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Neurodegenerative diseases are characterised by neuronal loss and abnormal deposition of pathological proteins in the nervous system. Among the most common neurodegenerative diseases are Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), Huntington’s disease and transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs). Sleep and circadian rhythm disturbances are one of the most common symptoms in patients with neurodegenerative diseases. Currently, one of the main objectives in the study of TSEs is to try to establish an early diagnosis, as clinical signs do not appear until the damage to the central nervous system is very advanced, which prevents any therapeutic approach. In this paper, we provide the first description of sleep disturbance caused by classical scrapie in clinical and preclinical sheep using polysomnography compared to healthy controls. Fifteen sheep classified into three groups, clinical, preclinical and negative control, were analysed. The results show a decrease in total sleep time as the disease progresses, with significant changes between control, clinical and pre-clinical animals. The results also show an increase in sleep fragmentation in clinical animals compared to preclinical and control animals. In addition, sheep with clinical scrapie show a total loss of Rapid Eye Movement sleep (REM) and alterations in Non Rapid Eyes Movement sleep (NREM) compared to control sheep, demonstrating more shallow sleep. Although further research is needed, these results suggest that prion diseases also produce sleep disturbances in animals and that polysomnography could be a diagnostic tool of interest in clinical and preclinical cases of prion diseases.

Hox proteins, a sub-group of the homeodomain (HD) transcription factor family, provide positional information for axial patterning in development and evolution. Hox protein functional specificity is reached, at least in part, through interactions with Pbc (Extradenticle (Exd) in Drosophila) and Meis/Prep (Homothorax (Hth) in Drosophila) proteins. Most of our current knowledge of Hox protein specificity stems from the study of anterior and central Hox proteins, identifying the molecular and structural bases for Hox/Pbc/Meis-Prep cooperative action. Posterior Hox class proteins, Abdominal-B (Abd-B) in Drosophila and Hox9-13 in vertebrates, have been comparatively less studied. They strongly diverge from anterior and central class Hox proteins, with a low degree of HD sequence conservation and the absence of a core canonical Pbc interaction motif. Here we explore how Abd-B function interface with that of Exd/Hth using several developmental contexts, studying mutual expression control, functional dependency and intrinsic protein requirements. Results identify cross-regulatory interactions setting relative expression and activity levels required for proper development. They also reveal organ-specific requirement and a binary functional interplay with Exd and Hth, either antagonistic, as previously reported, or synergistic. This highlights context specific use of Exd/Hth, and a similar context specific use of Abd-B intrinsic protein requirements.

Conflict of interest: No Introduction and Objectives: Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a complication of liver failure whose clinical identification is commonly delayed. Measurement of parameters reflecting HE would be desirable in clinical practice. Metabolomic study using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) represents a strategy in this regard, with advantages such as detecting numerous types of metabolites. Objetive: To characterize the serum metabolomic profile (SMP) of various clinical stages of HE severity using NMR. Patients / Materials and Methods: Observational, cross-sectional, analytical, prospective study. Anthropometric, hematologic, and biochemical parameters were evaluated in patients >18 years: 15 controls (C), 18 hepatopathy without HE (HSHE), 11 minimal HE (HEM), 9 West Haven (WH) I, 12 WHII, 9 WHIII, and 8 WHIV. SMP was analyzed by NMR, characterizing the profile per patient, study group, and analyzed by PLS-DA using MetaboAnalyst 5.0 platform. Results and Discussion: Signals from 45 metabolites were assigned, quantifying 43. PLS-DA showed differences in SMP between groups, with metabolite concentrations decreasing as HE severity increased, except for 3-methylhistidine, which increased with HE severity. Acetone, lysine, glycerol, and serine were higher in C compared to HSHE and HEM; proline, cysteine, threonine, alanine, 3-hydroxybutyrate, and isoleucine were higher in HEM or HSHE compared to WHI and WHII. The metabolite/creatinine index identified 14 metabolites that differentiated the groups (3-methylhistidine, acetone, proline, 3-hydroxybutyrate, lysine, cysteine, threonine, glycerol, glycine, lactate, alanine, serine, valine, and isoleucine). Conclusions: SMP differed among the groups, with metabolites implicated in severe HE including arginine, isoleucine, valine, alanine, histidine, threonine, glycerol, serine, tyrosine, glutamine, phenylalanine, formate, ornithine, tau-methylhistidine, and methionine. Implicated metabolic pathways were phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan; phenylalanine; histidine; glycine, serine, and threonine; glutathione. WH has an objective and measurable explanation using metabolomics.

