve the setting up time. Finally, the full exploitation of crystal shadowing via multi-array crystals is discussed, together with the performance reach in the SPS., Proceedings of the 13th International Particle Accelerator Conference, IPAC2022, Bangkok, Thailand

During Multi-Turn Extraction (MTE) of continuous beams in the Proton Synchrotron (PS) at CERN, losses are generated on the blade of both the active and non-active septum during the rise time of the extraction kickers. Utilising pCVD Diamond detectors, secondary signal generated from these losses is measured. The high time resolution of these devices allows for insight into the detail of the horizontal beam distribution during extraction, and hence useful information such as the horizontal beam emittance may be computed. In this contribution, FLUKA simulations to relate the detector response to the beam impact conditions on the blades of the two septa are presented. The dependence on the beam angle, magnetic fringe field, and positioning of the detector is explored. Finally, realistic beam distributions are used to determine expected signal profiles at each septum., Proceedings of the 12th International Particle Accelerator Conference, IPAC2021, Campinas, SP, Brazil

This document describes the FLUKA studies of SPS-to-LHC injection losses. The TI8/IR8 model has been developed especially to understand and predict the effect of the proton impacts on the passive protection system of the SPS-to-LHC transfer line of beam 2. It provides a powerful tool for designing new loss mitigation solutions. The Run-2 commissioning data was instrumental in carry- ing out a benchmark study and building confidence into the model. The absolute comparison with experimental measurements, including a quench event, provides a better physical understanding of beam loss effects. The High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) upgrade requires substantial changes in the full chain of the LHC injectors. In accordance with LHC Injectors Upgrade (LIU) project, a new transfer line protection system has been designed to attenuate HL-LHC beam to safe levels in case of mis-injection. The TI8 model was used to simulate loss effects in the new layout and to design a dedicated shielding system for the LHC-BLMs.

The use of a bent crystal was investigated in order to reduce the losses at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) electrostatic septa (ZS) during the slow extraction of 400 GeV protons toward the North Area. The crystal, installed a few meters upstream the ZS, bends protons that would otherwise impinge on the ZS wires. Since particle deflection with good efficiency is achieved only when the crystal lattice is aligned within ~10 urad to the trajectory of the particles (at p = 400 GeV/c), a compact goniometer was built to allow the correct angular alignment of the crystal with respect to the incoming beam with a precision of few urad. In this paper, we report on the crystal features measured during a dedicated beam test by the UA9 experimental installation in the CERN H8 beam line. Details of the goniometer and its installation are also reported. The first results achieved during dedicated Machine Development (MD) sessions are finally presented., Proceedings of the 10th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2019, Melbourne, Australia

Slow extraction using the third-integer resonance and thin electrostatic septa as used in the SPS to serve the North Area is a process with inherent beam loss. For high-flux 400 GeV protons, the beam losses result in high machine activation, reduced component lifetime and severe limitations on personnel access and maintenance. The instantaneous and integrated loss levels are strong limitations on the annual attainable POT for present operation and for the much higher fluxes requested by SHiP at the proposed BDF facility. In this report the present constraints and potential improvements to the slow extraction system in the SPS are described along with the recent theoretical studies and practical implementation of prospective operational improvements. Machine results of testing of new extraction loss reduction techniques and hardware are presented in the context of SHiP POT requests, SPS BDF and the PBC project and the potential extraction loss reduction factor is evaluated with an outlook to future high intensity operation. The prospects of deployment on the present operational beams and the resulting improvement factors are discussed.

