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2. Global patterns of tree density are contingent upon local determinants in the world’s natural forests

Author

Madrigal-González, Jaime, Calatayud, Joaquín, Ballesteros-Cánovas, Juan A., Escudero, Adrián, Cayuela, Luis, Marqués, Laura, Rueda, Marta, Ruiz-Benito, Paloma, Herrero, Asier, Aponte, Cristina, Sagardia, Rodrigo, Plumptre, Andrew J., Dupire, Sylvain, Espinosa, Carlos I., Tutubalina, Olga V., Myint, Moe, Pataro, Luciano, López-Sáez, Jerome, Macía, Manuel J., Abegg, Meinrad, Zavala, Miguel A., Quesada-Román, Adolfo, Vega-Araya, Mauricio, Golubeva, Elena, Timokhina, Yuliya, Bañares de Dios, Guillermo, Granzow-de la Cerda, Íñigo, and Stoffel, Markus

Published
2023
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3. Global urban environmental change drives adaptation in white clover

Author

Santangelo, James S, Ness, Rob W, Cohan, Beata, Fitzpatrick, Connor R, Innes, Simon G, Koch, Sophie, Miles, Lindsay S, Munim, Samreen, Peres-Neto, Pedro R, Prashad, Cindy, Tong, Alex T, Aguirre, Windsor E, Akinwole, Philips O, Alberti, Marina, Álvarez, Jackie, Anderson, Jill T, Anderson, Joseph J, Ando, Yoshino, Andrew, Nigel R, Angeoletto, Fabio, Anstett, Daniel N, Anstett, Julia, Aoki-Gonçalves, Felipe, Arietta, AZ Andis, Arroyo, Mary TK, Austen, Emily J, Baena-Díaz, Fernanda, Barker, Cory A, Baylis, Howard A, Beliz, Julia M, Benitez-Mora, Alfonso, Bickford, David, Biedebach, Gabriela, Blackburn, Gwylim S, Boehm, Mannfred MA, Bonser, Stephen P, Bonte, Dries, Bragger, Jesse R, Branquinho, Cristina, Brans, Kristien I, Bresciano, Jorge C, Brom, Peta D, Bucharova, Anna, Burt, Briana, Cahill, James F, Campbell, Katelyn D, Carlen, Elizabeth J, Carmona, Diego, Castellanos, Maria Clara, Centenaro, Giada, Chalen, Izan, Chaves, Jaime A, Chávez-Pesqueira, Mariana, Chen, Xiao-Yong, Chilton, Angela M, Chomiak, Kristina M, Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F, Cisse, Ibrahim K, Classen, Aimée T, Comerford, Mattheau S, Fradinger, Camila Cordoba, Corney, Hannah, Crawford, Andrew J, Crawford, Kerri M, Dahirel, Maxime, David, Santiago, De Haan, Robert, Deacon, Nicholas J, Dean, Clare, del-Val, Ek, Deligiannis, Eleftherios K, Denney, Derek, Dettlaff, Margarete A, DiLeo, Michelle F, Ding, Yuan-Yuan, Domínguez-López, Moisés E, Dominoni, Davide M, Draud, Savannah L, Dyson, Karen, Ellers, Jacintha, Espinosa, Carlos I, Essi, Liliana, Falahati-Anbaran, Mohsen, Falcão, Jéssica CF, Fargo, Hayden T, Fellowes, Mark DE, Fitzpatrick, Raina M, Flaherty, Leah E, Flood, Pádraic J, Flores, María F, Fornoni, Juan, Foster, Amy G, Frost, Christopher J, Fuentes, Tracy L, Fulkerson, Justin R, Gagnon, Edeline, Garbsch, Frauke, Garroway, Colin J, Gerstein, Aleeza C, and Giasson, Mischa M

Subjects
Adaptation, Physiological, Biological Evolution, Cities, Ecosystem, Genes, Plant, Genome, Plant, Hydrogen Cyanide, Rural Population, Trifolium, Urbanization, General Science & Technology
Abstract

Urbanization transforms environments in ways that alter biological evolution. We examined whether urban environmental change drives parallel evolution by sampling 110,019 white clover plants from 6169 populations in 160 cities globally. Plants were assayed for a Mendelian antiherbivore defense that also affects tolerance to abiotic stressors. Urban-rural gradients were associated with the evolution of clines in defense in 47% of cities throughout the world. Variation in the strength of clines was explained by environmental changes in drought stress and vegetation cover that varied among cities. Sequencing 2074 genomes from 26 cities revealed that the evolution of urban-rural clines was best explained by adaptive evolution, but the degree of parallel adaptation varied among cities. Our results demonstrate that urbanization leads to adaptation at a global scale.

Published
2022

4. Plant height and hydraulic vulnerability to drought and cold

Author

Olson, Mark E, Soriano, Diana, Rosell, Julieta A, Anfodillo, Tommaso, Donoghue, Michael J, Edwards, Erika J, León-Gómez, Calixto, Dawson, Todd, Camarero Martínez, J Julio, Castorena, Matiss, Echeverría, Alberto, Espinosa, Carlos I, Fajardo, Alex, Gazol, Antonio, Isnard, Sandrine, Lima, Rivete S, Marcati, Carmen R, and Méndez-Alonzo, Rodrigo

Subjects
Climate Action, Acclimatization, Cold Temperature, Dehydration, Magnoliopsida, Tundra, adaptation, allometry, climate change, forest dieback, embolism vulnerability
Abstract

Understanding how plants survive drought and cold is increasingly important as plants worldwide experience dieback with drought in moist places and grow taller with warming in cold ones. Crucial in plant climate adaptation are the diameters of water-transporting conduits. Sampling 537 species across climate zones dominated by angiosperms, we find that plant size is unambiguously the main driver of conduit diameter variation. And because taller plants have wider conduits, and wider conduits within species are more vulnerable to conduction-blocking embolisms, taller conspecifics should be more vulnerable than shorter ones, a prediction we confirm with a plantation experiment. As a result, maximum plant size should be short under drought and cold, which cause embolism, or increase if these pressures relax. That conduit diameter and embolism vulnerability are inseparably related to plant size helps explain why factors that interact with conduit diameter, such as drought or warming, are altering plant heights worldwide.

