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4. GARFIELD-AF: risk profiles, treatment patterns and 2-year outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation in Germany, Austria and Switzerland (DACH) compared to 32 countries in other regions worldwide

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Haas, S., Camm, J.A., Harald, D., Steffel, J., Virdone, S., Pieper, K., Brodmann, M., Schellong, S., Misselwitz, F., Kayani, G., Kakkar, A.K., Jean-Pierre, B., John Camm, A., Fitzmaurice, D.A., Fox, K.A.A., Gersh, B.J., Goldhaber, S.Z., Shinya, G., Sylvia, H., Werner, H., Mantovani, L.G., Frank, M., Pieper, K.S., Turpie, A.G.G., Martin van Eickels, Verheugt, F.W.A., Fox Bernard, K.A.A., Gersh, J., Hector, L., Luciardi Harry Gibbs, Marianne, B., Frank, C., Antonio Carlos Pereira Barretto, Connolly, S.J., John, E., Ramon, C., Zhi-Cheng, J., Petr, J., Jørn Dalsgaard Nielsen, Hany, R., Pekka, R., Jean-Yves Le Heuzey, Matyas, K., Jitendra Pal Singh Sawhney, Giancarlo, A., Giuseppe, A., Yukihiro, K., Carlos Jerjes Sánchez Díaz, Hugo Ten Cate, Dan, A., Janina, S., Elizaveta, P., Toon Wei Lim, Barry, J., Seil, O., Xavier, V., Marten, R., Jan, S., Pantep, A., Ali, O., Alex, P., Wael Al Mahmeed, David, F., Samuel, Z.G., Dayi Hu Kangning Chen, Yusheng, Z., Huaiqin, Z., Jiyan, C., Shiping, C., Daowen, W., Yuejin, Y., Weihua, L., Hui, L., Yuehui, Y., Guizhou, T., Ping, Y., Yingmin, C., Shenghu, H., Yong, W., Guosheng, F., Xin, L., Tongguo, W., Xiaoshu, C., Xiaowei, Y., Ruiping, Z., Moshui, C., Longgen, X., Ping, C., Yang, J., Ying, G., Xue, L., Zhiming, Y., Praveen Jadhavm Raghava Sarma, Govind, K., Prakash, C., Rasesh Atulbhai Pothiwala, Mohanan Padinhare Purayil, Kamaldeep, C., Veerappa Annasaheb Kothiwale, Bagirath, R., Vinod Madan Vijan, Jitendra, S., Ganapathi, B., Aziz, K., Ramdhan, M., Manojkumar, C., Sunitha, A., Vikas, B., Govindan, V., Debabrata, R., Rajashekhar, D., G Ravi Shankar, A., Sunil, K., Dinesh, J., Kartikeya, B., Vinay, K., Udigala Madappa Nagamalesh, Rajeeve Kumar Rajput, Yukihiro Koretsune Seishu Kanamori, Kenichi, Y., Koichiro, K., Yosuke, K., Keiki, Y., Fumitoshi, T., Yuji, M., Ikuo, M., Hiroo, N., Shinichi, A., Tetsuro, S., Masahiro, M., Hiroyuki, O., Susumu, A., Kei, C., Hiroaki, N., Makoto, T., Takeshi, K., Kunihiko, Y., Hiroshi, A., Takayuki, H., Megumi, O., Shiro, A., Shinichiro, K., Kenshi, K., Takashi, M., Jun, M., Yurika, O., Ryuji, S., Kazuo, G., Kotaro, M., Yoshikuni, H., Hisakazu, S., Hiroo, M., Hitoshi, K., Tsugihiro, N., Tadashi, N., Hidekazu, N., Ryuji, Z., Yoshihisa, F., Akira, Y., Hiroyuki, N., Jun, O., Yasuyuki, K., Kinshiro, M., Yutaka, W., Masanori, Y., Hiromitsu, M., Sumihisa, A., Hajime, K., Satoru, T., Katsumi, S., Hiroki, T., Ichiro, O., Takashi, K., Satoshi, H., Masamichi, G., Takuma, E., Hidetoshi, C., Kazuaki, F., Yuhei, S., Hirokuni, S., Toshihisa, N., Yoshihiko, A., Toshiro, N., Kazuhisa, S., Fumihiro, H., Naoto, Y., Masahiro, K., Toshifumi, T., Munesumi, I., Yoshitake, F., Daisuke, I., Taku, S., Tetsu, I., Norio, I., Koichi, O., Keizo, T., Yutaka, H., Motoshi, T., Hiroto, T., Shinjiro, N., Masaaki, I., Yuichiro, N., Naomasa, M., Ashida, K., Jun, A., Seishiro, M., Osamu, A., Shuji, F., Hirofumi, M., Kazuya, M., Yoshiki, H., Ichiro, S., Kotaro, O., Ichiro, T., Mitsuyuki, A., Toshihide, U., Yoshinori, G., Makoto, I., Shoji, M., Shigeru, M., Hideo, D., Mitsuru, T., Takaaki, K., Shigeo, K., Chiga, O., Masaki, S., Masami, N., Yutaka, K., Yoichi, N., Hiroshi, O., Rikimaru, O., Masato, A., Teruaki, M., Kazuhiko, N., Takafumi, M., Junichi, M., Mitsunori, A., Masako, F., Makoto, O., Tsuneo, F., Toshiya, T., Tenei, K., Hiroshi, K., Mizuho, I., Masahiro, A., Takashi, U., Hironori, O., Masahiko, I., Yoshiki, K., Atsuyuki, N., Shinobu, T., Mitsuhiro, S., Masayuki, N., Kenichiro, I., Motoyuki, I., Taro, M., Masamichi, W., Hiroaki, M., Masato, M., Fumio, O., Teruaki, K., Kuniaki, T., Masaaki, T., Morio, I., Hiroshi, W., Toshihiko, S., Shinya, H., Hiroaki, H., Mitsumoto, H., Michitaka, H., Koichi, M., Hideki, H., Nobuyoshi, S., Yukio, S., Akira, S., Kazuo, N., Tetsuro, Y., Kunio, A., Sen, A., Chiei, T., Saori, M., Hirofumi, K., Masanori, K., Shiro, N., Atsushi, T., Shuta, T., Kazuyuki, S., Akiko, M., Hiroki, S., Jin, N., Taketo, H., Takash, I., Kazuki, S., Kazuya, K., Tomobumi, K., Tsuyoshi, T., Hirosumi, S., Kiyoshi, N., Kenichi, I., Kazuo, M., Tomohiro, S., Takeshi, I., Koichi, K., Hiromichi, K., Tsutomu, T., Mamoru, H., Jisho, K., Akitoshi, S., Yoshihiro, T., Tetsuo, B., Koji, H., Masaaki, H., Koichi, H., Takao, B., Kazuaki, M., Toshihiko, K., Kunihiko, H., Toshihide, K., Akira, N., Eiji, O., Takashi, S., Hiroyoshi, H., Chikako, S., Takashi, Y., Ichiro, M., Kazunori, S., Isamu, N., Ken, T., Osamu, I., Koichi, T., Samu, U., Hirokazu, K., Takuya, O., Seizo, O., Junya, K., Toshihiko, N., Itaru, M., Yoshifusa, M., Yasuyuki, M., Kazuo, T., Hajime, H., Tetsutaro, K., Koji, M., Masaichi, N., Takashi, W., Tomoki, Y., Masato, S., Hidekazu, A., Hisanori, S., Hiroyuki, T., Nobufusa, F., Akira, O., Kentaro, Y., Kenji, A., Taku, Y., Takeaki, K., Shunji, S., Shu, S., Nitaro, S., Masayuki, W., Yosuke, N., Toru, A., Masaki, O., Tetsushi, W., Tomoko, K., Yasuo, S., Takeshi, T., Yoshihito, H., Shinichi, H., Yukihiko, A., Yoshihiro, S., Hirohide, U., Hiroshi, T., Shuichi, T., Naoto, H., Seiichi, M., Hisashi, S., Takuma, A., Yasunobu, S., Yawara, N., Osamu, M., Hideko, I., Katsumasa, N., Masatsugu, N., Kazuo, S., Toshiyuki, F., Nobuhisa, I., Shunichi, N., Kiyoharu, S., Yujin, S., Naoko, O., Teruhiko, K., Hideaki, O., Masato, E., Tsutomu, G., Makoto, H., Emiko, N., Noriyuki, N., Toshizumi, M., Shuichi, S., Katsuhiro, O., Yoko, E., Tsuyoshi, F., Haruhiko, D., Shuichi, K., Sho, N., Yuya, U., Tetsuro, F., Mitsuru, I., Takuo, O., Shunsuke, T., Hideo, I., Norihiko, S., Kiyomitsu, I., Nobuo, W., Masatake, A., Junji, D., Tetsuya, K., Masato, T., Naoya, M., Yasuaki, F., Wataru, F., Susumu, S., Akinori, F., Ryosai, N., Hiroyasu, K., Rei, F., Keijiro, N., Yoji, K., Junya, A., Kiyoshi, Y., Toshio, A., Yasuhiro, S., Tatsuo, H., Yuichiro, K., Yasuhide, S., Yukihiro, S., Shingo, M., Kojuro, M., Yasuko, S., Toyoshi, S., Fumiko, I., Toshiyuki, K., Jaeyoung, K., Hiroshi, Y., Yoichi, T., Yoko Onuki Pearce, Yasuyuki, S., Takayuki, F., Toru, N., Hideaki, K., Yoshiyuki, K., Tetsuji, I., Hironori, M., Yasufumi, M., Masahito, S., Shimato, O., Yutaka, O., Satoshi, U., Kojiro, K., Tatsuo, O., Naoki, M., Koichi, I., Atsushi, I., Tomohiro, Y., Toshihiro, G., Tsukasa, K., Atsushi, S., Etsuo, M., Toshio, T., Hiroshi, S., Shunichi, F., Tomohiro, K., Yoshiyuki, F., Hiroshi, H., Jun, N., Kiichiro, Y., Takuya, I., Takafumi, A., Chi Keong Ching Toon Wei Lim, Kelvin, W., Tan, Y., Seil Oh Hui Nam Park, Woo-Shik, K., Hyeyoung, L., Sung-Won, J., Dae Hyeok Kim, Jun, K., Dongryeol, R., Jaemin, S., Dae-Kyeong, K., Dong Ju Choi, Yong Seog Oh, Myeong-Chan, C., Hack-Lyoung, K., Hui-Kyung, J., Dong-Gu, S., Sang