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The Purcell effect, a common issue in qubit-resonator systems leading to fidelity loss is studied while its suppression is achieved using a novel qubit readout circuit design. Our approach utilizes a unique coupling architecture in which, the qubit first interacts with a filter resonator before linking to the readout resonator. This configuration enables precise control over the Purcell decay rate and ac Stark factor without impacting on measuring time. The mentioned factor is highly sensitive to the coupling strength between the readout resonator and the filter, meaning that the factor adjustment directly impacts the qubit state detection. A major advantage of this design is that tuning the resonator-filter coupling strength is relatively straightforward, offering flexibility in fine-tuning ac Stark factor.

Large Language Models (LLMs), despite achieving state-of-the-art results in a number of evaluation tasks, struggle to maintain their performance when logical reasoning is strictly required to correctly infer a prediction. In this work, we propose Argument Generation as a method of forcing models to utilize their reasoning capabilities when other approaches such as chain-of-thought reasoning prove insufficient. Our method involves the generation of arguments for each possible inference result, and asking the end model to rank the generated arguments. We show that Argument Generation can serve as an appropriate substitute for zero-shot prompting techniques without the requirement to add layers of complexity. Furthermore, we argue that knowledge-probing techniques such as chain-of-thought reasoning and Argument Generation are only useful when further reasoning is required to infer a prediction, making them auxiliary to more common zero-shot approaches. Finally, we demonstrate that our approach forces larger gains in smaller language models, showcasing a complex relationship between model size and prompting methods in foundation models., Comment: Accepted to Workshop on Customizable NLP: Progress and Challenges in Customizing NLP for a Domain, Application, Group, or Individual at EMNLP 2024

Existing unsupervised keypoint detection methods apply artificial deformations to images such as masking a significant portion of images and using reconstruction of original image as a learning objective to detect keypoints. However, this approach lacks depth information in the image and often detects keypoints on the background. To address this, we propose Distill-DKP, a novel cross-modal knowledge distillation framework that leverages depth maps and RGB images for keypoint detection in a self-supervised setting. During training, Distill-DKP extracts embedding-level knowledge from a depth-based teacher model to guide an image-based student model with inference restricted to the student. Experiments show that Distill-DKP significantly outperforms previous unsupervised methods by reducing mean L2 error by 47.15% on Human3.6M, mean average error by 5.67% on Taichi, and improving keypoints accuracy by 1.3% on DeepFashion dataset. Detailed ablation studies demonstrate the sensitivity of knowledge distillation across different layers of the network. Project Page: https://23wm13.github.io/distill-dkp/

In various applications, the multivariate time series often suffers from missing data. This issue can significantly disrupt systems that rely on the data. Spatial and temporal dependencies can be leveraged to impute the missing samples. Existing imputation methods often ignore dynamic changes in spatial dependencies. We propose a Spatial Dynamic Aware Graph Recurrent Imputation Network (SDA-GRIN) which is capable of capturing dynamic changes in spatial dependencies.SDA-GRIN leverages a multi-head attention mechanism to adapt graph structures with time. SDA-GRIN models multivariate time series as a sequence of temporal graphs and uses a recurrent message-passing architecture for imputation. We evaluate SDA-GRIN on four real-world datasets: SDA-GRIN improves MSE by 9.51% for the AQI and 9.40% for AQI-36. On the PEMS-BAY dataset, it achieves a 1.94% improvement in MSE. Detailed ablation study demonstrates the effect of window sizes and missing data on the performance of the method. Project page:https://ameskandari.github.io/sda-grin/

We characterize the boundedness of Hankel forms and Hankel operators induced by measures on weighted Bergman spaces, where the weights satisfy an upper-doubling condition. We also characterize $A^p_\omega$ Hankel measures for $p\leq 2$. The proofs leverage the existing theory of weighted Bergman spaces and the recent results on two-weight fractional derivatives, also simplifying the recent $A^1$ duality for small Bergman spaces obtained by Pel\'aez and R\"atty\"a., Comment: 12 pages