Published
2018

8. Biodiversity and ecosystem functions depend on environmental conditions and resources rather than the geodiversity of a tropical biodiversity hotspot

Author

Wallis, Christine I. B., Tiede, Yvonne C., Beck, Erwin, Böhning-Gaese, Katrin, Brandl, Roland, Donoso, David A., Espinosa, Carlos I., Fries, Andreas, Homeier, Jürgen, Inclan, Diego, Leuschner, Christoph, Maraun, Mark, Mikolajewski, Katrin, Neuschulz, Eike Lena, Scheu, Stefan, Schleuning, Matthias, Suárez, Juan P., Tinoco, Boris A., Farwig, Nina, and Bendix, Jörg

Published
2021
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11. Soil fungal abundance and plant functional traits drive fertile island formation in global drylands

Author

Ochoa-Hueso, Raúl, Soliveres, Santiago, Eldridge, David J., Bowker, Matthew A., Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Gross, Nicolas, Le Bagousse-Pinguet, Yoann, Arredondo, Tulio, Quero, José L., García-Gómez, Miguel, Valencia, Enrique, Beinticinco, Laura, Bran, Donaldo, Cea, Alex, Coaguila, Daniel, Gaitán, Juan, Dougill, Andrew J., Espinosa, Carlos I., Guuroh, Reginald T., Guzman, Elizabeth, Gutiérrez, Julio R., Hernández, Rosa M., Huber-Sannwald, Elisabeth, Linstädter, Anja, Jeffries, Thomas, Mau, Rebecca L., Monerris, Jorge, Prina, Aníbal, Pucheta, Eduardo, Stavi, Ilan, Thomas, Andrew D., Singh, Brajesh K., Maestre, Fernando T., and Zaady, Eli

Published
2018

12. Climate reverses directionality in the richness–abundance relationship across the World’s main forest biomes

Author

Madrigal-González, Jaime, Calatayud, Joaquín, Ballesteros-Cánovas, Juan A., Escudero, Adrián, Cayuela, Luis, Rueda, Marta, Ruiz-Benito, Paloma, Herrero, Asier, Aponte, Cristina, Sagardia, Rodrigo, Plumptre, Andrew J., Dupire, Sylvain, Espinosa, Carlos I., Tutubalina, Olga, Myint, Moe, Pataro, Luciano, López-Sáez, Jerome, Macía, Manuel J., Abegg, Meinrad, Zavala, Miguel A., Quesada-Román, Adolfo, Vega-Araya, Mauricio, Golubeva, Elena, Timokhina, Yuliya, and Stoffel, Markus

Published
2020
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14. Reproductive events of birds from Southern Ecuador.

Author

Alarcón, Ibeth P., Abril, Paul Molina, Ríos, María Cristina, Orihuela-Torres, Adrian, Carrasco, Agustín, Pacheco, Daniel, Juca, Edison, Arias, Ruth, Espinosa, Carlos I., Ordóñez-Delgado, Leonardo, Cadena-Ortiz, Héctor, and Tinoco, Boris A.

Subjects
BIRD behavior, NATURAL history, ANIMAL sexual behavior, PARALICHTHYS
Abstract

Understanding the reproductive biology of birds is crucial for comprehending their natural history and implementing effective conservation practices. However, there is limited information available on the reproductive behavior of many bird species in Southern Ecuador. This manuscript contributes to the knowledge of the reproductive biology of 127 bird species from the region, providing detailed information on five species whose reproductive traits were previously undocumented (Urochroa leucura, Agriornis albicauda, Turdus maranonicus, Spinus olivaceus, and Stilpnia viridicollis), as well as reproductive data on 12 species for which information was scarce (Heliangelus viola, Chalcostigma stanleyi, Eriocnemis luciani, Coeligena iris, Megascops koepckeae, Conopophaga castaneiceps, Sclerurus obscurior, Leptasthenura andicola, Ochthoeca fumicolor, Geospizopsis unicolor, Catamenia inornata, and Sporophila castaneiventris). Furthermore, we include additional information on the reproductive biology of 110 species that have already been documented. This manuscript provides the most up-to-date inventory of the reproductive behavior of bird species in Southern Ecuador, which can aid in the development of better conservation strategies in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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17. Human impacts and aridity differentially alter soil N availability in drylands worldwide