Weon Park, Hoon Ki Park, Sang-Jin, H., Jung Hoon Sung, Hyung-Wook, P., Gi-Byoung, N., Young Keun On, Hong Euy Lim, Jaejin, K., Tae-Joon, C., Taek Jong Hong, Seong Hoon Park, Jung Han Yoon, Nam-Ho, K., Kee-Sik, K., Byung Chun Jung, Gyo-Seung, H., Chong-Jin, K., Sakda Rungaramsin Peerapat Katekangplu, Porames, K., Thanita, B., Wanwarang, W., Pinij, K., Khanchai, S., Waraporn, T., Supalerk, P., Khanchit, L., Doungrat, C., Warangkana, B., Sirichai, C., Songkwan, S., Pisit, H., Seksan, C., Pairoj, C., Boonsert, C., Yingsak, S., Khompiya, K., Piya, M., Sasivimon, J., Ongkarn, K., Armagan Altun Ali Aydinlar, Ramazan, T., Zeki, O., Sadik, A., Durmus Yildiray Sahin, Ozcan, Y., Mehmet Birhan Yilmaz, Hasan, P., Mesut, D., Murat, S., Levent, S., Murat, E., Ertugrul, O., Dursun, A., Florencia Rolandi Adrian Cesar Ingaramo, Gustavo Alberto Sambadaro, Vanina Fernandez Caputi, Sofia Graciela Berman, Pablo, D., Andres Javier Kleiban, Nestor, C., Rodolfo Andres Ahuad Guerrero, Leonel Adalberto Di Paola, Ricardo Dario Dran, Javier, E., Matias Jose Fosco, Victor Alfredo Sinisi, Luis Rodolfo Cartasegna, Oscar Gomez Vilamajo, Jose Luis Ramos, Sonia, S., Gerardo, Z., Diego, C., Guillermo, G., Alberto Alfredo Fernandez, Mario Alberto Berli, Fabian, F., Dário Celestino Sobral Filho Jefferson Jaber, Luciana Vidal Armaganijan, Costantino Roberto Frack Costantini, André, S., Weimar Kunz Sebba Barroso de Souzaem, João David de Souza Neto, José Márcio Ribeiro, Marcelo Silveira Teixeira, Paulo, R., Leonardo, P., Daniel, M., José Carlos Moura Jorge, Adalberto Menezes Lorga Filho, Luiz, B., Marcelo Westerlund Montera, Carlos Henrique Del Carlo, Jamil Abdalla Saad, Fernando Augusto Alves da Costa, Renato, L., Gilson Roberto de Araújo, Euler Roberto Manenti, Jose Francisco Kerr Saraiva, João Carlos Ferreira Braga, Alexandre, N., Carlos, M., Dalton, P., Fernando, R., Gilmar, R., Roberto Álvaro Ramos Filho, Estêvão Lanna Figueiredo, Roberto Vieira Botelho, Cláudio Munhoz da Fontoura Tavares, Helius Carlos Finimundi, Adriano, K., César Cássio Broilo França, Fábio, A., Guido Bernardo Aranha Rosito, João Batista de Moura Xavier Moraes Junior, Rogério Tadeu Tumelero, Lilia, M., Roberto Simões de Almeida, Ney Carter do Carmo Borges, Luís Gustavo Gomes Ferreira, Ramón Corbalán Benjamin Aleck Joseh Stockins Fernandez, Humberto, M., Fernando, L., Martín Larico Gómez, Carlos, A., Carlos, C., Patricio Marin Cuevas, Alejandro, F., Claudio Bugueño Gutiérrez, Juan, A., Sergio Potthoff Cardenas, German, E., Cesar, H., Carlos, R., Germán, A., Gustavo Charme Vilches, Carlos Jerjes Sanchez Diaz Jesus Jaime Illescas Diaz, Raul Leal Cantu, Maria Guadalupe Ramos Zavala, Ricardo Cabrera Jardines, Nilda Espinola Zavaleta, Enrique Lopez Rosas, Guillermo Antonio Llamas Esperón, Gerardo, P., Ernesto Cardona Muñoz, Norberto Matadamas Hernandez, Adolfo Leyva Rendon, Norberto Garcia Hernandez, Manuel de Los Rios Ibarra, Luis Ramon Virgen Carrillo, David Lopez Villezca, Carlos Hernandez Herrera, Juan Jose Lopez Prieto, Rodolfo Gaona Rodriguez, Efrain Villeda Espinosa, David Flores Martinez, Jose Velasco Barcena, Omar Fierro Fierro, Ignacio Rodriguez Briones, Jose Luis Leiva Pons, Humberto Alvarez Lopez, Rafael Olvera Ruiz, Carlos Gerardo Cantu Brito, Eduardo Julian Jose Roberto Chuquiure Valenzuela, Roxana Reyes Sanchez, Alberto Esteban Bazzoni Ruiz, Oscar Martin Lopez Ruiz, Roberto Arriaga Nava, Jesus David Morales Cerda, Pedro Fajardo Campos, Mario Benavides Gonzalez, Marianne Brodmann Kurt Lenz, Claus, H., Johannes, F., Heinz, D., Kurt, H., Andrea, P., Michael, W., Bruno, S., Alfons, G., Wilfried, L., Sabine, E., Peter, K., Josef, S., Heribert, R., Bernhard, S., Luc Capiau Geert Vervoort, Bart, W., Geert, H., Jan, V., Dirk, F., Yohan, B., Marc, D., Olivier, X., Harry, S., John, T., Georges, M., Wim, A., Ivan, B., Michel, B., Stefan, V., Peter, V., Philippe, P., Pascal, G., Tim, B., Philippe, D., Alex, H., Joeri, V., Axel De Wolf Eva Zidkova Petr Jansky, Rudolf, S., Vilma, M., Ondrej, L., Josef, O., Lubos, K., Blazej, R., Richard, F., Jan, H., Ilja, K., Zdenek, M., Hana, B., Ondrej, J., Jana, P., Iveta, P., Vratislav, D., Michaela, H., Petr, P., Petr, R., Jindrich, S., Miroslav, N., Vaclav, D., Katarina, P., Jiri, L., Jørn Nielsen Steen Husted, Helena, D., Ulrik, H., Søren, R., Næstved, S., Arne, B., John, M., Jan, B., Jorgen, S., Ebbe, E., Thomas, L., Michael, B., Jacob, M., Morten, S., Michael, O., Pekka Raatikainen Carmela Viitanen, Franck Paganelli Joël Ohayon, Frédéric, C., Michel, G., Yannick, G., Philippe, L., Jean-Joseph, M., Mohamed Bassel Koujan, André, M., Sylvain, D., Olivier, P., Nicolas, D., Jean-Pierre, C., Maxime, G., Dominique, G., G Lokesh, A., Mathieu, Z., Pierre, A., Emmanuel, E., James, K., Pierre-Yves, F., Jean-Pierre, H., Nestor, L., Gilles, R., Igor, S., Jean-Philippe, N., Marie Hélène Mahagne, Antoine, M., Marc, B., Jean-Baptiste, C., Vincent, N., Frederic, S., Gilles, M., Jean-Paul, B., Bernard, D., Michel, M., Désiré, O., Bernard, C., Joseph, M., Etienne, B., Jean Philippe Brugnaux, Alain, F., Pierre, N., Jean-Baptiste, B., Sebastien Schellong Harald Darius, Georg, K., Andreas, K., Uwe, G., Bernd-Thomas, K., Thomas, S., Jan, P., Enno, E., Heinz-Dieter, Z., Peter, R., Christoph, A., Gerd-Ulrich, H., Holger, M., Andreas, P., Stefan, Z., Wolfgang, E., Guenter, R., Dirk, G., Norbert, L., Petra, S., Henning, W., Cosmas, W., Steffen, S., Toralf, S., Adyeri, B., Maximilian, K., Hans-Hermann, Z., Friedhelm, K., Andreas, C., Sabine, O., Torsten, L., Hermann-Josef, H., Gunter, L., Hans-Walter, B., Gunter, H., Dietrich, R., Joachim, H., Praxis Dres Werner Erdle, Wilfried, D., Janna, D., Karl-Albrecht, R., Reinhold, V., Thomas, M., Peter, M., Uwe, H., Volker, E., Heinz, H., Heinz, L., Volker, L., Heiner, M., Christian, S., Herrmann, L., Thomas, B., Gunter, B., Susanne, K., Karsten, M., Sylvia, B., Muwafeg, A., Hans-Holger, E., Carsten, S., Peter, B., Laszlo, K., Britta, S., Wilhelm, H., Jens-Uwe, R., Andras Vertes Gabor Szantai, Andras, M., Nikosz, K., Zoltan, B., Erno, K., Balazs, G., Ferenc, J., Gizella, J., Sandor, K., Zoltan, L., Zsolt, M., Bela, M., Ebrahim, N., Tamas, H., Peter, P., Gabriella, S., Sandor, V., Andras, N., Gabriella, E., Judit, F., Mihaly, E., Giuliana Martini Leone Maria Cristina, Eros, T., Rita, S., Sophie, T., Giovanni Di Minno, Marco, M., Teresa Maria Caimi, Maria, T., Roberto, C., Daniela, P., Roberto, Q., Franco, C., Raffaele, F., Vincenzo, O., Raffaele, R., Roberto, S., Raimondo De Cristofaro, Giuliana, G., Angelo De Blasio, Jorge Salerno Uriate, Flavia, L., Enrico Maria Pogliani, Grzegorz, B., Michele, A., Antonio, M., Mauro, F., Arturo, R., Luciano, F., Andrea, M., Fabrizio, G., Luca, T., Maria, S., Sergio, N., Paolo, R., Antonio, A., Claudio, B., Filippo, T., Massimo, V., Maria, D., Maria Grazia Bongiorni, Silva, S., Alessandro, C., Corrado, L., Enrico, S., Gaetano, S., Tondo, C., Paolo, G., Carmine, M., Saverio, I., Hugo