The classification of histopathological images is crucial for the early and precise detection of breast cancer. This study investigates the efficiency of deep learning models in distinguishing between Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC) and non-IDC in histopathology slides. We conducted a thorough comparison examination of eight sophisticated models: ResNet-50, DenseNet-121, ResNeXt-50, Vision Transformer (ViT), GoogLeNet (Inception v3), EfficientNet, MobileNet, and SqueezeNet. This analysis was carried out using a large dataset of 277,524 image patches. Our research makes a substantial contribution to the field by offering a comprehensive assessment of the performance of each model. We particularly highlight the exceptional efficacy of attention-based mechanisms in the ViT model, which achieved a remarkable validation accuracy of 93\%, surpassing conventional convolutional networks. This study highlights the promise of advanced machine learning approaches in clinical settings, offering improved precision as well as efficiency in breast cancer diagnosis.

This study introduces a dataset consisting of approximately 9,000 images of mechanical mechanisms and their corresponding descriptions, aimed at supporting research in mechanism design. The dataset consists of a diverse collection of 2D and 3D sketches, meticulously curated to ensure relevance and quality. We demonstrate the application of this dataset by fine-tuning two models: 1) Stable Diffusion (for generating new mechanical designs), and 2) BLIP-2 (for captioning these designs). While the results from Stable Diffusion show promise, particularly in generating coherent 3D sketches, the model struggles with 2D sketches and occasionally produces nonsensical outputs. These limitations underscore the need for further development, particularly in expanding the dataset and refining model architectures. Nonetheless, this work serves as a step towards leveraging generative AI in mechanical design, highlighting both the potential and current limitations of these approaches.

Transformers have made significant strides across various artificial intelligence domains, including natural language processing, computer vision, and audio processing. This success has naturally garnered considerable interest from both academic and industry researchers. Consequently, numerous Transformer variants (often referred to as X-formers) have been developed for these fields. However, a thorough and systematic review of these modality-specific conversions remains lacking. Modality Conversion involves the transformation of data from one form of representation to another, mimicking the way humans integrate and interpret sensory information. This paper provides a comprehensive review of transformer-based models applied to the primary modalities of text, vision, and speech, discussing their architectures, conversion methodologies, and applications. By synthesizing the literature on modality conversion, this survey aims to underline the versatility and scalability of transformers in advancing AI-driven content generation and understanding., Comment: Submitted to ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)

This paper presents a modal analysis based on the reciprocity theorem to calculate the coupled/penetrated fields into an open-ended waveguide mounted on a finite flange. Although there is no limitation on the geometry and type of the external source, an infinitesimal dipole is chosen to produce a plane wave incident to the waveguide aperture. The proposed method relates the amplitude of each penetrated mode into the waveguide to the far-field radiation components of that mode from the waveguide aperture. The accuracy of the final result depends on the accuracy of the calculated radiated fields. The radiated field components are calculated considering the reflected fields due to the aperture and the diffracted fields due to the flange edges. For the first time, the impact of a finite flange on the penetrated fields into a waveguide is discussed comprehensively. The geometry of a rectangular waveguide mounted on a thick square flange is selected to be evaluated. The effects of changing the main parameters of the geometry on the penetrated fields are discussed rigorously in various examples. Our results are compared with 3D full-wave simulations, and an excellent agreement was found between the results while our analytical approach showing a 60 times faster performance. In addition, we compared our results with the measurement reported in a previous study.