Author

Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Maestre, Fernando T., Gallardo, Antonio, Eldridge, David J., Soliveres, Santiago, Bowker, Matthew A., Prado-Comesaña, Ana, Gaitán, Juan, Quero, José L., Ochoa, Victoria, Gozalo, Beatriz, García-Gómez, Miguel, García-Palacios, Pablo, Berdugo, Miguel, Valencia, Enrique, Escolar, Cristina, Arredondo, Tulio, Barraza-Zepeda, Claudia, Boeken, Bertrand R., Bran, Donaldo, Cabrera, Omar, Carreira, José A., Chaieb, Mohamed, Conceição, Abel A., Derak, Mchich, Ernst, Ricardo, Espinosa, Carlos I., Florentino, Adriana, Gatica, Gabriel, Ghiloufi, Wahida, Gómez-González, Susana, Gutiérrez, Julio R., Hernández, Rosa M., Huber-Sannwald, Elisabeth, Jankju, Mohammad, Mau, Rebecca L., Miriti, Maria, Monerris, Jorge, Morici, Ernesto, Muchane, Muchai, Naseri, Kamal, Pucheta, Eduardo, Ramírez, Elizabeth, Ramírez-Collantes, David A., Romão, Roberto L., Tighe, Matthew, Torres, Duilio, Torres-Díaz, Cristian, Val, James, Veiga, José P., Wang, Deli, Yuan, Xia, and Zaady, Eli

Published
2016

19. Grazing and ecosystem service delivery in global drylands

Author

Maestre, Fernando T., primary, Le Bagousse-Pinguet, Yoann, additional, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, additional, Eldridge, David J., additional, Saiz, Hugo, additional, Berdugo, Miguel, additional, Gozalo, Beatriz, additional, Ochoa, Victoria, additional, Guirado, Emilio, additional, García-Gómez, Miguel, additional, Valencia, Enrique, additional, Gaitán, Juan J., additional, Asensio, Sergio, additional, Mendoza, Betty J., additional, Plaza, César, additional, Díaz-Martínez, Paloma, additional, Rey, Ana, additional, Hu, Hang-Wei, additional, He, Ji-Zheng, additional, Wang, Jun-Tao, additional, Lehmann, Anika, additional, Rillig, Matthias C., additional, Cesarz, Simone, additional, Eisenhauer, Nico, additional, Martínez-Valderrama, Jaime, additional, Moreno-Jiménez, Eduardo, additional, Sala, Osvaldo, additional, Abedi, Mehdi, additional, Ahmadian, Negar, additional, Alados, Concepción L., additional, Aramayo, Valeria, additional, Amghar, Fateh, additional, Arredondo, Tulio, additional, Ahumada, Rodrigo J., additional, Bahalkeh, Khadijeh, additional, Ben Salem, Farah, additional, Blaum, Niels, additional, Boldgiv, Bazartseren, additional, Bowker, Matthew A., additional, Bran, Donaldo, additional, Bu, Chongfeng, additional, Canessa, Rafaella, additional, Castillo-Monroy, Andrea P., additional, Castro, Helena, additional, Castro, Ignacio, additional, Castro-Quezada, Patricio, additional, Chibani, Roukaya, additional, Conceição, Abel A., additional, Currier, Courtney M., additional, Darrouzet-Nardi, Anthony, additional, Deák, Balázs, additional, Donoso, David A., additional, Dougill, Andrew J., additional, Durán, Jorge, additional, Erdenetsetseg, Batdelger, additional, Espinosa, Carlos I., additional, Fajardo, Alex, additional, Farzam, Mohammad, additional, Ferrante, Daniela, additional, Frank, Anke S. K., additional, Fraser, Lauchlan H., additional, Gherardi, Laureano A., additional, Greenville, Aaron C., additional, Guerra, Carlos A., additional, Gusmán-Montalvan, Elizabeth, additional, Hernández-Hernández, Rosa M., additional, Hölzel, Norbert, additional, Huber-Sannwald, Elisabeth, additional, Hughes, Frederic M., additional, Jadán-Maza, Oswaldo, additional, Jeltsch, Florian, additional, Jentsch, Anke, additional, Kaseke, Kudzai F., additional, Köbel, Melanie, additional, Koopman, Jessica E., additional, Leder, Cintia V., additional, Linstädter, Anja, additional, le Roux, Peter C., additional, Li, Xinkai, additional, Liancourt, Pierre, additional, Liu, Jushan, additional, Louw, Michelle A., additional, Maggs-Kölling, Gillian, additional, Makhalanyane, Thulani P., additional, Issa, Oumarou Malam, additional, Manzaneda, Antonio J., additional, Marais, Eugene, additional, Mora, Juan P., additional, Moreno, Gerardo, additional, Munson, Seth M., additional, Nunes, Alice, additional, Oliva, Gabriel, additional, Oñatibia, Gastón R., additional, Peter, Guadalupe, additional, Pivari, Marco O. D., additional, Pueyo, Yolanda, additional, Quiroga, R. Emiliano, additional, Rahmanian, Soroor, additional, Reed, Sasha C., additional, Rey, Pedro J., additional, Richard, Benoit, additional, Rodríguez, Alexandra, additional, Rolo, Víctor, additional, Rubalcaba, Juan G., additional, Ruppert, Jan C., additional, Salah, Ayman, additional, Schuchardt, Max A., additional, Spann, Sedona, additional, Stavi, Ilan, additional, Stephens, Colton R. A., additional, Swemmer, Anthony M., additional, Teixido, Alberto L., additional, Thomas, Andrew D., additional, Throop, Heather L., additional, Tielbörger, Katja, additional, Travers, Samantha, additional, Val, James, additional, Valkó, Orsolya, additional, van den Brink, Liesbeth, additional, Ayuso, Sergio Velasco, additional, Velbert, Frederike, additional, Wamiti, Wanyoike, additional, Wang, Deli, additional, Wang, Lixin, additional, Wardle, Glenda M., additional, Yahdjian, Laura, additional, Zaady, Eli, additional, Zhang, Yuanming, additional, Zhou, Xiaobing, additional, Singh, Brajesh K., additional, and Gross, Nicolas, additional

Published
2022
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21. Climate and soil attributes determine plant species turnover in global drylands