Ten Cate J, H.R., Andreas, L., Henk, A., Maarten, B., Mathijs, P., Coen van Guldener, Johannes, H., S H K P, R.N., Pieter, H., Walter, H., E Groenemeijer, B., Terpstra, W., Cees, B., L V, A.B., Eivind Berge Per Anton Sirnes, Erik, G., Torstein, H., Knut, E., Arne, H., Gunnar, S., Anders, Ø., Beraki, G., Arne, S., Peter, C., Torbjørn, Ø., Svein Høegh Henrichsen, Jan Erik Otterstad, Janina Stepinska Andrzej Gieroba, Malgorzata, B., Michal, O., Beata, W., Krystyna, L., Jaroslaw, Wieslaw, S., Jerzy, K., Roman, Z., Jaroslaw, H., Lucyna, S., Lech, K., Marcin, G., Piotr, M., Maciej, O., Grzegorz, K., Malgorzata, K., Zbigniew, L., Bozenna, O., Jerzy, L., Elzbieta, Z., Agnieszka, K., Malgorzata, C., Iwona, W., Grzegorz, O., Marek, B., Marcin, O., Grazyna, G., Piotr, R., Grzegorz, S., Ryszard, S., Boguslaw, O., Piotr, K., Krzysztof, G., Krzysztof, C., Jaroslaw, J., Pawel, M., Waldemar, M., Stanislaw, M., Roman, L., Jacek, B., Teresa, R., Grzegorz, R., Ewa, D., Jadwiga, N., Jozef, L., Vera Eltishcheva Roman Libis, Gadel, K., Dmitry, B., Liudmila, E., Alexander, K., Eduard, Y., Dmitry, Z., Olga, B., Olga, M., Evgeniy, M., Konstantin, Z., Tatyana, N., Yulia, M., Elena, P., Konstantin, S., Maria, R., Yulia, S., Alla, K., Konstantin, N., Oksana, Z., Anna, Z., Victor, K., Sergey, P., Maria, P., Anton, E., Elena Aleksandrova Oksana Drapkina, Alexander, V., Oleg, N., Petr, C., Svetlana, R., Mikhail, S., Borys, K., Alexey, U., Xavier Vinolas Pere Alvarez Garcia, Maria Fernanda Lopez Fernandez, Luis Tercedor Sanchez, Salvador Tranche Iparraguirre, Pere Toran Monserrat, Emilio Marquez Contreras, Jordi Isart Rafecas, Juan Motero Carrasco, Pablo Garcia Pavia, Casimiro Gomez Pajuelo, Luis Miguel Rincon Diaz, Luis Fernando Iglesias Alonso, Angel Grande Ruiz, Jordi Merce Klein, Jose Ramon Gonzalez Juanatey, Ines Monte Collado, Herminia Palacin Piquero, Carles Brotons Cuixart, Esther Fernandez Escobar, Joan Bayo, I.L., Cecilia Corros Vicente, Manuel Vida Gutierrez, Francisco Epelde Gonzalo, Carlos Alexandre Almeida Fernandez, Encarnacion Martinez Navarro, Juan Jose Montero Alia, Maria Barreda Gonzalez, Maria Angels Moleiro Oliva, Jose Iglesias Sanmartin, Mercedes Jimenez Gonzalez, Maria Del Mar Rodriguez Alvarez, Juan Herreros Melenchon, Tomas Ripoll Vera, Manuel Jimenez Navarro, Maria Vazquez Caamano, Maria Fe Arcocha Torres, Gonzalo Marcos Gomez, Andres Iniguez Romo, Miguel Angel Prieto Diaz, Mårten Rosenqvist Alexander Wirdby, Centrumkliniken, Jan, L., Kerstin, H., Micael, E., Arnor, E., Ulf, B., Liu, B., Anders, L., Lars-Bertil, O., Mikael, G., Lars, A., Lars, B., Claes, B., Ali, H., Björn, M., Marianne, E., Åke, O., Håkan, L., Peter, S., Katarina, T., Hans, H., Pyotr, P., Fredrik, B., Ingar, T., Milita, C., Jan-Erik, K., Agneta, A., Lennart, M., Johan, E., Jörgen, T., Aida, H., Steen, J., Per, S., Jan Steffel Johann Debrunner, Juerg, H.B., Dipen, S., Iurii Rudyk Vira Tseluyko, Oleksandr, K., Svitlana, Z., Igor, K., Oleksandr, P., Iryna, K., Nestor, S., Yuriy, M., Oleksiy, U., Olena, K., Yevgeniya, S., Oleg, S., Mykola, S., Andriy, Y., Susanna, T., Ivan, F., Will Murdoch Naresh Chauhan, Daryl, G., Louise, L., Ramila, P., Philip, S., Bennett, W., Alex, C., Niranjan, P., Jhittay, P., Andrew, R., S Kainth, M., Karim, L., Kevin, D., Gill, P., Joanna, M., Laura, H., Trevor, G., Helga, W., Cumberlidge, Colin, B., Catherine, B., Kevin, J., Shoeb, S., Richard, C., Bhupinder, S., Willcock, W., Sircar, S., John, C., Gilliand, A., Roman, B., Strieder, E., Peter, H., Anne, W., Michael, S., Graham, K., Bhaskhar, V., Nigel, B., Paul, E., Clark, M., John, B., Jennifer, L., Fisher, E., Tim, F., Richard, K., Neil, P., Elizabeth, A., Michael, A., Ramesh, C., Pete, W., Simon, F., Sue, F., Julian, T., Hasan, C., Gary, T., Dawn, T., Matt, P., Claire, S., Carolyn, P., Mark, R., Angus, J., Helen, S., Hywel, J., Claire, G., Matthew, B., Philip, W., Jehad, A., Simon, W., William, L., Phil, E., Frances, S., Neil, M., Stephen, R., Yvette, S., Richard, W., Philip, P., Paul, W., Preeti, P., Andrew, G., Railton, T., Emyr, D., Jonathan, M., Marc, J., Claire, H., Thompson, R., Bijoy, S., Keith, B., Susan, B., Helen, L., David, R., Ulka, C., Ikram, H., Paul, A., Claire, J., Phil, W., Jane, E., Lisa, G., Janet, G., Alison, M., Poland, K., Conor, M., Warke, A., Paul, C., Burns, D., Smith, R., Kamath, R., Jonathan, W., Ian, H., Stephen, V., Paul, R., Hilary, P., Jayesh, P., Amar, A., Nigel, H., Richard, D., Nigel, D., Catherine, N., Mark, D., Purnima, S., Sophia, G., Charlotte, H., Raife, O., Martin, A., Mira, P., Gordon, I., Shahid, A., Catherine, R., Fiaz, C., Sabrina, K., Stephanie, S., Sharon, P., Warwick, C., Neil, R., Amy Butler Steven Coates, Ben, W., Daniel, J., Steve, W., Diane, S., Toh, W., Mark, B., Melanie, D., David, C., Sarah, D., Ben, F., Nick, H., Henry, C., Jon, S., Tim, M., Salah, E., Diane, G., Justin, W., Richard, V., Karen, F., Rob, H., Kashif, Z., Catherine, L., Rebecca, W., Paul, M., Andre, B., Philip, C., Mike, W., Mark, P., Chaminda, D., Greg, R., James, B., Polly, J., Rajesh, M., Matthew, A., Robin, F., Nicolas, T., Simon, C., Rory, R., Simon, R., Christine, A., Ann, F., Andrew, H., Simon, D., Minnal, N., Iain, M., Jane, G., Phil, S., John, S., Emma, B., Adam Blenkhorn Bhuwanendu Singh, Penny, A., William van Gaal, Walter, A., Philip, T., Ron, L., Jens, K., Andrei, C., Hosen, K., David, E., John, F., Bronte, A., Thanh, P., James, R., David, O., Sang Cheol Bae, Harry, G., Patrick, C., Greg, S., Margaret, A., Maurits, B., Astin, L., John Eikelboom Robert Luton, Milan, G., Amritanshu Shekhar Pandey, Stephen, C., Rolland, L., Philippe, B., Félix, A., Joseph, B., John, H., Germain, P., Miranda du Preez, Bradley, S., Reginald, N., Ripple, D., Tomasz, H., Andrea, L., Ratika, P., James, C., Benoit, C., Brian, R., Jorge, B., Saul, V., Sameh, F., Ahmed Mowafy Azza Katta, Mazen, T., Moustafa, N., Mohamed, S., Seif Kamal Abou Seif, Tarek, K., Ahmed Abd El-Aziz, Nasser, T., Ashraf, R., Atef, E., Mohamed Gamal El Din, Magdi, E., Adel, E., David Kettles Junaid Bayat, Heidi, S., Adrian, H., Ynez, K., Riaz, G., Thayabran, P., Michele, G., Louis van Zyl, Hendrik, T., Andrew, M., Rikus, L., Deon, G., Pindile, M., Siddique, I., Fayzal, A., Johannes, E., Shambu, M., Wessel, O., Rehana, L., Veronica, U., Wael AlAl Mahmeed AbdullahNaeemi, Ghazi, Y., Nooshin, B., Munther, A., Rajan, M., Rupesh, S., Ahmed, N., Mohamed, I., Amrish, A., Mukesh, N., Ehab, M.E., Adel, W., Rajeev, G., Michael Cox Scott Beach, Peter, D., Stephen, F., Kevin, F., Miguel, F., W Michael Kutayli, Annette, Q., Niraj, S., Vance, W., Stephen, M., Mark, A., Edwin, B., Roddy, C., Ted, G., Rodney, I., Jorge, G., Howard, N., Pamela, R., Rajneesh, R., Marcus, W., Daniel, N., Keith, F., Ihsan, H., Robert, M., Sridevi, P., Daniel, T., Charles, T., Moustafa, M., Cas, C., Walter, P., Alisha, O., George, P., Jaspal, G., James, W., and Firas, K.