Let $A_1, A_2,A_3$ be semisimple objects in a neutral tannakian category over a field of characteristic zero. Let $L$ be an extension of $A_2$ by $A_1$, and $N$ an extension of $A_3$ by $A_2$. Let $M$ be a blended extension (extension panach\'ee) of $N$ by $L$. Under very mild and natural hypotheses, we study the unipotent radical of the tannakian fundamental group of $M$. Examples where our results apply include the unipotent radicals of motivic Galois groups of any mixed motive with three weights. As an application, we give a proof of the unipotent part of the Hodge-Nori conjecture for 1-motives (which is now a theorem of Andr\'e in the setting of Nori motives) in the setting of any tannakian category of motives where the group $Ext^1(1,\mathbb{Q}(1))$ is as expected., Comment: Comments are welcome! Changes to the first version: Changes have been made to weaken the hypotheses. An argument has been added to show an isomorphism is independent of the choice of the fiber functor. Some typos have been fixed and other minor changes have been made to improve the exposition

We investigate the magneto-optical properties of two-dimensional nonsymmorphic Dirac semimetals in the presence of antiferromagnetic order. Using the Kubo formula, we calculate the conductivity tensor of two-dimensional CuMnAs, a prototype antiferromagnetic Dirac material, as a function of light frequency. From the finite-frequency conductivity tensor, we derive the dynamic dielectric function and magnetic linear dichroism, demonstrating how they are influenced by the orientation of the N{\'e}el order parameter. Adjusting the N{\'e}el vector changes both the sign and amplitude of the system's magneto-optical response. We propose that magnetic linear dichroism spectroscopy is a powerful technique for determining the orientation of the N{\'e}el vector.

Let $\mathscr E$ be a Hilbert $\mathscr A$-module over a $C^*$-algebra $\mathscr A$. For each positive linear functional $\omega$ on $\mathscr A$, we consider the localization $\mathscr E_\omega$ of $\mathscr E$, which is the completion of the quotient space $\mathscr E/\mathscr {N}_\omega$, where $\mathscr N_\omega=\{x\in \mathscr E:\omega\langle x,x\rangle=0\}$. Let $\mathscr H$ and $\mathscr K$ be closed submodules of $\mathscr E$ such that $\mathscr H\cap \mathscr K$ is orthogonally complemented, and let $\omega=\sum_{j=1}^{\infty}\lambda_j\omega_j$, where $\lambda_j>0$, $\sum_{j=1}^{\infty}\lambda_j=1$, and $\omega_j$'s are positive linear functionals on $\mathscr A$. We prove that if $(\mathscr H\cap \mathscr K)_{\omega_j}=\mathscr H_{\omega_j}\cap \mathscr K_{\omega_j}$ for each $j$, then \[ (\mathscr H\cap \mathscr K)_\omega=\mathscr H_\omega\cap \mathscr K_\omega\,. \] Furthermore, let $\mathscr L$ be a closed submodule of a Hilbert $\mathscr A$-module $\mathscr E$ over a $W^*$-algebra $\mathscr A$. We pose the following separation problem: ``Does there exist a normal state $\omega$ such that $\iota_\omega (\mathscr L)$ is not dense in $\mathscr E_\omega $?'' In this paper, among other results, we give an affirmative answer to this problem, when $\mathscr E$ is a self-dual Hilbert $C^*$-module over a $W^*$-algebra $\mathscr A$ such that $\mathscr E\backslash \mathscr L$ has a nonempty interior with respect to the weak$^*$-topology. This is a step toward answering the above problem., Comment: 12 pages, the paper is mathematically improved

We introduce the notion of the separated pair of closed submodules in the setting of Hilbert $C^*$-modules. We demonstrate that even in the case of Hilbert spaces this concept has several nice characterizations enriching the theory of separated pairs of subspaces in Hilbert spaces. Let $\mathscr H$ and $\mathscr K$ be orthogonally complemented closed submodules of a Hilbert $C^*$-module $\mathscr E$. We establish that $ (\mathscr H,\mathscr K)$ is a separated pair in $\mathscr{E}$ if and only if there are idempotents $\Pi_1$ and $\Pi_2$ such that $\Pi_1\Pi_2=\Pi_2\Pi_1=0$ and $\mathscr R(\Pi_1)=\mathscr H$ and $\mathscr R(\Pi_2)=\mathscr K$. We show that $\mathscr R(\Pi_1+\lambda\Pi_2)$ is closed for each $\lambda\in \mathbb{C}$ if and only if $\mathscr R(\Pi_1+\Pi_2)$ is closed. We use the localization of Hilbert $C^*$-modules to define the angle between closed submodules. We prove that if $(\mathscr H^\perp,\mathscr K^\perp)$ is concordant, then $(\mathscr H^{\perp\perp},\mathscr K^{\perp\perp})$ is a separated pair if the cosine of this angle is less than one. We also present some surprising examples to illustrate our results., Comment: 20 pages

