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Introduction: Community based total sanitation is a strategy for involving the community in sanitation programs that are carried out to change sustainable hygienic and sanitary behavior. The coastal area of ​​Konawe Kepulauan Regency ranks the 2nd lowest in the implementation of Community based total sanitation. The purpose of this study was to determine the cause of the low community based total sanitation pillar 1 (Stop Open Defecation) and Pillar 4 (Management of Household Waste) in the Coastal Area of ​​Konawe Islands Regency. Methods: This type of research uses qualitative research, a phenomenological approach. Informants consist of key informants as many as 5 peoples, regular informants 7 peoples and people residing in the area of ​​Langara and Lansilowo Health Center. Snowball sampling technique and data analysis using data reduction, data display and data conclusion techniques. Results: The results showed that there are still many people who have not implemented stop defecation due to lack of knowledge, housing conditions in coastal areas, lack of latrines, habituation, and the economy. The community does not dispose of waste in its place due to several factors, namely the absence of a temporary disposal site and final disposal site. Conclusion: The phenomenon that causes people not to apply community based total sanitation in the Coastal Area of Konawe Islands Regency is due to a lack of community knowledge, economic factors, lack of facilities or infrastructure and also a habitual factor so that they have not implemented Community based total sanitation on the coast of Konawe Islands Regency.

Introduction: In Indonesia, the number of cases of disease events continues to increase every year, there is no increase in PT. Virtue Dragon Nickel Industry that is one of the largest industries in Southeast Sulawesi Province where the number of cases of occupational diseases also continues to increase. Methods: Research using a cross-sectional research design. The research location is at PT. Virtue Dragon Nickel Industry Mega industrial area of ​​Konawe district. The sample in this study was 100 employees who worked especially in the smelter unit. To find out the relationship between the dependent variable and the independent variable, it was carried out using the Chi-Square test with a significant level (α= 0.05). Results: This study shows that There is a significant relationship between working hours and the incidence of occupational diseases in employees of PT. Virtue Dragon Nickel Industry p-value = 0.000. There is a relationship between noise and the incidence of occupational diseases in employees of PT. Virtue Dragon Nickel Industry p-value=0.000. Conclusion: working hours, and noice have a relationship with the incidence of occupational diseases at PT. The Dragon of Virtue Nickel Industry.

Backgrounds: Clean and Healthy Living Behavior in household arrangements, especially in the Konawe district in 2021, amounted to 1,721 households that applied only 36.39% of the 4,729 RTs surveyed. And in 2021 it will increase by 25,721 households that apply by 44.26% from 48,337 RTs surveyed. The results of initial observations made to the community, from 33 Morosi village residents who were interviewed all did not understand what clean and healthy living behavior was. Based on this, researchers are interested in conducting research on the Effect of Counseling on Community Attitudes and Actions About Clean and Healthy Life Behavior in Households in the Industrial Estate of Morosi Village, Morosi District, Konawe Regency. Methods: This study uses pre-experimental research methods. The research design used was One-Group Pretest-Posttest. In this research design, group extension methods were used. The research implementation time will be carried out for approximately 30 days starting from April to June 2022. Thus, the total sample for this study is 161 respondents. Results: It is known that the average increase for the attitude variable is 11.83851 with a t-count value greater than t-table (7,315 > 1.61831) and the Action variable with an average increase of 26,27329 and it is known that the t-count for the action variable is greater than t-table (15,611> 1.68299). Conclusion: There is an effect of counseling on increasing community attitudes and actions or practices regarding Clean and Healthy Life Behavior in households in the Morosi Village Industrial area.

Backgrounds: The impact of industrial areas, namely pollution and environmental damage, is also quite felt by the community, especially around activities not including dust, noise, and pollution due to chemical substances. Methods: This type of research is quantitative using a comparative approach. The population in this study amounted to 1,370 and sample of 301 respondents. Sampling method using Cluster Random Sampling. Results: It is known from the results of the Chi-Square test that there is a moderate relationship between environment and Clean and Healthy Life Behavior with the incidence of ARI and the results of the analysis of the Paired Sample T-Test test, a significant difference was found where the value of Sig. (2-tailed) 0.000 is less than 0.05. or there is a difference in the incidence of ARI between high-risk areas (Morosi Village and Porara Village) and low-risk areas (Mendikonu Village and Wonua Morini Village). Conclusion: It was concluded that there was a relationship between environments and Clean and Healthy Life Behavior towards the incidence of ARI and there was a difference in the incidence of ARI between high-risk areas (Morosi Village and Porara Village) and low risk areas (Mendikonu Village and Wonua Morini Village).