Subjects
Vitamin K antagonists, Atrial fibrillation, GARFIELD-AF, Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants, Oral anticoagulation, Phenprocoumon, Settore MED/11 - Malattie dell'Apparato Cardiovascolare
Abstract

The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is a worldwide non-interventional study of stroke prevention in patients with non-valvular AF.52,080 patients with newly diagnosed AF were prospectively enrolled from 2010 to 2016. 4121 (7.9%) of these patients were recruited in DACH [Germany (n = 3567), Austria (n = 465) and Switzerland (n = 89) combined], and 47,959 patients were from 32 countries in other regions worldwide (ORW). Hypertension was most prevalent in DACH and ORW (85.3% and 75.6%, respectively). Diabetes, hypercholesterolaemia, carotid occlusive disease and vascular disease were more prevalent in DACH patients vs ORW (27.6%, 49.4%, 5.8% and 29.0% vs 21.7%, 40.9%, 2.8% and 24.5%). The use of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) increased more in DACH over time. Management of vitamin K antagonists was suboptimal in DACH and ORW (time in therapeutic range of INR ≥ 65% in 44.6% and 44.4% of patients or ≥ 70% in 36.9% and 36.0% of patients, respectively). Adjusted rates of cardiovascular mortality and MI/ACS were higher in DACH while non-haemorrhagic stroke/systemic embolism was lower after 2-year follow-up.Similarities and dissimilarities in AF management and clinical outcomes are seen in DACH and ORW. The increased use of NOAC was associated with a mismatch of risk-adapted anticoagulation (over-and-undertreatment) in DACH. Suboptimal control of INR requires educational activities in both regional groups. Higher rates of cardiovascular death in DACH may reflect the higher risk profile of these patients and lower rates of non-haemorrhagic stroke could be associated with increased NOAC use.

Published
2022

5. Microsatellite diversity of the Nordic type of goats in relation to breed conservation: how relevant is pure ancestry?

Author

Lenstra, J.A., Tigchelaar, J., Biebach, I., Hallsson, J.H., Kantanen, J., Nielsen, V.H., Pompanon, F., Naderi, S., Rezaei, H.R., Sæther, N., Ertugrul, O., Grossen, C., Camenisch, G., VosLoohuis, M., van Straten, M., de Poel, E.A., Windig, J., Oldenbroek, K., AboShehada, Mahamoud, Marsan, Paolo Ajmone, Tarrayrah, Jamil Al, Angiolillo, Antonella, Baret, Philip, Baumung, Roswitha, BejaPereira, Albano, Bertaglia, Marco, Bordonaro, Salvatore, Brandt, Horst, Bruford, Mike, Caloz, Régis, Canali, Gabriele, Canon, Javier, Cappuccio, Irene, Carta, Antonello, Cicogna, Mario, Crepaldi, Paola, Dalamitra, Stella, Dobi, Petrit, Dunner, Susana, DʼUrso, Giuseppe, El Barody, M. A. A., England, Phillip, Erhardt, Georg, Ertuğrul, Okan, Glowatzki, MarieLouise, IbeaghaAwemu, Eveline, Strzelec, Ewa, Fadlaoui, Aziz, Fornarelli, Francesca, Garcia, David, Georgoudis, Andreas, Giovenzana, Stefano, Gutscher, Katja, Hewitt, Godfrey, Hoda, Anila, Istvan, Anton, Jones, Sam, Joost, Stéphane, Juma, Gabriela, Karetsou, Katerina, Kliambas, Georgios, Koban, Evren, Krugmann, Daniela, Kutita, Olga, Lazlo, Fesus, Ligda, Christina, Lipsky, Shirin, Luikart, Gordon, Lühken, Gesine, Marilli, Marta, Marletta, Donata, Milanesi, Elisabetta, Negrini, Riccardo, Nijman, Isaäc J., Niznikowski, Roman, ObexerRuff, Gabriela, Papachristoforou, Christos, Pariset, Lorraine, Peter, Marco Pellecchia, Christina, Perez, Trinidad, Pietrolà, Emilio, Pilla, Fabio, Popielarczyk, Dominik, Prinzenberg, MariaEva, Roosen, Jutta, Scarpa, Riccardo, Sechi, Tiziana, Taberlet, Pierre, Taylor, Martin, Togan, Inci, Trommetter, Michel, Valentini, Alessio, Van Cann, Lisette M., Vlaic, Augustin, Wiskin, Louise, and Zundel, Stéphanie

Published
2017
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15. Microsatellite diversity of the Nordic type of goats in relation to breed conservation: how relevant is pure ancestry?

Author

Lenstra, J A, Tigchelaar, J, Biebach, Iris, Econogene Consortium, Hallsson, J H, Kantanen, J, Nielsen, V H, Pompanon, F, Naderi, S, Rezaei, H R, Saether, N, Ertugrul, O, Grossen, Christine, Camenisch, Glauco, Vos-Loohuis, M, van Straten, M, de Poel, E A, Windig, J, Oldenbroek, K, University of Zurich, and Lenstra, J A

Subjects
10127 Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, 570 Life sciences, biology, 590 Animals (Zoology), 1103 Animal Science and Zoology, 3403 Food Animals
Published
2017

16. Microsatellite diversity of the Nordic type of goats in relation to breed conservation: How relevant is pure ancestry?

