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This research paper aims to investigate the competition in the banking sector in Kosovo. For the research purpose, the secondary data from the Central Bank and commercial banks of Kosovo are used. Besides, the comparison methodology is used to analyse the banking sector for the years 2013-2017. The participation of commercial banks in the banking sector in Kosovo was compared and described, and the competitiveness of the banking sector was measured, using the HHI index and Concentration Ratio (CR4). Based on the research results, we can conclude that the competitiveness in 2017 was at a moderate level, in 2016 at a low level. Whereas, in the previous years, there was no real competition in this sector.

This study identifies and assesses the impact and effect of corporate governance (CG), as a good practice mechanism, as well as some specific financial indicators on the performance of the banking sector in Kosovo. The data used in the research are defined as secondary data that include nine (9) commercial banks and cover the period 2013–2020. The analysis applied to data processing is the dynamic approach through 2SLS estimation for the dependent variables ROA, ROE, and NIM. The results obtained at the end of the study show that all variables applied in this research, depending on the variable defined for evaluation, have a significant impact on the performance of the banking sector. The results also show that the most adequate measure for assessing a bank’s performance is the net interest margin (NIM). This research paves the way for debate and discussion on the governing structures of financial institutions and policymakers.

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have a vital position in the international economy. The study aims to examine the compulsory financial reporting requirements set by the Kosovo Council for Financial Reporting (KCFR) as well as SMEs requirements for reviewing the current classification in the Kosovo context. This study, like most relevant studies, employs ordinal probit regression to examine the relationships among the requirements defined as dependent variables and other control variables such as necessary reclassification review under KCFR, preferred reclassification review under KCFR, experience knowledge of accountants and auditors, continuously education concerning financial reporting, and assessments of business owners. According to the reported conclusions, the application of these requirements in the Kosovo context does not create any opportunities for SMEs. On the contrary, the findings point to a thorough review of the reporting requirements for micro-businesses, as the current classification appears to be a burden for these businesses.

Numerous factors affect the rate of return that a financial institution earns. Some of these factors include external forces that shape earnings performance and internal elements found in each financial institution. Policy implications are determined by the type of explanation and should be taken seriously. This paper classifies determinants of bank profitability as well as reviews existing literature on bank performance. The second section of this study quantifies how external factors and internal determinants have influenced the profitability of EU banks. This paper constructs fixed-effect models and Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), which sheds new light on understanding various factors influencing how the EU banking industry performs. The observation period was from 2012 to 2019, and the findings revealed that EU bank profitability is influenced by both external macroeconomic environment and management decisions. The results of this study suggest that equity to assets ratio (EA), Gap ratio, and GDP have a positive impact on bank profitability, while the loan to assets ratio (LA) and the provision for loan losses to total loans ratio (PLL/TL) hurt EU bank profitability. The empirical findings are consistent with the expected results, although, they are different from those of studies that investigated the structure-performance relationship of EU banks because they found that market share and concentration have a positive effect on bank profitability.

This research accords with a detailed overview of management in general regarding SME growth development in Kosovo. So, it deals with the main factors such as the main components of management and its impact on the success and development, the techniques, and the approaches to assess the SME economic system and their development. There is no unique model which explains the managing or manager's experience and firm growth in the complexion of management theories. We have also pointed out the life cycle phases of firms that are not constructed on economic theory but have received considerable attention from managerial theories of enterprises. So, chronologically was analyzed SME development in general, given that Kosovo has a liberal trade regime characterized by simplicity and neutrality of business or SME registration. In our data analysis, we applied Cronbach's alpha for reliability analysis and linear regression. The findings of the paper show that two main topics are management experience and the growth of the sector where they operate has a significant impact. The revision opensachallenge besides wide-ranging debate taking place entrepreneurship andsupervision skills inKosovo. However, this examination has to do with evidence in Kosovo and cannot be generalized to all countries. This investigation is one of the rare researches in this field in Kosovo, which deals with the topic of SME development. This treatment approach should be used by applying dynamic approaches as well as other factors.

This review done by empirical surveillance observes the significances of a number of the explicit factors of the bank that are matching to bank governance, financial market configuration on one hand, and macroeconomic aspects of the Kosovo bank's performance on another hand. The Management and assessment of Kosovo's bank effectiveness were accomplished through two indicators return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE). To recognize this assessment, the OLS, and Arellano-Bond (GMM) regression method will be applied with the data used from the financial statements of Kosovo banks on a periodical basis over the period 2006-2019. Based on the challenging environments in which the banking system of Kosovo has passed, we have carefully chosen some specific determinants of the banking industry, as well as some of the macroeconomic determinants. The outcomes propose that upcoming studies may contain diverse dynamic models as well as altered dependent and independent features to elucidate the performance of Kosovo banks. Keywords: Bank’s profitability, time series, OLS regression, GMM.

