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Copyright of Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics/Fortschritte der Kieferorthopadie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Brucellosis is a bacterial zoonosis caused by the genus Brucella, which mainly affects domestic animals. In these natural hosts, brucellae display a tropism towards the reproductive organs, such as the placenta, replicating in high numbers and leading to placentitis and abortion, an ability also exerted by the B. melitensis live-attenuated Rev1 strain, the only vaccine available for ovine brucellosis. It is broadly accepted that this tropism is mediated, at least in part, by the presence of certain preferred nutrients in the placenta, particularly erythritol, a polyol that is ultimately incorporated into the Brucella central carbon metabolism via two reactions dependent on transaldolase (Tal) or fructose-bisphosphate aldolase (Fba). In the light of these remarks, we propose that blocking the incorporation of erythritol into the central carbon metabolism of Rev1 by deleting the genes encoding Tal and Fba may impair the ability of the vaccine to proliferate massively in the placenta. Therefore, a Rev1ΔfbaΔtal double mutant was generated and confirmed to be unable to use erythritol. This mutant exhibited a reduced intracellular fitness both in BeWo trophoblasts and THP-1 macrophages. In the murine model, Rev1ΔfbaΔtal provided comparable protection to the Rev1 reference vaccine while inducing fewer adverse reproductive events in pregnant animals. Altogether, these results postulate the Rev1ΔfbaΔtal mutant as a reproductively safer Rev1-derived vaccine candidate to be studied in the natural host. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Recently, elevated levels of plasma erythritol have been associated with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). It is known that people with HIV (PWH) have a higher cardiovascular disease burden. Whether PWH have higher levels of plasma erythritol has not been evaluated. This study aimed to assess if blood erythritol levels are elevated in PWH and to examine relationships between erythritol and dietary, cardiometabolic, inflammatory, and gut health markers. Methods: Plasma erythritol levels were measured using frozen samples from 162 participants, including 109 PWH and 53 people without HIV (PWoH) in a parent study. General linear models were used to assess the linear relationship between characteristics, cardiovascular measures, markers of body composition, inflammation, and gut integrity with plasma erythritol. Logistic regression was used to assess risk factors associated with PWH, and cumulative logit models were used to investigate which factors were associated with having the highest plasma erythritol levels among PWH. Results: Compared to PWoH, PWH had higher plasma erythritol levels (p = 0.03). Every 10% increase in VLDL (p = 0.01), visceral adipose tissue (p < 0.0001), or TNFrI (p = 0.01) was associated with an approximately 1% increase in plasma erythritol. Among PWH, HgbA1c (p = 0.003), TNFrI (p = 0.002), and IFAB-P (p = 0.004) were associated with having the highest tertile of plasma erythritol (≥3.6 μM). Compared to PWoH, PWH were more than two times as likely (p = 0.03) to have plasma erythritol ≥ 3.6 μM. Conclusions: We identified positive associations between plasma erythritol levels and several factors, including HIV status, BMI, adipose tissue, TNFr1, HbA1c, and VLDL. These results underscore the importance of further investigating the role of elevated plasma erythritol levels in people with HIV, particularly in light of their increased vulnerability to cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous works have reported that magnetic fields serve as signals capable of influencing microbial metabolism. However, little is known about the effect of magnetic field on erythritol production by the model microorganism Yarrowia lipolytica (Y. lipolytica). Therefore, we investigated the effect of low-frequency alternating magnetic fields (LF-AMF) with different magnetic field intensities (0–1.5 mT) and different magnetic field treatment times (1–10 days) on the production of erythritol by Y. lipolytica -JZ204. The optimal treatment condition was 0.5 mT for 8 days. As a result, a maximal erythritol yield was achieved 63.74 g/L, the biomass was reached 37 g/L, and the specific erythritol yield per unit of biomass was 1.7227 g/g, which were 60.72%, 32.09%, and 24.85% higher than the control, respectively. We investigated the internal mechanism of magnetic fields impact by using transcriptomics and RT-qPCR technology. This study demonstrated the effectiveness of LF-AMF in enhancing erythritol production by Y. lipolytica JZ-204, providing insights for the application of magnetic field in assisting microbial fermentation and improving the synthesis of beneficial products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Development of insecticide resistance in the major malaria vectors has necessitated the development of novel vector control tools. One such strategy involves the use of toxic sugar baits that targets the sugar‐feeding behaviour of mosquito vectors. In this study, we investigated the potential of polyols, as a toxic food (sugar) source in toxic sugar baits against the malaria vector Anopheles stephensi Liston. We examined the acute toxicity of six polyols, namely, erythritol, glycerol, mannitol, propylene glycol (PG), sorbitol, and xylitol on adult female An. stephensi mosquitoes at two different concentrations – 2% and 10%. We also studied changes in fecundity, egg hatchability and mid‐gut peroxide levels induced by polyol exposure. RESULTS: Among the six polyol compounds tested, PG was most toxic and lethal followed by glycerol and erythritol (P < 0.001) compared to the control (sucrose). PG induced acute mortality at different tested concentrations. In the erythritol‐ and glycerol‐fed groups, a dose‐dependent effect on mortality was observed. Glycerol evidently reduced fecundity and egg‐hatchability in gonotrophic cycles G1 and G2. Sucrose was the preferred food source (48%), followed by erythritol (18%), PG (10%) and glycerol (8%). Ingestion of polyols increased peroxide levels in mosquito guts, which persisted for extended durations ultimately resulting in rapid mortality (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The present study highlights the usefulness of sugar polyols for the development of toxic sugar baits with minimal yet effective ingredients. Further research could be focused on field experiments and on the exploration of synergistic effects of different polyols for optimization of field applications. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Engineering the glycerol‐3‐phosphate pathway could enhance erythritol production by accelerating glycerol uptake. However, little work has been conducted on the alternative dihydroxyacetone (DHA) pathway in Yarrowia lipolytica. Herein, this route was identified and characterized in Y. lipolytica by metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis. Moreover, the reaction catalyzed by dihydroxyacetone kinase encoded by dak2 was identified as the rate‐limiting step. By combining NHEJ‐mediated insertion mutagenesis with a push‐and‐pull strategy, Y. lipolytica strains with high‐yield erythritol synthesis from glycerol were obtained. Screening of a library of insertion mutants allows the identification of a mutant with fourfold increased erythritol production. Overexpression of DAK2 and glycerol dehydrogenase GCY3 together with gene encoding transketolase and transaldolase from the nonoxidative part of the pentose phosphate pathway led to a strain with further increased productivity with a titer of 53.1 g/L and a yield 0.56 g/g glycerol, which were 8.1‐ and 4.2‐fold of starting strain. Take Away: The genes involved in the alternative dihydroxyacetone route were detected and then analyzed by GC/MS and RNA‐seq studies.Dihydroxyacetone kinase DAK2 catalyzes the rate‐limited step in the alternative glycerol uptake route.Diverse Yarrowia lipolytica strains had different adaptability to the alternative glycerol uptake route.53.1 g/L of erythritol production and a yield of 0.56 g/g glycerol were achieved by performing a push‐pull strategy in Yarrowia lipolytica M09. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Erythritol is a natural non-caloric sweetener, which is produced by fermentation and extensively applied in food, medicine and chemical industries. The final step of the erythritol synthesis pathway is involved in erythritol reductase, whose activity and NADPH-dependent become the limiting node of erythritol production efficiency. Herein, we implemented a strategy combining molecular docking and thermal stability screening to construct an ER mutant library. And we successfully obtained a double mutant ERK26N/V295M (ER*) whose catalytic activity was 1.48 times that of wild-type ER. Through structural analysis and MD analysis, we found that the catalytic pocket and the enzyme stability of ER* were both improved. We overexpressed ER* in the engineered strain ΔKU70 to obtain the strain YLE-1. YLE-1 can produce 39.47 g/L of erythritol within 144 h, representing a 35% increase compared to the unmodified strain, and a 10% increase compared to the strain overexpressing wild-type ER. Considering the essentiality of NADPH supply, we further co-expressed ER* with two genes from the oxidative phase of PPP, ZWF1 and GND1. This resulted in the construction of YLE-3, which exhibited a significant increase in production, producing 47.85 g/L of erythritol within 144 h, representing a 63.90% increase compared to the original chassis strain. The productivity and the yield of the engineered strain YLE-3 were 0.33 g/L/h and 0.48 g/g glycerol, respectively. This work provided an ER mutation with excellent performance, and also proved the importance of cofactors in the process of erythritol synthesis, which will promote the industrial production of erythritol by metabolic engineering of Y. lipolytica. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The feasibility of aqueous zinc‐ion batteries for large‐scale energy storage is hindered by the inherent challenges of Zn anode. Drawing inspiration from cellular mechanisms governing metal ion and nutrient transport, erythritol is introduced, a zincophilic additive, into the ZnSO4 electrolyte. This innovation stabilizes the Zn anode via chelation interactions between polysaccharides and Zn2+. Experimental tests in conjunction with theoretical calculation results verified that the erythritol additive can simultaneously regulate the solvation structure of hydrated Zn2+ and reconstruct the hydrogen bond network within the solution environment. Additionally, erythritol molecules preferentially adsorb onto the Zn anode, forming a dynamic protective layer. These modifications significantly mitigate undesirable side reactions, thus enhancing the Zn2+ transport and deposition behavior. Consequently, there is a notable increase in cumulative capacity, reaching 6000 mA h cm⁻2 at a current density of 5 mA cm−2. Specifically, a high average coulombic efficiency of 99.72% and long cycling stability of >500 cycles are obtained at 2 mA cm−2 and 1 mA h cm−2. Furthermore, full batteries comprised of MnO2 cathode and Zn anode in an erythritol‐containing electrolyte deliver superior capacity retention. This work provides a strategy to promote the performance of Zn anodes toward practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of the randomized controlled clinical trial study was to evaluate the effectiveness in reducing pathologically increased pocket probing depths (PPD > 3 mm) using the Guided Biofilm Therapy (GBT) protocol (adapted to the clinical conditions in non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT): staining, air-polishing, ultrasonic scaler, air-polishing) compared to conventional instrumentation (staining, hand curettes/sonic scaler, polishing with rotary instruments) both by less experienced practitioners (dental students). Methods: All patients were treated according to a split-mouth design under supervision as diseased teeth of quadrants I/III and II/IV randomly assigned to GBT or conventional treatment. In addition to the treatment time, periodontal parameters such as PPD and bleeding on probing (BOP) before NSPT (T0) and after NSPT (T1: 5 ± 2 months after T0) were documented by two calibrated and blinded examiners (Ethics vote/ Trial-register: Kiel-D509-18/ DRKS00026041). Results: Data of 60 patients were analyzed (stage III/IV: n = 36/ n = 24; grade A/ B/ C: n = 1/ n = 31/ n = 28). At T1, a PPD reduction of all diseased tooth surfaces was observed in 57.0% of the GBT group and 58.7% of the control group (p = 0.067). The target endpoint (PPD ≤ 4 mm without BOP) was achieved in 11.5% for GBT (conventional treatment: 11.2%; p = 0.714). With the exception for number of sites with BOP, which was at T1 15.9% in the GBT group and 14.3% in the control group (p < 0.05) no significant differences between the outcomes of the study were found. At 30.3(28.3) min, the treatment time was significantly shorter in GBT than in the control group at 34.6(24.5) min (p < 0.001). Conclusions: With both protocols (GBT/ conventional instrumentation) comparably good clinical treatment results can be achieve in NSPT in stage III-IV periodontitis patients. Trial registration: The study was registered before the start of the study and can be found under the number DRKS00026041 in the German Clinical Trials Register. The registration date was 19/08/2021. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Erythritol occurs naturally in some fruits and fermented foods, and has also been used as an artificial sweetener since the 1990s. Although there have been questions and some studies regarding its potential adverse health effects, the association between serum erythritol and long-term mortality has not been evaluated. To examine the association between serum erythritol's biochemical status and risk of overall and cause-specific mortality, a prospective cohort analysis was conducted using participants in the ATBC Study (1985–1993) previously selected for metabolomic sub-studies. The analysis included 4468 participants, among whom 3377 deaths occurred during an average of 19.1 years of follow-up. Serum erythritol was assayed using an untargeted, global, high-resolution, accurate-mass platform of ultra-high-performance liquid and gas chromatography. Cause-specific deaths were identified through Statistics Finland and defined by the International Classification of Diseases. After adjustment for potential confounders, serum erythritol was associated with increased risk of overall mortality (HR = 1.50 [95% CI = 1.17–1.92]). We found a positive association between serum erythritol and cardiovascular disease mortality risk (HR = 1.86 [95% CI = 1.18–2.94]), which was stronger for heart disease mortality than for stroke mortality risk (HR = 3.03 [95% CI = 1.00–9.17] and HR = 2.06 [95% CI = 0.72–5.90], respectively). Cancer mortality risk was also positively associated with erythritol (HR = 1.54 [95% CI = 1.09–2.19]). The serum erythritol–overall mortality risk association was stronger in men ≥ 55 years of age and those with diastolic blood pressure ≥ 88 mm Hg (p for interactions 0.045 and 0.01, respectively). Our study suggests that elevated serum erythritol is associated with increased risk of overall, cardiovascular disease, and cancer mortality. Additional studies clarifying the role of endogenous production and dietary/beverage intake of erythritol in human health and mortality are warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Sugar substitutes are sweeteners used to replace carbohydrates in food. These include both natural and artificial sweeteners. In recent years, erythritol has become one of the most widely used sugar substitutes. While erythritol offers many benefits as a sugar substitute, some studies have indicated potential risks associated with its use. This article, presented in an interview format, discusses erythritol, other sugar substitutes, and the potential risks of erythritol identified in current scientific research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science & Technology is the property of Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science & Technology Periodical Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Excellent oxygen barrier films were prepared by blending very small loadings (<1 wt%) of dihydroxyacetone (DHA), erythritol (ET) or xylitol (XT) in thermoplastic starch (TPS), and/or processing with supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) assistance. The minimum oxygen transmission rates (OTR) and all free-volume-hole characteristic (FVH) values of each scCO2-processed TPS/sugar alcohol film series are somewhat smaller than those of corresponding TPS/sugar alcohol film series without scCO2-assistance, and decrease with the decrease in sugar alcohol's molecular weight. The minimum OTR values acquired for scCO2-processed TPS/DHA and TPS/ET blown films are only 3.6 and 4.3 cm3/m2·day·atm, respectively, which meet the demand of high oxygen barrier films having OTR ≦5 cm3/m2·day·atm. The longitudinal or transversal tensile strengths acquired for each scCO2-processed TPS/sugar alcohol series films are ∼30 % to ∼40 % higher than those of the TPS blown films. Dynamic mechanical relaxations of each TPS/sugar alcohol or scCO2-processed TPS/sugar alcohol film series reveal that the sugar alcohols are compatible with TPS, as their sugar alcohol contents are ≤ the corresponding compatibility values. The decreased OTR and FVH values acquired for TPS/sugar alcohol or scCO2-processed TPS/sugar alcohol films are most likely due to them being scCO2-processed or incorporated with smaller molecular weight of sugar alcohols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background The aim of the randomized controlled clinical trial study was to evaluate the effectiveness in reducing pathologically increased pocket probing depths (PPD > 3 mm) using the Guided Biofilm Therapy (GBT) protocol (adapted to the clinical conditions in non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT): staining, air-polishing, ultrasonic scaler, air-polishing) compared to conventional instrumentation (staining, hand curettes/sonic scaler, polishing with rotary instruments) both by less experienced practitioners (dental students). Methods All patients were treated according to a split-mouth design under supervision as diseased teeth of quadrants I/III and II/IV randomly assigned to GBT or conventional treatment. In addition to the treatment time, periodontal parameters such as PPD and bleeding on probing (BOP) before NSPT (T0) and after NSPT (T1: 5 ± 2 months after T0) were documented by two calibrated and blinded examiners (Ethics vote/ Trial-register: Kiel-D509-18/ DRKS00026041). Results Data of 60 patients were analyzed (stage III/IV: n = 36/ n = 24; grade A/ B/ C: n = 1/ n = 31/ n = 28). At T1, a PPD reduction of all diseased tooth surfaces was observed in 57.0% of the GBT group and 58.7% of the control group (p = 0.067). The target endpoint (PPD ≤ 4 mm without BOP) was achieved in 11.5% for GBT (conventional treatment: 11.2%; p = 0.714). With the exception for number of sites with BOP, which was at T1 15.9% in the GBT group and 14.3% in the control group (p