Author

Lenstra, J. A., Biebach, I., Hallsson, J. H., Kantanen, J., Nielsen, V. H., Pompanon, F., Naderi, S., Rezaei, H. R., Sæther, N., Ertugrul, O., Grossen, C., Camenisch, G., Vos-Loohuis, M., van Straten, M., de Poel, E. A., Windig, J., Oldenbroek, K., LS IRAS Tox Algemeen, Biochemisch laboratorium, dIRAS RA-1, and dCSCA AVR

Subjects
Diversity, Goats, Microsatellite, Conservation
Abstract

In the last decades, several endangered breeds of livestock species have been re-established effectively. However, the successful revival of the Dutch and Danish Landrace goats involved crossing with exotic breeds and the ancestry of the current populations is therefore not clear. We have generated genotypes for 27 FAO-recommended microsatellites of these landraces and three phenotypically similar Nordic-type landraces and compared these breeds with central European, Mediterranean and south-west Asian goats. We found decreasing levels of genetic diversity with increasing distance from the south-west Asian domestication site with a south-east-to-north-west cline that is clearly steeper than the Mediterranean east-to-west cline. In terms of genetic diversity, the Dutch Landrace comes next to the isolated Icelandic breed, which has an extremely low diversity. The Norwegian coastal goat and the Finnish and Icelandic landraces are clearly related. It appears that by a combination of mixed origin and a population bottleneck, the Dutch and Danish Land-races are separated from the other breeds. However, the current Dutch and Danish populations with the multicoloured and long-horned appearance effectively substitute for the original breed, illustrating that for conservation of cultural heritage, the phenotype of a breed is more relevant than pure ancestry and the genetic diversity of the original breed. More in general, we propose that for conservation, the retention of genetic diversity of an original breed and of the visual phenotype by which the breed is recognized and defined needs to be considered separately.

Published
2017

17. THE EFFECT OF EXENATIDE THERAPY IN PREVIOUSLY INSULIN-TREATED TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS

Author

Banu Ozturk Ceyhan, Hamiyet Yilmaz Yasar, Pamuk Bo, Ertugrul O, Mustafa Demirpence, and Ertugrul D

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Endocrine and Autonomic Systems, business.industry, Endocrine Care, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Insulin, medicine.medical_treatment, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Blood lipids, Type 2 diabetes, medicine.disease, Gastroenterology, Metformin, Endocrinology, Diabetes mellitus, Internal medicine, medicine, business, Exenatide, medicine.drug, Glycemic
Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of multiple daily injection (MDI) treatment replaced by Exenatide BID as compared with continuation of MDI. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 140 patients with type 2 diabetes, taking metformin and multiple daily insulin injections, were randomized to exenatide or insulin group that continued their insulin treatment. Patients were followed-up for 16 weeks. Blood glucose profiles, BMI, waist circumference, HbA1C, serum lipids and side effects were assesssed at weeks 0,12 and 16. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the two groups with respect to baseline parameters. Glycemic control was similar between the two groups. The mean changes in HbA1C in exenatide group were -0.66±0.63% and in insulin group -0.74±0.92 % (p=0.594). In exenatide group, 59.6 % of patients and in insulin group 85.71 % of patients had maintained or improved glycemic control at the end of the study. In insulin group, insulin requirement increased 5.86 ± 4.46 units/day. Body weight and waist circumference decreased significantly in exenatide treatment group with respect to insulin group (p

Published
2017

19. Y-chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Author

Cinar Kul, B, Bilgen, N, Lenstra, J A, Korkmaz Agaoglu, O, Akyuz, B, Ertugrul, O, LS IRAS Tox Algemeen, Risk Assessment of Toxic and Immunomodulatory Agents, IRAS RATIA1, LS IRAS Tox Algemeen, Risk Assessment of Toxic and Immunomodulatory Agents, and IRAS RATIA1

Subjects
Genetic Markers, Male, Turkey, Molecular Sequence Data, Adaptation, Biological, Biology, Breeding, Y chromosome, DNA, Mitochondrial, Haplogroup, Food Animals, Y Chromosome, Genetic variation, Animals, Domestication, Genetics, Goats, Haplotype, Genetic Variation, General Medicine, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Breed, Founder Effect, Phylogeography, Testis determining factor, Haplotypes, Animals, Domestic, Animal Science and Zoology, Founder effect
Abstract

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male-specific region markers, sex-determining region-Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honamlı, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y-chromosomal variants have a more breed-dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.

Published
2015

21. Prolactin receptor (PRLR) gene polymorphism in Chios, White Karaman and Awassi sheep breeds

Author

Ozge Ozmen, Seker, I., Ertugrul, O., Ozkan, E., and Tekin, N.

Subjects
Signal-Transduction, Litter Size, Mouse, Dna Polymorphism, Prolificacy, Expression, Null Mutation, 2 Forms, Statistical Tests, Turkish sheep breeds, prolactin receptor gene, polymorphism, Chromosome-16
Abstract

The objective of the present study was to determine the polymorphism in the prolactine receptor (PRLR) gene in Chios, White Karaman and Awassi, which are native sheep breeds in Turkey. By means of PRLR gene sequence homology between sheep and humans, two primer pairs were designed for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification within intron 1 and exon 10 of the PRLR gene in sheep. A total of 160 amplicons (99 for intron 1 and 61 for exon 10) were subjected to DNA sequence analysis. For intron 1, 6 different haplotypes were determined. For exon 10, 7 different haplotypes were obtained. Some variations determined for exon 10 (g.14A>T p.Q14L; g.160G>A p.D160N; g.166G>A p.E166K; g.167A>T p.E167V; g.176A>T p.H176L; g.206G>A p.S206N; g.208G>A p.G208R) led to changes in the amino acids, but no amino acid changes were determined in g.2A>T, g.81A>G, g.138A>G, g.186C>T, g..207T>C. It was noted in particular that White Karaman and Awassi were similar to each other in both PRLR exon 10 and intron 1 haplotypes, whereas the Chios breed had a different variation. TubitakTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK); Council of Firat UniversityFirat University [1070894] The sequence experiments were carried out at the Ankara University Biotechnology Institute Genomics Unit. The Project was supported by Tubitak and Scientific Research Projects Council of Firat University (Project code Tubitak 1070894; Fubap: 1502).

Published
2011

22. Geographical patterning of sixteen goat breeds from Italy, Albania and Greece assessed by Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms

Author

Pariset, L, Cuteri, A, Ligda, C, AJMONE MARSAN, P, Valentini, A, ECONOGENE CONSORTIUM COLLABORATORS, ABO SHEHADA, M, AL TARRAYRAH, J, Angiolillo, Antonella, Baret, P, Baumung, R, BEJA PEREIRA, A, Bertaglia, M, Bordonaro, S, Bruford, M, Caloz, R, Gabriele, C, Javier, C, Cappuccio, I, Carta, A, Cicogna, M, Crepaldi, P, Dalamitra, S, Krugmann, D, Dobi, P, Popielarczyk, D, Dunner, S, D'Urso, G, EL BARODY MA, England, P, Erhardt, G, Ertugrul, O, Prinzenberg, Em, IBEAGHA AWEMU, E, Strzelec, E, Aziz, F, Fornarelli, F, Garcia, D, Georgoudis, A, Lühken, G, Stefano, G, Gutscher, K, Hewitt, G, Hoda, A, Brandt, H, Istvan, A, Juma, G, Joost, S, Jones, S, Karetsou, K, Kliambas, G, Koban, E, Kutita, O, Fesus, L, Lenstra, Ja, Lipsky, S, Luikart, G, Glowatzki, Ml, Marta, M, Marletta, D, Milanesi, E, Negrini, R, Nijman, Isaäc, J, OBEXER RUFF, G, Papachristoforou, C, Pellecchia, M, Peter, C, Perez, T, Pietrolà, E, Pilla, Fabio, Niznikowski, R, Roosen, J, Scarpa, R, Sechi, T, Taberlet, P, Taylor, M, Togan, I, Trommetter, M, Van, Cann, Lisette, M, Vlaic, Augustin, Wiskin, L, and Zundel, S.

Subjects
Gene Flow, Population, SNP, Population genetics, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Biology, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Gene flow, Environmental Science(all), Geographical distance, Animals, education, Socioeconomics, QH540-549.5, Phylogeny, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, General Environmental Science, GOAT BREEDS, Genetics, education.field_of_study, Genetic diversity, Ecology, Geography, Greece, Settore AGR/17 - ZOOTECNICA GENERALE E MIGLIORAMENTO GENETICO, Genetic Carrier Screening, Goats, Nucleotide polymorphisms, Italy, Albania, Mantel test, Razze caprine, Polimorfismi nucleotidici, Research Article
Abstract

Background SNP data of goats of three Mediterranean countries were used for population studies and reconstruction of geographical patterning. 496 individuals belonging to Italian, Albanian and Greek breeds were genotyped to assess the basic population parameters. Results A total of 26 SNPs were used, for a total of 12,896 genotypes assayed. Statistical analysis revealed that breeds are not so similar in terms of genetic variability, as reported in studies performed using different markers. The Mantel test showed a strongly significant correlation between genetic and geographic distance. Also, PCA analysis revealed that breeds are grouped according to geographical origin, with the exception of the Greek Skopelos breed. Conclusion Our data point out that the use of SNP markers to analyze a wider breed sample could help in understanding the recent evolutionary history of domestic goats. We found correlation between genetic diversity and geographic distance. Also PCA analysis shows that the breeds are well differentiated, with good correspondence to geographical locations, thus confirming the correlation between geographical and genetic distances. This suggests that migration history of the species played a pivotal role in the present-day structure of the breeds and a scenario in which coastal routes were easier for migrating in comparison with inland routes. A westward coastal route to Italy through Greece could have led to gene flow along the Northern Mediterranean.