Author

Ulrich, Werner, Soliveres, Santiago, Maestre, Fernando T., Gotelli, Nicholas J., Quero, José L., Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Bowker, Matthew A., Eldridge, David J., Ochoa, Victoria, Gozalo, Beatriz, Valencia, Enrique, Berdugo, Miguel, Escolar, Cristina, Garcia-Gómez, Miguel, Escudero, Adrián, Prina, Aníbal, Alfonso, Gracilea, Arredondo, Tulio, Bran, Donaldo, Cabrera, Omar, Cea, Alex P., Chaieb, Mohamed, Contreras, Jorge, Derak, Mchich, Espinosa, Carlos I., Florentino, Adriana, Gaitán, Juan, Muro, Victoria García, Ghiloufi, Wahida, Gómez-González, Susana, Gutiérrez, Julio R., Hernández, Rosa M., Huber-Sannwald, Elisabeth, Jankju, Mohammad, Mau, Rebecca L., Hughes, Frederic Mendes, Miriti, Maria, Monerris, Jorge, Muchane, Muchai, Naseri, Kamal, Pucheta, Eduardo, Ramírez-Collantes, David A., Raveh, Eran, Romão, Roberto L., Torres-Díaz, Cristian, Val, James, Veiga, José Pablo, Wang, Deli, Yuan, Xia, and Zaady, Eli

Published
2014

23. Effects of land use change on the functional diversity and composition of mixed species avian flocks in the high tropical Andes of southern Ecuador.

Author

Jernakoff, Melissa G., Knowlton, Jessie L., Vásquez-Ávila, Bernarda, Espinosa, Carlos I., and Tinoco, Boris A.

Subjects
PREDATION, LAND use, TROPICAL forests, AGRICULTURE, SPECIES, SPECIES diversity
Abstract

Copyright of Journal of Field Ornithology is the property of Resilience Alliance and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2023
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24. Plant Species Richness and Ecosystem Multifunctionality in Global Drylands

Author

Maestre, Fernando T., Quero, José L., Gotelli, Nicholas J., Escudero, Adrián, Ochoa, Victoria, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, García-Gómez, Miguel, Bowker, Matthew A., Soliveres, Santiago, Escolar, Cristina, García-Palacios, Pablo, Berdugo, Miguel, Valencia, Enrique, Gozalo, Beatriz, Gallardo, Antonio, Aguilera, Lorgio, Arredondo, Tulio, Blones, Julio, Boeken, Bertrand, Bran, Donaldo, Conceição, Abel A., Cabrera, Omar, Chaieb, Mohamed, Derak, Mchich, Eldridge, David J., Espinosa, Carlos I., Florentino, Adriana, Gaitán, Juan, Gatica, M. Gabriel, Ghiloufi, Wahida, Gómez-González, Susana, Gutiérrez, Julio R., Hernández, Rosa M., Huang, Xuewen, Huber-Sannwald, Elisabeth, Jankju, Mohammad, Miriti, Maria, Monerris, Jorge, Mau, Rebecca L., Morici, Ernesto, Naseri, Kamal, Ospina, Abelardo, Polo, Vicente, Prina, Aníbal, Pucheta, Eduardo, Ramírez-Collantes, David A., Romão, Roberto, Tighe, Matthew, Torres-Díaz, Cristian, Val, James, Veiga, José P., Wang, Deli, and Zaady, Eli

Published
2012
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29. Decoupling of soil nutrient cycles as a function of aridity in global drylands

Author

Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Maestre, Fernando T., Gallardo, Antonio, Bowker, Matthew A., Wallenstein, Matthew D., Quero, Jose Luis, Ochoa, Victoria, Gozalo, Beatriz, García-Gómez, Miguel, Soliveres, Santiago, García-Palacios, Pablo, Berdugo, Miguel, Valencia, Enrique, Escolar, Cristina, Arredondo, Tulio, Barraza-Zepeda, Claudia, Bran, Donaldo, Carreira, José Antonio, Chaieb, Mohamed, Conceição, Abel A., Derak, Mchich, Eldridge, David J., Escudero, Adrián, Espinosa, Carlos I., Gaitán, Juan, Gatica, Gabriel M., Gómez-González, Susana, Guzman, Elizabeth, Gutiérrez, Julio R., Florentino, Adriana, Hepper, Estela, Hernández, Rosa M., Huber-Sannwald, Elisabeth, Jankju, Mohammad, Liu, Jushan, Mau, Rebecca L., Miriti, Maria, Monerris, Jorge, Naseri, Kamal, Noumi, Zouhaier, Polo, Vicente, Prina, Aníbal, Pucheta, Eduardo, Ramírez, Elizabeth, Ramírez-Collantes, David A., Romão, Roberto, Tighe, Matthew, Torres, Duilio, Torres-Díaz, Cristian, Ungar, Eugene D., Val, James, Wamiti, Wanyoike, Wang, Deli, and Zaady, Eli

Published
2013
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31. Mapping tree species vulnerability to multiple threats as a guide to restoration and conservation of tropical dry forests

Author

Fremout, Tobias, primary, Thomas, Evert, additional, Gaisberger, Hannes, additional, Van Meerbeek, Koenraad, additional, Muenchow, Jannes, additional, Briers, Siebe, additional, Gutierrez‐Miranda, Claudia E., additional, Marcelo‐Peña, José L., additional, Kindt, Roeland, additional, Atkinson, Rachel, additional, Cabrera, Omar, additional, Espinosa, Carlos I., additional, Aguirre‐Mendoza, Zhofre, additional, and Muys, Bart, additional

Published
2020
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33. Surface indicators are correlated with soil multifunctionality in global drylands