Abstract Background There is insufficient clinical and microbiological evidence to support the use of diode laser and air-polishing with erythritol as supplements to scaling and root planning(SRP). The aim of the current study is to evaluate the clinical and microbiologic efficacy of erythritol subgingival air polishing and diode laser in treatment of periodontitis. Methods The study encompassed twenty-four individuals seeking periodontal therapy and diagnosed with stage I and stage II periodontitis. Eight patients simply underwent SRP. Eight more patients had SRP followed by erythritol subgingival air polishing, and eight patients had SRP followed by diode laser application. At baseline and six weeks, clinical periodontal parameters were measured, including Plaque Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI), periodontal Probing Depth (PPD), and Clinical Attachment Level (CAL). The bacterial count of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans(A.A), Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.G) was evaluated at different points of time. Results The microbiological assessment revealed significant differences in the count of A.A. between the laser and erythritol groups immediately after treatment, indicating a potential impact on microbial levels. However, the microbial levels showed fluctuations over the subsequent weeks, without statistically significant differences. Plaque indices significantly decreased post-treatment in all groups, with no significant inter-group differences. Gingival indices decreased, and the laser group showed lower values than erythritol and control groups. PPD and CAL decreased significantly across all groups, with the laser group exhibiting the lowest values. Conclusion The supplementary use of diode laser and erythritol air polishing, alongside SRP, represents an expedited periodontal treatment modality. This approach leads to a reduction in bacteria and improvement in periodontal health. Trial registration This clinical trial was registered on Clinical Trials.gov (Registration ID: NCT06209554) and released on 08/01/2024.

In order to increase the kinds of jelly and improve the added value of Phyllanthus emblica L. and passion fruit, using P. emblica L. and passion fruit as main raw materials, sensory score, color and texture properties as indicators, the effects of the added amount of passion fruit juice, compound gum and erythritol on the quality of the compound jelly of P. emblica L. and passion fruit were explored by single factor experiments. On this basis, taking sensory score as the response value, the formulation of the compound jelly of P. emblica L. and passion fruit was optimized by response surface methodology. The results showed that the best formulation of the compound jelly of P. emblica L. and passion fruit was as follows: The added amount of passion fruit juice was 19%, the added amount of compound gum was 2.0% (the mass ratio of curdlan gum, konjac gum and xanthan gum was 30:3:7), and the added amount of erythritol was 26.8%. The compound jelly prepared under these conditions was orange in color, lustrous, delicate in taste, with the characteristic flavors of P. emblica L. and passion fruit being outstanding and harmonious. It tasted sweet and sour, with long sweet aftertaste, and the hardness, elasticity and chewiness were moderate. Its overall acceptability was very good, and its sensory score was 8.65 points. This study could provide a reference for the development of low-sugar compound jelly of P. emblica L. and passion fruit without adding flavor, pigment and sucrose.

Abstract Background Erythritol, a natural polyol, is a low-calorie sweetener synthesized by a number of microorganisms, such as Moniliella pollinis. Yet, a widespread use of erythritol is limited by high production costs due to the need for cultivation on glucose-rich substrates. This study explores the potential of using Trichoderma reesei as an alternative host for erythritol production, as this saprotrophic fungus can be cultivated on lignocellulosic biomass residues. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether such an alternative host would lead to a more sustainable and economically viable production of erythritol by identifying suitable carbon sources for erythritol biosynthesis, the main parameters influencing erythritol biosynthesis and evaluating the feasibility of scaling up the defined process. Results Our investigation revealed that T. reesei can synthesize erythritol from glucose but not from other carbon sources like xylose and lactose. T. reesei is able to consume erythritol, but it does not in the presence of glucose. Among nitrogen sources, urea and yeast extract were more effective than ammonium and nitrate. A significant impact on erythritol synthesis was observed with variations in pH and temperature. Despite successful shake flask experiments, the transition to bioreactors faced challenges, indicating a need for further scale-up optimization. Conclusions While T. reesei shows potential for erythritol production, reaching a maximum concentration of 1 g/L over an extended period, its productivity could be improved by optimizing the parameters that affect erythritol production. In any case, this research contributes valuable insights into the polyol metabolism of T. reesei, offering potential implications for future research on glycerol or mannitol production. Moreover, it suggests a potential metabolic association between erythritol production and glycolysis over the pentose phosphate pathway.

