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During 2019, Chilean society witnessed massive citizen demonstrations motivated by his-torical inequalities. The objective of this study is to compare the perception of young adults and adults about the social protests and its relation to mental health and social well-being.711 people answered the online survey on the study factors. The results indicate that adults above the age of 30 show more interest in politics and both groups categorically reject the use of violence during the civilian protests. Moreover, the young adults showed higher results in anomie and negative affectivity, whereas adults show better social well-being and satisfaction with live. The Chilean social protest has had political and socio-emotional con-sequences, which remain until today., En 2019, le Chili fut au premier plan de manifestations citoyennes massives motivées par les inégalités historiques. L ́objectif de cette étude est de comparer la perception des jeunes adultes et des adultes chiliens sur la contestation sociale et leurs relations avec la santé men-tale et bien-être. Un échantillon de 771 personnes a répondu à une enquête en ligne sur les variables analysées dans cette étude. Les résultats indiquent que les adultes de plus de 30 ans présentent un plus grand intérêt pour la politique et que les deux groupes expriment un rejet catégorique au recours à la violence pendant les manifestations citoyennes. Également, les jeunes adultes présentent des indices d ́anomie et d ́affectivité négative tandis que les adultes présentent un meilleur bien-être social et satisfaction dans la vie. La contestation sociale chilienne a eu des conséquences politiques et socio-émotionnelles, lesquelles persis-tent jusqu ́au jour d ́aujourd ́hui, Durante 2019, o Chile foi protagonista de massivas manifestações cidadãs motivadas por desigualdades históricas. O objetivo deste estudo foi o de comparar a percepção dos adultos emergentes e adultos chilenos sobre o protesto social e sua relação com a saúde mental e bem-estar social. Um questionário on-line sobre as variáveis do estudo foi respondido por 771 pessoas. Os resultados indicaram que os adultos acima de 30 anos apresentam maior interesse em política e, ambos os grupos, manifestam rejeição transversal ao uso da violência em protestos cidadãos. Os adultos emergentes apresentaram maior anomia e afeto negativo, enquanto os adultos apresentaram maior bem-estar social e satisfação com a vida. O protesto social chileno teve consequências políticas e socioemocionais que permanecem até hoje, Durante 2019 Chile fue protagonista de masivas manifestaciones ciudadanas motivadas por desigualdades históricas. El objetivo del estudio fue comparar la percepción de adultos emergentes y adultos chilenos sobre la protesta social y su relación con salud mental y bien-estar social. 771 personas respondieron una encuesta en línea sobre las variables de estudio. Los resultados indican que los adultos sobre 30 años presentan mayor interés en la política y ambos grupos manifiestan un rechazo transversal al uso de violencia en protestas ciuda-danas. Además, los adultos emergentes lideraron en anomia y afecto negativo, mientras que los adultos presentan mayor bienestar social y satisfacción con la vida. La protesta social chilena ha tenido consecuencias políticas y socioemocionales, las cuales permanecen hasta la actualidad.