Annual high intensity requests of over 10¹⁹ protons on target (POT) from the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) Fixed Target (FT) physics program continue, with the prospect of requests for even higher, unprecedented levels in the coming decade. A concerted and multifaceted R effort has been launched to understand and reduce the slow extraction induced radioactivation of the SPS and to anticipate future experimental proposals, such as SHiP* at the SPS Beam Dump Facility (BDF)**, which will request an additional 4·10¹⁹ POT per year. In this contribution, we report on operational improvements and recent advances that have been made to significantly reduce the slow extraction losses, by up to a factor of 3, with the deployment of new extraction concepts, including passive and active (thin, bent crystal) diffusers and extraction on the third-integer resonance with octupoles. In light of the successful tests of the prototype extraction loss reduction schemes, an outlook and implications for future SPS FT operation will be presented., Proceedings of the 10th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2019, Melbourne, Australia

At CERN, the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) is equipped with a resonant slow extraction system in Long Straight Section 2 (LSS2) towards the fixed target (FT) beam lines in the North Area. The extraction region provides the physics experiments with a quasi-DC flux of high-energy protons over a few seconds, which corresponds to tens of thousands of turns. The resonant slow extraction process provokes beam losses and is therefore the origin of radiation damage and the production of induced radioactivity in this region of the machine. This induced radioactivity imposed high constraints on the equipment design to be reliable to minimise the radiation exposure to personnel during machine maintenance. A detailed FLUKA model was developed in order to better understand the beam loss patterns, activation of the machine and to identify equipment components that could be optimised to reduce the residual dose related hazards. Simulations identified multiple alternative materials for extraction equipment components as well as shielding locations, which implementation could reduce residual activation hazards., Proceedings of the 10th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2019, Melbourne, Australia

PIP-II is the Fermilab’s flagship project to provide powerful, high-intensity proton beams to the laboratory’s experiments. The heart of the PIP-II project is an H⁻ 800 MeV superconducting linear accelerator. In order to commission the beam and operate safely the linac, several constraints were evaluated. The design of a movable 5 kW beam absorber was finalized to allow staged beam commissioning in different linac locations. Prompt and residual radiation levels were calculated, and radiation shields were optimized to keep those values within the acceptable levels in the areas surrounding beam absorber. Monte Carlo calculations with FLUKA and MARS15 codes are presented in the paper to support these studies., Proceedings of the 10th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2019, Melbourne, Australia

PIP-II is the Fermilab's flagship project for providing powerful, high-intensity proton beams to the laboratory's experiments. The heart of PIP-II is an 800-MeV superconducting linac accelerator. It will be located in a new tunnel with new service buildings and connected to the present Booster through a new transfer line. To support the design of civil engineering and mechanical integration, this paper provides preliminary estimation of radiation level in the gallery at an operational beam loss limit of 0.1 W/m, by means of Monte Carlo calculations with FLUKA and MARS15 codes., 4 pp. Proceedings of IPAC2018, Vancouver, BC, Canada

Presently, the LHCb experiment at IP8 operates at reduced luminosity (~4.0 1032 cm-2 s-1) compared to ATLAS and CMS experiments. The LHCb collaboration is proposing an Upgrade II during HL-LHC operation, where the beams at IP8 will collide at high-luminosity (~1-2 1034 cm-2 s-1), comparable to the present high-luminosity regions IP1&IP5. The LHCb experiment aims to collect more than 300 fb-1 by the end of the HL-LHC operation. A feasibility study of operating IP8 at high-luminosity whilst preserving the performance at IP1 and IP5 and on the impact to the LHC machine and experimental cavern was done. Optics studies shows that solutions allowing to reach an integrated luminosity of 40 to 50 fb-1 per year to LHCb/IP8 at the cost of a reduction of about 5% in the integrated luminosity of the main experiments ATLAS and CMS, under the assumption that there are no lifetime limitations besides burn-off, are feasible. Energy deposition in the machine elements of the IR straight section 8 and LHC infrastructure and possible mitigation options were evaluated, revealing the challenges involved but also showing possible mitigation solutions. This is a first study with preliminary findings on the key aspects of operating LHCb at high-luminosity. In addition, aspects like beam-beam effects that could have an impact on the beam lifetime and on the overall estimates of the integrated luminosities for LHCb and ATLAS and CMS need to be further studied.

