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Objective: Phosphorus plays an important role in metabolism as an intracellular anion, an enzyme component and a component of phosphorylated intermediates, and phosphorus is a component of cell membranes, nucleic acids and nuclear proteins. Hypophosphatemia is the most neglected electrolyte deficiency in our medical practice. Some clinical conditions and medications can cause hypophosphatemia. Transient hypophosphatemia rarely causes symptoms, but severe hypophosphatemia can contribute to increased morbidity and mortality in serious patients. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of hypophosphatemia among critically ill patients. Place and Duration: In the Medicine Unit of ICU of Bahawal Victoria Hospital (BVH) Bahawalpur for one year duration from March 2019 to February 2020. Material and Methods: 50 critical patients were admitted to the medical and intensive care unit within 12 months. The average age was 49.5 ± 17.4. Thirty-one (62%) patients were men and 19 (38%) were women. At admission, 16 patients (16%) had hypophosphatemia ( Results: In our study, an important clinical diagnosis of hypophosphatemia was diabetic ketoacidosis (16%), respiratory alkalosis (18%), sepsis (32%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (32%), respiratory failure (42%) and cirrhotic coma. (38%), renal failure (10%). The incidence of hypophosphatemia was higher in patients with breathing difficulties (p = 0.047). Patients receiving the Ss2 agonist had low serum phosphate levels, although not statistically significant, while patients with renal failure had higher serum phosphate levels. The incidence of hypophosphatemia was higher in patients with more than one disease. Mortality was higher in patients with hypophosphatemic sepsis (32%). In 60% of patients, 19 (38%) had mechanical ventilation, hypophosphatemia, hepatic coma and respiratory alkalosis. Serum calcium and albumin levels were low in patients with hypophosphatemia. No serious hypophosphatemia ( Conclusion: The incidence of hypophosphatemia was higher in patients with dyspnea. Hypophosphatemia was 15% in critically ill patients admitted to medical departments and intensive care. Hypophosphatemia is more susceptible to development in patients with sepsis, respiratory failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Key words: hypophosphatemia, phosphorus, critical patients.

Aim: The purpose of this study is to analyze the frequency of underlying pathologies and present the features of pancytopenia. Place and Duration: In the Medicine and Pathology department of Bahawal Victoria Hospital (BVH) Bahawalpur for one-year duration from February 2019 to February 2020. Methodology: 60 patients with pancytopenia were included in the study. Patients with chemotherapy and radiation therapy were excluded from the study. Blood counts, bone marrow aspiration and trephine biopsy were performed according to standard methods. Results: In this study, common causes of pancytopenia were aplastic anemia 20 (33.3%), megaloblastic anemia 16 (26.66%), hypersplastic 16 (25%), acute leukemia 6 (10%), drug-related 3 (5) %). and metastatic tumors 3 (5%). Conclusion: In this study, aplastic anemia, megaloblastic anemia and hypersplenism were common causes of pancytopenia. Although trephine biopsy is also useful in diagnosing malignant tumors. Key words: pancytopenia, aplastic anemia, hypersplenism