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1. Detection of Short-Term Fluctuations in Measurement Systems by Determination of Extreme Values and Range

Author

Erwin Hansert

Subjects
Models, Statistical, Quality management, System of measurement, education, Biochemistry (medical), Clinical Biochemistry, Guidelines as Topic, General Medicine, Term (time), Normal distribution, Statistics, Range (statistics), Limit (mathematics), Laboratories, Extreme value theory, Value (mathematics), Probability, Total Quality Management, Mathematics
Abstract

In the new draft, in preparation, of the guidelines of the German Medical Council (Richtlinien der Bundesärztekammer, RiLiBAK) for quality management of clinical laboratory measurement systems, particular emphasis is placed on the establishment of a lower and upper limit for each control value in a control cycle. In the present study, an attempt is made to show that this approach alone does not detect even relatively large short-term changes in a measurement system. A substantial improvement is possible with modest outlay, by also examining the difference between the largest and smallest individual control values, i.e. by determining the current range. Appropriate practical limits for this procedure are derived from the theoretical behaviour of extreme values, based initially on the usual assumption of a normal distribution. Furthermore, it is shown that these limits are also meaningful for other assumed appropriate distributions.

Published
1996
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2. International Symposium on Statistical Quality Control in the Analytical Laboratory

Author

H. Büttner, Erwin Hansert, A. H. Gowenlock, D. Stamm, J. Frei, Gerald R. Cooper, P. M. G. Broughton, D. B. Tonks, Bradley E. Copeland, K. Jørgensen, L. Eldjarn, G. Gottschalk, and M. Hjelm

Subjects
Engineering, business.industry, Management science, Clinical Biochemistry, Medical laboratory, General Materials Science, Analytical Chemistry (journal), General Medicine, Statistical process control, business, Analytical Chemistry
Published
1968
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3. A New Procedure for Discriminating Between Two Patient Populations Using Multivariate Decision Limits: Application in the Detection and Exclusion of Alcoholism Based on Clinical Laboratory Findings

Author

D. Stamm, Erwin Hansert, and H. Federkiel

Subjects
Multivariate statistics, Optimization problem, Clinical Laboratory Techniques, Biochemistry (medical), Clinical Biochemistry, education, Nonparametric statistics, General Medicine, Clinical Enzyme Tests, Alcoholism, Discriminant, Research Design, Statistics, Range (statistics), Humans, Set theory, Sensitivity (control systems), Software, Probability, Statistical hypothesis testing, Mathematics
Abstract

A simple, nonparametric discrimination procedure was developed and tested for use in discriminating between two populations, especially in those cases where the properties of the distributions lead to unsatisfactory results by classical discrimination procedures. The procedure is based on transferring the conventional concept of a decision limit from one to several variables, with combinations (in set theory terms: unions and intersections) of multidimensional intervals serving as the discriminant regions (referred to here as simple discriminant regions). The procedure was applied to two groups of patients, alcoholics and non-alcoholics. A level of efficiency 20% higher than that attainable with conventional procedures was obtained using only six clinical chemical parameters. In addition, the procedure is more flexible than conventional procedures. It enables the solution of optimization problems for each of the three common discrimination criteria (sensitivity, specificity and efficiency) with no fundamental difficulties, and it is still possible to select at will the range(s) for the decision point and for the order of the discriminant regions. For all of the clinical chemical parameters studied the distributions of the results for the two patient samples overlapped very markedly. If, for example, a sensitivity of 100% was specified, the best specificity attainable using the six parameters that discriminated best was only about 53%, and if a specificity of 100% was required, the best sensitivity was about 56%. The analogy between the discrimination principle and the principle of a statistical test (the relationship between detection and exclusion of alcoholism) is also discussed.