The high efficiency of most slow extraction systems makes quantifying the exact amount of beam lost in the process extremely challenging. This is compounded by the lack of time structure in the extracted beam, as is typically required by the high-energy physics experiments, and the difficulty in accurately calibrating D.C. intensity monitors in the extraction line at count rates of ~ 10¹³ Hz. As a result, it is common for the extraction inefficiency to be measured by calibrating the beam loss signal induced by the slow extraction process itself. In this paper, measurements of the extraction efficiency performed at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron for the third-integer resonant slow extraction of 400 GeV protons over recent years will be presented and compared to expectation from simulation. The technique employed will be discussed along with its limitations and an outlook towards a future online extraction efficiency monitoring system will be given., Proceedings of the 9th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2018, Vancouver, BC, Canada

The company A.D.A.M. (Application of Detectors and Accelerators to Medicine), a CERN spin-off, is working on the construction and testing of its first linear accelerator for medical application: LIGHT (Linac for Image-Guided Hadron Therapy). LIGHT is an innovative high frequency proton linac designed to accelerate proton beams up to 230 MeV for protontherapy applications. The LIGHT accelerator consists of three different linac sections: a 750 MHz Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) accelerating the beam up to 5 MeV; a 3 GHz Side Coupled Drift Tube Linac (SCDTL) up to 37.5 MeV; and a 3 GHz Cell Coupled Linac (CCL) section up to 230 MeV. The compact and modular design is based on cutting edge technologies developed for particle colliders and adapted to the needs of hadron therapy beams. A prototype of LIGHT is presently under commissioning at CERN. This paper describes the design aspects and the different stages of installation and commissioning of the LIGHT prototype with emphasis on beam tests results obtained during the past year at different energies., Proceedings of the 9th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2018, Vancouver, BC, Canada

ADAM (Application of Detectors and Accelerators to Medicine), a CERN spin-off company, is developing the Linac for Image Guided Hadron Therapy, LIGHT, which will accelerate proton beams up to 230 MeV. The design of the linac will allow fast intensity and energy modulation for pencil-beam scanning during cancer treatment. The linac consists of a 40 keV Proton Injector; a 750 MHz Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) accelerating the proton beam up to 5 MeV; a 3 GHz Side Coupled Drift Tube Linac (SCDTL) up to 37.5 MeV; and a 3 GHz Cell Coupled Linac (CCL) section up to 230 MeV. A prototype of LIGHT is being commissioned progressively with the installation of the accelerating structures at a CERN site. The beam commissioning of the RFQ, which was designed and built by CERN, was completed in 2017 using a movable beam diagnostic test bench with various instruments. This paper reports on the RFQ commissioning strategy and the results of the beam measurements., Proceedings of the 9th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2018, Vancouver, BC, Canada

The study of machine-induced background to the experiments is vital for several reasons. Too much background can be an issue for operation and the difficult part is to judge when exactly “too much” is attained. It is a complex topic as experiments are directly or indirectly affected by conditions all around the LHC ring e.g. collimation settings and vacuum quality. A detailed study of background can also help understanding the machine better to identify potential issues and complemented by dedicated machine tests. Finally such a study is relevant for the experiments to analyse the characteristics of machine background to make sure not to count it into a new physics signal. This report summarises simulation results of three background sources, local beam-gas, beam-halo from the betatron collimation in IR7 and for the first time beam-halo from momentum collimation in IR3. Two of the most dominant sources, local beam-gas and betatron halo, have been systematically studied for LHC Run 1 and Run 2 cases, and several HL–LHC scenarios. We analyse the evolution of background of these scenarios and discuss rates expected for HL-LHC. Impacts on the tertiary collimators upstream of ATLAS and CMS are analysed, while particle distributions streaming into the experimental area were estimated for ATLAS only in detailed shower simulations in all of these scenarios.

The last section of the normal conducting front end of the ESS accelerator is composed by a train of 5 DTL tanks. They accelerate the proton beam from 3.6 until 90 MeV. The evaluation of the radiation field around these beam elements gives a valuable piece of information to define the layout of the electronic devices to be installed in the surrounding tunnel area. Indeed the risk of SEE and long term damage has to be considered in order to max-imize the performance of the ESS accelerator and to avoid possible long down time. A conservative loss distribution is assumed and FLUKA results in term of neutrons and photon fluence are presented., Proceedings of the North American Particle Accelerator Conf., NAPAC2016, Chicago, IL, USA

