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28 results on '"Espinoza, Janyra A."'

9. Potenciales consecuencias neurocognitivas de infección por virus respiratorio sincicial humano

Author

Flores, Juan Carlos, Bohmwald, Karen, Espinoza, Janyra, Jara, Cristina, Pena, Marcela, Hoyos-Bachiloglu, Rodrigo, Iturriaga, Carolina, Kalergis, Alexis M, and Borzutzky, Arturo

Subjects
encefalitis, Virus respiratorio sincicial humano, learning, viruses, encephalitis, Human respiratory syncytial virus, aprendizaje, encephalopathy, encefalopatía
Abstract

La infección por virus respiratorio sincicial humano (VRS) es una de las principales causas de morbimortalidad en población pediátrica. La respuesta inmune generada contra VRS es poco eficiente para su eliminación y logra establecer sólo protección parcial contra infecciones posteriores. De especial interés en los últimos años ha sido la descripción de manifestaciones extra-pulmonares de la infección por VRS en hígado, riñón, sistema endocrino, corazón y cerebro. A nivel de sistema nervioso central (SNC), estudios recientes en modelos animales han sugerido problemas neurocognitivos a largo plazo derivados de un daño directo del virus en el cerebro. Este daño logró ser prevenido con vacuna experimental BCG recombinante, que expresa la nucleoproteína N de VRS e induce inmunidad efectiva, impidiendo la diseminación del virus hacia el SNC. Estos hallazgos en modelo animal han dado cuenta de la importancia de efectuar estudios más detallados en niños afectados por VRS grave. Por tal motivo, actualmente se está realizando una evaluación de la posible alteración cognitiva a largo plazo en niños bajo dos años de edad por parte de nuestro grupo. Los resultados de este estudio podrían significar un argumento muy importante para continuar en la búsqueda de un método efectivo de protección contra esta infección. Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection remains as a major cause of morbidity and mortality among pediatric population. Immune response is poor and unable to establish a long term effective protection against this virus. Of particular interest has been the description of extrapulmonary manifestations of RSV infection in liver, kidney, endocrine system, heart and brain, associated to infection of peripheral blood. In the central nervous system (CNS), recent studies in animals have suggested long term neurocognitive impairment due to a direct damage from the virus. This was prevented in rats by a recombinant BCG vaccine expressing a nucleoprotein N of RSV that produces an effective immune response against the virus, not allowing its dissemination to the CNS. These findings in animal models highlight the importance of conducting more specific studies in children affected with severe infection by RSV. Therefore, our group is currently conducting an assessment of the possible long-term cognitive impairment in children under 2 years. The results of this study could be a strong argument to continue looking for an effective method for protecting against RSV infection.

Published
2016

12. Heme Oxygenase-1 Modulates Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Replication and Lung Pathogenesis during Infection

Author

Espinoza, Janyra A., primary, León, Miguel A., additional, Céspedes, Pablo F., additional, Gómez, Roberto S., additional, Canedo-Marroquín, Gisela, additional, Riquelme, Sebastían A., additional, Salazar-Echegarai, Francisco J., additional, Blancou, Phillipe, additional, Simon, Thomas, additional, Anegon, Ignacio, additional, Lay, Margarita K., additional, González, Pablo A., additional, Riedel, Claudia A., additional, Bueno, Susan M., additional, and Kalergis, Alexis M., additional

Published
2017
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17. Response to lipopolysaccharide in Octodon degus pups produces age‐related sickness behavior but does not have effects in juveniles.

Author

RAMIREZ‐OTAROLA, Natalia, ESPINOZA, Janyra, KALERGIS, Alexis M., and SABAT, Pablo

Subjects
*DEGUS, *PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of lipopolysaccharides, *IMMUNE response, *VERTEBRATE development, *ENDOTOXINS, *LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES
Abstract

During vertebrate development, the immune function is inefficient and is mainly controlled by innate defense. While there have been detailed studies of various aspects of innate immune function, the effects of this function in the growth of vertebrates is still not well known. Similarly, there is little information regarding how early endotoxin exposure would affect juvenile phenotypes, specifically in a non‐model mammal like a precocial rodent. We evaluated the response to an antigen and its cost in offspring of the rodent Octodon degus. We inoculated pups at 4 different ages (8, 15, 22 and 30 days after birth) with an antigen to determine the ontogeny and costs of the response to an endotoxin. We assessed changes in body mass, body temperature, sickness behavior and the levels of a key mediator of the inflammatory response, the cytokine interleukin‐1β. We also determined the effects of early endotoxin exposure on the resting metabolic rate of juvenile animals (i.e. 90 days after birth). The cytokine levels, body mass and body temperature were unaffected by time of inoculation and treatment. However, pups subjected to inoculation at 22 days after birth with the antigen showed reduced locomotion. Juvenile resting metabolic rate was not affected by early endotoxin exposure. These results suggest that the magnitude of O. degus responses would not change with age. We discuss whether the lack of effect of the response on body mass or body condition is caused by environmental variables or by the precocial characteristics of O. degus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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24. Aberrant T cell immunity triggered by human Respiratory Syncytial Virus and human Metapneumovirus infection.

Author

González, Andrea E., Lay, Margarita K., Jara, Evelyn L., Espinoza, Janyra A., Gómez, Roberto S., Soto, Jorge, Rivera, Claudia A., Abarca, Katia, Bueno, Susan M., Riedel, Claudia A., and Kalergis, Alexis M.

Subjects
T cells, RESPIRATORY syncytial virus, CELLULAR immunity, B cells, IMMUNE response
Abstract

Human Respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) and human metapneumovirus (hMPV) are the two major etiological viral agents of lower respiratory tract diseases, affecting mainly infants, young children and the elderly. Although the infection of both viruses trigger an antiviral immune response that mediate viral clearance and disease resolution in immunocompetent individuals, the promotion of long-term immunity appears to be deficient and reinfection are common throughout life. A possible explanation for this phenomenon is that hRSV and hMPV, can induce aberrant T cell responses, which leads to exacerbated lung inflammation and poor T and B cell memory immunity. The modulation of immune response exerted by both viruses include different strategies such as, impairment of immunological synapse mediated by viral proteins or soluble factors, and the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines by epithelial cells, among others. All these viral strategies contribute to the alteration of the adaptive immunity in order to increase the susceptibility to reinfections. In this review, we discuss current research related to the mechanisms underlying the impairment of T and B cell immune responses induced by hRSV and hMPV infection. In addition, we described the role each virulence factor involved in immune modulation caused by these viruses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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27. Impaired learning resulting from respiratory syncytial virus (VIR2P.1028)

Author

Espinoza, Janyra, primary, Bohmwald, Karen, additional, Céspedes, Pablo, additional, Gomez, Roberto, additional, Riquelme, Sebastían, additional, Cortes, Claudia, additional, Valenzuela, Javier, additional, Sandoval, Rodrigo, additional, Pancetti, Floria, additional, Bueno, Susan, additional, Riedel, Claudia, additional, and Kalergis, Alexis, additional

Published
2014
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