Published
2009

25. Geographic structure in goat diversity as revealed by AFLP molecular markers

Author

Marsan, P. A., Negrini, R., Milanesi, E., Paola Crepaldi, Cicogna, M., Zagdsuren, Y., Ertugrul, O., Luikart, G., Taberlet, P., Istituto di Zootecnica, Università cattolica del Sacro Cuore [Piacenza e Cremona] (Unicatt), Istituto di Zootecnia Generale, Università degli Studi di Milano [Milano] (UNIMI), Research Institute of Animal Husbandry, Mongolian State University of Agriculture, Department of Biostatistique, Ankara University, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, genetic distance, genetic diversity, mitochondrial DNA, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, microsatellites, polymorphism, genetic variation, loci, genetic markers, geographical distribution, genetics, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, genes, genomes
Abstract

International audience; We investigated the genetic variation in domestic goats (Capra hircus) and compared the geographic and genetic diversity in this species on a large scale (world-wide) and on a local scale (Italian Alps). A total of 392 domestic goats belonging to 16 populations from Turkey, Mongolia, Malaysia, Nigeria, Italy and Switzerland were analysed with 118 AFLP markers. A high correlation between genetic and geographic distance (r=0.75; Pless than or equal to 0.01) was observed on a worldwide scale. AFLP data were in contrast with mitochondrial DNA data that showed weak geographic structure in goats. We hypothesized that in the process of breed formation, local wild and domesticated males significantly contributed their genomes to the geographic partition and present characteristics of the local breeds.

Published
2002

36. PRNP gene polymorphism in 136, 154 and 171 codons in Polish sheep breeds | Polimorfizm genu PRNP w kodonach 136, 154 i 171 u Polskich ras owiec

Author

Niznikowski, R., Lühken, G., Strzelec, E., Lipsky, S., Popielarczyk, D., Erhardt, G., Ajmone-Marsan, P., Bruford, M., Dunner, S., Obexer-Ruff, G., Taberlet, P., alessio valentini, Caloz, R., Georgudis, A., Canali, G., Roosen, J., Crepaldi, P., Togan, I., Vlaic, A., Fésüs, L., Ertugrul, O., Abo-Shekada, M., Barody, M. E., Hoda, A., and Trommetter, M.

37. PRNP gene polymorphism in 136, 154 and 171 codons in Polish sheep breeds,Polimorfizm genu PRNP w kodonach 136, 154 i 171 u Polskich ras owiec

Author

Roman Niżnikowski, Lühken, G., Strzelec, E., Lipsky, S., Popielarczyk, D., Erhardt, G., Ajmone-Marsan, P., Bruford, M., Dunner, S., Obexer-Ruff, G., Taberlet, P., Valentini, A., Caloz, R., Georgudis, A., Canali, G., Roosen, J., Crepaldi, P., Togan, I., Vlaic, A., Niznikowski, R., Fésüs, L., Ertugrul, O., Abo-Shekada, M., Barody, M. E., Hoda, A., and Trommetter, M.

38. Assessing the spatial dependence of adaptive loci in 43 European and Western Asian goat breeds using AFLP markers

Author

Colli, L., Joost, S., Negrini, R., Nicoloso, L., Crepaldi, P., Ajmone Marsan, P., Abo Shehada, M., Al Tarrayrah, J., Baret, P., Baumung, R., Beja Pereira, A., Bertaglia, M., Bordonaro, S., Bruford, M., Caloz, R., Canali, G., Canon, J., Cappuccio, I., Carta, A., Cicogna, M., Cortes, O., Dalamitra, S., Daniela, K., Dobi, P., Dominik, P., Dunner, S., D Urso, G., El Barody, M. A. A., England, P., Erhardt, G., Ertugrul, O., Prinzenberg, E. M., Ibeagha Awemu, E., Strzelec, E., Fadlaoui, A., Fornarelli, F., Garcia, D., Georgoudis, A., Lühken, G., Giovenzana, S., Gutscher, K., Hewitt, G., Hoda, A., Brandt, H., Istvan, A., Juma, G., Jones, S., Karetsou, K., Kliambas, G., Koban, E., Kutita, O., Fesus, L., Lenstra Johannes, A., Ligda, C., Lipsky, S., Luikart, G., Marie Louise, G., Marilli, M., Marletta, D., Milanesi, E., Nijman Isaäc, J., Obexer Ruff, G., Papachristoforou, C., Pariset, L., Pellecchia, M., Peter, C., Perez, T., Fabio PILLA, Andrea, Mariasilvia D., Niznikowskian Roosen, R., Juttak Scarpa, R., Sechi, T., Taberlet, P., Taylor, M., Togan, I., Trommetter, M., Valentini, A., Cann Lisette, M., Vlaic, A., Wiskin, L., and Zundel, S.

39. THE EFFECT OF EXENATIDE THERAPY IN PREVIOUSLY INSULIN-TREATED TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS.

Author

Yaşar, H. Y., Ceyhan, B. Ozturk, Pamuk, B. O., Demirpence, M., Ertugrul, O., and Ertugrul, D.

Subjects
*TYPE 2 diabetes, *EXENATIDE, *INSULIN therapy, *GLYCEMIC control, *C-peptide, *INJECTIONS, *PATIENTS, *THERAPEUTICS
Abstract

Objective. To evaluate the effect of multiple daily injection (MDI) treatment replaced by Exenatide BID as compared with continuation of MDI. Patients and Methods. A total of 140 patients with type 2 diabetes, taking metformin and multiple daily insulin injections, were randomized to exenatide or insulin group that continued their insulin treatment. Patients were followed-up for 16 weeks. Blood glucose profiles, BMI, waist circumference, HbA1C, serum lipids and side effects were assesssed at weeks 0,12 and 16. Results. There were no significant differences between the two groups with respect to baseline parameters. Glycemic control was similar between the two groups. The mean changes in HbA1C in exenatide group were -0.66±0.63% and in insulin group -0.74±0.92 % (p=0.594). In exenatide group, 59.6 % of patients and in insulin group 85.71 % of patients had maintained or improved glycemic control at the end of the study. In insulin group, insulin requirement increased 5.86 ± 4.46 units/day. Body weight and waist circumference decreased significantly in exenatide treatment group with respect to insulin group (p<0.001). Conclusions. Substituting exenatide for insulin might be an option in insulin-treated, type 2 diabetic patients having obesity, and poor glycemic control. However, patients with longer duration of diabetes and insulin treatment and with lower C-peptide levels might not benefit from exenatide therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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40. Does Bedside Sonography Effectively Identify Nasogastric Tube Placements in Pediatric Critical Care Patients?

Author

Selim Baris Gul, Omer Ertugrul, Muhammet Sukru Paksu, Yunus Oktay Atalay, Ahmet Veysel Polat, Ramazan Aydin, Atalay, Y.O., Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Outpatient Anesthesia Service, Atakum, Samsun, TR55139, Turkey -- Aydin, R., Kirikkale High Specialty Hospital, Department of Radiology, Kirikkale, Turkey -- Ertugrul, O., Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Samsun, Turkey -- Gul, S.B., Aksaray Goverment Hospital, Department of Radiology, Aksaray, Turkey -- Polat, A.V., Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Samsun, Turkey -- Paksu, M.S., Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Medicine, Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Samsun, Turkey, and Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi

Subjects
Insufflation, medicine.medical_specialty, Critical Care, endocrine system diseases, pediatrics, intensive care units, Point-of-Care Systems, Radiography, Medicine (miscellaneous), Pilot Projects, 03 medical and health sciences, Patient safety, 0302 clinical medicine, Double-Blind Method, Intensive care, medicine, patient safety, Humans, enteral nutrition, Prospective Studies, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, Prospective cohort study, Intubation, Gastrointestinal, Observer Variation, Nutrition and Dietetics, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, General surgery, ComputerSystemsOrganization_COMPUTER-COMMUNICATIONNETWORKS, nutritional and metabolic diseases, 030208 emergency & critical care medicine, Auscultation, ultrasonography, Surgery, ComputingMilieux_MANAGEMENTOFCOMPUTINGANDINFORMATIONSYSTEMS, medicine.anatomical_structure, ComputingMethodologies_PATTERNRECOGNITION, Epigastrium, Pediatric critical care, InformationSystems_MISCELLANEOUS, business, nasogastric tube, radiography
Abstract

PubMed ID: 27029283, Background: A nasogastric tube (NGT) insertion is a common procedure in intensive care units, with some serious complications that result from the malposition of the NGT tip. This pilot study was designed to investigate the efficiency of ultrasound in verifying correct NGT placement and to compare these results with radiographic findings. Materials and Methods: This was a single-center, double-blind prospective study of patients who had received an NGT in the pediatric critical care unit. Twenty-one patients aged 1 month to 18 years were included in this study. All NGTs were inserted by the same critical care physician. After insertion, the physician first confirmed NGT placement by the auscultation of the epigastrium following the insufflation of air. Confirmation was supplemented with an abdominal radiograph. A radiologist who was unaware of the radiographic findings performed bedside sonography on all patients and verified the location of the NGTs. The findings from these 2 physicians were then compared. Results: NGTs were inserted without any complications, and none of the NGTs were positioned in the respiratory tract in any of the patients. All NGT tips were visualized by radiography and sonography with a sensitivity of 100%. Conclusion: Bedside sonography performed by a radiologist is an effective and sensitive diagnostic procedure for confirming the correct NGT position in patients in the pediatric critical care unit. © 2016 American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition.