En esta nota crítica se revisan tres arengas de Jesús Urueta (1867-1920), las cuales, a la distancia, se pueden interpretar como una guía o incluso como un ideario que el orador dictó a la juventud literaria mexicana de principios del siglo XX. Diseminados en revistas y periódicos de la época, los tres discursos que aquí se revisan, de tono solemne y elevado, se pronunciaron en la plaza pública para levantar los ánimos y proponer una forma de estar e incidir en la vida social. Revisar cómo el orador se dirige a los más jóvenes y las ideas que cree pertinentes o, incluso, obligatorias para ellos, además de las formas, temas y motivos que utiliza para que sus propuestas les sean atractivas es el eje rector que aquí se sigue. Además, el enfoque pretende mostrar algunos cambios de postura ideológica de este escritor que formó parte del grupo decadentista y, más tarde, también del Ateneo de la Juventud, al tiempo que reflexiona sobre el carácter de sus arengas.

Introduction: Osteomyoarticular lesions among young people that render services for the defense are related to risk factors. The use of preventive models bases its approach on the identification of risk and development of actions for its prevention. Consent methods are used for their validation and participative models, interpretative and constructivist valuations on their processes back the evaluation of its impact. Objective: To evaluate the relevance of the preventive model for identifying the risk of osteomyoarticular lesions in young adults of an armed institution. Methods: An investigation was carried out on January 2024, which included 16 experts and 125 young adults from Santiago de Cuba province. For the model validation the experts' criteria method was used and for the evaluation of impact, the Guba and Lincoln Fourth Generation Model. Results: With similar percentage values and differences in the cut points, in both rounds, the consent got into groups in the categories of quite appropriate (25.0 %) and very appropriate (75.0 %). The result was interpreted as significant and the validation was concluded. The evaluation of impact in the preventive actions reached strong agreement (Me=8; IC 7-9) and appropriate degree of recommendation with value higher than 70.0 % of consent among assessors. Conclusions: The relevance of the model is demonstrated in the consent that reflects the capacity to guarantee precision when measuring the prospective results and the impact that projects an appropriate degree of recommendation on the proposed actions.

Abstract Recent systematic reviews suggest that pharmacists' interventions in asthma patients have a positive impact on health‐related outcomes. Nevertheless, the association is not well established, and the role of clinical pharmacists is poorly represented. The aim of this overview of systematic reviews is to identify published systematic reviews assessing the impact of pharmacists' interventions on health‐related outcomes measured in asthma patients. PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Library were searched from inception to December 2022. Systematic reviews of all study designs and settings were included. Methodological quality was assessed using AMSTAR 2. Two investigators performed study selection, quality assessment and data collection independently. Nine systematic reviews met the inclusion criteria. Methodological quality was rated as high in one, low in two, and critically low in six. Reviews included 51 primary studies reporting mainly quality of life, asthma control, lung capacity, and therapeutic adherence. Only four studies were carried out in a hospital setting and only two reviews stated the inclusion of severe asthma patients. The quality of the systematic reviews was generally low, and this was the major limitation of this overview of systematic reviews. However, solid evidence supports that pharmaceutical care improves health‐related outcomes in asthma patients.