The purpose of this research is to study the implication of R&D and Innovation in Entrepreneurship with particular meaning in the SME sector in Kosovo. The research is grounded on a review of the literature in this area and R&D applies and innovation actions of the SME development sector. This paper practices a variety of research methods to explore the development of Kosovo SMEs. In this research, we used a sample of BSCK (Business Support Centre Kosovo) last research, which tells us that most SME managers agreed that a number of activities undertaken are the result of efforts to apply R&D, or innovation occurs within the SME growth orientation. The results of the paper suggest that enterprise success and SME development are conditioned by SME ownership, financial sector conditions, internal and external business environments, and access to regional markets. The paper will also support most aspects of managers' needs to achieve business performance, as well as decision-makers at different levels in developing SME development procedures and regulations.

The purpose of this paper is to find out if selected determinants have any effect on the economic growth rate using the strong balanced panel data for the Western Balkan countries for the period 2001-2017, and the data used are on an annual basis, which in total there are 102 observation periods. For the realization of the paper, secondary data and an advanced dynamic approach were used, such as pooled OLS methods, fixed and random effects model, to test economic growth rate as dependent variable, and explanatory variables such as working remittances to GDP, exports to GDP, imports to GDP, foreign direct investment to GDP and inflation rate. From the generated outputs, it is true to say that working remittances to GDP, exports to GDP, and imports to GDP have an effect that influences economic growth, respectively GDP growth. Even though foreign direct investment to GDP and inflation rate does not have a significant effect on economic growth, respectively GDP growth. Keywords: Economic growth; macroeconomic determinants; panel data. JEL code: O47, O11, C23

The main purpose of this study is to investigate if determinants that we selected in our analysis have any effects on inflation rate in Western Balkans Countries[1] by using panel data for the period of 2001-2017, in yearly basis in total of 102 observation. The study used quantitative analysis approach and secondary data by applying the multivariate time series, respectively vector error correction model [VECM]. Multivariate time series was applied to investigate whether the budget deficit and other explanatory variable have any significant impact on inflation rate. The results from our analysis shows that three of four determinates that we used are significant on inflation rate. The model summaries statistics for inflation rate which shows that inflation rate has a moderate correlation with explanatory variables that we used in our model, that explanatory variables explain 45.5 percent of dependent variable and we can conclude that a model is a proper and fit. The results suggest that one percent point increase in budget deficit to GDP ratio is associated with about a 9.34 percent point increase in inflation rate. The overall inference is that the ratios that we selected has a significant influence on the inflation rate in Western Balkans Countries. [1] Western Balkans Countries: Albania, Bosnia & Hercegovina, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia and Serbia.

This study aims to analyze variables that influence access to bank loans by SMEs in Kosovo and North Macedonia. Research methodology is compound by primary and secondary data. We hypothesized that the age of the SMEs, business size, written business plan, collateral type, and business experience before starting as an owner, owner education, and owner gender influence access to bank loans for SMEs. Econometric model results revealed that age of the SMEs, business size, and written business plan has a significant influence on bank loans borrowed by SMEs, while, collateral type, business experience before starting as an owner, owner level of education, and owner gender have no significant influence on bank loans borrowed by SMEs in the Republic of Kosovo. Furthermore, from the results obtained we revealed that age of the SMEs, business size, written business plan, and owners’ level of education has a significant influence on bank loan borrowed by SMEs, whereas, collateral type, business experience before starting as owner and owners gender have no significant influence on bank loans borrowed by SMEs in the Republic of North Macedonia. The findings suggest some future lines of research at the end and provide recommendations for the main stakeholders of this field of study.

The purpose of this working paper is to investigate if determinants have an impact on inflation rate in Eurozone Countries by using times series data for 17 countries from year 1997 to 2017, in yearly basis in total 375 observations. The study used quantitative research approach and secondary data and is analyzed by using linear regression model measures: Inflation rate as a dependent variable, and five independent variables such us: GDP to growth rate, Deficit to GDP rate, Public debt to GDP rate, Government bond interest rate and Unemployment rate. Linear regression model was applied to investigate the impact of GDP to growth rate, deficit to the GDP rate, Public debt to the GDP rate, Government bond interest rate, and Unemployment rate to the dependent variable Inflation rate. From the Linear Regression Model coefficients for inflation rate as a dependent variable shows that three of five variables have a significance one with negative significance and two positive significance. The empirical result shows that the three of five ratios that we mentioned above have a strong influence on the Inflation rate.