In the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC), the collimation system will be upgraded in the high-luminosity experimental regions. Additional protection is planned for the Q4 and Q5 magnets that are located further upstream of the tertiary collimators that protect the inner triplet magnets. We evaluate the effect of this proposed collimation layout for the incoming beam 1 on machine-induced background in the experimental area of IR1 (ATLAS). The main scenario is the round optics with β∗ of 15 cm, but a flat scenario is also briefly discussed., Proceedings of the 6th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2015, Richmond, VA, USA

In the framework of the upgrade of the LHC machine, the powering of the LHC magnets foresees the removal of the power converters and distribution feedboxes from the tunnel and its location at the surface[1]. The Magnesium Diboride (MgB2) connecting lines in the tunnel will be exposed to the debris from 7+7 TeV p-p interaction. The Superconducting (SC) Links will arrive from the surface to the tunnel near the separation dipole, at about 80 m from the Interaction Point at IP1 and IP5. The Connection Box (where the cables of the SC Links are connected to the NbTi bus bar) will be close to the beam pipe. The debris and its effect on the MgB2 SC links in the connection box (energy deposition and displacement per atom) are presented. The effect of thermal neutrons on the Boron consumption and the contribution of the lithium nucleus and the alpha particle on the DPA are evaluated. The results are normalized to an integrated luminosity of 3000 fb-1, value that represents the LHC High Luminosity lifetime. The dose delivered to the SC Links is found to be below the damage limit. Further studies are necessary to correlate the induced displacement per atom to the superconducting properties., Proceedings of the 6th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2015, Richmond, VA, USA

High-intensity and high-brightness beams are key ingredients to maximize the integrated luminosity of the LHC and exploit its full potential. This contribution will describe the optimization of the beam and machine parameters to maximize the integrated luminosity for the LHC experiments, by taking into account the expected intensity and brightness reach of the LHC and its injector chain and the capabilities of the detectors for the next run and foreseen upgrade scenarios.

In order to evaluate the energy deposition and radiation issues concerning the ESS accelerator, a FLUKA model of the machine has been created. The geometry of the superconducting beam line is built according to the machine optics, described in the TraceWin file and the CATIA drawings of the beam elements, using the LineBuilder tool developed at CERN. The objective is to create a flexible FLUKA model that is able to be adapted to the optimization of the optics, design modifications and machine integration constraints. Preliminary results are also presented., Proceedings of the 6th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2015, Richmond, VA, USA

In the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) Project, the LHC will be significantly upgraded to attain a peak luminosity of up to 8.5 × 10³⁴ cm⁻²s⁻¹, thus almost an order of magnitude higher compared to the nominal machine configuration in ATLAS at IP1 and CMS at IP5. In the view of a successful machine setup as well as a successful physics programme, beam induced background studies at IP1 were performed to investigate sources of particle fluxes to the experimental area. In particular as a start of the study, two sources forming the major contributions were simulated in detail: the first one considers inelastic interactions from beam particles hitting tertiary collimators, the second one from beam interactions with residual gas-molecules in the vacuum pipe close by the experiment, referred to as beam-halo and local beam-gas, respectively. We will present these first HL-LHC background studies based on SixTrack and FLUKA simulations, highlighting the simulation setup for the design case in the HL-LHC scenario. Results of particle spectra entering the ATLAS detector region are presented for the latest study version of HL-LHC machine layout (2013)., Proceedings of the 5th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2014, Dresden, Germany

The LHCb detector will be upgraded during the second long shutdown (LS2) of the LHC machine, in order to increase its statistical precision significantly. The upgraded LHCb foresees a peak luminosity of L = 1-2 . 10³³ cm⁻² s^{−1}, with a pileup of 5. This represents ten times more luminosity and five times more pile up than in the present LHC. With these conditions, the pp-collisions and beam losses will produce a non-negligeable beam-induced energy deposition in the interaction region. More precisely, studies have shown that the energy deposition will especially increase on the D2 recombination dipole, which could bring them close to their safety thresholds. To avoid this, the placement of a minimal neutral absorber has been proposed. This absorber will have the same role as the TAN in the high luminosity Interaction Regions (IR) 1 and 5. This study shows the possible dimensions and location of this absorber, and how it would reduce both the peak power density and total heat load., Proceedings of the 5th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2014, Dresden, Germany