Considering the applicability and added value of acetylated starches, it is necessary to find technological variants to obtain them with favorable technical-economic results and energetic and environmental compatibility. The objective of the work is to optimize economic and dynamic indicators of profitability of acetylated starch production, by considering as optimization criteria the productive capacity, the degree of substitution and the temperature of the drying air, establishing the design of the installation in optimal conditions. Technologies adopted from the mechanized native starch processes were selected, and the design and development of the slurry heating, acetylation, and pneumatic drying stages were proposed. A composite central experimental design was generated for profit (P), net present value (NPV), and internal rate of return (IRR), and the quadratic models obtained through the Response Surface Methodology were optimized. For the evaluation of the indicators, the economic indexes of the process were determined, after technological selection, material and energy balances, and technological design. The optimum operating parameters are achieved at a production capacity of 12.57 tcassava/d, degree of substitution of 0.505 and 124.98 °C in the air supply to the pneumatic dryer. Under these conditions, the production of acetylated starch requires larger volume acetylators than for acetylated gelatinized starch process, but the technological requirements of gelatinized pulp are eliminated, achieving remarkable energy efficiency with pneumatic drying.

El objetivo del presente artículo es analizar los cambios vía reformas laborales en México que advierten que el mundo laboral se enmarca en una cuestión social y política. Además, se plantea que estas modificaciones jurídicas podrían garantizar un nuevo esquema de justicia laboral y reducir las brechas de desigualdad. Para ello, se describen los cambios a la Ley Federal del Trabajo a partir de las negociaciones comerciales del T-MEC, en especial, el capítulo 23 y anexo 23. Se concluye que hay un esquema novedoso de justicia social, que recupera reivindicaciones históricas laborales. Sin embargo, se deben de establecer mecanismos claros de supervisión y control sobre elementos que todavía siguen presentándose, como la informalidad, el reconocimiento a trabajos atípicos, outsourcing, la alta rotación en el sector manufacturero y, dentro de las relaciones políticas de poder, el riesgo de conformar un neocorporativismo.

The model organism Drosophila melanogaster has become a focal system for investigations of rapidly evolving genital morphology as well as the development and functions of insect reproductive structures. To follow up on a previous paper outlining unifying terminology for the structures of the male terminalia in this species, we offer here a detailed description of the female terminalia of D. melanogaster. Informative diagrams and micrographs are presented to provide a comprehensive overview of the external and internal reproductive structures of females. We propose a collection of terms and definitions to standardize the terminology associated with the female terminalia in D. melanogaster and we provide a correspondence table with the terms previously used. Unifying terminology for both males and females in this species will help to facilitate communication between various disciplines, as well as aid in synthesizing research across publications within a discipline that has historically focused principally on male features. Our efforts to refine and standardize the terminology should expand the utility of this important model system for addressing questions related to the development and evolution of animal genitalia, and morphology in general.

Summary: Background: Lead exposure is a worldwide health risk despite substantial declines in blood lead levels following the leaded gasoline phase-out. For the first time, to our knowledge, we aimed to estimate the global burden and cost of intelligence quotient (IQ) loss and cardiovascular disease mortality from lead exposure. Methods: In this modelling study, we used country blood lead level estimates from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019. We estimated IQ loss (presented as estimated loss in IQ points with 95% CIs) in the global population of children younger than 5 years using the blood lead level–IQ loss function from an international pooled analysis. We estimated the cost of IQ loss, which was calculated only for the proportion of children expected to enter the labour force, as the present value of loss in lifetime income from the IQ loss (presented as cost in US dollars and percentage of gross domestic product with a range). We estimated cardiovascular deaths (with 95% CIs) due to lead exposure among people aged 25 years or older using a health impact model that captures the effect of lead exposure on cardiovascular disease mortality that is mediated through mechanisms other than hypertension. Finally, we used values of statistical life to estimate the welfare cost of premature mortality (presented as cost in US dollars and percentage of GDP). All estimates were calculated by World Bank income classification and region (for low-income and middle-income countries [LMICs] only) for 2019. Findings: We estimated that children younger than 5 years lost 765 million (95% CI 443–1098) IQ points and that 5 545 000 (2 305 000–8 271 000) adults died from cardiovascular disease in 2019 due to lead exposure. 729 million of the IQ points lost (95·3% of the total global IQ loss) and 5 004 000 (90·2% of total) cardiovascular disease deaths due to lead exposure occurred in LMICs. IQ loss in LMICs was nearly 80% higher than a previous estimate. Cardiovascular disease deaths were six times higher than the GBD 2019 estimate. The global cost of lead exposure was US$6·0 trillion (range 2·6–9·0) in 2019, which was equivalent to 6·9% (3·1–10·4) of the global gross domestic product. 77% (range 70–78) of the cost was the welfare cost of cardiovascular disease mortality, and 23% (22–30) was the present value of future income losses from IQ loss. Interpretation: Our findings suggest that global lead exposure has health and economic costs at par with PM2·5 air pollution. However, much work remains to improve the quality of blood lead level measurement data, especially in LMICs. Funding: The Korea Green Growth Trust Fund and the World Bank's Pollution Management and Environmental Health Program.