AbstractIn recent years, the worldwide increase in lifestyle diseases and metabolic disorders has been ascribed to the excessive consumption of sucrose and added sugars. For this reason, many approaches have been developed in order to replace sucrose in food and beverage formulations with alternative sweetening compounds. The raising awareness concerning the synthetic sweeteners due to their negative impact on health, triggered the need to search for alternative substances. Natural sweeteners may be classified in: (i) non-nutritive (e.g., neohesperidine dihydrochalcone, thaumatin, glycyrrhizin mogroside and stevia) and (ii) bulk sweeteners, including both polyols (e.g., maltitol, mannitol, erythritol) and rare sugars (e.g., tagatose and allulose). In this review we discuss the most popular natural sweeteners and their application in the main food sectors (e.g., bakery, dairy, confectionary and beverage), providing a full understanding of their impact on the textural and sensory properties in comparison to sucrose. Furthermore, we analyze the use of natural sweeteners in blends, which in addition to enabling an effective replacement of sugar, in order to complement the merits and limits of individual compounds. Finally, microencapsulation technology is presented as an alternative strategy to solving some issues such as aftertaste, bitterness, unpleasant flavors, but also to enhance their stability and ease of use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to expand the screening range of cooling materials for traditional cigarettes, the eutectic point of xylitol and erythritol was calculated through the binary phase diagram of xylitol and erythritol. A binary eutectic sugar alcohols particles of xylitol and erythritol were prepared by melting method and applied as a cooling material in traditional cigarettes, and their heat absorption and cooling effects were evaluated. The results showed that the ratio of the amount of xylitol to erythritol at the eutectic point of binary eutectic sugar alcohol was 7.6 :2.4, which was named as X7.6E2.4 eutectic sugar alcohol particles, and the eutectic temperature was approximately 89 °C. The preparation process of the eutectic sugar alcohol particles did not undergo any chemical reaction, and their morphological characteristics were similar to those of xylitol particles, with a relatively smooth surface. When applied to medium and short length cigarettes, the mainstream smoke temperature of the cigarette was reduced by 6. 8 °C compared to blank cigarettes. Xylitol particles could effectively retain moisture from mainstream smoke. The more xylitol content was added to binary eutectic sugar alcohol particles, the less moisture was captured at the cigarette outlet. Binary eutectic sugar alcohol particles could intercept some of the tar in mainstream smoke, among which X7.6E2.4 eutectic sugar alcohol particle cigarettes capture the least amount of tar at the outlet, but binary eutectic sugar alcohol particles had no significant effect on the nicotine and CO content in mainstream smoke. The cigarette with added X7.6E2.4 eutectic sugar alcohol particles showed an improvement in the sweetness of the smoke, but the suction resistance slightly increased. In addition, the heat sensation of the smoke of cigarettes was decreased, resulting in the highest the overall sensory quality evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the impact of erythritol (ERY) on structural and functional properties of whey protein isolate (WPI). FTIR and CD revealed that WPI underwent structural changes, including formation of β‐folds and random coils, upon interaction with 20 mg/mL ERY. SEM showed increased surface roughness of WPI, indicating enhanced protein exposure. Moreover, binding rate exceeded 85%, accompanied by increased surface hydrophobicity. Fluorescence spectroscopy indicated a red shift in fluorescence of WPI and tyrosine (Tyr) residues, altering polarity of Tyr environment due to ERY coordination. Additionally, ERY presence enhanced the functional properties of WPI, including foaming, freeze–thaw stability, rheology and antioxidant activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Erythritol, as a new type of natural sweetener, has been widely used in food, medical, cosmetics, pharmaceutical and other fields due to its unique physical and chemical properties and physiological functions. In recent years, with the continuous development of strategies such as synthetic biology, metabolic engineering, omics-based systems biology and high-throughput screening technology, people's understanding of the erythritol biosynthesis pathway has gradually deepened, and microbial cell factories with independent modification capabilities have been successfully constructed. In this review, the cheap feedstocks for erythritol synthesis are introduced in detail, the environmental factors affecting the synthesis of erythritol and its regulatory mechanism are described, and the tools and strategies of metabolic engineering involved in erythritol synthesis are summarized. In addition, the study of erythritol derivatives is helpful in expanding its application field. Finally, the challenges that hinder the effective production of erythritol are discussed, which lay a foundation for the green, efficient and sustainable production of erythritol in the future and breaking through the bottleneck of production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to increase the kinds of jelly and improve the added value of Phyllanthus emblica L. and passion fruit, using P. emblica L. and passion fruit as main raw materials, sensory score, color and texture properties as indicators, the effects of the added amount of passion fruit juice, compound gum and erythritol on the quality of the compound jelly of P. emblica L. and passion fruit were explored by single factor experiments. On this basis, taking sensory score as the response value, the formulation of the compound jelly of P. emblica L. and passion fruit was optimized by response surface methodology. The results showed that the best formulation of the compound jelly of P. emblica L. and passion fruit was as follows: The added amount of passion fruit juice was 19%, the added amount of compound gum was 2.0% (the mass ratio of curdlan gum, konjac gum and xanthan gum was 30:3:7), and the added amount of erythritol was 26.8%. The compound jelly prepared under these conditions was orange in color, lustrous, delicate in taste, with the characteristic flavors of P. emblica L. and passion fruit being outstanding and harmonious. It tasted sweet and sour, with long sweet aftertaste, and the hardness, elasticity and chewiness were moderate. Its overall acceptability was very good, and its sensory score was 8.65 points. This study could provide a reference for the development of low-sugar compound jelly of P. emblica L. and passion fruit without adding flavor, pigment and sucrose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Erythritol, a natural polyol, is a low-calorie sweetener synthesized by a number of microorganisms, such as Moniliella pollinis. Yet, a widespread use of erythritol is limited by high production costs due to the need for cultivation on glucose-rich substrates. This study explores the potential of using Trichoderma reesei as an alternative host for erythritol production, as this saprotrophic fungus can be cultivated on lignocellulosic biomass residues. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether such an alternative host would lead to a more sustainable and economically viable production of erythritol by identifying suitable carbon sources for erythritol biosynthesis, the main parameters influencing erythritol biosynthesis and evaluating the feasibility of scaling up the defined process. Results: Our investigation revealed that T. reesei can synthesize erythritol from glucose but not from other carbon sources like xylose and lactose. T. reesei is able to consume erythritol, but it does not in the presence of glucose. Among nitrogen sources, urea and yeast extract were more effective than ammonium and nitrate. A significant impact on erythritol synthesis was observed with variations in pH and temperature. Despite successful shake flask experiments, the transition to bioreactors faced challenges, indicating a need for further scale-up optimization. Conclusions: While T. reesei shows potential for erythritol production, reaching a maximum concentration of 1 g/L over an extended period, its productivity could be improved by optimizing the parameters that affect erythritol production. In any case, this research contributes valuable insights into the polyol metabolism of T. reesei, offering potential implications for future research on glycerol or mannitol production. Moreover, it suggests a potential metabolic association between erythritol production and glycolysis over the pentose phosphate pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seasonal storage of solar thermal energy through supercooled phase change materials (PCM) offers a promising solution for decarbonizing space and water heating in winter. Despite the high energy density and adaptability, natural PCMs often lack the necessary supercooling for stable, long-term storage. Leveraging erythritol, a sustainable mid-temperature PCM with high latent heat, we introduce a straightforward method to stabilize its supercooling by incorporating carrageenan (CG), a bio-derived food thickener. By improving the solid-liquid interfacial energy with the addition of CG the latent heat of erythritol can be effectively locked at a very low temperature. We show that the composite PCM can sustain an ultrastable supercooled state below −30 °C, which guarantees no accidental loss of the latent heat in severe cold regions on Earth. We further demonstrate that the common ultrasonication method can be used as the key to unlocking the latent heat stored in the CG-thickened erythritol, showing its great potential to serve as a high-performance, eco-friendly PCM for long-term seasonal solar energy storage. To enable high-performance seasonal thermal energy storage for decarbonized solar heating, the authors propose an effective method to realize ultrastable supercooled erythritol, with an ultrahigh supercooling >150 ˚C, by making it more viscous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transition metal–catalyzed polymerization of 1,3‐butadiene obtained from the erythritol, a kind of biomass product, was investigated to evaluate the effect of byproducts in the synthesis of 1,3‐butadiene from erythritol. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and size exclusion chromatography results show that cis‐1,4‐polybutadiene can be selectively obtained using biomass 1,3‐butadiene model gas, which contains 1‐butene, cis‐2‐butene, and trans‐2‐butene, or erythritol‐derived 1,3‐butadiene, and no effect of butenes on the conversion rate or the microstructure of the resulting polymer was observed compared with using naphtha‐derived 1,3‐butadiene. The vulcanizate of the cis‐1,4‐polybutadiene obtained using 1,3‐butadiene having a biomass model gas containing butenes has mechanical properties equivalent to those of naphtha‐derived polybutadiene in tensile tests. This demonstrates that erythritol can be used as a new raw material for cis‐1,4‐polybutadiene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This narrative review assesses the literature on the effectiveness of erythritol/glycine powder air polishing (EPAP/GPAP) in non-surgical periodontal treatment (NSPT) in terms of improving the clinical and microbiological parameters of periodontium status after airpolishing debridement. Methods: A detailed search of the literature was conducted in the following electronic databases: Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus. The inclusion criteria encompassed systematic reviews with meta-analyses that were published throughout the timeframe of 2014 to 2022, and human, peer-reviewed clinical studies examining the efficacy of usage of air-polishing devices in the treatment of periodontitis that were published between 2008 to 2022. Results: The search yielded 4 systematic reviews and 6 original research papers, encompassing a total of 8 clinical investigations. Conclusion: The selected literature lacked data that included a long-term evaluation of more than 12 months on the effect of air polishing powder in non-surgical periodontal treatment. Regardless of that, powder air polishing showed a comparable outcome compared with scaling root planning (SRP) with the superiority of powder air polishing in terms of antimicrobial effectiveness and exhibits better patient experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of erythritol as a food sweetener has spread significantly from Japan throughout the world. We describe a case of severe anaphylaxis due to immediate-type allergy to erythritol that was diagnosed with in vitro basophil activation tests and in vivo skin tests.