Let $r \in \mathbb{N}\cup\{\infty\}$ be a fixed number and let $P_j\,\, (1 \leq j\leq r )$ be the projection onto the closed subspace $\mathcal{M}_j$ of $\mathscr{H}$. We are interested in studying the sequence $P_{i_1}, P_{i_2}, \ldots \in\{P_1, \ldots, P_r\}$. A significant problem is to demonstrate conditions under which the sequence $\{P_{i_n}\cdots P_{i_2}P_{i_1}x\}_{n=1}^\infty$ converges strongly or weakly to $Px$ for any $x\in\mathscr{H}$, where $P$ is the projection onto the intersection $\mathcal{M}=\mathcal{M}_1\cap \ldots \cap \mathcal{M}_r$. Several mathematicians have presented their insights on this matter since von Neumann established his result in the case of $r=2$. In this paper, we give an affirmative answer to a question posed by M. Sakai. We present a result concerning random products of countably infinitely many projections (the case $r=\infty$) incorporating the notion of pseudo-periodic function., Comment: 12 pages

The effects of sintering temperature (Ts) and chemical substitution on the structural and magnetic properties of manganite compounds La1-xSrxMn1-yFeyO3 (0.025 <= x <= 0.7; y= 0.01,0.15) are explored in a search to optimize their magnetocaloric properties around room temperature. A ferromagnetic (FM) to paramagnetic (PM) phase transition is observed at a Curie temperature Tc that can be controlled to approach room temperature by Sr and Fe substitution, but also by adjusting the sintering temperature Ts. Accordingly, the magnetic entropy change (-DSM) quantifying the magnetocaloric effect (MCE) presents a peak at or close to Tc that shifts and broadens with both Sr and Fe doping and is further tuned with sintering temperature. Altogether, we show that it is possible to adjust the strength and dominance of the ferromagnetic coupling in these ceramics, but also using disorder as a tool to broaden and adjust the temperature range with significant magnetic entropy change., Comment: 61 pages, 14 figures, 3 tables. Supp. mat. : 3 figures, 1 table. Submitted to J. Magn. Magn. Mater

We derive the two-time linear response theory for out-of-equilibrium pumped systems, generic pump-probe delays and probe frequencies. Such a theory enormously simplifies the numerical calculations, for instance, of the optical conductivity with respect to the actual procedure, which requires computing the effect of the probe pulse for each time delay with respect to the pump pulse\textcolor{red}{.} The theory is given for a generic observable and pumped Hamiltonian and then specialized for a system with a quadratic Hamiltonian and its transient optical properties, exploiting the Dynamical Projective Operatorial Approach (DPOA). The theory is complemented by a set of crucial numerical guidelines that help perform actual calculations in a computationally affordable way. The optical response (differential transient reflectivity and absorption) of a prototypical three-band (core, valence, and conduction) model in the XUV regime is analyzed in detail to illustrate the theory and its application. Using some generalizations of the density of states, we provide a systematic approach to exploring the optical properties in terms of the system band structure features and the pump parameters. Such an analysis can be extremely helpful in understanding the actual results of experimental optical measurements. Moreover, we study the effects of inter-band and intra-band transitions, the local dipole coupling, and single and multi-photon processes. The latter is further investigated by varying the central frequency of the pump pulse to have different regions of the first Brillouin zone in resonance with it. We also study the effect of varying the pump pulse intensity. Finally, we study and analyze the transient optical properties in the probe pulse regime of IR and visible., Comment: 25 pages, 11 figures, 40 panels