di Kabupaten Konawe pada tahun 2019 urutan tertinggi kasus penyakit Infeksi Saluran Pernafasan (ISPA) yaitu mencapai 75,93%, data kunjungan di Puskesmas Morosi tahun 2020 dengan total 6392 kunjungan dilihat dari data 10 penyakit terbesar yaitu ISPA 672, (Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Konawe, 2020; Puskesmas Morosi, 2020). ISPA adalah infeksi akut yang menyerang saluran pernapasan yaitu organ tubuh yang dimulai dari hidung ke alveoli beserta adneksa. Oleh sebab itu, diperlukan upaya mempertahankan keutuhan ekosistem hutan dan Adapun solusi yang dapat ditawarkan dalam kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah Meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakatDesa Tanggobu Kecamatan Morosi melalui Penyuluhan Kesehatan terkait kawasan hijau yang dilakukan oleh Tim Pengabdian Masyarakat, dimana sebelum dilakukan kegiatan penyuluhan Kesehatan tim Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat akan memberikan Pretest kepada Subyek Kegiatan/mitra terkait kawasan hijau dan pada tahap akhir pelaksanaan webinar tim pengabdian kepada masyarakatakan kembali melakukan post test untuk melihat tingkat pemahaman mitra terkait kawasan hijau. Melakukan penanaman pohon di Desa Tanggobu Kecamata Morosiserta Melakukan pembentukan kader hijau di DesaTanggobu Kecamata Morosi. Lingkungan perumahan serta melakukan kegiatan penanaman pohon. Rendahnya pengetahuan dan partisipasi masyarakat.dalam pengelolaan lingkungan hidup. Selain itu mindset atau pola piker masyarakat masih normative yaitu permasalahan terkait lingkungan nantinya akan ditangani oleh dinas terkait sehingga rasa tanggungjawab terhadap lingkungan sendirija diterabaikan . Kata kunci: Kader Hijau, Penyuluhan Kesehatan, Penanaman Pohon

Introduction: Mining activities carried out by PT. X is very detrimental to the environment of residents in Village X. Due to the activities of the nickel mining company, people's rice fields in several villages in Tinanggea District, especially Village X are polluted with mud so that rice growth is hampered and often fails harvest. Method: This type of research is descriptive and quantitative. Samples data was 30 people in X Village Tinanggea District. The data that has been collected in the study were analyzed descriptively. Result: The results of this study are community knowledge that mining activities are a response to community responses, namely (93.3%), community knowledge that activities that arise from these responses are informants (93.3%) and Nickel mining in Village X does not cause health problems with a response in the form of (56.7%). Conclusion: Nickel mining activities have positive impacts, such as: increasing ROI from the mining sector, creating job opportunities, and opening up areas from isolation. Nickel mining activities have a negative impact. Such as the occurrence of environmental damage, like river water becoming blurry and colored and dirty,air pollution, and changes in community behavior.

Introduction: Based on the data from Southeast Sulawesi Provincial Health Office in 2017-2020, the prevalence of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever has increased from year to year. The prevalence of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) cases for Southeast Sulawesi Province in 2017 was 32,4 per 100.000 population, increased to 38,4 per 100.000 population in 2018, increased to 63,5 per 100.000 population in 2019, and increased to 70,5 per 100.000 population in 2020. This research aimed to analyze the effectiveness of consuming Phoenix dectylifera l. to increase platelets in DHF patients. Methods: This research employed a retrospective cohort study. This research has been carried out for 30 days. The population was 176 people. The research sample consisted of 74recovered DHF patients. Meanwhile, home visits were conducted to observe the consumption of Phoenix dectylifera l. The sampling technique was simple random sampling. The data was processed using the Data Normality Test (Kolmogorov Smirnov Test) and Anova Test. Results: The results of this research showed that the value 0,000 of consuming Phoenix dectylifera l.to increase platelets in Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) patients with 6 (six) days of treatment. Conclusion: There is an effect between consuming and not consuming Phoenix dectylifera l. to increase platelets in Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) patients.

