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The effectiveness of research units is assessed on the basis of their performance in relation to scientific, technological and innovation production, the quality of their results and their contribution to the solution of scientific and social problems. This paper examines the management practices employed in some Mexican National Laboratories in order to identify those that could explain their effectiveness in meeting their objectives. The results of other works that propose common elements among laboratories with outstanding performance are used and verified directly in the field. Considering the inherent complexity of each field of knowledge and the socio-spatial characteristics in which the laboratories operate, we report which management practices are relevant for their effectiveness, how they contribute to their consolidation as fundamental scientific and technological infrastructures, how these can be translated into indicators that support the evaluation of their performance, and still pending., 24 pages, 3 figures, 5 tables, research article

The findings and recommendations of the 2019 consensus conference in organ donation, held in Kunming, China, are here reported. The main objective of the conference was to gather relevant information from experts involved in the field. The data and opinions provided allowed to propose a series of recommendations for “One Belt & One Road Countries” on how to achieve self-sufficiency in organ donation. Leadership in organ donation should be results-oriented and goal-driven based on the principles of excellence, empowerment, and engagement, providing the means, resources, and strategies necessary to reach the goal in earnest. Management includes good governance and transparency of a national registry of patients in the waiting list, donors, transplants, transplant teams, quality, and safety programs with continuous educational training of health care professionals. Mandatory monitoring, auditing and evaluation of quality must be incorporated into donation practices as relevant points in innovation, as well as the adoption of already established and novel processes and technologies. Achievement of self-sufficiency in organ donation is a crucial step to fight against transplant tourism and to prevent organ trafficking. Based on recommendations arising from the conference, each country could review and develop individualized action plans adjusted to its own circumstances and reality.

La lombricultura, es una actividad agropecuaria, que abarca aspectos muy importantes dentro de la biología de la especie y la tecnología de ésta actividad. El comportamiento de Eisenia andrei, está directamente relacionado con el tipo de sustrato en el cual se desarrolla y a la optima relación Carbono/Nitrógeno (C/N) de los mismos. En este estudio se evaluó el comportamiento poblacional de la lombriz de tierra Eisenia andrei en residuos sólidos orgánicos provenientes de la preparación de alimentos y estiércol de ovino durante 160 días. Se prepararon 4 sustratos diferentes: T1 (estiércol ovino-aserrín pH 8.10), T2 (estiércol ovino-pasto pH 8.30), T3 (Residuos sólidos orgánicos-aserrín pH 8.50) y T4 (Residuos sólidos orgánicos - pasto pH 8.60). Se inocularon 100 lombrices por cajón. Durante todo el proceso se mantuvieron las condiciones de humedad (75-80%) y temperatura (20 a 25ºC). No se observaron fugas ni decesos durante el experimento. Se obtuvo un mejor rendimiento respecto al número de lombrices para T3. El T4 presentó mejor relación C/N que el resto de los tratamientos. La combinación de residuos sólidos orgánicos y aserrín resulto ser la más adecuada para la producción de lombriz. The vermiculture, is an agricultural activity, which covers very important aspects within the biology of the species and the technology of this activity. The behavior of Eisenia andrei, is directly related to the type of substrate in which it develops and the best Carbon / Nitrogen (C / N) ratio of them. In this study, the population behavior of the Eisenia andrei earthworm was evaluated in organic solid waste from the preparation of food and sheep manure for 160 days. Four different substrates were prepared: T1 (sheep manure-sawdust pH 8.10), T2 (sheep manure-grass pH 8.30), T3 (Organic solid waste-sawdust pH 8.50) and T4 (Organic solid waste - grass pH 8.60). 100 worms were inoculated per drawer. During the whole process the conditions of humidity (75-80%) and temperature (20 to 25ºC) were maintained. No leaks or deaths were observed during the experiment. Better performance was obtained with respect to the number of worms for T3. The T4 presented a better C / N ratio than the rest of the treatments. The combination of organic solid waste and sawdust proved to be the most suitable for the production of earthworm. Fil: Giunta, Sandra Adriana. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Facultad de Ingeniería; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones En Tecnologias y Desarrollo Social Para El Noa. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Saltajujuy. Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones En Tecnologias y Desarrollo Social Para El Noa.; Argentina Fil: Velasquez Guzman, Enzo Francisco. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Facultad de Ingeniería; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones En Tecnologias y Desarrollo Social Para El Noa. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Saltajujuy. Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones En Tecnologias y Desarrollo Social Para El Noa.; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Zutara, María Silvina. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Facultad de Ingeniería; Argentina Fil: Escalante, J. R.. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Facultad de Ingeniería; Argentina Fil: Escalante, Cruz L.. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Facultad de Ingeniería; Argentina