Published
2016

41. Rapidpulse TM cyclic aspiration system for acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusions.

Author

Bajrami A, Geyik S, Ertugrul O, Erdem E, Gallego Leon JI, Barbieri G, Dominguez Rodriguez C, Rayón-Aledo JC, Barra AIS, Blanco FSS, Candel CS, Montalverne FJ, Andrade LI, Bandeira D, Bezerra J, Carm H, Silva HC, Braga Cruz Guedes de Morais A, de Lucena AF, Lima FO, Mendes G, Rocha FA, Kupcs K, Kidikas H, Vetra J, Gal G, Diaz A, and Nogueira RG

Abstract

Background: The best strategy to achieve optimal reperfusion outcomes during mechanical thrombectomy remains to be defined. The RapidPulse TM Cyclic Aspiration System is a novel technology, delivering high-frequency pulsed vacuum forces to increase the efficiency of aspiration thrombectomy., Methods: Prospective, multicenter, open-label, core lab-adjudicated, two-arm study comparing safety and efficacy of a feasibility version of the RapidPulse TM system compared with contemporary controls. Primary endpoint was the rate of mTICI ≥ 2c after first-pass effect (FPE). Additional efficacy endpoints were the rates of mTICI ≥ 2b after first pass (modified FPE (mFPE)), last pass with study device defined as frontline technical success, and after all passes including rescue therapy. The primary safety endpoints included symptomatic ICH (sICH) within 24 h post-procedure., Results: Between February 2022 to December 2022, 80 subjects were consented and enrolled in the study (n = 40 treatment arm, n = 40 control arm). In the intent to treat (ITT) population, mean age was 67.8 ± 11.5 years; 19 (47.5%) were male. Median NIHSS score was 16 (IQR: 13-22). Median ASPECTS score was 9 (IQR: 8-10). The rate of mTICI ≥ 2c after first pass was 53.9% in ITT population (60.0% in per-protocol population) versus 38.5% in the corresponding control population. Functional independence (mRS 0-2) at 90 days was achieved in 61.1% (22/36) in the RapidPulse TM arm and 52.8% (19/36) in the control arm. In the RapidPulse TM arm, no sICH within 24 h and no device-related morbidity or mortality occurred., Conclusion: Preliminary data suggests RapidPulse TM Aspiration System is highly effective and safe for recanalization of large vessel occlusions., Competing Interests: Declaration of conflicting interestsThe authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Published
2024
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42. Hearing Loss and the Affecting Factors in Patients with Fibromyalgia.

Author

Caglar Yagci H, Ozdamar OI, Ertugrul O, Salman CT, and Yagci I

Subjects
Humans, Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous physiology, Audiometry, Pure-Tone, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, Fibromyalgia complications, Fibromyalgia epidemiology, Hearing Loss epidemiology, Hearing Loss etiology, Hearing Loss, Sensorineural diagnosis, Hearing Loss, Sensorineural epidemiology, Hearing Loss, Sensorineural etiology
Abstract

Objective: To find the frequency of hearing loss in newly diagnosed patients with fibromyalgia (FM), and the factors affecting it., Study Design: Descriptive study. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Goztepe Prof. Dr. Suleyman Yalcin City Hospital, Turkey, from March 2021 to November 2022., Methodology: Patients with FM and gender/age matched controls were compared with pure-tone audiometric (PTA), and transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOE) tests after standardised otorhinolaryngologic assessment The subjects were questioned for NSAID uptake and scored with ASAS-NSAID score., Results: There were 33 patients with FM and 32 healthy volunteers. Subjective tinnitus, dizziness, and hearing loss rate in the FM group were 12%, 18%, and 15%, respectively. PTA air and bone conduction studies yielded significant differences between the control and FM group (p<0.05). The statistical difference was pronounced in higher frequencies. TEOE tests showed the FM group had significantly lower scores when compared to the control group at 3000 Hz and 4000 Hz (p<0.05). The median ASAS-NSAID scores were 0 for the control group and 7.78 for the FM group (p <0.001)., Conclusion: Patients with FM had high rate of audiometric hearing loss of the sensorineural type. The abnormalities were more prominent in the high frequencies but also present in the low frequencies., Key Words: Fibromyalgia syndrome, Hearing loss, Audiometry, Ototoxicity, Central sensitisation.

Published
2023
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43. First pass results of mechanical thrombectomy with two-drop zone NeVa TM device.

Author

Bajrami A, Ertugrul O, Senadim S, Erdem E, Baltacioglu F, and Geyik S

Abstract

Background: Occlusive thrombi in acute ischemic stroke can be in various types which limits the success of the thrombectomy. The NeVa TM (Vesalio, Nashville, Tennessee) thrombectomy device was originally designed for all types of clot. Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the NeVa TM device for mechanical thrombectomy., Methods: Retrospective review of prospectively collected mechanical thrombectomy database revealed 145 patients who had fullfilled the inclusion criteria. The data collected includes clinical patient characteristics, procedural measures, timestamp at each stage, and patient outcome. IV thrombolytics application, pre and post-intervention imaging findings, device related adverse event and any type of intracranial hemorrhage were recorded., Results: There was female pre-dominance (54.5%). Median presenting national institutes of health stroke scale (NIHSS) was 16 (IQR, 3-32). 88 MCA-m1 (60,6%), 43 ICA-tip (29,6%), 11 MCA-m2 (7,5%), 2 ACA (1,4%) and 1 basilar (0,7%) occlusions were underwent for mechanical thrombectomy. Median procedure time was 25 min (IQR, 7-136). First-pass reperfusion scores were mTICI 0-2a 22.7%, mTICI 2b 23.4%, mTICI 2c 17.9% and mTICI 3 35.9%. Mean number of pass was 1,84 ± 1,14. Final mTICI 2b-3 score was 97.9% and TICI2c-3 score was 87.6%. No device related adverse event occurred. The mean 24-h NIHSS score was 6 (IQR 0-33)., Conclusion: In conclusion, the NeVa thrombectomy device offers a high rate of first-pass success along with favorable safety profile. Larger series and multi-center studies are needed for further investigation.

Published
2022
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44. Audiological and vestibular measurements in Behçet's disease.

Author

Ertugrul O, Mutlu A, Zindanci I, Cam OH, and Ozluoglu L

Subjects
Adult, Audiometry, Pure-Tone, Case-Control Studies, Dizziness diagnosis, Female, Head Impulse Test, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Nystagmus, Pathologic diagnosis, Prospective Studies, Reflex, Vestibulo-Ocular, Risk Factors, Saccades, Semicircular Canals physiopathology, Single-Blind Method, Vestibular Diseases diagnosis, Vestibule, Labyrinth physiopathology, Behcet Syndrome diagnosis, Behcet Syndrome physiopathology, Dizziness etiology, Nystagmus, Pathologic etiology, Vestibular Diseases etiology
Abstract

Introduction: Behçet's disease (BD) is a vasculitis that involves all small vessels and influences the multiple systems of the human body. This study aimed to evaluate the audio-vestibular system involvement of patients with BD and healthy individuals., Materials and Methods: This study was designed as a prospective case-control blinded study. Thirty-one patients with BD and 31 healthy individuals were included. All the subjects were evaluated via pure tone audiometry (PTA), video head impulse test (vHIT), post head shake nystagmus test (PHSNT) and dizziness handicap inventory (DHI) to check for audio-vestibular system involvement., Results: Patients with BD showed higher PTA scores in both speech and high frequencies. The vHIT revealed pathological saccades, particularly in horizontal canals (right ear: p = 0.002, left ear: p = 0.039). The gain values of the patients were slightly lower than those of the control group; however, gain and gain asymmetry differed significantly in a few canals. In the spontaneous nystagmus test and PHSNT, pathological nystagmus was detected to be significantly higher in the patient group than control group (p = 0.001); but the saccade presence in vHIT and nystagmus in PHNT did not differ among the patients (p = 0.106). In addition, the DHI scores of the patients group were higher than those of the control group (p < 0.001). No correlation was found between disease duration and saccade presence., Conclusion: The vHIT was used preliminary for evaluating the vestibular system in BD. This study showed the influence of BD on the audio-vestibular system, in particular isolated horizontal canal involvement was discovered in patients with BD., Level of Evidence: Level III b.