Introduction: The results of interviews with several midwives explained that preeclampsia patients were reported to be due to comorbidities, low hemoglobin, income, low education, and unhealthy lifestyles, obesity, age over 35 years with parity of one or parity of 4 or more children. . Therefore, the authors are interested in conducting research on risk factors with the incidence of preeclampsia. Methods: Quantitative Research by designcase control studies. The population of all patients with preeclampsia was 174 cases with a sample of 120 respondents at the South Konawe District Health Center. The sampling technique used is simple random sampling. Result: The results of Chi Square analysis 56.26 > X2 Table 3.841 which means that there is a significant relationship between the infection variable and the incidence of preeclampsia. Conclusion: Infection risk factors for the incidence of preeclampsia in pregnant women with preeclampsia have a nine-fold risk.

Introduction: According to the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, 24 processing and refining facilities are operating in Indonesia as of the end of 2017, consisting of 15 nickel smelters, 4 iron smelters, and 2 bauxite smelters, 2 manganese smelters, and 1 copper smelter. One of the nickel smelters that have been operating to date is PT. Dragon Virtue Industry located in Morosi Village, Kec. Morosi, Kab. Konawe. Method: This type of research is quantitative research with explanatory survey method, research that explains causality and hypothesis testing. located near 71 employees who visit and seek treatment at the health centers, a sample is taken from the formula so that a sample of 60 people is obtained. Result: From the results of the study, it is known that there is a relationship between Worker Age, Length of Work, Length of Work, and Use of Personal Protective Equipment with work-related events or diseases, where workers over 40 years of age can experience work-related illnesses. Conclusion: it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between all variables and it is hoped that workers will have more self-protection by adjusting their abilities and age in doing work and for companies or industries they are expected to put more pressure on occupational health and safety officers to be more optimal in supervising workers in the company.

Introduction:The mining process that has been carried out for a long time in large quantities often ignores environmental sustainability which in the end can result in various negative impacts that are felt in the short and long term. The purpose of the study was to determine the level of air pollution by Nickel dust and to analyze the relationship between exposure to Nickel dust and ARI disease in people living around the Nickel mining industry in Pomalaa District. Method:This study uses a cross-sectional design using a non-interventional type of research conducted in residential areas around the mining area of ​​PT Aneka Tambang Tbk, Kolaka Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province as a mining designation area, namely in Pomalaa District. Result: The results showed that the average outdoor air quality for the S02 parameter in the designated area was higher than in the non-designated area, as well as for the N02 parameter, for the H2S parameter in both areas the average value was the same, but for the PM10 value in the designated area is higher than in the non-designated area, while the temperature, humidity, and wind speed in the two areas are almost the same. Conclusion: This is in line with the results of research conducted by Qomariyatus S (in 2007) conducted around the coal mine of PT Aneka Tambang,Southeast Sulawesi showed that the level of respirable dust in the field slightly exceeded the normal threshold value of 2.19 mg/m3.

Introduction:Service utilization is the use of service facilities provided either in the form of outpatient care, inpatient care, home visits by health workers or other forms of utilization of these services based on the availability and continuity of services, public acceptance and fairness, easily accessible by the community, affordable, and quality. Methods:This research is quantitative research with a cross-sectional study design. The population in this study amounted to 352 respondents. The sample size is 187 respondents. Results: The average significance of respondents to four variables, the variable of health service availability is 0.000, the variable of access to health services is 0.002, the variable is cost affordability, the value is 0.000, the variable of Service Acceptance is 0.000. Of the four variables have a relationship with the utilization of outpatient health services. Conclusion: The average the four variables with the level of trust that exists based on the significance number has factors related to the utilization of health services which are quite closely related to the condition and situation of hospital services when patients make visits.