Published
1984

4. Contributors

Author

Robexrt H. Abeles, Hugo Aebi, Erik Änggard, Norman G. Anderson, Walter Appel, M.H. Aprison, Gilbert Ashwell, Swee E. Aw, Uriel Bachrach, Karl-Heinz Bässler, Eugene S. Baginski, Klaus Beaucamp, Günter Bechtler, Hans Ulrich Bergmeyer, Erich Bernt, Hans-Otto Beutler, Rardon D. Bevill, Heidi Birchmeier, Oscar Bodansky, Paul Boulanger, Karl Brand, Myron Brin, David J.H. Brock, John T. Brosnan, David H. Brown, Joseph G. Brown, Theodor Bücher, Hannes Büttner, Giovanni Ceriotti, James F.A. Chase, Alan Coddington, Patricia S. Cohen, Jack M. Cooperman, Rudolf Czok, Stanley Dagley, Katharina von Dahl, Arne Dahlqvist, Karl Decker, Ulrich C. Dubach, Arnold Eberhard, Fujio Egami, Leonard V. Eggleston, Manfred Eggstein, Frank Eisenberg, Hugo Fasold, William H. Fishman, Piero P. Foà, Edith Förster, Georg Forster, Jörg Frei, Ursula Friebe, Lygia W. Fried, Rainer Fried, Herbert C. Friedmann, Wolf-Peter Fritsch, Hans Fritz, Herbert J. Fromm, Ernest F. Gale, Peter Bryan Garland, Karlfried Gawehn, Ulrich Gerlach, Paul A. Giang, Martin Gibbs, Richard Gitzelmann, Guiseppe Giusti, Heinz W. Goedde, Nelson D. Goldberg, L.T. Graham, Marianne Grassi, Elaine Greenberg, Helmut Greiling, Wolfgang Gruber, Gerd Gundlach, Ingeborg Gutmann, Alexander Hagen, Erich Haid, Hans Haindl, Geoffrey Halliwell, Erwin Hansert, Shin Hasegawa, George G. Hazen, Fritz Heinz, Benno Hess, Peter-Uwe Heuckenkamp, Walter Hiby, John G. Hildebrand, Günther Hillmann, Magnus Hjelm, John R. Hobbs, Norman Joseph Hochella, Thomas Höpner, Helmut Hofner, August W. Holldorf, Günter Holz, Helmut Holzer, Bernhard L. Horecker, Koki Horikoshi, Ronald E. Huribert, Joel Hutzier, Kurt J. Isselbacher, Barbara von Jagow-Westermann, William B. Jakoby, Dieter Jaworek, Mary Ellen Jones, Søren Jørgensen, Wolfram Kaiser, Heinrich Kaltwasser, Reinhard Kattermann, Edna B. Kearney, Dietrich Keppler, John King, Bernard Klein, Martin Klingenberg, Siegmar Klose, Helmut R. Klotzsch, Leiv Klungsøyr, Joachim Knappe, Leonard D. Kohn, Friedrich-Wilhelm Koss, Gladys Krakow, Elisabeth Kuhlmann, Ernest Kun, Gerhart Kurz, Jürgen Kusche, Rudolf Lachenicht, Walther Lamprecht, Gunter Lang, Ulrich Langenbeck, Erwin Latzko, Gerhard Laudahn, Franz Leuthardt, Jacob B. Levine, Alfred Linker, Georg Löffler, Georg Wilhelm Löhr, Karin Löschenkohl, Wilfried Lorenz, Oliver H. Lowry, A. Leonard Luhby, Patricia Lund, Frank Lundquist, Feodor Lynen, Hermann Mattenheimer, Heinrich Matthaei, Claus Maurer, Dieter Mayer, Dieter Mecke, Jane Mellanby, Gerhard Michal, Hans Möllering, Gotthilf Näher, Charles W. Nagel, Robert G. Narins, Erwin Negelein, Heinrich G. Netheler, Eric A. Newsholme, Franz Noll, Hans-Dieter Ohlenbusch, Roger Osteux, Peter Otto, Antonius P.M. van Oudheusden, Paul M. Packmann, Janet V. Passonneau, David J. Pearson, Gerhard Pfleiderer, Wolfgang Pilz, Brunhilde Poppendiek, Jack Preiss, Johann Pütter, Jesse C. Rabinowitz, Efraim Racker, Elli Rauscher, Wirnt Rick, Erwin Rimbach, Peter Röschlau, Carmen Louis Rosano, Jean-François Rouayrenc, Bengt Samuelsson, George E. Schaiberger, Peter Scheibe, William Scher, Helmut Schievelbein, Hans-Günter Schlegel, Ella Schmid, Ellen Schmidt, Felix H. Schmidt, Friedrich W. Schmidt, Helmuth Schmidt, Wilhelm Schoner, Josef Schormüller, Gerhard Schreiber, Christian Schütt, Demoy W. Schulz, Morton K. Schwartz, Gertraud Schweitzer, Werner Seubert, Günther Siebert, Abraham L. Siegel, Wolfgang Staib, Dankwart Stamm, Hans-Peter Stegbauer, Philipp Stein, Harald Stork, Harold V. Street, Bernard L. Strehler, Heinrich Südhof, Szasz Gabor, Shigehiko Taniguchi, Ivar Trautschold, Philip K. Tubbs, Johannes Ullrich, P. Roy Vagelos, Carl-Henrie de Verdier, Peter Vögele, Klaus-Dieter Voigt, August Wilhelm Wahlefeld, Kurt Wallenfels, Hans Dierck Waller, Hans Elmar Walter, Klaus Walter, Otto Warburg, Arthur Weissbach, Herwig Weisser, Eugen Werle, H. Whitney Wharton, Hans-Joachim Wieker, Otto Wieland, Roger Jozef Wieme, J. Henry Wilkinson, Dermot H. Williamson, John R. Williamson, Wolfgang Wilmanns, Irene Witt, Hans-Peter Wolf, Peter Wunderwald, Hans Georg Zachau, Bennie Zak, Gottfried Zankl, Joachim Ziegenhorn, and Nepomuk Zöllner

Published
1974
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