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Strategies are a set of actions that establishments use to meet their business objectives. The present investigation is a comprehensive diagnosis of the financial situation of the company Inpapel Cía. Ltda., and based on this design a set of financial strategies to improve timely decision-making at the managerial level is proposed. The study was developed through a quantitative and qualitative approach, with a descriptive and cross-sectional design, in that it was carried out at a certain point in time through a field inquiry verified by 32 individuals who were the owners, managers, officials, and employees of the company, with the help of bibliographic-documentary exploration using journals indexed in Scielo, Latindex, and internal company documents. Results indicate that the company does not carry out effective financial planning, which considers positive management indicators, to achieve levels of liquidity, efficiency, profitability, and indebtedness in comparison to the volume of investment, costs, and expenses. This prevents the company from making timely and reliable management decisions and achieving real and favorable results. Therefore, it is concluded that financial strategies are important for effective business management and for improving a company's profit level.

El rendimiento académico estudiantil es un factor importante en la calidad de la educación que imparte una institución educativa universitaria. Valorar la incidencia de los factores en el rendimiento académico y la calidad de educación del estudiantado de siete facultades de la Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo (Riobamba, Ecuador) es el objetivo de la presente investigación. El diseño de la indagación obtuvo un tipo descriptivo, transversal y no experimental bajo un enfoque cuantitativo y cualitativo, siendo el instrumento de estudio de campo una encuesta estructurada con preguntas cerradas aplicada a una muestra de 375 estudiantes, basada en una población estudiantil de 15 032 personas; con un estudio bibliográfico y documental se complementó el artículo. Los resultados revelaron que los factores de rendimiento académico analizados son socioeconómicos (30%), familiares (25%), escolares-académicos (23%) y personales (22%), como los más significativos y de incidencia en ese orden y los que determinaron la calidad de la educación que recibieron los alumnos. Se concluye, por tanto, que 95% de los estudiantes investigados consideraron que los factores analizados inciden directamente en su rendimiento académico y en la educación recibida.

Introduction: Currently, consensus is lacking on the indications for surgery in primary congenital unilateral hydronephrosis., Objectives: To analyze the clinical characteristics, treatment and outcome of severe asymptomatic primary congenital unilateral hydronephrosis (grades 3 and 4)., Patients and Methods: We performed a retrospective study of 98 neonates with severe primary congenital unilateral hydronephrosis. Diagnostic techniques consisted of ultrasound, renogram, and DMSA scan., Results: The mean age at diagnosis was 24 days. The mean length of follow-up was 4 years. Forty-eight percent of cases were grade 3 and the remaining cases were grade 4. Fifty-six percent of the patients received conservative treatment. Forty-four percent underwent surgery. Surgical indications consisted of prolonged T1/2, reduced differential renal function and/or very severe hydronephrosis. The mean age at surgery was 5.5 months. In 94 % of the patients who received conservative treatment, hydronephrosis resolved spontaneously. In this group, renal parenchyma and renal function were normal in all patients except two. In 97 % of the patients who received surgical treatment, hydronephrosis was corrected or improved after pyeloplasty. At diagnosis, 19 kidneys had reduced function. In the postsurgical renogram, although T1/2 had markedly improved, 8 kidneys showed reduced function. DMSA performed in 63 patients belonging to both groups, outside the active phase of hydronephrosis, revealed 8 atrophic kidneys, 4 with moderately reduced renal size and function and 4 with scarring and normal renal size and function. During the study period, overall function was maintained in all patients and none developed hypertension., Conclusions: Severe congenital unilateral hydronephrosis resolves spontaneously in most patients. Consequently, clinicians increasingly adopt a conservative approach. The available diagnostic techniques cannot identify patients who will benefit from pyeloplasty. In general, accepted surgical indications are an increase in hydronephrosis and/or worsening of renal function. In our series, 15 % of the patients with hydronephrosis had an irreversible lesion of variable severity, which in some patients seemed to have developed during embryogenesis. Kidneys at risk of presenting a lesion were those that had grade 4 hydronephrosis.

Objectives: To quantify the impact factor of Anales Españoles de Pediatría from 1997 until 2000 and to identify the journal's citation patterns and the topics with the greatest impact., Methods: SCISEARCH was used to locate citations of articles published in Anales Españoles de Pediatría between 1995 and 1999. The following data were collected for each article: year of publication, authors, journal, country of publication, language, specialty or specialties, institution(s), residence of the first author and topic. The impact factor was calculated as the ratio between citations received over 1 year by articles published in Anales Españoles de Pediatría in the two previous years and the total number of articles published by Anales Españoles de Pediatría over the 2 years under study., Results: The impact factor of Anales Españoles de Pediatría was 0.052 in 1997, 0.080 in 1998, 0.101 in 1999, 0.089 in 2000 and 0.064 in 2001. Citations were found in a wide range of source journals. The greatest proportion (35.6 %) were found in Spanish medical journals. Citations were made mainly by Spanish authors (62.8 %) and self-citation was moderate (14.3 %). Topics related to neurology (16.9 % of the citations received), infectious diseases (16.2 %) and neonatology (14.8 %) had the greatest impact., Conclusion: The impact factor of Anales Españoles de Pediatria is modest, although higher than that of some other biomedical publications included in Journal Citation Reports.