Background: The achievement of Covid-19 vaccination in Southeast Sulawesi Province until June 15, 2021 is 15.5%, while the City of Kendari has achieved Covid-19 vaccination reached 22%. The lack of information and public perception about the Covid-19 vaccine has led to low public acceptance of the Covid-19 vaccine. Therefore, this study aims to increase the community 's positive perception of the Covid-19 vaccination in Kendari City through the most effective health promotion media. Methods: This quantative study uses a quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest nonequivalent control group design. The population is 345,107 people, 396 respondents are sampled. This study uses a sampling technique by random cluster sampling. The hypothesis test used is the Wilcoxon signed ranks test and the Kruskal Wallis H test. Result: The results of the Wilcoxon test show that there is a significant difference between perceptions before and after health promotion using booklet media (Asymp. Sig. = 0.000); There is a significant difference between perceptions before and after health promotion using video media (Asymp. Sig. = 0.000); There is a significant difference between perceptions before and after health promotion through the development WhatsApp messages (Asymp. Sig. = 0.000). Based on the Kruskal Wallis H test, the mean rank of health promotion using booklets is the highest (217.59). There was no significant difference between the three media (Asymp. sig 0.156 > 0.05). Conclusion: The booklet is the most effective media in health promotion to increase the positive perception of the community towards the covid-19 vaccination in the city of Kendari, but there is no significant difference between the three promotional media used.

Background: Management of medical B3 waste during the COVID-19 pandemic is still very limited.At the Kendari City Regional General Hospital. B3 waste generation has increased from 24.324 kg in 2019 to 32.123 kg in 2020. In April 2021, the amount of B3 waste generation has reached 11,402 kg.There were several factors that affect the management of B3 waste. This study aims to determine the factors related to the management of hazardous and toxic waste (B3) at the Covid-19 Referral Hospital in Kendari City. Methods: This research used a cross sectional study design, conducted from August to September 2021. The samples in this study were 79 respondents taken by purposive sampling. Results: The statistical test suggests the value of X2count is 19,417 > X2 table is 3,841 and the value of the closeness relationship is Ф= 0,496. Conclusion: There is a moderate relationship between monitoring of management of hazardous and toxic waste (B3) at the Kendari City Covid-19 Referral Hospital.

Total Community Sanitation, from now on referred to as STBM, is a clean and healthy lifestyle that is used as a reference in implementing STBM. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the management of the achievement of the Community-Based Total Sanitation program at the Konawe District Health Center. This type of research is quantitative, using a cross-sectional design, collecting, analyzing, and describing information and data systematically, simultaneously increasing understanding of certain phenomena. The results of the variable analysis obtained the value of the Chi-Square test for knowledge management with a value of X Count 18.72 > from 3.84 or X table with a p-value of 0.529, which means it has a strong relationship. This study concludes that there is a significant relationship between the independent and dependent variables. To increase access to sanitation needs, it is recommended that the puskesmas coordinate with the local government in providing access to sanitation.

Introduction: Mining activities also cause traffic disturbances due to the back and forth of operational vehicles and transporters going and out of the special terminal area,causing a decrease in air quality and noise which can increase the prevalence of Ari based on data from molawe health center with a population 0f 5291,30 ARI patient, cases in 2019 and there were 37 cases in 2020 and 42 casess in 2021 this can 2021.this affect the health status of the community in the mining envirotment of the molawe sub-district Methods: The method used in this study is descriptive research method. The descriptive method was chosen because the study carried out aims to describe the data naturally. The data used are secondary data and documents from the Health Office of Southeast Sulawesi Province, Limbo Health Center, Molawe District, 2019 - 20121. North Konawe Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province. Results: It was concluded that there was a relationship between age and gender with the incidence of ARI in infants Smoking Habits From 42 respondents, the results showed that most of the respondents were exposed to cigarette smoke, namely 34 respondents or 81.0% and the remaining only 8 respondents (19%) who had no exposure to cigarette smoke. Based on these data, it can be concluded that most children under five are exposed to cigarette smoke. Conclusion: The factors that influence the increasing prevalence of ARI are redidental density,smoking/behavior and mining activities that are very at risk for suffering from ARI disease

Introduction: The initial survey conducted at the Konawe District Health Office shows that the distribution of Public Health Bachelors has not been evenly distributed until now, where there are still health centers in Konawe District which lack public health personnel. In addition, the management of the duties of the Bachelor of Public Health at the Health center is sometimes not in accordance with the main task. So that researchers intend to conduct research on "Analysis of the Needs of Undergraduate Public Health Workers and Constraints on Policy Aspects at the Konawe District Health Office" Methods: This study uses two types of research, namely descriptive quantitative and qualitative to analyze the constraints in the distribution bachelor of public health personnel. The sample was sourced from 137 bachelor of public health personnel from the Head of Public Health Center while the Head of Administration and Ordinary Informants were informants in this study spread from 29 Public health center. Result: The need for public health workers in accordance with the Minister of Health Regulation No. 75 of 2014 at least 2 people per Health center and aspects of policies that have not been running optimally are obstacles in the distribution bachelor of public health personnel. Conclusion: Local governments should carry out data-based Health Human Resources (HR) planning so that planning documents are able to accurately project the calculation of needs in accordance with the current health situation.

Mencuci tangan adalah salah satu upaya untuk mencegah penyebaran Covid-19 pada Siswa Taman Kanak-Kanak dimasa pembelajaran Tatap Muka sudah dilaksanakan. Pemberian edukan tentang mencucia tangan yang baik kepada Siswa TK dapat dilakukan dengan melakukan Pendidikan kesehatan dengan Metode Buzz Group Discussion.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan dengan metode Buzz Group Discussion terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan Mencuci Tangan padaSiswa di Taman Kanak-Kanak Negeri Idhata Kolaka. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan pra eksperimen dengan desain yang digunakan yaitu One Groub Pre Test – Post Test Design dan diolah menggunakan uji Wilcoxon Signed Rank. Hasil uji statistik diperoleh P-Value 0,000 0,05, sehingga Ha diterima dan Ho ditolak. Artinya ada pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan dengan metode Buzz Group Discussion terhadap tingkat pengetahuan tentang cuci tangan pada siswa di Taman Kanak-Kanak Negeri Idhata Kolaka. Buzz Group dapat meningkatkan konsentrasi para siswa dalam menerima materi serta dapat berdiskusi dan memberikan pengatahuan satu sama lainnya

Nonylphenol (NP) is an endocrine disruptor and environmental contaminant. Yet, data on individual body burdens and potential health risks in humans, especially among children, are scarce. We analyzed two specific urinary NP metabolites, hydroxy-NP (OH-NP) and oxo-NP. In contrast to parent NP, OH-NP has a much higher urinary excretion fraction (

Background:For Kendari City, the NO2 concentration in the air measured on Jl.Abdullah Silondae street still below the quality standard. However, the NO2 concentration has increased and decreased based on the results of air monitoring from the Environment and Forestry Service regarding the Air Quality Index which is measured 2 times a year with NO2 parameters in 2017, the first measurement is the value obtained of 1.58 µg / m3 and the second measurement. amounting to 1.57 µg / m3. In 2018 the NO2 value in the first measurement was 4.2 µg / m3 and the second measurement was 5.23 µg / m3. Whereas in 2019 the NO2 value in the first measurement was 5.8 µg / m3 and in the second measurement was 3.8 µg / m3. Methods:This type of research is descriptive quantitative (Field Research and Laboratory Research). The population is the total number of public transportation and the number of drivers for the Baru-Kota Rayon 02 route, amounting to 154 public transportation units and 154 public transport drivers with the male gender. The samples are some of the public transport drivers for the New Kampus-Kota rayon 02 route. Results:Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) measurements were obtained96.85 µg / Nm3, 108.79 µg / Nm3 and 100.83 µg / Nm3 for 3 different locations. The highest respiratory complaints were cough symptoms for 47 people and the lowest was shortness of breath as many as 8 people. Conclusion:Risk management is carried out by reducing exposure time, planting trees that can absorb air pollution, maintaining endurance, limiting the age of motor vehicles and using environmentally friendly fuels.

Background:Every year, the social insurance administration organisation (BPJS Kesehatan) always experiences a very large deficit. The high number of deficits experienced by the social insurance administration organisation (BPJS Kesehatan) is due to the low level of compliance of contribution payments by independent participants. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between income levels, patient perceptions of health services and activeness of cadres with compliance with payment of dues to participants in the Independent National Health Insurance, Kolaka District. Methods:This type of research is a quantitative study with a cross sectional study approach. The population in this study were all 1075 independent National Health Insurance participants. The sample size was 89 respondents who were taken by proportional random sampling. The data were obtained using a questionnaire and then analyzed descriptively and inferentially using the Chi Square test. Result:The results showed that there was a relationship between income levels, patient perceptions of health services and the activeness of cadres with compliance with the payment of dues for participants in the independent national health insurance in Kolaka District, where the p-value

Introduction: The mining industry not only has a positive impact on the regional economy but also has an impact on decreasing air quality, which triggers an increase in the incidence of acute respiratory infections (ARI). This study aims to examine the development of ARI cases in the mining environment of PT Antam, Kumoro Village, Pomalaa District in 2019-2021. Methods: The research design used is descriptive research with a time series approach. The population and research sample are secondary data on ARI cases in Kumoro Village, Pomalaa District in 2019-2021. Results: The number of ARI cases in 2019 was 179 cases, in 2020 there were 43 cases, and in 2021 there were 70 cases. Conclusion: During 2019-2021, cases of ARI in Kumoro Village, Pomalaa District fluctuated caused of the impact of mining activities

Background: Indonesia has the highest prevalence of Non-Communicable Disease (NCD)in 2013. NCD which is always listed in the top 10 diseases in Southeast Sulawesi is hypertension and diabetes mellitus. NCD Integrated Post is an effort to detect and overcome the early presence of NCD threat factors. However, there has been a decrease in the prevalence of integrated post visits from 2017 to 2018 at the Barangka Public Health Centre. The purpose of this study was to analyze the utilization of NCD Integrated Post in the work area of ??Barangka Health Centre in Buton Regency. Methods: This type of research uses a cross-sectional study design. This study was conducted from November to December 2019. The population in this study were all people in the work area of ??Barangka Health Centre, Buton Regency in 2018 with ages> 15 to 59 years, namely 3,584 people. The number of the samples was 134 respondents. A questionnaire was used as the method of data collection. Results: The results showed that the chi square of cadre support X2 count =36,460> X2 table value = 3,841 and health status is X2 count = 32,308> table X2 value = 3,841. Therefore, all variables are influencing the utilization of NCD Integrated Post. Conclusion: Health status and cadre influenced significantly the community in utilizing NCD Integrated Post at the Barangka Health Centre in Buton Regency.

Objective To analyze the cement emission stacks dispersion using AERMOD and lung capacity of the surrounding society. Method The type of this research is spatial data analysis by using a cross-sectional study. The populations in this research are the eligible society that resides in radius Result Body mass index (Sig: 0.011), passive smokers (Sig: 0.003), ambient air (Sig: 0.000) and model of Stacks Dispersion emission in the morning and night using AERMOD indicates that parameter PM2,5, dust, NO2, SO2, and CO indicates that relationship phase toward society lung capacity. Analysis of bifilar logistic regression obtaining two variables that most determines toward respondent's lung are variable ambient air quality (p = 0.000 and OR = 5.565), passive smokers (p = 0.013 and OR = 2.028). Conclusion Stacks emission's dispersion possesses the air in the circle until the radius 3 km. The ambient air and the passive smokers give the most significant effect on society's lung capacity condition which resides in the cement industry circle.

Background: Dug wells provide water from soil layer that is close to the surface of the soil, therefore it is susceptible to contamination through seepage from human waste, animals, and for domestic household use. This study aimed to determine the relationships between septic tank construction, dug well distance, and number of E. coli in Rahandauna Village, Ken­dari, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Subjects and Method: A cross-sectional stu­dy was carried out at Rahandouna Village, Poa­sia Sub-District, Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia, in July 2019. The sample for this study was 70 units of dug well. The dependent variable was E. coli. The independent variables were septic tank construction and distance of dug well. Acceptable levels of E. coli are mea­sured in Most Probable Number (MPN)/100 ml. The distance of the septic tank to the dug well was measured in meter. The data were analyzed by Chi square. Results: Good septic tank construction (OR= 0.06; 95% CI= 0.01 to 0.31; p= 0.001) and the distance of the septic tank to the dug well ≥10 m (OR= 0.02; 95% CI= 0.01 to 0.06; p

Phthalates are widely used in consumer products and are well-known for adverse endocrine outcomes. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), one of the most extensively used phthalates, has been rapidly substituted with alternative plasticizers in many consumer products. The aim of this study was to assess urinary phthalate and alternative plasticizer exposure and associated risks in children of three Asian countries with different geographical, climate, and cultural characteristics. Children were recruited from elementary schools of Saudi Arabia (n = 109), Thailand (n = 104), and Indonesia (n = 89) in 2017-2018, and their urine samples were collected. Metabolites of major phthalates and alternative plasticizers were measured in the urine samples by HPLC-MS/MS. Urinary metabolite levels differed substantially between the three countries. Metabolite levels of diisononyl phthalate (DiNP), diisodecyl phthalate (DiDP), di(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate (DEHTP), and 1,2-cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid diisononyl ester (DINCH) were the highest in Saudi children: Median urinary concentrations of oxo-MiNP, OH-MiDP, 5cx-MEPTP, and OH-MINCH were 8.3, 8.4, 128.0, and 2.9 ng/mL, respectively. Urinary DEHP metabolite concentrations were the highest in the Indonesian children. The hazard index (HI) derived for the plasticizers with antiandrogenicity based reference doses (RfDAA) was >1 in 86%, 80%, and 49% of the Saudi, Indonesian, and Thai children, respectively. DEHP was identified as a common major risk driver for the children of all three countries, followed by DnBP and DiBP depending on the country. Among alternative plasticizers, urinary DEHTP metabolites were detected at levels comparable to those of DEHP metabolites or higher among the Saudi children, and about 4% of the Saudi children exceeded the health based human biomonitoring (HBM)-I value. Priority plasticizers that were identified among the children of three countries warrant refined exposure assessment for source identification and relevant exposure reduction measures.

Latar Belakang: Makanan dapat menjadi perantara dalam penularan penyakit. Untuk menghindari terjadinya penularan penyakit melalui makanan, maka kebersihan dari makanan dan penjamah makanan harus di perhatikan.Tujuan : untuk mengetahui efek sosialisasi terhadap sanitasi lingkungan jasaboga golongan A1, A2 danA3 di Kota KendariMetode : Jenis penelitian adalah cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh rumah makanyang ada di Kota Kendari dengan jumlah 301 rumah makan. Jumlah sampel pada masing-masing jasabogaA1, A2 dan A3 adalah 35, 106 dan 28 rumah makan. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan simplerandom sampling. Analisis penelitian menggunakan uji Kruskall Wallis dan analisis Post-Hoc Mann-WhitneyHasil : Hasil analisis dengan menggunakan uji Kruskal-Wallis diperoleh nilai p=0,0050,05. Pada jasabogagolongan A1 dan A3 diperoleh nilai p=0,001

Background : The campaign of a clean and healthy living behavior (PHBS) in Indonesia continues to be conducted to improve the public health. During five years of monitoring (2012-2015) the highest PHBS rate in Southeast Sulawesi reached only 49.75% in 2013. While PHBS data in Labunia Village of Muna Regency reached only 7.71% in 2015. Objective : This study aims to determine the factors associated with the clean and healthy living behavior (PHBS) of family in the Village of Labunia, regency of Muna, Southeast Sulawesi province of Indonesia. Methods : This was observational analytics with cross-sectional design study. The populations of the study were all household heads who lived in Labunia Village which were 293 households and 75 samples were selected using simple random sampling. Data were analyzed using chi-square test. Result : Of the total of respondents, 36% of family implemented PHBS and 64% of them did not implement PHBS. There were 16% of respondents had good knowledge, 48% of good attitude, and 45.3% of good actions in PHBS. Chi square test results obtained a significant correlation between knowledge, attitude and action in PHBS with p = 0.00 (

Backgrounds: A cement industry is one of anthropogenic sources of air pollution. In polluting the air, the industry creates some dust particles, nitrogen oxide (NO 2 ), sulfur oxide (SO 2 ), and carbon monoxide (CO). Research Purpose: The research aims at finding out the ambient air quality around a cement industry and relating it with the lung capacity of people living around the area. Methodology: This research uses cross sectional studies by measuring the ambient air quality in the morning, noon, and evening in four different settlements within 3 km from the cement industry. The measurement is then correlated with the FEV1 and FVC of lung capacity of people living around the area. Result: Of all four locations, three have ambient air quality (PM 2.5 = 109.47 µg/Nm 3 , TSP = 454.7 µg/Nm 3) that surpass the quality standard (PM 2.5 = 65 µg/Nm 3 , TSP = 230 µg/Nm 3 ). Of 241 respondents, the average level of FVC and FEV1 is respectively 1.9352 liter (SD: 0.45578) and 1.7486 liter (SD: 0.43874). Furthermore, the level of PM 2.5 in the morning and at noon is respectively p=0.009 and p=0.003; the level of TSP in the morning and at noon is respectively p=0.003 and p=0.01; the level of NO 2 in the morning is p=0.006; the level of SO 2 in the morning, at noon and in the evening is respectively p=0.000, p=0.022, and p=0.000; and the level of CO in the morning, at noon and in the evening is respectively p=0.003, p=0.015, and p=0.024. Those levels are associated with the level of respondents’ FEV1. Moreover, the level of TSP in the morning is p=0.024; the level of SO 2 in the morning and in the evening is p=0.007. These levels relate to the level of respondents’ FVC. Keywords: FVC, FEV1, CO, NO 2 , SO 2 , TSP, PM 2.5 , cement industry.

Background: The cement industry is one of the main contributors of pollutant gasses in the environment through stack emissions. Aim: This study aims to model the dispersion of SO 2 and NO 2 gasses and to determine the area of the dispersion by American Meteorological Society – Environmental Protection Agency Regulation Model or AERMOD has been utilized by PT. Semen Tonasa (Tonasa Cement, Ltd.). Methods: Meteorological data from AERMENT was collected from reanalysis of MM5 data. While topographical data was extracted from SRTM30 satellite data. The model was carried out for a year, to cover both the dry and rainy season. Results: The result of the modeling showed that the peak value of the concentration of SO 2 and NO 2 pollutants for one hour are 135 μg/m 3 and 160 μg/m 3 respectively (quality standards of SO 2 and NO 2 are 900 μg/Nm 3 and 400 μg/Nm 3 ). The area of dispersion tends to be in the eastern area, such as District Minasatene (Sub-district Bontoa, Kalabbirang, Minasatene dan Biraeng), District Bungoro (Sub-district Biringere, Sapanang, Mangilu, Bulu Tellue) and District Labakkang (Sub-district Taraweang). Key words : Spatial analysis, AERMOD, AERMOD, cement factory, exposed area, SO 2 and NO 2

Background: The emission from the stacks of a cement industry produces some particles that harm the quality of the air, such as total suspended particulate (TSP). Cement dust causes lung function impairment, chronic obstructive lung disease, restrictive lung disease, pneumoconiosis and carcinoma of the lungs, stomach and colon. Methods: The research methods used American Meteorological Society – Environmental Protection Agency Regulation Model or AERMOD as spatial analysis tools to show the TSP dispersion. AERMOD requires meteorological and topographical data. The meteorological data processed by AERMEDT is taken from the reanalysis of MM5 data while the topographical data is extracted from SRTM30 satellite data. The model is carried out for a year, to cover both dry and rainy seasons. Results: The result shows that the TSP peak concentration in one hour is 314μg/m 3 (in which the quality standard of TSP is 90μg/Nm 3 ). The area of dispersion tends to head east of the stacks, including District Minasatene (Sub-district Bontoa, Kalabbirang, and Minasatene), District Bungoro (Sub-district Biringere, Sapanang, Mangilu, Bulu Tellue and Tabo-tabo) and District Labakkang (Sub-district Taraweang), Indonesia. Conclusions: AERMOD model can show potential exposure area from cement industry. It needs serious efforts to prevent and minimize the impact to public health.

Sumur gali merupakan tempat yang menyediakan air yang berasal dari lapisan tanah yang relatife dekat dengan permukaan tanah, oleh karena itu mudah terkena kontaminasi melalui rembesan yang berasal dari kotoran manusia, hewan, maupun untuk keperluan domestik rumah tangga.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan konstruksi septik tank dengan kandungan Escherichia Coli pada air sumur gali di Kelurahan Rahandauna, Indonesia. Metode penelitian yang akan digunakan Kuantitatif observasional dengan desain Crossectional Study, dengan jumlah sampel yaitu 35 unit sumur gali dan pengambilan sampel dilaksanakan pada bulan juli 2019. Parameter yang diukur adalah kandungan Escherichia Coli dalam MPN/100 ml. Kualitas air di bandingan dengan baku mutu yang ditetapkan oleh Permenkes No 416 tahun 1990 untuk air bersih, lalu dihubungkan kualitas air sumur gali dengan konstruksi tangki septik dan jarak.Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa seluruh sumur gali terdapat kandungan Escherichia Coli yang melebihi baku mutu 0/100 MPN/ml. Berdasarkan hasil uji statistik, didapatkan hubungan antara kontruksi dan jarak terhadap kualitas Escherichia Coli terhadap air sumur gali (p