The luminosity expected at the interaction points in LHC at 7 TeV will be unprecedented, up to 1034 cm−2 s−1 . Part of the debris produced by the collisions is lost locally im- mediately downstream the Interaction Point (IP), in the matching section and dispersion suppressor. In this paper, the dynamics of collision debris protons is discussed. First, the loss distributions close to the collision points, simulated with two codes – SixTrack and FLUKA – are compared for different layout configurations. Then, SixTrack is used to simulate the fraction of protons that have undergone inelastic interactions with smaller energy and and betatron offsets, which could travel for several turns around the ring and might be lost in other collimation insertions. A preliminary comparison is made between the resulting loss distribution and measurements., Proceedings of the 5th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2014, Dresden, Germany

After operation at the nominal luminosity, the LHC is planned to be upgraded to a 5-fold increased luminosity of 5×1034 cm⁻²s^{−1}. The upgrade includes replacement of the IP1/IP5 inner triplet 70-mm NbTi quadrupoles with the 150-mm coil aperture Nb3Sn quadrupoles along with the new 150-mm coil aperture NbTi dipole magnet. A detailed model of the region with these new magnets, field maps, corrector packages, segmented tungsten inner absorbers was built and implemented into the FLUKA and MARS codes. Various aspects of the new design were studied: (i) thicknesses of tungsten absorbers; (ii) beam screen interruption in interconnects; (iii) crossing angle value and orientation, etc. In the optimized configuration, the peak power density averaged over the magnet inner cable width doesn’t exceed 2 mW/cm³, safely below the quench limit. For the integrated luminosity of 3000 fb-1, the highest peak dose of 35 MGy occurs in the corrector package CP, while for other magnets, the peak dose in the innermost insulators ranges from 20 to 30 MGy. Dynamic heat loads to the triplet magnet cold mass are calculated to be on a target 10 W/m level. FLUKA and MARS results agree within 10%., Proceedings of the 5th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2014, Dresden, Germany

With the higher stored energy envisioned for future heavy-ion runs in the LHC and the challenging fragmentation aspect of heavy-ion beams due to interaction with collimator material, the need arises for even more performing collimation systems. One promising solution is crystal channeling, which is used in the HL-LHC baseline and starts with Run III for heavy-ion collimation. To investigate an optimal configuration for the collimation system, a well-tested simulation setup is required. This work shows the simulations of channeling and other coherent effects in the SixTrack-FLUKA Coupling simulation framework and compares simulated loss patterns with data from previous beam tests., Proceedings of the 13th International Particle Accelerator Conference, IPAC2022, Bangkok, Thailand

This paper presents the layout of collimators for HL-LHC in the experimental insertions. On the incoming beam, we propose to install additional tertiary collimators to protect potential new aperture bottlenecks in cells 4 and 5, which in addition reduce the experimental background. For the outgoing beam, the layout of the present LHC with three physics debris absorbers gives sufficient protection for high-luminosity proton operation. However, collisional processes for heavy ions cause localized beam losses with the potential to quench magnets. To alleviate these losses, an installation of dispersion suppressor collimators is proposed., Proceedings of the 6th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2015, Richmond, VA, USA

The European Scanning System, developed to analyse nuclear emulsions at high speed, has been completed with the development of a high level software infrastructure to automate and support large-scale emulsion scanning. In one year, an average installation is capable of performing data-taking and online analysis on a total surface ranging from few m2 to tens of m 2, acquiring many billions of tracks, corresponding to several TB. This paper focuses on the procedures that have been implemented and on their impact on physics measurements. The system proved robust, reliable, fault-tolerant and user-friendly, and seldom needs assistance. A dedicated relational Data Base system is the backbone of the whole infrastructure, storing data themselves and not only catalogues of data files, as in common practice, being a unique case in high-energy physics DAQ systems. The logical organisation of the system is described and a summary is given of the physics measurement that are readily available by automated processing. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved