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14. Comparative neuropathology in aging primates: A perspective

Author

Freire‐Cobo, Carmen, primary, Edler, Melissa K., additional, Varghese, Merina, additional, Munger, Emily, additional, Laffey, Jessie, additional, Raia, Sophia, additional, In, Selena S., additional, Wicinski, Bridget, additional, Medalla, Maria, additional, Perez, Sylvia E., additional, Mufson, Elliott J., additional, Erwin, Joseph M., additional, Guevara, Elaine E., additional, Sherwood, Chet C., additional, Luebke, Jennifer I., additional, Lacreuse, Agnès, additional, Raghanti, Mary A., additional, and Hof, Patrick R., additional

Published
2021
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18. Tables S1-S5 and Figures S1-S2 from Neuron loss associated with age but not Alzheimer's disease pathology in the chimpanzee brain

Author

Edler, Melissa K., Munger, Emily L., Meindl, Richard S., Hopkins, William D., Ely, John J., Erwin, Joseph M., Mufson, Elliott J., Hof, Patrick R., Sherwood, Chet C., and Raghanti, Mary Ann

Subjects
nervous system
Abstract

Study subject and health information, average neuron and glia densities by region, breakdown of glial subtypes, correlations of age and cell densities by region

Published
2020
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20. Age-related changes in fasting plasma cortisol in rhesus monkeys: implications of individual differences for pathological consequences

Author

Erwin, Joseph M., Tigno, Xenia T., Gerzanich, Georgielle, and Hansen, Barbara C.

Subjects
Neurons -- Research, Hydrocortisone -- Risk factors, Health, Seniors
Abstract

Elevated cortisol may damage receptor neurons involved in responses to stress, leading to progressive metabolic dysregulation and age-related increases in cortisol; however, documentation of rising cortisol with age in humans has been inconsistent. Here we report fasting cortisol values from rhesus monkeys maintained for obesity, diabetes, and aging research. A modest correlation (r = .20) between age and cortisol was found for 138 rhesus monkeys (aged 4-40 years) and (r = .16) for 30 males for whom at least 10 years of longitudinal data were available. Subgroups of ad libitum-fed and weight-stabilized animals also exhibited significant positive relationships between age and cortisol (r = .14-.37). Individual regression analyses revealed both significant increases (r = .29-.85) and decreases (r = -.47 to -.66) in cortisol relative to age. Unexpectedly, significant age-related increases occurred in 77% of healthy primates, but only 33% of diabetic primates, while significant declines occurred only in diabetics.

Published
2004

26. The developing aftermath of the UBS affair: a new tax order.

Author

Erwin, Joseph M.

Subjects
Tax evasion -- Investigations, Tax treaties -- Usage, Disclosure (Taxation) -- Political aspects, Tax havens -- Laws, regulations and rules, UBS AG -- Investigations, Company legal issue, Government regulation
Published
2010

32. Contributors

Author

Abel, Ty W., primary, Aisen, Paul S., additional, Alexander, Gene E., additional, Allman, John M., additional, Anderson, Nicole D., additional, Armstrong, David M., additional, Avis, Nancy E., additional, Baxter, Mark G., additional, Beal, M. Flint, additional, Bouras, Constantin, additional, Browne, Susan E., additional, Buée, Luc, additional, Burkard, Robert, additional, Bussière, Thierry, additional, Cassel, Christine K., additional, Conley, Kevin E., additional, Copinschi, Georges, additional, Cotman, Carl W., additional, Cowen, Tim, additional, Cronin-Golomb, Alice, additional, De Kloet, E. Ron, additional, Delacourte, André, additional, Dhenain, Marc, additional, Dickson, Dennis W., additional, Ding, Dalian, additional, Doty, Richard L., additional, Duan, Huiling, additional, Eddins, Ann Clock, additional, Ek, Kirsten, additional, Erwin, Joseph M., additional, Eshuis, S.A., additional, Frisina, D. Robert, additional, Frisina, Robert D., additional, Furey, Maura L., additional, Gabaldón, A.M., additional, Gannon, Patrick J., additional, Gerhardt, Greg A., additional, Giannakopoulos, Panteleimon, additional, Gilissen, Emmanuel P., additional, Godschalk, Michael, additional, Gold, Gabriel, additional, Grady, Cheryl L., additional, Gruenewald, David A., additional, Guazzelli, Mario, additional, Hansen, Lawrence, additional, Harvey, Philip D., additional, Hays, Nicholas P., additional, Head, Elizabeth, additional, Hebert, Meleik A., additional, Henderson, Donald, additional, Hernandez, M. Rosario, additional, Herrmann, François R., additional, Hof, Patrick R., additional, Horwitz, B.A., additional, Ikonomovic, Milos, additional, Ingram, Donald K., additional, Ison, James R., additional, Joray, Sabine, additional, Joyce, Jeffrey N., additional, Jubrias, Sharon A., additional, Keck, B. Jane, additional, Kolker, Daniel E., additional, Kordower, Jeffrey H., additional, Kövari, Enikö, additional, Kuchel, George A., additional, Kuljis, Rodrigo O., additional, Kuno, Helen, additional, Lakoski, Joan M., additional, LaPolt, Philip S., additional, Leenders, K.L., additional, Leproult, Rachel, additional, Lu, John K.H., additional, Lucassen, Paul J., additional, Magistretti, Pierre J., additional, Marin, Deborah B., additional, Masliah, Eliezer, additional, Matsumoto, Alvin M., additional, Mattson, Mark P., additional, McCoy, Norma L., additional, McDonald, R.B., additional, McFadden, Sandra L., additional, McKeon-O'Malley, Catherine, additional, Michel, Jean-Pierre, additional, Milgram, Norton William, additional, Mishizen, Amanda, additional, Mobbs, Charles V., additional, Mohs, Richard C., additional, Mufson, Elliott J., additional, Mulligan, Thomas, additional, Neufeld, Arthur H., additional, Nimchinsky, Esther A., additional, Pasinetti, Giulio Maria, additional, Pellerin, Luc, additional, Perl, Daniel P., additional, Pietrini, Pietro, additional, Rance, Naomi E., additional, Riggs, Jack E., additional, Roberts, Susan B., additional, Rowe, John W., additional, Salvi, Richard J., additional, Sims, Donald G., additional, Smith, Matthew J., additional, Snell, Karen B., additional, Sonntag, William E., additional, Stanford, John A., additional, Tanzi, Rudolph, additional, Thornton, Phillip L., additional, Tsopelas, Nicholas D., additional, Turek, Fred W., additional, Vallet, Philippe G., additional, Van Cauter, Eve, additional, Vickers, James C., additional, Vogt, Brent A., additional, Vogt, Leslie J., additional, Walton, Joseph P., additional, Willott, James F., additional, and Wise, Phyllis M., additional

Published
2001
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39. A comparison of cell density and serotonergic innervation of the amygdala among four macaque species.

Author

Jones, Danielle N., Erwin, Joseph M., Sherwood, Chet C., Hof, Patrick R., and Raghanti, Mary Ann

Abstract

The genus Macaca is an ideal model for investigating the biological basis of primate social behavior from an evolutionary perspective. A significant amount of behavioral diversity has been reported among the macaque species, but little is known about the neural substrates that support this variation. The present study compared neural cell density and serotonergic innervation of the amygdala among four macaque species using histological and immunohistochemical methods. The species examined included rhesus (Macaca mulatta), Japanese (M. fuscata), pigtailed (M. nemestrina), and moor macaques (M. maura). We anticipated that the more aggressive rhesus and Japanese macaques would have lower serotonergic innervation within the amygdala compared to the more affiliative pigtailed and moor macaques. In contrast to our prediction, pigtailed macaques had higher serotonergic innervation than Japanese and moor macaques in the basal and central amygdala nuclei when controlling for neuron density. Our analysis of neural cell populations revealed that Japanese macaques possess significantly higher neuron and glia densities relative to the other three species, however we observed no glia‐to‐neuron ratio differences among species. The results of this study revealed serotonergic innervation and cell density differences among closely related macaque species, which may play a role in modulating subtle differences in emotional processing and species‐typical social styles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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40. The U.S. Virgin Islands mirror code and S corporations.

Author

Erwin, Joseph M.

Subjects
S corporations -- Taxation, Non-resident aliens -- Taxation, United States Virgin Islands -- Tax policy, Internal Revenue Code (I.R.C. 932), Internal Revenue Code (I.R.C. 1361)
Abstract

The Tax Reform Act of 1986's amendment of IRC section 932 substituting a US Virgin Islands residency requirement for citizenship language is evidence that individuals are not classed by citizenship in the 'mirror' tax code. A nonresident shareholder of the US Virgin Islands who is a US citizen will not disqualify an S corporation under section 1361 as would be the case under prior law. Two IRS revenue rulings and Great Cruz Bay, Inc. v. Wheatley which depended upon prior law's citizenship language are no longer effective.

Published
1997

41. Issues in using a FSC in the export of computer software.

Author

Erwin, Joseph M.

Subjects
Foreign sales corporations -- Laws, regulations and rules, Software -- International trade, Exports -- Taxation, Transfer pricing -- Laws, regulations and rules, Internal Revenue Code (I.R.C. 921-927)
Abstract

The nature of software and the manner in which canned and custom software is produced and sold lead to unique issues in qualifying software as export property for purposes of using a foreign sales corporation. The impact of the pending Microsoft case and the strictures of the Code's definitional requirements are but two of the areas practitioners must be concerned with; others include transfer pricing and income sourcing and allocation.

Published
1997

44. Human-specific increase of dopaminergic innervation in a striatal region associated with speech and language: a comparative analysis of the primate basal ganglia

Author

Raghanti, Mary Ann, Edler, Melissa K., Stephenson, Alexa R., Wilson, Lakaléa J., Hopkins, William D., Ely, John J., Erwin, Joseph M., Jacobs, Bob, Hof, Patrick R., and Sherwood, Chet C.

Subjects
Adult, Male, Primates, Analysis of Variance, Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase, Dopamine, Middle Aged, Article, Corpus Striatum, Young Adult, Species Specificity, Animals, Humans, Speech, Female, Language
Abstract

The dopaminergic innervation of the striatum has been implicated in learning processes and in the development of human speech and language. Several lines of evidence suggest that evolutionary changes in dopaminergic afferents of the striatum may be associated with uniquely human cognitive and behavioral abilities, including the association of the human-specific sequence of the FOXP2 gene with decreased dopamine in the dorsomedial striatum of mice. To examine this possibility, we quantified the density of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive axons as a measure of dopaminergic innervation within five basal ganglia regions in humans, great apes, and New and Old World monkeys. Our results indicate that humans differ from nonhuman primate species in having a significant increase in dopaminergic innervation selectively localized to the medial caudate nucleus. This region of the striatum is highly interconnected, receiving afferents from multiple neocortical regions, and supports behavioral and cognitive flexibility. The medial caudate nucleus also shows hyperactivity in humans lacking a functional FOXP2 allele and exhibits altered dopamine concentrations in humanized Foxp2 mice. Additionally, striatal dopaminergic input was not altered in chimpanzees that used socially learned attention-getting sounds versus those that did not. This evidence indicates that the increase in dopamine innervation of the medial caudate nucleus in humans is a species-typical characteristic not associated with experience-dependent plasticity. The specificity of this increase may be related to the degree of convergence from cortical areas within this region of the striatum and may also be involved in human speech and language. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:2117-2129, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Published
2015

45. Brain structure variation in great apes, with attention to the mountain gorilla (Gorilla Beringei Beringei)

Author

Sherwood, Chet C., Cranfield, Michael R., Mehlman, Patrick T., Lilly, Alecia A., Garbe, Jo Anne L, Whittier, Christopher A, Nutter, Felicia B., Rein, Thomas R., Bruner, Harlan J., Holloway, Ralph L., Tang, Cheuk Y., Naidich, Thomas P., Delman, Bradley N., Steklis, H. Dieter, Erwin, Joseph M., and Hof, Patrick R.

Subjects
Apes -- Physiological aspects, Brain -- Comparative analysis, Gorillas -- Physiological aspects, Anthropology/archeology/folklore, Biological sciences, Health, Psychology and mental health
Abstract

The comparison of the brain structure of mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei) with other great apes is presented. 3 mountain gorilla brains were obtained with a 3T scanner and the volume of neuroanatomical structures were measured and it was found that the brain structure of great apes differ mostly in the sizes of the striatum, cerebellum, and hippocampus.

Published
2004

48. Human‐specific increase of dopaminergic innervation in a striatal region associated with speech and language: A comparative analysis of the primate basal ganglia

Author

Raghanti, Mary Ann, primary, Edler, Melissa K., additional, Stephenson, Alexa R., additional, Wilson, Lakaléa J., additional, Hopkins, William D., additional, Ely, John J., additional, Erwin, Joseph M., additional, Jacobs, Bob, additional, Hof, Patrick R., additional, and Sherwood, Chet C., additional

Published
2015
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49. The von Economo neurons in fronto-insular and anterior cingulate cortex

Author

Allman, John M., Tetreault, Nicole A., Hakeem, Atiya Y., Manaye, Kebreten F., Semendeferi, Katerina, Erwin, Joseph M., Park, Soyoung, Goubert, Virginie, and Hof, Patrick R.

Subjects
Neurons, Primates, Animals, Humans, Cell Count, Growth and Development, Biological Evolution, Gyrus Cinguli, Models, Biological, Article
Abstract

The von Economo neurons (VENs) are large bipolar neurons located in the frontoinsular cortex (FI) and limbic anterior (LA) area in great apes and humans but not in other primates. Our stereological counts of VENs in FI and LA show them to be more numerous in humans than in apes. In humans, small numbers of VENs appear the 36th week postconception, with numbers increasing during the first 8 months after birth. There are significantly more VENs in the right hemisphere in postnatal brains; this may be related to asymmetries in the autonomic nervous system. VENs are also present in elephants and whales and may be a specialization related to very large brain size. The large size and simple dendritic structure of these projection neurons suggest that they rapidly send basic information from FI and LA to other parts of the brain, while slower neighboring pyramids send more detailed information. Selective destruction of VENs in early stages of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) implies that they are involved in empathy, social awareness, and self-control, consistent with evidence from functional imaging.

Published
2011

50. A neuronal aging pattern unique to humans and common chimpanzees

Author

Gilissen, Emmanuel P., primary, Leroy, Karelle, additional, Yilmaz, Zehra, additional, Kövari, Enikö, additional, Bouras, Constantin, additional, Boom, Alain, additional, Poncelet, Luc, additional, Erwin, Joseph M., additional, Sherwood, Chet C., additional, Hof, Patrick R., additional, and Brion, Jean-Pierre, additional

Published
2014
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