Author

Eldridge, David J., primary, Delgado‐Baquerizo, Manuel, additional, Quero, José L., additional, Ochoa, Victoria, additional, Gozalo, Beatriz, additional, García‐Palacios, Pablo, additional, Escolar, Cristina, additional, García‐Gómez, Miguel, additional, Prina, Aníbal, additional, Bowker, Mathew A., additional, Bran, Donaldo E., additional, Castro, Ignacio, additional, Cea, Alex, additional, Derak, Mchich, additional, Espinosa, Carlos I., additional, Florentino, Adriana, additional, Gaitán, Juan J., additional, Gatica, Gabriel, additional, Gómez‐González, Susana, additional, Ghiloufi, Wahida, additional, Gutierrez, Julio R., additional, Gusmán-Montalván, Elizabeth, additional, Hernández, Rosa M., additional, Hughes, Frederic M., additional, Muiño, Walter, additional, Monerris, Jorge, additional, Ospina, Abelardo, additional, Ramírez, David A., additional, Ribas‐Fernández, Yanina A., additional, Romão, Roberto L., additional, Torres‐Díaz, Cristian, additional, Koen, Terrance B., additional, and Maestre, Fernando T., additional

Published
2020
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36. Climate seasonality and tree growth strategies in a tropical dry forest.

Author

García‐Cervigón, Ana I., Camarero, J. Julio, Cueva, Eduardo, Espinosa, Carlos I., Escudero, Adrián, and Scheiner, Sam

Subjects
TROPICAL dry forests, TREE growth, TROPICAL forests, WOOD density, CLIMATE change, FOREST resilience, CLIMATOLOGY
Abstract

Questions: Do tree species in seasonally dry tropical forests differ in the timing of their secondary growth? And in their growth rates between consecutive years? If so, how are these contrasting patterns linked to seasonality in climatic variables (temperature, precipitation)? Which is the role of leaf phenology and functional traits as drivers of stem radial increment responses to climate? Location: A Tumbesian tropical dry forest in southern Ecuador. Methods: We used a 12‐year database of stem radial increments to characterize intra‐ and inter‐annual patterns of secondary growth in 13 co‐existing dominant tree species. For each species, we adjusted an additive model to describe intra‐annual increment patterns and created a mean series of annual increments to describe inter‐annual changes. Adjusted increments were then correlated with monthly temperature and rainfall data over the study period, and also with the crown percentage covered by leaves. The role of functional traits (leaf area, wood density, maximum tree height, seed dry mass) was explored using average trait values per species. Results: We observed continuous variation in the seasonality of radial increments, ranging from species that started incrementing their diameter as early as first rains occurred in the season to species that showed delayed responses. Variability in intra‐ and inter‐annual increment patterns was explained by functional traits (leaf area and seed dry mass, and maximum height and wood density, respectively) and leaf phenology, but this variation was not clearly matched with any functional trait configuration. This, combined with the absence of homogeneous responses of annual growth rates to climate, suggests the existence of contrasting strategies that virtually vary in a species‐specific fashion. Conclusions: Co‐existing tree species in seasonally dry tropical forests show different growth strategies to face intra‐ and inter‐annual climate variations, which may increase the resilience of these forests against projected climatic variations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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37. Soil fungal abundance and plant functional traits drive fertile island formation in global drylands

Author

Ochoa‐Hueso, Raúl, primary, Eldridge, David J., additional, Delgado‐Baquerizo, Manuel, additional, Soliveres, Santiago, additional, Bowker, Matthew A., additional, Gross, Nicolas, additional, Le Bagousse‐Pinguet, Yoann, additional, Quero, José L., additional, García‐Gómez, Miguel, additional, Valencia, Enrique, additional, Arredondo, Tulio, additional, Beinticinco, Laura, additional, Bran, Donaldo, additional, Cea, Alex, additional, Coaguila, Daniel, additional, Dougill, Andrew J., additional, Espinosa, Carlos I., additional, Gaitán, Juan, additional, Guuroh, Reginald T., additional, Guzman, Elizabeth, additional, Gutiérrez, Julio R., additional, Hernández, Rosa M., additional, Huber‐Sannwald, Elisabeth, additional, Jeffries, Thomas, additional, Linstädter, Anja, additional, Mau, Rebecca L., additional, Monerris, Jorge, additional, Prina, Aníbal, additional, Pucheta, Eduardo, additional, Stavi, Ilan, additional, Thomas, Andrew D., additional, Zaady, Eli, additional, Singh, Brajesh K., additional, and Maestre, Fernando T., additional

Published
2017
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39. Intraspecific interactions affect the spatial pattern of a dominant shrub in a semiarid shrubland: A prospective approach.

Author

Espinosa, Carlos I., Vélez‐Mora, Diego P., Ramón, Pablo, Gusmán‐Montalván, Elizabeth, Duncan, David H., and Quintana‐Ascencio, Pedro F.

Subjects
POPULATION dynamics, VITAL statistics, PLANT populations, PHYTOGEOGRAPHY, DEMOGRAPHY, SHRUBS
Abstract

Dispersal, physical conditions and biotic interactions contribute to determine the spatial distribution of individuals in plant populations. Much of what we know has been learned from studies that retrospectively posit mechanisms presumed to have generated the observed spatial patterns. Here we present a prospective approach. We start by measuring spatial demographic effects and evaluate if they can generate observed spatial patterns. We evaluated the influence of interactions among conspecifics on vital rates, demography and spatial distribution of Croton aff. wagneri, a dominant shrub in dry Andean ecosystems. Recruitment, survival and growth varied in relation with distance to conspecifics neighbours and with their summed cover. We built a spatial individual‐based model and simulated its population dynamics in 30 × 30 m plots for a 30‐year period. We compared the predicted spatial pattern from these demographic models with that observed among plants in 16 independent plots with the same area. Simulated populations mimicked observed spatial patterns, although in plots at high elevations the simulated populations did not reproduce the observed inhibition at small scales. Observed and simulated patterns indicated differences between elevations in maximum aggregation and location of the distances with higher aggregation. We discuss how consideration of critical seed and juvenile stages and interspecific interactions could further improve our understanding of spatial pattern and recommend that these factors be considered in future models. We developed a prospective approach to evaluate the influence of interactions among conspecifics on vital rates, demography and spatial distribution of Croton aff. wagneri, a dominant shrub in dry Andean ecosystems. We built a spatial individual‐based model and simulated its population dynamics to compare predicted spatial pattern from demographic models with that observed among plants in 16 independent plots. Simulated populations mimicked observed spatial patterns, although in plots at high elevations the simulated populations did not reproduce the observed inhibition at small scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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40. Human impacts and aridity differentially alter soil N availability in drylands worldwide

Author

Delgado‐Baquerizo, Manuel, primary, Maestre, Fernando T., additional, Gallardo, Antonio, additional, Eldridge, David J., additional, Soliveres, Santiago, additional, Bowker, Matthew A., additional, Prado‐Comesaña, Ana, additional, Gaitán, Juan, additional, Quero, José L., additional, Ochoa, Victoria, additional, Gozalo, Beatriz, additional, García‐Gómez, Miguel, additional, García‐Palacios, Pablo, additional, Berdugo, Miguel, additional, Valencia, Enrique, additional, Escolar, Cristina, additional, Arredondo, Tulio, additional, Barraza‐Zepeda, Claudia, additional, Boeken, Bertrand R., additional, Bran, Donaldo, additional, Cabrera, Omar, additional, Carreira, José A., additional, Chaieb, Mohamed, additional, Conceição, Abel A., additional, Derak, Mchich, additional, Ernst, Ricardo, additional, Espinosa, Carlos I., additional, Florentino, Adriana, additional, Gatica, Gabriel, additional, Ghiloufi, Wahida, additional, Gómez‐González, Susana, additional, Gutiérrez, Julio R., additional, Hernández, Rosa M., additional, Huber‐Sannwald, Elisabeth, additional, Jankju, Mohammad, additional, Mau, Rebecca L., additional, Miriti, Maria, additional, Monerris, Jorge, additional, Morici, Ernesto, additional, Muchane, Muchai, additional, Naseri, Kamal, additional, Pucheta, Eduardo, additional, Ramírez, Elizabeth, additional, Ramírez‐Collantes, David A., additional, Romão, Roberto L., additional, Tighe, Matthew, additional, Torres, Duilio, additional, Torres‐Díaz, Cristian, additional, Val, James, additional, Veiga, José P., additional, Wang, Deli, additional, Yuan, Xia, additional, and Zaady, Eli, additional

Published
2015
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41. Functional traits determine plant co-occurrence more than environment or evolutionary relatedness in global drylands

Author

Soliveres, Santiago, primary, Maestre, Fernando T., additional, Bowker, Matthew A., additional, Torices, Rubén, additional, Quero, José L., additional, García-Gómez, Miguel, additional, Cabrera, Omar, additional, Cea, Alex P., additional, Coaguila, Daniel, additional, Eldridge, David J., additional, Espinosa, Carlos I., additional, Hemmings, Frank, additional, Monerris, Jorge J., additional, Tighe, Matthew, additional, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, additional, Escolar, Cristina, additional, García-Palacios, Pablo, additional, Gozalo, Beatriz, additional, Ochoa, Victoria, additional, Blones, Julio, additional, Derak, Mchich, additional, Ghiloufi, Wahida, additional, Gutiérrez, Julio R., additional, Hernández, Rosa M., additional, and Noumi, Zouhaier, additional

Published
2014
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43. Human impacts and aridity differentially alter soil N availability in drylands worldwide

Author

Val, James, Hernández, Rosa M., Zaady, Eli, Ramírez, Elizabeth, Ernst, Ricardo, Morici, Ernesto, Gozalo, Beatriz, Pucheta, Eduardo, Torres, Duilio, García-Gómez, Miguel, Yuan, Xia, Berdugo, Miguel, Naseri, Kamal, Carreira, José A., Ochoa, Victoria, Wang, Deli, Monerris, Jorge, Jankju, Mohammad, García-Palacios, Pablo, Romão, Roberto L., Ghiloufi, Wahida, Boeken, Bertrand R., Gaitán, Juan, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Eldridge, David J., Miriti, Maria, Quero, José L., Barraza-Zepeda, Claudia, Espinosa, Carlos I., Gutiérrez, Julio R., Florentino, Adriana, Gallardo, Antonio, Maestre, Fernando T., Torres-Díaz, Cristian, Bran, Donaldo, Derak, Mchich, Mau, Rebecca L., Bowker, Matthew A., Prado-Comesaña, Ana, Chaieb, Mohamed, Escolar, Cristina, Conceição, Abel A., Valencia, Enrique, Gatica, Gabriel, Tighe, Matthew, Ramírez-Collantes, David A., Huber-Sannwald, Elisabeth, Muchane, Muchai, Arredondo, Tulio, Soliveres, Santiago, Veiga, José P., Gómez-González, Susana, and Cabrera, Omar

Subjects
2. Zero hunger, 13. Climate action, parasitic diseases, fungi, 15. Life on land, 580 Plants (Botany), geographic locations, humanities, 6. Clean water
Abstract

Aims Climate and human impacts are changing the nitrogen (N) inputs and losses in terrestrial ecosystems. However, it is largely unknown how these two major drivers of global change will simultaneously influence the N cycle in drylands, the largest terrestrial biome on the planet. We conducted a global observational study to evaluate how aridity and human impacts, together with biotic and abiotic factors, affect key soil variables of the N cycle. Location Two hundred and twenty-four dryland sites from all continents except Antarctica widely differing in their environmental conditions and human influence. Methods Using a standardized field survey, we measured aridity, human impacts (i.e. proxies of land uses and air pollution), key biophysical variables (i.e. soil pH and texture and total plant cover) and six important variables related to N cycling in soils: total N, organic N, ammonium, nitrate, dissolved organic:inorganic N and N mineralization rates. We used structural equation modelling to assess the direct and indirect effects of aridity, human impacts and key biophysical variables on the N cycle. Results Human impacts increased the concentration of total N, while aridity reduced it. The effects of aridity and human impacts on the N cycle were spatially disconnected, which may favour scarcity of N in the most arid areas and promote its accumulation in the least arid areas. Main conclusions We found that increasing aridity and anthropogenic pressure are spatially disconnected in drylands. This implies that while places with low aridity and high human impact accumulate N, most arid sites with the lowest human impacts lose N. Our analyses also provide evidence that both increasing aridity and human impacts may enhance the relative dominance of inorganic N in dryland soils, having a negative impact on key functions and services provided by these ecosystems.

44. Functional traits determine plant co-occurrence more than environment or evolutionary relatedness in global drylands

Author

Cabrera, Omar, Quero, Jose L., Torices, Ruben, Ghiloufi, Wahida, Escolar, Cristina, Eldridge, David J., Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Tighe, Matthew, Cea, Alex P., Espinosa, Carlos I., Hernandez, Rosa M., Noumi, Zouhaier, Blones, Julio, Gutierrez, Julio R., Derak, Mchich, Maestre, Fernando T., Hemmings, Frank, Soliveres, Santiago, Monerris, Jorge J., Garcia-Gomez, Miguel, Coaguila, Daniel, Garcia-Palacios, Pablo, Ochoa, Victoria, Gozalo, Beatriz, and Bowker, Matthew A.

Subjects
2. Zero hunger, 15. Life on land, 580 Plants (Botany)
Abstract

Plant-plant interactions are driven by environmental conditions, evolutionary relationships (ER) and the functional traits of the plants involved. However, studies addressing the relative importance of these drivers are rare, but crucial to improve our predictions of the effects of plant-plant interactions on plant communities and of how they respond to differing environmental conditions. To analyze the relative importance of - and interrelationships among - these factors as drivers of plant-plant interactions, we analyzed perennial plant co-occurrence at 106 dryland plant communities established across rainfall gradients in nine countries. We used structural equation modelling to disentangle the relationships between environmental conditions (aridity and soil fertility), functional traits extracted from the literature, and ER, and to assess their relative importance as drivers of the 929 pairwise plant-plant co-occurrence levels measured. Functional traits, specifically facilitated plants' height and nurse growth form, were of primary importance, and modulated the effect of the environment and ER on plant-plant interactions. Environmental conditions and ER were important mainly for those interactions involving woody and graminoid nurses, respectively. The relative importance of different plant-plant interaction drivers (ER, functional traits, and the environment) varied depending on the region considered, illustrating the difficulty of predicting the outcome of plant-plant interactions at broader spatial scales. In our global-scale study on drylands, plant-plant interactions were more strongly related to functional traits of the species involved than to the environmental variables considered. Thus, moving to a trait-based facilitation/competition approach help to predict that: (1) positive plant-plant interactions are more likely to occur for taller facilitated species in drylands, and (2) plant-plant interactions within woody-dominated ecosystems might be more sensitive to changing environmental conditions than those within grasslands. By providing insights on which species are likely to better perform beneath a given neighbour, our results will also help to succeed in restoration practices involving the use of nurse plants. (C) 2014 Geobotanisches Institut ETH, Stiftung Ruebel. Published by Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

45. Soil fungal abundance and plant functional traits drive fertile island formation in global drylands

Author

Ochoa-Hueso, Raúl, Eldridge, David J., Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Soliveres, Santiago, Bowker, Matthew A., Gross, Nicolas, Le Bagousse-Pinguet, Yoann, Quero, José L., García-Gómez, Miguel, Valencia, Enrique, Arredondo, Tulio, Beinticinco, Laura, Bran, Donaldo, Cea, Alex, Coaguila, Daniel, Dougill, Andrew J., Espinosa, Carlos I., Gaitán, Juan, Guuroh, Reginald T., Guzman, Elizabeth, Gutiérrez, Julio R., Hernández, Rosa M., Huber-Sannwald, Elisabeth, Jeffries, Thomas, Linstädter, Anja, Mau, Rebecca L., Monerris, Jorge, Prina, Aníbal, Pucheta, Eduardo, Stavi, Ilan, Thomas, Andrew D., Zaady, Eli, Singh, Brajesh K., and Maestre, Fernando T.

Subjects
2. Zero hunger, 13. Climate action, 15. Life on land, 580 Plants (Botany)
Abstract

Dryland vegetation is characterized by discrete plant patches that accumulate and capture soil resources under their canopies. These “fertile islands” are major drivers of dryland ecosystem structure and functioning, yet we lack an integrated understanding of the factors controlling their magnitude and variability at the global scale. We conducted a standardized field survey across 236 drylands from five continents. At each site, we measured the composition, diversity and cover of perennial plants. Fertile island effects were estimated at each site by comparing composite soil samples obtained under the canopy of the dominant plants and in open areas devoid of perennial vegetation. For each sample, we measured 15 soil variables (functions) associated with carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycling and used the relative interaction index to quantify the magnitude of the fertile island effect for each function. In 80 sites, we also measured fungal and bacterial abundance (quantitative PCR) and diversity (Illumina MiSeq). The most fertile islands, i.e. those where a higher number of functions were simultaneously enhanced, were found at lower elevation sites with greater soil pH values and sand content under semiarid climates, particularly at locations where the presence of tall woody species with a low-specific leaf area increased fungal abundance beneath plant canopies, the main direct biotic controller of the fertile island effect in the drylands studied. Positive effects of fungal abundance were particularly associated with greater nutrient contents and microbial activity (soil extracellular enzymes) under plant canopies. Synthesis. Our results show that the formation of fertile islands in global drylands largely depends on: (1) local climatic, topographic and edaphic characteristics, (2) the structure and traits of local plant communities and (3) soil microbial communities. Our study also has broad implications for the management and restoration of dryland ecosystems worldwide, where woody plants are commonly used as nurse plants to enhance the establishment and survival of beneficiary species. Finally, our results suggest that forecasted increases in aridity may enhance the formation of fertile islands in drylands worldwide.

46. TECHNICAL COMMENT ABSTRACTS.

Author

de la Cruz, Marcelino, Quintana-Ascencio, Pedro F., Cayuela, Luis, Espinosa, Carlos I., Escudero, Adrián, Bastin, J.-F., Mollicone, D., Grainger, A., Sparrow, B., Picard, N., Lowe, A., and Castro, R.

Published
2017

47. Global patterns of tree density are contingent upon local determinants in the world’s natural forests

Author

Jaime Madrigal-González, Joaquín Calatayud, Juan A. Ballesteros-Cánovas, Adrián Escudero, Luis Cayuela, Laura Marqués, Marta Rueda, Paloma Ruiz-Benito, Asier Herrero, Cristina Aponte, Rodrigo Sagardia, Andrew J. Plumptre, Sylvain Dupire, Carlos I. Espinosa, Olga V. Tutubalina, Moe Myint, Luciano Pataro, Jerome López-Sáez, Manuel J. Macía, Meinrad Abegg, Miguel A. Zavala, Adolfo Quesada-Román, Mauricio Vega-Araya, Elena Golubeva, Yuliya Timokhina, Guillermo Bañares de Dios, Íñigo Granzow-de la Cerda, Markus Stoffel, UAM. Departamento de Biología, Madrigal-González, Jaime [0000-0002-9522-5493], Calatayud, Joaquín [0000-0001-9056-4149], Cayuela, Luis [0000-0003-3562-2662], Herrero, Asier [0000-0003-2932-5194], Aponte, Cristina [0000-0002-8457-7573], Plumptre, Andrew J [0000-0002-9333-4047], Espinosa, Carlos I [0000-0002-5330-4505], Tutubalina, Olga V [0000-0001-8049-1724], Macía, Manuel J [0000-0002-4676-612X], Abegg, Meinrad [0000-0001-5151-5889], Zavala, Miguel A [0000-0003-1456-0132], Golubeva, Elena [0000-0001-9595-5974], Bañares de Dios, Guillermo [0000-0003-0144-9048], Granzow-de la Cerda, Íñigo [0000-0002-8446-6494], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Swiss Academy of Sciences, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Comunidad de Madrid, Universidad de Alcalá, Eusko Jaurlaritza, and Ministerio de Educación (España)

Subjects
Climate, Climate Change, article, 631/158/2454, Medicine (miscellaneous), Ecosystem Stability, Forests, Biología y Biomedicina / Biología, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Trees, 631/158/853, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Plant Communities, Ecosystem
Abstract

Previous attempts to quantify tree abundance at global scale have largely neglected the role of local competition in modulating the influence of climate and soils on tree density. Here, we evaluated whether mean tree size in the world’s natural forests alters the effect of global productivity on tree density. In doing so, we gathered a vast set of forest inventories including >3000 sampling plots from 23 well-conserved areas worldwide to encompass (as much as possible) the main forest biomes on Earth. We evidence that latitudinal productivity patterns of tree density become evident as large trees become dominant. Global estimates of tree abundance should, therefore, consider dependencies of latitudinal sources of variability on local biotic influences to avoid underestimating the number of trees on Earth and to properly evaluate the functional and social consequences., JMG was funded by the Research Commission of the Swiss National Park, Swiss Academy of Sciences SCNAT (project FLUCTREE- 02/2020). J.C. thanks to Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Project UNIPER, PID2020-114851GA-100). J.B.C. was funded by the Talento fellowships, Comunidad de Madrid (project INOVA-RISK, 2020-T1/AMB-19913). AE thanks the European Social Fund managed by the Regional Government of Madrid (Remedinal TE-CM: S2018/EMT-4338). L.C. and M.J.M. were partly funded through projects CGL2013-45634-P, CGL2016-75414-P, and PID2019-105064GB-I00. L.M. was funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation (PCEFP2_181115) and the Margarita Salas Postdoctoral Fellowship from Universidad de Alcalá (MIU, Spain). A.H. was supported by the Basque Country Government funding support to FisioClimaCO2 (IT1682-22) research group. GBD was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Education (MINEDU; FPU14/05303) and the Regional Government of Madrid (Remedinal TE-CM: S2018/EMT-4338).

Published
2023

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