Introduction: This study aimed to estimate the psychometric properties of the Scale of Reactions to Experiences of Unequal Treatment in Health, from Baeza-Rivera (2015), and to determine any statistically significant differences between those using the private and public healthcare systems and those belonging to the Mapuche ethnic group. Materials and Methods: The Scale of Reactions to Experiences of Unequal Treatment in Health was used in 337 participants (mostly women) with a mean age of 31 years. Of these, 57% reportedly used the public healthcare system and 32% belonged to the Mapuche ethnic group. Subsequently, exploratory factor analysis and reliability analysis using Cronbach’s alpha and factorial analysis of variance were conducted. Results: The findings demonstrated that this scale has ideal psychometric properties, such as reliability and factorial validity, and it can be used in a population with characteristics similar to those of the sample population used in this study. Additionally, statistically significant differences were observed between those using the healthcare systems and those belonging to the Mapuche ethnic group. Conclusions: This scale shows adequate psychometric properties, such as the two related factors reliability and factorial validity, and can be used in health-related contexts, thus allowing for an understanding of health–disease processes., Introdução: este artigo tem por objetivo estimar as propriedades psicométricas da Escala de Reações ante Experiências de Trato Desigual em Saúde, de Baeza-Rivera (2015), e estabelecer se existem diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre quem se atendem no sistema privado e público e a pertença ou não à etnia mapuche. Materiais e métodos: participaram 337 pessoas cuja média de idade foi de 31 anos, em sua maioria mulheres, 57% reportou ser usuário do sistema público de saúde e 32% declarou pertencer à etnia mapuche. Se realizou análise fatorial exploratório, análise de confiabilidade e a Anova fatorial. Resultados: se conta com um instrumento com adequadas propriedades psicométricas, que pode ser utilizado em população com características similares à amostra utilizada. Adicionalmente, se observa que existem diferenças estatisticamente significativas em função do sistema de saúde em que se atende a pessoa e a pertença ou não a etnia mapuche. Conclusões: o instrumento tem adequadas propriedades psicométricas, apresenta dois fatores relacionados, e serve para ser utilizado em contextos de saúde, permitindo compreender os processos de saúde-doença., Introducción: este artículo tiene por objetivo estimar las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Reacciones ante Experiencias de Trato Desigual en Salud de Baeza-Rivera (2015) y establecer si existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre quienes se atienden en el sistema privado y público y la pertenencia o no a la etnia mapuche. Materiales y métodos: participaron 337 personas cuyo promedio de edad fue de 31 años, en su mayoría mujeres. El 57 % reportó ser usuario del sistema público de salud y el 32 % declaró su pertenencia a la etnia mapuche. Se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio, análisis de confiabilidad y Anova factorial. Resultados: los hallazgos dan cuenta de un instrumento con adecuadas propiedades psicométricas, que puede usarse en población con características similares a la muestra empleada. Además, se observa que existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas en función del sistema de salud en que se atiende la persona y la pertenencia a la etnia mapuche. Conclusiones: el instrumento tiene adecuadas propiedades psicométricas que presenta dos factores relacionados, que sirve para ser utilizado en contextos de salud, lo que permite comprender los procesos de salud-enfermedad.

Treatment guidelines recommend antidepressant medication for bulimic-type eating disorders either as an alternative to or in combination with cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). This study compared the efficacy of two second-line treatments of patients with bulimic-type eating disorders resistant to CBT: virtual reality-based cue-exposure therapy (VR-CET) alone or VR-CET in combination with pharmacotherapy. Results showed that bingeing episodes, bulimic symptomatology (the bulimia EDI-3 score) and food cravings (FCQ-T/S) were significantly reduced after both interventions. However, no significant differences were found between the combined intervention and VR-CET alone. Improvements from the treatments continued at the 6-month follow-up. Our results support the use of VR-CET as an effective treatment of bulimic-type eating disorders, reducing bulimic symptoms and food cravings. The addition of antidepressants to VR-CET does not provide any additional benefit

Treatment guidelines recommend antidepressant medication for bulimic-type eating disorders either as an alternative to or in combination with cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). This study compared the efficacy of two second-line treatments of patients with bulimic-type eating disorders resistant to CBT: virtual reality-based cue-exposure therapy (VR-CET) alone or VR-CET in combination with pharmacotherapy. Results showed that bingeing episodes, bulimic symptomatology (the bulimia EDI-3 score) and food cravings (FCQ-T/S) were significantly reduced after both interventions. However, no significant differences were found between the combined intervention and VR-CET alone. Improvements from the treatments continued at the 6-month follow-up. Our results support the use of VR-CET as an effective treatment of bulimic-type eating disorders, reducing bulimic symptoms and food cravings. The addition of antidepressants to VR-CET does not provide any additional benefit.