Introduction: For a community densely populated with high epidemiologic risk, infectious diseases could present a quick spreading. Objective: To describe the clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of suspicious and confirmed patients with COVID-19 during the quarantine. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study of 62 suspicious and confirmed patients with COVID-19 who were in quarantine was carried out, belonging to the Santa Bárbara neighborhood in Santiago de Cuba, from January to February, 2021. The information was obtained from the epidemiologic surveys. The following variables were analyzed: age, sex, comorbidities, type of case, clinical state, result of the PCR, type of contact, signs and symptoms. Results: There was a prevalence of the female sex (59.7 %) and elderly over 60 years (32.3 %). Among the comorbidities, hypertension (40.3 %) had the greater frequency. There was a 67.3 % of symptomatic non confirmed patients. Suspicious patients with home contacts stood out with 82,1 %. Between the signs and symptoms, fever (41.2 %) and diarrhea (40 %) prevailed among those confirmed. All the asymptomatic patients were positive to the virus (100.0 %). Conclusion: The main clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of the suspicious and confirmed patients with COVID-19 in quarantine were presented to a great extent, which became an important instrument to adopt decisions in scenarios of high epidemiologic risk.

Introduction: The new coronavirus specimen (COVID-19), has generated scenarios of sanitary emergencies in many countries from all continents. Objective: To characterize the variability of the PCR evolutionary results in patients with COVID-19. Methods: An observational, descriptive, prospective and cross-sectional study was carried out in 68 patients with COVID-19 (children and adults from both sexes) admitted in Dr. Joaquín Castillo Duany Military Hospital in Santiago de Cuba, from March 12th to April 30th, 2020. To collect the virological, the nasal and pharyngeal use of isotope was carried out, which analysis of PCR-RT was processed in the territorial reference center. Management, social, demographic and epidemiological variables were included, among others. Results: Female sex prevailed in the series (52.9 %). Two PCR-RT fast tests were made to all the patients, through their clinical course, 40.0 % of the children and 10.0 % of the aged patients requiered a third virological test. In the second and third third of the clinical and epidemiological observation period, the report of the result averaged 1.5 days (SD ± 0.6) and 3.2 days (SD±1.6), respectively. After 15 days of treatment there were active positive cases in all populational groups; likewise 60.0 % of those with viral charge between 16-20 days were asymptomatic, as the 66.7 % of those with more than 20 days under medication. Conclusions: Independently from the age and duration of the medical treatment, some patients remained with detectable viral charge. It is not adviced to discharge patients without a negative PCR-RT, above all for asympthomatic cases, in whom the evolutionary clinical course has been less favorable.

El presente documento tiene como objetivo analizar, desde una mirada latinoamericana y a partir del contexto laboral, las nuevas relaciones que guardan el trabajador y sus formas contemporáneas de organización, negociación y reivindicación. Estas tienden a sujetarse a estándares de los mercados globales y del régimen neoliberal, la cual están sustentadas en la competitividad y el abaratamiento de la mano de obra. Se habla sobre este escenario laboral-productivo-organizacional dinamizando los mercados globales entre sí, facilitando las formas de inserción laboral y comercialización de la producción, sin embargo, se percibe una acentuación en las rupturas en las trayectorias laborales y una disolución de formas tradicionales de organización de trabajadores. La guía metodológica para el objetivo central de este escrito está sustentada en los marcos conceptuales sobre sindicalismo, organización del trabajo y acción colectiva, teniendo como marco territorial y temporal a México en la etapa neoliberal. El análisis se hace a partir de autores como Charles Tilly (2014), Alberto Melluci (1994) y Robert Castel (2010) y para el caso mexicano Enrique De la Garza (1993,2011,2014), Graciela Bensusán (2010) y Edtih Kuri (2016). A manera de conclusión se sostiene que, a la par los trabajos tradicionales y atípicos, son nuevas formas de organización y de identificación del trabajador, más allá del sindicalismo tradicional, conformando imaginativamente acciones colectivas que irradien más allá de los espacios laborales.