The purpose of this study is to “reconstruct” and compare the networks of knowledge flow and technological information (NKFTI) in the aquaculture industry, specifically in shrimp farming in two of the main regions producing farmed-shrimp in Mexico: The municipality of Ahome, located to the north of Sinaloa, and the coastal south-center region of Sonora. Research is based on the approach to the analysis of social networks and information gathered by conducting a survey with a sample of 91 companies dedicated to shrimp farming in the regions mentioned above. The study findings show that the features and settings of the NKFTI of Sinaloa aquaculture have allowed this region to gain a competitive advantage over Sonora, to mitigate the effects of the crisis in recent years. El presente estudio tiene por objetivo “reconstruir” y comparar las redes de flujo de conocimiento e información tecnológica (RFCIT) en la industria acuícola, específicamente en el cultivo de camarón, de dos de las principales regiones productoras de camarón de cultivo en México: el municipio de Ahome, ubicado al norte del Estado de Sinaloa, y la región costera centro-sur del estado de Sonora. La investigación se basa en el enfoque del análisis de redes sociales y la información fue obtenida mediante la aplicación de una encuesta a una muestra de 91 empresas dedicadas al cultivo de camarón en las regiones mencionadas. Las conclusiones del estudio señalan que las características y la configuración de las RFCIT de la acuicultura de Sinaloa le han permitido a esta entidad tener una ventaja de competitividad frente a Sonora, para paliar los efectos de la crisis de los últimos años. O objetivo deste estudo é “reconstruir” e comparar as redes de fluxo de conhecimento e informação tecnológica (RFCIT) no setor aquícola, especificamente na criação de camarões, de duas das principais regiões produtoras de criação de camarões no México: o município de Ahome, localizado ao norte do estado de Sinaloa, e o litoral centro-sul do estado de Sonora. A pesquisa tem como base a análise de redes sociais, as informações foram obtidas a partir da aplicação de uma enquete a uma amostra de 91 empresas dedicadas à criação de camarão nas regiões mencionadas. As conclusões do estudo indicam que as características e a configuração das RFCIT da aquicultura em Sinaloa permitiram que ela tivesse uma vantagem competitiva sobre Sonora, mitigando os efeitos da crise dos últimos anos.

We demonstrate the crossover from indirect- to direct band gap in tensile-strained germanium by temperature-dependent photoluminescence. The samples are strained microbridges that enhance a biaxial strain of 0.16% up to 3.6% uniaxial tensile strain. Cooling the bridges to 20 K increases the uniaxial strain up to a maximum of 5.4%. Temperature-dependent photoluminescence reveals the crossover to a fundamental direct band gap to occur between 4.0% and 4.5%. Our data are in good agreement with new theoretical computations that predict a strong bowing of the band parameters with strain., Comment: 9 pages, 8 figures

Geothermal waste, a by-product of steam power plants that use geothermal underground resources, was studied as a possible replacement for Portland cement. This waste consists primarily in amorphous nanometric silica with traces of sodium and potassium chlorides. The replacement ratios studied were 0, 10 and 20% in cements cured at 20 and 60 ºC. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that clinker phase hydration took place earlier in the presence of the geothermal waste. Scanning electron microscopy, in turn, revealed a reduction in porosity and intense calcium hydroxide consumption as a result of the pozzolanic reaction. The pastes containing 20% waste, however, an intense cracking was observed due to the formation of alkali silica reaction gel and ettringite. Cracking was more prominent at 60 ºC but was not observed in either the neat cement or the blend with 10 % waste. The presence of these detrimental phases was attributed to the formation of Friedel’s salt in the initial hydration stages, induced by the chlorides in the geothermal material., Se investigaron pastas de cemento Portland sustituido con un desecho geotérmico, subproducto de la generación de electricidad en plantas que emplean recursos geotérmicos. El desecho está compuesto principalmente de sílice amorfa de tamaño nanométrico, con cloruros de sodio y potasio. Se investigaron cementos con niveles de substitución de 0, 10 y 20%, curados a 20 y 60 °C. En presencia del desecho geotérmico, se observó por Difracción de rayos X cuantitativa que la hidratación de las fases del clínker se aceleró; además mediante microscopía electrónica de barrido se encontró una disminución en la porosidad y un intenso consumo de hidróxido de calcio por la reacción puzolánica. Sin embargo, para pastas con 20% de desecho geotérmico, se observó agrietamiento con la presencia de gel de reacción álcali sílice y ettringita; fue más acentuado a 60 °C y no se observó para pastas de cemento puro y con 10% de desecho. La presencia de las fases nocivas se atribuye a la formación de sal de Friedel en las etapas iniciales de hidratación, promovida por los cloruros provenientes del desecho geotérmico.