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This paper describes the Networked Energy Systems Emulation Center – DLR-NESTEC – a platform for research on power grids of the future. The DLR-NESTEC consists of a large number of networked power electronic components with which real hardware can be emulated using a real-time simulation system. The grid networking is realized via cable emulators. The laboratory works with real physical power flows and has a connected load of 800 kVA. In addition to the emulators, real network components can be integrated into the laboratory. The sector coupling is addressed by the coupling of charging infrastructure of electric cars as well as the integration of electricity-controlled heating systems. In addition, hydrogen technologies can be integrated. The laboratory is controlled by a SCADA system coupled to high-resolution measurement equipment. With the help of DLR-NESTEC, various future questions regarding robust and safe operation sector-coupled energy networks can be addressed – for instance the operation of a grid structure with a high share of controllable loads without a superordinate control.

The rise in human activity accompanying urbanization has led to a noticeable increase in temperature in urban areas compared to rural ones, which is commonly known as the urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon. UHI can have negative effects on various aspects of urban life, such as environmental conditions, human health, water and energy consumption, and citizens' comfort. Traditionally, UHI is linked to air temperature differences and it requires in-situ climatology data for assessing its intensity, which are seldom available. Hence, a scalable proxy often used in the literature is the socalled surface UHI (SUHI), which is measured by exploiting satellite-based land surface temperature (LST) information. The presented work introduces a novel framework to objectively quantify the SUHI intensity (SUHII) through regression analysis of LST and the density of impervious areas. In particular, this has been implemented in the context of the H2020 CURE (Copernicus for Urban Resilience in Europe) project, whose main goal has been the development of crosscutting city-scale applications for urban resilience that synergistically exploit the Copernicus Core Services. The proposed method was successfully applied to all 10 targeted CURE cities and has the potential to be scaled at the panEuropean level.

Rapid urbanization is increasingly challenging in multiple domains including ecological, economic and social issues. In order to understand interrelationships between human habitat in relation to nature, to assess natural hazards more accurately, and to guide political and economic decisions more precisely, detailed settlement data is an important information base for further decisions and processes. This pilot project contributes novel and unique datasets from the World Settlement Footprint (WSF) suite for the NFDI4Earth community together with the IÖR-Monitor - a provider for data infrastructure and services, on land use and land cover in Germany. In addition to data itself, the data infrastructures are playing an increasingly important role to enable quick and easy access to data and a more efficient way of processing larger data. The objective of this pilot is to integrate these datasets into the NFDI4Earth infrastructure and make them accessible to a broad user community according to the FAIR principles and common standards. Stakeholders are data and infrastructure providers, data and system integrators as well as users from different scientific domains, public authorities, and decision-makers. We expect that the NFDI4Earth will advance and highly benefit from this pilot since the offered datasets are a valuable data source for many research applications. Besides, it can be seen as a precursor for numerous other satellite data applications, services and interoperability approaches to be integrated into NFDI4Earth., This work has been funded by the German Research Foundation (NFDI4Earth, DFG project no. 460036893, https://www.nfdi4earth.de/). The datasets of IÖR Monitor are licensed by: IÖR Monitor Nutzungsbedingungen - https://www.ioer-monitor.de/fileadmin/Dokumente/PDFs/Nutzungsbedingungen_IOER-Monitor.pdf, {"references":["Mattia Marconcini, Annekatrin Metz-Marconcini, Thomas Esch and Noel Gorelick. Understanding Current Trends in Global Urbanisation - The World Settlement Footprint Suite. GI_Forum 2021, Issue 1, 33-38 (2021). https://austriaca.at/0xc1aa5576%200x003c9b4c.pdf","Thomas Esch, Elisabeth Brzoska, Stefan Dech, Benjamin Leutner, Daniela Palacios-Lopez, Annekatrin Metz-Marconcini, Mattia Marconcini, Achim Roth, Julian Zeidler, World Settlement Footprint 3D - A first three-dimensional survey of the global building stock, Remote Sensing of Environment, Volume 270, 2022, 112877, ISSN 0034-4257, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0034425721005976","Esch, T.; Zeidler, J.; Palacios-Lopez, D.; Marconcini, M.; Roth, A.; Mönks, M.; Leutner, B.; Brzoska, E.; Metz-Marconcini, A.; Bachofer, F.; Loekken, S.; Dech, S. Towards a Large-Scale 3D Modeling of the Built Environment-Joint Analysis of TanDEM-X, Sentinel-2 and Open Street Map Data. Remote Sens. 2020, 12, 2391","•\tAdV, 2008a. Dokumentation zur Modellierung der Geoinformationen des amtlichen Vermessungswesens (GeoInfoDok). Erläuterungen zum ATKIS® Basis-DLM Version 6.0 Stand: 11.04.2008. Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Vermessungsverwaltungen der Länder der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (AdV).","•\tAdV, 2008b. ATKIS-Objektartenkatalog Basis-DLM. Version 6.0, Dokumentation zur Modellierung der Geoinformationen des amtlichen Vermessungswesens (GeoInfoDok). ATKIS-Katalogwerke. Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Vermessungsverwaltungen der Länder der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (AdV).","•\tAdV, 2020. Produkt und Qualitätsstandard für 3D Gebäudemodelle. Bearbeitungsstand: 16.06.2020., https://www.adv-online.de/AdV-Produkte/Standards-und-Produktblaetter/Standards-der-Geotopographie/","•\tBKG, 2020. Dokumentation Georeferenzierte Adressdaten. https://sg.geodatenzentrum.de/web_public/gdz/dokumentation/deu/ga.pdf","•\tBKG, 2021. Dokumentation 3D Gebäudemodell Deutschland - LoD1. https://sg.geodatenzentrum.de/web_public/gdz/dokumentation/deu/LoD1-DE.pdf"]}