Introducción: El incremento exponencial de casos confirmados con el nuevo coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 obligó a las autoridades de la Organización Mundial de la Salud a declarar como pandemia esta emergencia sanitaria. Objetivo: Caracterizar a niños y adultos confirmados con la COVID-19 desde los puntos de vista clínico y epidemiológico. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal de 74 pacientes confirmados con la COVID-19, quienes estuvieron ingresados en el Hospital Clinicoquirúrgico Docente Dr. Joaquín Castillo Duany de Santiago de Cuba, desde marzo hasta mayo de 2020. Los datos se obtuvieron de las historias clínicas de los afectados. Entre las variables analizadas figuraron: edad, sexo, letalidad, estado al egreso, lugar de procedencia de los casos e inicio de síntomas de la COVID-19 antes del ingreso hospitalario. Resultados: Se halló un predominio del sexo masculino (52,7 %). Hubo una tendencia al ingreso hospitalario de pacientes asintomáticos confirmados, de ellos 50,0 % del grupo de 1 a 17 años de edad; 94,5 % de los afectados egresaron vivos de la institución. Ningún niño fue notificado como grave o crítico. La tos (60,0 %), la fiebre (34,5 %) y la falta de aire (21,8 %) fueron las manifestaciones clínicas más referidas. Conclusiones: Con un enfoque biosocial se informa una primera experiencia en la atención a pacientes confirmados con la COVID-19 en Santiago de Cuba. El diagnóstico clínico y epidemiológico favoreció a registrar la mayor incidencia de esta enfermedad en adultos jóvenes sintomáticos e identificar otros pacientes que transmitieron el virus sin manifestar síntomas.

Introducción: En 2020 se observó un crecimiento exponencial y acelerada expansión de la COVID-19. Cuba contaba con 20 hospitales dispuestos para la atención médica, unas 5 000 camas de hospitalización y 477 camas de terapia intensiva. Objetivo: Describir el costo de los principales servicios asistenciales y de aseguramiento logístico durante la respuesta a la COVID-19. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y prospectivo en 363 pacientes, entre el 12 de marzo y el 30 mayo de 2020. Las variables estudiadas fueron el día paciente, día cama, medicamentos, insumos médicos, alimentos, ropería, costo por salario y energía eléctrica consumida. Para la obtención del costo total de un día paciente, se sumaron los costos fijos y variables, expresados en pesos cubanos CUP. Resultados: En la sala de pacientes sospechosos, se observó un número alto de días pacientes (14 578) y un número bajo de días camas (5 976). El costo promedio por salario fue mayor en enfermería (226,2 CUP). Los medicamentos generaron un elevado costo (35,6 %). En abril se registró el mayor consumo de electricidad (36,6 %) y un costo de 18 071,1 CUP. En relación al total de días paciente, se observó un aumento de los costos fijos (87,30 %) sobre los variables. Conclusiones: El análisis del costo del día paciente durante la epidemia de la COVID-19 permitió detallar, por salas de hospitalización, cuánto varían los gastos entre servicios asistenciales y de aseguramiento logístico, así como las diferencias entre los costos fijos y variables.

Introducción: El neumotórax catamenial es aquel neumotórax espontáneo y recurrente que se presenta relacionado con el ciclo menstrual. Más frecuente en mujeres con edad fértil por encima de los 30 años de edad y a predominio del hemitórax derecho. El diagnóstico primario es difícil y el tratamiento que mejores resultados registra es la cirugía por técnicas de mínimo acceso, asociada a tratamiento hormonal. Objetivo: Presentar un caso de neumotórax catamenial, sus características clínicas y el procedimiento videotoracoscópico empleado. Caso clínico: Paciente de 48 años de edad, con antecedentes de dolor torácico y tos al inicio de la menstruación. Además, dos neumotórax espontáneos derechos anteriores. Ingresó de urgencia con el diagnóstico de neumotórax espontáneo derecho. Se realizó biopsia, frenorrafia y pleurodesis por videotoracoscopía. Conclusiones: Los elementos clínicos y radiológicos inducen a pensar en el diagnóstico de neumotórax catamenial, apoyado por la presencia de fenestraciones diafragmáticas y la no reaparición del cuadro de neumotórax después del cierre de los defectos diafragmáticos y el tratamiento satisfactorio con pleurodesis con talco, por cirugía de mínimo acceso.