Published
2019
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45. Does Bedside Sonography Effectively Identify Nasogastric Tube Placements in Pediatric Critical Care Patients?

Author

Atalay YO, Aydin R, Ertugrul O, Gul SB, Polat AV, and Paksu MS

Subjects
Child, Critical Care, Double-Blind Method, Humans, Observer Variation, Pilot Projects, Prospective Studies, Enteral Nutrition, Intubation, Gastrointestinal, Point-of-Care Systems, Ultrasonography
Abstract

Background: A nasogastric tube (NGT) insertion is a common procedure in intensive care units, with some serious complications that result from the malposition of the NGT tip. This pilot study was designed to investigate the efficiency of ultrasound in verifying correct NGT placement and to compare these results with radiographic findings., Materials and Methods: This was a single-center, double-blind prospective study of patients who had received an NGT in the pediatric critical care unit. Twenty-one patients aged 1 month to 18 years were included in this study. All NGTs were inserted by the same critical care physician. After insertion, the physician first confirmed NGT placement by the auscultation of the epigastrium following the insufflation of air. Confirmation was supplemented with an abdominal radiograph. A radiologist who was unaware of the radiographic findings performed bedside sonography on all patients and verified the location of the NGTs. The findings from these 2 physicians were then compared., Results: NGTs were inserted without any complications, and none of the NGTs were positioned in the respiratory tract in any of the patients. All NGT tips were visualized by radiography and sonography with a sensitivity of 100%., Conclusion: Bedside sonography performed by a radiologist is an effective and sensitive diagnostic procedure for confirming the correct NGT position in patients in the pediatric critical care unit.

Published
2016
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46. Y-chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre.

Author

Cinar Kul B, Bilgen N, Lenstra JA, Korkmaz Agaoglu O, Akyuz B, and Ertugrul O

Subjects
Adaptation, Biological, Animals, DNA, Mitochondrial genetics, Founder Effect, Genetic Markers, Haplotypes, Male, Molecular Sequence Data, Phylogeography, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Turkey, Animals, Domestic genetics, Breeding, Genetic Variation, Goats genetics, Y Chromosome genetics
Abstract

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male-specific region markers, sex-determining region-Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honamlı, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y-chromosomal variants have a more breed-dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded., (© 2015 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.)

Published
2015
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47. Haplotype variation of estrogen receptor-alpha (ER-alpha) gene exon 4 in Turkish sheep breeds.

Author

Ozmen O, Seker I, Kul BC, and Ertugrul O

Subjects
Animals, Breeding, Exons, Turkey, Estrogen Receptor alpha genetics, Haplotypes genetics, Mutation, Sheep, Domestic genetics
Abstract

Estrogen receptor a (ERalpha) gene has previously been found to related with sexual development and reproduction. In this study, on the basis of the sequences of human, cattle and caprine estrogen receptor a (ERalpha) genes, available in the GenBank database, sets of PCR primers were designed and used to amplify the ovine ERalpha gene exon 4 region. We identified six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the ERalpha exon 4. Some variations determined for exon 4 g.43A > G, p.T43A; g.49C > T, p.L49F; g.178A > T, p.T178S led to changes in the amino acids, but no amino acid changes were determined in g. 18G > C, g.27C > T, g.96G > A. These fragments were deposited in the GenBank database under accession number: JF262030-JF262035. It was noted in particular that White Karaman and Awassi breeds were similar to each other, whereas the Chios breed had a different variation.

Published
2012

48. Prevalence of Subclinical Hypothyroidism among Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction.

Author

Ertugrul O, Ahmet U, Asim E, Gulcin HE, Burak A, Murat A, Sezai YS, Biter HI, and Hakan DM

Abstract

Introduction. Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is defined as a serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level above the upper limit of normal despite normal levels of serum free thyroxine. There is growing evidence that SCH is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. We tried to investigate prevalence of SCH in acute myocardial infarction patients. Methods and Results. We evaluate free T3, free T4, and TSH levels of 604 patients (age 58.4) retrospectively, who have been admitted to the coronary intensive care unit between years 2004-2009 with the diagnosis of ST elevation (STEMI) or non-ST elevation acute myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). Mild subclinical hypothyroidism (TSH 4.5 to 9.9 mU/l) was present in 54 (8.94%) participants and severe subclinical hypothyroidism (TSH 10.0 to 19.9 mU/l) in 11 (1.82%). So 65 patients (10.76%) had TSH levels between 4.5 and 20. Conclusions. In conclusion, 65 patients (10.76%) had TSH levels between 4.5 and 20 in our study, and it is a considerable amount. Large-scale studies are needed to clarify the effects of SCH on myocardial infarction both on etiologic and prognostic grounds.

Published
2011
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49. Comparison of bioactive coils and bare platinum coils for treatment of intracranial aneurysms: a matched-pair analysis.

Author

Geyik S, Ertugrul O, Yavuz K, Geyik P, Saatci I, and Cekirge HS

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Cerebral Angiography, Coated Materials, Biocompatible, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Intracranial Aneurysm diagnostic imaging, Male, Matched-Pair Analysis, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Treatment Outcome, Embolization, Therapeutic instrumentation, Embolization, Therapeutic methods, Intracranial Aneurysm therapy, Platinum, Polyglycolic Acid
Abstract

Object: The primary goal of this matched-pair analysis was to evaluate the durability of the treatment results with Cerecyte coils in comparison with that of bare platinum coils in terms of angiographic occlusion rates at follow-up., Methods: Eighty aneurysms treated with Cerecyte coils were included in this study to carry out a matched-pair analysis. Every aneurysm treated with Cerecyte coils was matched with an aneurysm treated with bare platinum coils. Matching of the aneurysms was done according to the aneurysm size, location, neck size, initial occlusion grade, and clinical presentation., Results: The initial treatment results were similar in both groups as part of a matching protocol. Subgroup analysis revealed a significant difference in the durability of occlusion in aneurysms that showed Raymond Class I obliteration on follow-up angiograms (69 [86.2%] in the Cerecyte group vs 51 [63.8%] in the control group, p = 0.002). Further thrombosis to Raymond Class I occlusions was higher in the Cerecyte group (17 [77.3%] of 22 vs 8 [36.4%] of 22 aneurysms)., Conclusions: Cerecyte coils provide further thrombosis and more durable results than bare platinum coils following coil embolization of cerebral aneurysms.

Published
2010
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50. Large-scale mitochondrial DNA analysis of the domestic goat reveals six haplogroups with high diversity.

Author

Naderi S, Rezaei HR, Taberlet P, Zundel S, Rafat SA, Naghash HR, el-Barody MA, Ertugrul O, and Pompanon F

Subjects
Animals, Evolution, Molecular, Genetics, Population, Haplotypes, Mitochondria, Models, Biological, Models, Genetic, Phylogeny, Polymorphism, Genetic, Species Specificity, DNA, Mitochondrial genetics, Genetic Variation, Goats genetics
Abstract

Background: From the beginning of domestication, the transportation of domestic animals resulted in genetic and demographic processes that explain their present distribution and genetic structure. Thus studying the present genetic diversity helps to better understand the history of domestic species., Methodology/principal Findings: The genetic diversity of domestic goats has been characterized with 2430 individuals from all over the old world, including 946 new individuals from regions poorly studied until now (mainly the Fertile Crescent). These individuals represented 1540 haplotypes for the HVI segment of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region. This large-scale study allowed the establishment of a clear nomenclature of the goat maternal haplogroups. Only five of the six previously defined groups of haplotypes were divergent enough to be considered as different haplogroups. Moreover a new mitochondrial group has been localized around the Fertile Crescent. All groups showed very high haplotype diversity. Most of this diversity was distributed among groups and within geographic regions. The weak geographic structure may result from the worldwide distribution of the dominant A haplogroup (more than 90% of the individuals). The large-scale distribution of other haplogroups (except one), may be related to human migration. The recent fragmentation of local goat populations into discrete breeds is not detectable with mitochondrial markers. The estimation of demographic parameters from mismatch analyses showed that all groups had a recent demographic expansion corresponding roughly to the period when domestication took place. But even with a large data set it remains difficult to give relative dates of expansion for different haplogroups because of large confidence intervals., Conclusions/significance: We propose standard criteria for the definition of the different haplogroups based on the result of mismatch analysis and on the use of sequences of reference. Such a method could be also applied for clarifying the nomenclature of mitochondrial haplogroups in other domestic species.

Published
2007
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