Purpose: Virtual reality (VR) technologies have been proposed as a new tool able to improve on in vivo exposure in patients with eating disorders. This study assessed the validity of a VR-based software for cue exposure therapy (CET) in people with bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge eating disorder (BED). Methods: Fifty eight outpatients (33 BN and 25 BED) and 135 healthy participants were exposed to 10 craved virtual foods and a neutral cue in four experimental virtual environments (kitchen, dining room, bedroom, and cafeteria). After exposure to each VR scenario, food craving and anxiety were assessed. The frequency/severity of episodes of uncontrollable overeating was also assessed and body mass index was measured prior to the exposure. Results: In both groups, craving and anxiety responses when exposed to the food-related virtual environments were significantly higher than in the neutral-cue virtual environment. However, craving and anxiety levels were higher in the clinical group. Furthermore, cue-elicited anxiety was better at discriminating between clinical and healthy groups than cue-elicited craving. Conclusions: This study provides evidence of the ability of food-related VR environments to provoke food craving and anxiety responses in BN and BED patients and highlights the need to consider both responses during treatment. The results support the use of VR-CET in the treatment of eating disorder patients characterized by binge-eating and people with high bulimic symptoms.

This case study describes the use of a virtual reality-based cue-exposure therapy (VR-CET) for a patient diagnosed with bulimia nervosa (BN) who was resistant to standard cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). After six VR-CE booster sessions, both anxiety and food craving dropped significantly. No binging and purging episodes were reported at the end of the treatment. Patient’s mood and confidence to change were also improved. Finally, both eating symptoms and food craving were reduced at the end of the VR-CET. These results support the use of VR-CE as an effective component for the treatment of BN to reduce bulimia symptoms, body dissatisfaction and craving, especially in patients resistant to conventional treatments.

This case study describes the use of a virtual reality-based cue-exposure therapy (VR-CET) for a patient diagnosed with bulimia nervosa (BN) who was resistant to standard cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). After six VR-CE booster sessions, both anxiety and food craving dropped significantly. No binging and purging episodes were reported at the end of the treatment. Patient’s mood and confidence to change were also improved. Finally, both eating symptoms and food craving were reduced at the end of the VR-CET. These results support the use of VR-CE as an effective component for the treatment of BN to reduce bulimia symptoms, body dissatisfaction and craving, especially in patients resistant to conventional treatments.

This study aims to describe the relationships between adherence to treatment and two variables: quality of life and depressive symptomatology, in adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, treated at family health centers in the province of Conception, Chile. The sample was of 101 participants aged 45-65 years old, who were diagnosed with diabetes one year ago or more. The instruments used were: the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), the Scale of Adherence to Treatment in Diabetes Mellitus II, version III (EATDM-III), and a instrument of quality of life of the World Health Organization (WHOQOL-BREF). The results showed high adherence to treatment, low depressive symptomatology and high quality of life in these patients. Furthermore, using Pearson correlation coefficient, adherence to treatment showed an inverse relationship with depressive symptomatology; and a positive relationship with quality of life. These results support the inclusion of psychologists in the comprehensive treatment of diabetes., Este estudio tiene por objetivo describir la relación entre adherencia al tratamiento y dos variables: calidad de vida y sintomatología depresiva, en pacientes adultos con diagnóstico de Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 atendidos en Centros de Salud Familiar de la Provincia de Concepción, Chile. Se obtuvo una muestra de 101 participantes de entre 45 a 65 años de edad, cursando con la enfermedad en un período mayor o igual a un año, a quienes se les aplicó: el Inventario de Depresión de Beck, en su segunda versión (BDI-II), la Escala de Adherencia al Tratamiento en Diabetes Mellitus II, versión III (EATDM-III), y un Cuestionario de Calidad de Vida de la OMS (WHOQOL-BREF). Los resultados mostraron una alta adherencia al tratamiento, baja sintomatología depresiva y alta calidad de vida en estos pacientes. Se encontró además, mediante el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson, que la adherencia al tratamiento presentaba una relación inversa con sintomatología depresiva; y una relación positiva con calidad de vida. Estos resultados avalarían la inclusión del psicólogo en el tratamiento integral de la diabetes.