Purpose: To assess the root surface roughness and substance loss induced by chemical and chemomechanical challenges on root surfaces pretreated with ultrasonic instrumentation, a hand scaler, or erythritol airflow. Materials and Methods: One hundred twenty (120) bovine dentin specimens were used in this study. Specimens were divided into eight groups and treated as follows: groups 1 and 2: polished with 2000- and 4000-grit carborundum papers but not instrumented ('untreated'); groups 3 and 4: hand scaler; groups 5 and 6: ultrasonic instrumentation; groups 7 and 8: erythritol airflow. Samples from groups 1, 3, 5, and 7 then underwent a chemical challenge (5 x 2 min HCl [pH 2.7]), whereas samples from groups 2, 4, 6, and 8 were subjected to a chemomechanical challenge (5 x 2 min HCl [pH 2.7] + 2 min brushing). Surface roughness and substance loss were measured profilometrically. Results: The least substance loss through chemomechanical challenge was noted after erythritol airflow treatment (4.65 ± 0.93 μm), followed by ultrasonic instrumentation (7.30 ± 1.42 μm) and the hand scaler (8.30 ± 1.38 μm); the last two (hand scaler and ultrasonic tip) did not differ statistically significantly. The highest roughness after chemomechanical challenge was observed on ultrasonically treated specimens (1.25 ± 0.85 μm), followed by hand-scaled specimens (0.24 ± 0.16 μm) and those subject to erythritol airflow (0.18 ± 0.09 μm); there was no statistically signficant difference between the latter two, but they both differed statistically significantly from the ultrasonically treated specimens. No statistically significant difference in substance loss through the chemical challenge was observed between specimens pretreated by the hand scaler (0.75 ± 0.15 μm), ultrasonic tip (0.65 ± 0.15 μm), and erythritol airflow (0.75 ± 0.15 μm). The chemical challenge smoothed the surfaces treated with the hand scaler, ultrasonic tip, and erythritol airflow. Conclusion: Dentin pretreatment with erythritol powder airflow resulted in a higher resistance to chemomechanical challenge than did dentin treated ultrasonically or with the hand scaler. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial sweeteners are widely used sugar substitutes, but little is known about their long-term effects on cardiometabolic disease risks. Here we examined the commonly used sugar substitute erythritol and atherothrombotic disease risk. In initial untargeted metabolomics studies in patients undergoing cardiac risk assessment (n = 1,157; discovery cohort, NCT00590200 ), circulating levels of multiple polyol sweeteners, especially erythritol, were associated with incident (3 year) risk for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE; includes death or nonfatal myocardial infarction or stroke). Subsequent targeted metabolomics analyses in independent US (n = 2,149, NCT00590200 ) and European (n = 833, DRKS00020915 ) validation cohorts of stable patients undergoing elective cardiac evaluation confirmed this association (fourth versus first quartile adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval), 1.80 (1.18-2.77) and 2.21 (1.20-4.07), respectively). At physiological levels, erythritol enhanced platelet reactivity in vitro and thrombosis formation in vivo. Finally, in a prospective pilot intervention study ( NCT04731363 ), erythritol ingestion in healthy volunteers (n = 8) induced marked and sustained (>2 d) increases in plasma erythritol levels well above thresholds associated with heightened platelet reactivity and thrombosis potential in in vitro and in vivo studies. Our findings reveal that erythritol is both associated with incident MACE risk and fosters enhanced thrombosis. Studies assessing the long-term safety of erythritol are warranted.

Apple processing into juice generates vast amounts of a by-product, namely fruit pomace, which poses a serious problem for the processing industry. At the same time, fruit pomace features a high health potential. The aim of the present study was to develop recipes of 8 variants of cookies with wheat flour substituted by apple pomace (0, 10, 30 and 50% of flour weight), sweetened with sucrose and erythritol. The cookies were analyzed for their nutritional value; antioxidant capacity (ABTS•+ scavenging activity and oxygen radical absorption capacity – ORAC); the ability to inhibit α-amylase, α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase; and consumer acceptability. In total, 13 phenolic compounds were identified in the cookies with pomace. Cookies with 50% addition of apple pomace had an approximately 8-fold higher content of dietary fibre than traditional products (without the apple pomace) and simultaneously reduced energy value (by 32.6 and 40.5 kcal/100 g of cookies sweetened with sucrose and erythritol, respectively). The antioxidant capacity of cookies was 0.032–0.316 mmol TE/100 g in the ABTS assay and 1.153–2.070 mmol TE/100 g when ORAC was determined. The IC 50 enabling α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition ranged from 138.1 to 221.8 mg/mL and from 976.4 to 1374.9 mg/mL, respectively. The anti-lipase activity of cookies with the addition of 50% apple pomace and erythritol was the highest (IC 50 of 7.3 mg/mL). Both antioxidant capacity and antidiabetic potential increased significantly with the increasing proportion of pomace in cookies. Replacing sucrose with erythritol favorably influenced the consumer assessment. The study results show that the proposed products can be a perfect alternative to traditional sweet snack products, especially for consumers with diet-related diseases. The feasibility of using waste raw materials, which are a challenge to the food industry, has been proven as well.