Sampling distributions are fundamental for statistical inference, yet their abstract nature poses challenges for students. This research investigates the development of high school students' conceptions of sampling distribution through informal significance tests with the aid of digital technology. The study focuses on how technological tools contribute to forming these conceptions, guided by an emerging theory that describes this process. A workshop for high school students was organized, involving 36 participants working in pairs across four sessions, each with access to a computer. These sessions involved problem-solving activities, with the teacher introducing key concepts in the initial three sessions. The analysis, employing grounded theory, aimed to characterize the nature of students' conceptions of sampling distribution as evident in their responses. The findings reveal a transition from empirical to informal conceptions of sampling distribution among students, facilitated by computational mediation. This transition is marked by an abstraction process that includes mathematization, processing, uncertainty/randomness, and conditional reasoning. The study underscores the role of digital simulations in teaching statistical concepts, facilitating students' conceptual shift critical for grasping statistical inference.

El presente artículo analiza las formas de interacción y gestión de los clubes de migrantes sinaloenses y su impacto socioeconómico en sus lugares de origen. En primera instancia se analiza el desempeño del Club San José, que apoyado por la Fraternidad Sinaloense en California, tiene un impacto social de manera transnacional a través de prácticas y vínculos comunitarios. En el segundo apartado, se analiza la Fraternidad Elotense en California, que amparados bajo las iniciativas de los presidentes municipales en turno y bajo el esquema del programa 3x1, desarrollan inversiones de infraestructura local en beneficio de la localidad de origen, sobrepasando el principio fundacional del grupo de migrantes organizados que reside en mantener viva las actividades comunitarias de forma transnacional.

Ante el incremento de la presencia humana y sus actividades productivas en áreas naturales protegidas, se planteó el objetivo de caracterizar el sistema de producción ovina, en el Nevado de Toluca, con información agrícola, socioeconómica y uso de los recursos de pastoreo. Un total de 162 productores fueron entrevistados, se analizaron 25 variables con estadística multivariada y univariada. Mediante análisis de componentes principales se obtuvieron seis factores que explican el 71 % de la varianza. El análisis cluster permitió identificar tres grupos de productores: pequeños (28 %), intermedios (35 %) y capitalizados (6 %), diferenciados por el número de animales, superficie cultivada e ingresos (P0.05) y se encontró que los rebaños aportan menos del 30 % del ingreso familiar. El 58 % de los rebaños ingresa al bosque, para realizar pastoreo circulante, pero el 60 % se maneja semi-estabulado. Se concluye que la producción del sistema no depende de la capitalización del productor, pero el rebaño es esencial en la economía familiar, y el manejo de los animales es compatible con los esfuerzos de conservación del área natural protegida.

Animal terminalia represent some of the most diverse and rapidly evolving structures in the animal kingdom, and for this reason have been a mainstay in the taxonomic description of species. The terminalia of Drosophila melanogaster, with its wide range of experimental tools, have recently become the focus of increased interest in the fields of development, evolution, and behavior. However, studies from different disciplines have often used discrepant terminologies for the same anatomical structures. Consequently, the terminology of genital parts has become a barrier to integrating results from different fields, rendering it difficult to determine what parts are being referenced. We formed a consortium of researchers studying the genitalia of D. melanogaster to help establish a set of naming conventions. Here, we present a detailed visual anatomy of male genital parts, including a list of synonymous terms, and suggest practices to avoid confusion when referring to anatomical parts in future studies. The goal of this effort is to facilitate interdisciplinary communication and help newcomers orient themselves within the exciting field of Drosophila genitalia.