A cell-free network merged with active reconfigurable reflecting surfaces (RIS) is investigated in this paper. Based on the imperfect channel state information (CSI), the aggregated channel from the user to the access point (AP) is initially estimated using the linear minimum mean square error (LMMSE) technique. The central processing unit (CPU) then detects uplink data from individual users through the utilization of the maximum ratio combining (MRC) approach, relying on the estimated channel. Then, a closed-form expression for uplink spectral efficiency (SE) is derived which demonstrates its reliance on statistical CSI (S-CSI) alone. The amplitude gain of each active RIS element is derived in a closed-form expression as a function of the number of active RIS elements, the number of users, and the size of each reflecting element. A soft actor-critic (SAC) algorithm is utilized to design the phase shift of the active RIS to maximize the uplink SE. Simulation results emphasize the robustness of the proposed SAC algorithm, showcasing its effectiveness in cell-free networks under the influence of imperfect CSI.

Spine biomechanics is at a transformation with the advent and integration of machine learning and computer vision technologies. These novel techniques facilitate the estimation of 3D body shapes, anthropometrics, and kinematics from as simple as a single-camera image, making them more accessible and practical for a diverse range of applications. This study introduces a framework that merges these methodologies with traditional musculoskeletal modeling, enabling comprehensive analysis of spinal biomechanics during complex activities from a single camera. Additionally, we aim to evaluate their performance and limitations in spine biomechanics applications. The real-world applications explored in this study include assessment in workplace lifting, evaluation of whiplash injuries in car accidents, and biomechanical analysis in professional sports. Our results demonstrate potential and limitations of various algorithms in estimating body shape, kinematics, and conducting in-field biomechanical analyses. In industrial settings, the potential to utilize these new technologies for biomechanical risk assessments offers a pathway for preventive measures against back injuries. In sports activities, the proposed framework provides new opportunities for performance optimization, injury prevention, and rehabilitation. The application in forensic domain further underscores the wide-reaching implications of this technology. While certain limitations were identified, particularly in accuracy of predictions, complex interactions, and external load estimation, this study demonstrates their potential for advancement in spine biomechanics, heralding an optimistic future in both research and practical applications.

In this paper, we report on the magnetic and magnetocaloric features of Dy-substituted YMn$_2$O$_5$ (Y$_{1-x}$Dy$_x$Mn$_2$O$_5$) with $x=$ 0.6, 0.8, and 1 series elaborated by sol-gel method. X-ray diffraction and Raman measurements attest well the high quality of our polycrystalline samples that crystallize in an orthorhombic structure with the Pbam space group. The Raman phonon frequencies were carried out and compared with the lattice dynamics calculations to identify the vibrational properties of all detected modes at room temperature. As expected, our magnetic study reveals that the magnetization was enhanced by the substitution of Y$^{3+}$ by Dy$^{3+}$. The Dy-substituted YMn$_2$O$_5$ sets the N\'eel transition [TN (Mn)] in the temperature range going from 40 to 45 K favoring the emergence of a transition at a very low temperature due to the long-range ordering of the Dy3+ magnetic moments below 13K [TN (Dy)]. Dual peaks in the magnetic entropy change curve are also observed being in good agreement with magnetization data, which enlarges the range of application of these materials. On the other hand, a large magnetocaloric effect is observed close to 13 K which is mainly due the ordering of Dy$^{3+}$ magnetic moments. Also, the incommensurate antiferromagnetic transition of Mn magnetic moment taking place around 40 K affects slightly the entropy change. Our refrigerant capacity (RC) findings are higher compared to the average of RC for a, b, c axis of single crystal samples as HoMn$_2$O$_5$ and TbMn$_2$O$_5$, which confirms that our polycrystalline materials stand for promising magnetic refrigerant candidates that can be invested in space technology, hydrogen and helium liquefaction at cryogenic temperature.