AMAÇ: Dental biyofilmin uzaklaştırılması hem çürük riskini ortadan kaldırmak hem de restore edilmiş dişlerin sağlığını idame ettirmek için gereklidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, süt dişi minesine uygulanan sodyum bikarbonat tozu ile yeni nesil eritritol tozunun minenin yüzey mikrosertliği ve renginde oluşturduğu değişikliklerin karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirilmesidir. GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: 40 adet çekilmiş insan süt dişi rastgele olarak kontrol, sodyum bikarbonat, sodyum bikarbonat+eritritol ve eritritol olmak üzere dört gruba ayrılmıştır. Elde edilen örneklerin yüzey sertliği ve yüzey renklenmeleri işlem öncesi ve sonrasında olacak şekilde değerlendirilmiştir. Verilerin normal dağılım analizi için Shapiro Wilks testi kullanılmış, veri analizleri ise eşleştirilmiş örneklem t-testi ve tek yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA) ile yapılmıştır. İstatistiksel anlamlılık değeri p

In order to determine compounds present in the aqueous extract of Cinnamomum kanehirae Hay (CWE) that promote the asexual sporulation of Antrodia cinnamomea in submerged fermentation. First, CWE was isolated by alcohol precipitation and fractional extraction with different organic solvents. The influence of the obtained fractions on the asexual sporulation of A. cinnamomea was investigated. It was showed that the chloroform (at 30 μg/mL) and ethyl acetate (at 50 μg/mL) extracts of the supernatant after ethanol precipitation of CWE presented remarkable promoting effects on the sporulation of A. cinnamomea, and the effect of LFE was significantly more pronounced than that of YZE, indicating that both LFE and YZE contained compounds that promote the sporulation of A. cinnamomea. Subsequently, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to analyze the chemical components of the fractions obtained from CWE, and erythritol was considered as the major component that promotes the sporulation of A. cinnamomea. Finally, the effect of erythritol with a purity of 98% on the fermentation performance of A. cinnamomead was investigated. The result showed that erythritol did significantly promote the sporulation of A. cinnamomea and increased the spore production by 55.17% compared with the control group at the optimal concentration of 1.0 μg/mL. Meanwhile, 1.0 μg/mL erythritol significantly promoted the mycelial growth and synthesis of intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) of A. cinnamomea in submerged fermentation and increased the biomass and the yield of IPS by 18.65% and 260.13%, respectively. However, erythritol had no significant effect on the synthesis of triterpenes in A. cinnamomea.

The prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes continues to grow, which determines the need to develop new methods of prevention in order to reduce the population risks of developing these diseases. The current direction is to limit the consumption of easily digestible carbohydrates and use low-calorie or non-calorie sweeteners instead. Currently, there is an increase in the use of non-calorie sweeteners in the manufacture of food. In this regard, the study of their possible effects on metabolic processes is of great importance.This review presents studies that have shown different effects of non-calorie sweeteners on carbohydrate and fat metabolism, body weight, the composition of intestinal microbiota, as well as the regulation of eating behavior. Some studies show that low-calorie sugar substitutes can be used in obese people as part of a comprehensive weight loss program, as well as in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with the aim of reducing postprandial hyperglycemia. Other studies demonstrate the negative effect of a number of low-calorie sweeteners on carbohydrate metabolism.The main search for materials was carried out in Pubmed databases, eLIBRARY.ru, Google Scholar. Temporary search criteria 2012–2023 The relevant additional literature was included after a manual search in the literature lists of the included articles.

Abstract Background Erythritol is a four-carbon polyol with an unclear role in metabolism of some unconventional yeasts. Its production has been linked to the osmotic stress response, but the mechanism of stress protection remains unclear. Additionally, erythritol can be used as a carbon source. In the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica, its assimilation is activated by the transcription factor Euf1. The study investigates whether this factor can link erythritol to other processes in the cell. Results The research was performed on two closely related strains of Y. lipolytica: MK1 and K1, where strain K1 has no functional Euf1. Cultures were carried out in erythritol-containing and erythritol-free media. Transcriptome analysis revealed the effect of Euf1 on the regulation of more than 150 genes. Some of these could be easily connected with different aspects of erythritol assimilation, such as: utilization pathway, a new potential isoform of transketolase, or polyol transporters. However, many of the upregulated genes have never been linked to metabolism of erythritol. The most prominent examples are the degradation pathway of branched-chain amino acids and the glyoxylate cycle. The high transcription of genes affected by Euf1 is still dependent on the erythritol concentration in the medium. Moreover, almost all up-regulated genes have an ATGCA motif in the promoter sequence. Conclusions These findings may be particularly relevant given the increasing use of erythritol-induced promoters in genetic engineering of Y. lipolytica. Moreover, use of this yeast in biotechnological processes often takes place under osmotic stress conditions. Erythritol might be produce as a by-product, thus better understanding of its influence on cell metabolism could facilitate processes optimization.

Erythritol is a polyol with a sweet taste but low energy value. Thanks to its valuable properties, as well as growing social awareness and nutritional trends, its popularity is growing rapidly. The aim of this study was to increase the effectiveness of erythritol production from glucose using new UV mutants of the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica obtained in the Wratislavia K1 strain. The ability of the new strains to biosynthesize erythritol and utilize this polyol was examined in shake-flask cultures and fed-batch processes conducted in a stirred tank reactor with a total glucose concentration of 300 and 400 g/L. The Wratislavia K1 strain produced erythritol most efficiently (97.5 g/L; 192 h) at an initial glucose concentration of 250 g/L (total: 300 g/L). New strains were assessed under such conditions, and it was noted that the highest erythritol concentration (145 g/L; 183 h) was produced by the K1UV15 strain. A significant improvement in the erythritol biosynthesis efficiency (148 g/L; 150 h) was achieved upon the increase in (NH4)2SO4 to 3.6 g/L. Further, in the culture with such a concentration of the nitrogen source and increased total glucose level (400 g/L), the K1UV15 strain produced 226 g/L of erythritol within 281 h. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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