Se evaluó el efecto de la inclusión de diferentes niveles (0, 10, 20 y 30 %) de grano seco de destilería con solubles (DDGS), sobre la calidad de la canal y de la carne de conejos en crecimiento, utilizando 56 conejos (Negro Azteca x Chinchilla) de 40 días de edad. Terminado el período de ceba, se sacrificaron 20 conejos (5 por tratamiento) y se determinó la proporción de la canal conformada por las extremidades anteriores, extremidades posteriores, costillas y lomo. Se determinó el peso total de carne, hueso y grasa del lomo, y se calculó la relación carne:hueso para toda la canal. Se realizó la evaluación sensorial de la carne con 46 panelistas que valoraron el olor, color, sabor y textura. En el músculo Longissimus dorsi se determinó el color, evaluando la luminosidad (L*), el índice de rojo (a*) y el índice de amarillos (b*). Además, se evaluó textura mediante medición de la fuerza de ruptura. Los resultados de calidad de la canal y de la carne se analizaron por medio de ANOVA. Los resultados de la evaluación sensorial se evaluaron con estadística no paramétrica. No hubo diferencias (P>0.05) en las mediciones de la canal, características organolépticas ni textura de la carne. El parámetro b* del color de la carne fue mayor (P

Background: Asthma is an inflammatory disease of the airways with symptoms that vary over time and intensity, sometimes leading to disability or even death. Eosinophilic asthma accounts for 25% of cases of severe asthma. It is mediated by eosinophils regulated by interleukin-5 (IL-5), the target of mepolizumab, which has been recently licensed as an add-on treatment of severe refractory eosinophilic asthma. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of mepolizumab in clinical practice. Methods: A multicentre, retrospective, and descriptive study covering a year was conducted in a province of Spain with more than 500,000 inhabitants. Every patient prescribed with mepolizumab since its introduction into the hospital was included in the study. Clinical parameters were collected from the pharmacists’ counselling reports from electronic prescription software and electronic patient records. Effectiveness was assessed as a decrease in the exacerbation frequency and/or a reduction in the use of oral corticosteroids (OCS) compared to the previous year. Results: A total of 25 patients were studied, but only 23 could be evaluated by the cut-off date. A decrease in the exacerbation frequency was observed in 19 (82.6%) patients, 11 of them without any exacerbation during the treatment. A relative reduction of 87% in the exacerbation rate per year was obtained. A total of 15 patients were on regular OCS – 9 patients (60%) reduced their average dose, whilst 4 (26.7%) patients completely abandoned OCS. Safety was evaluated based on reported adverse effects. Adverse events were observed in 12 patients, the most common being headache, arthralgia, and dizziness/nausea. Conclusion: Mepolizumab has been shown to be effective based on the high decrease in the exacerbation frequency and reduced use of OCS. Reported adverse effects were mostly mild and appeared in half of the patients; some of the adverse events had not been previously described in pivotal trials.

Introducción: Los investigadores advierten de la existencia de personas con formas muy graves de la COVID-19. Es notable el reporte de estos enfermos, la existencia de complicaciones favorecedoras de situaciones de amenaza vital y las diferencias hemogasométricas y en otros parámetros bioquímicos. Objetivo: Caracterizar aspectos clínicos, epidemiológicos y humorales de enfermos con la COVID-19 durante su estadía en la unidad de cuidados intensivos. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal en 9 pacientes con la COVID-19 ingresados en la unidad de cuidados intensivos, de marzo a mayo de 2020. Los datos se obtuvieron de las historias clínicas. La información procesada se expresó en frecuencias absolutas y porcientos y los resultados se reflejaron en tablas y gráficos. Entre las variables analizadas figuraron: la edad, sexo, estado clínico y al egreso de los pacientes y la letalidad. Resultados: Predominaron los hombres (77,8 %), las mujeres evolucionaron mejor (33,3 % graves, ninguna crítica). El 88,8 % de los enfermos tenían al menos una enfermedad crónica asociada. El 33,3 % de los pacientes fueron asintomáticos al ingreso, la neumonía grave y el síndrome de distrés respiratorio agudo, fueron la causa más frecuente de complicación. Conclusiones: Los pacientes fueron mayoría del sexo masculino y todos los críticos fueron de este sexo; con proporciones similares en los grupos etarios; con comorbilidades, el mayor porcentaje, fundamentalmente hipertensión arterial; al ingreso presentaron tos, fiebre, disnea y decaimiento. Todos los críticos demoraron 4 días o más en solicitar asistencia médica. El motivo de ingreso a cuidados intensivos fue la neumonía grave/ síndrome de dificultad respiratoria del adulto.

Introduction: Researchers warn of people with severe forms of COVID-19. It is notable the report of these patients, the existence of complications favoring life-threatening situations and the hemogasometric differences and in other biochemical parameters. Objective: To characterize clinical, epidemiological and humoral aspects of patients with COVID-19 during their stay in the intensive care unit. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in 9 patients with COVID-19 admitted to the intensive care unit from March to May 2020. Data were obtained from medical records. The processed information was expressed in absolute frequencies and percentages and the results were reflected in tables and graphs. Among the variables analyzed were: age, sex, clinical status and at discharge of the patients and fatality. Results: Men predominated (77,8 %), women evolved better (33,3 % serious, no critical). 88,8 % of the patients had at least one associated chronic disease. 33,3 % of the patients were asymptomatic upon admission, severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome were the most frequent cause of complication. Conclusions: Most of the patients were male and all the critics were male; with similar proportions in age groups; with comorbidities the highest percentage, mainly hypertension; on admission they presented cough, fever, dyspnea and decay; all critical patients took 4 days or more to request medical assistance. The reason for admission to the intensive care unit was severe pneumonia/adult respiratory distress syndrome.

Background: Inflammation is a complex process as a response to several stimuli, such as infection, a chemical irritant, and the attack of a foreign body. Piquerol was isolated from Piqueria trinervia, and its anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using in vivo and in vitro models. Methods: Piquerol is a monoterpene that was identified using NMR, FT-IR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry analysis. The anti-inflammatory activity was tested in vivo in ear edema induced with TPA in mice. Piquerol was also tested on J774A.1 macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and the levels of NO, NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 were determined using ELISA. Results: The results show that piquerol diminished ear edema (66.19%). At 150.51 µM, it also inhibited the levels of NO (31.7%), TNF-α (49.8%), IL-1β (69.9%), IL-6 (47.5%), and NF-κB (26.7%), and increased the production of IL-10 (62.3%). Piquerol has a membrane stabilization property in erythrocyte, and at 100 µg/mL, the membrane protection was of 86.17%. Conclusions: Piquerol has anti-inflammatory activity, and its possible mechanism of action is through the inhibition of pro-inflammatory mediators. This compound could be a candidate in the development of new drugs to treat inflammatory problems.

Introducción:La rápida expansión de la COVID-19 hizo que la Organización Mundial de la Salud, el 30 de enero de 2020, la declarara emergencia sanitaria,reconociéndola como pandemia el 11 de marzo del mismo año. Objetivo: Describir la evolución clínica de un paciente de Santiago de Cuba, hipertenso, afectado por la COVID-19. Caso clínico:Se trata de un paciente de 49 años de edad, hipertenso, afectado por la COVID-19, el cual sufrió graves complicaciones. Conclusión: Con el tratamiento intensivo, la estrategia ventilatoria y de anticoagulación empleadas, evolucionó favorablemente hasta su egreso hospitalario.

Introduction: The rapid expansion of COVID-19 caused the World Health Organization, on January 30, 2020, to declare it a health emergency and recognized it as a pandemic on March 11 of the same year. Objective: To describe the clinical evolution of a hypertensive patient, affected by COVID-19. Clinical case: This is a 49-year-old patient, hypertensive, affected by COVID-19, treated at the Dr. "Joaquín Castillo Duany" Military Hospital, who during his stay in the intensive care unit, suffered serious complications such as: acute respiratory distress syndrome, pneumonia associated with mechanical artificial ventilation, and pulmonary thromboembolism. The delay in going to the hospital, arterial hypertension, and previous treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, were among the variables present in this patient, which possibly had a negative impact on his evolution. Conclusion: With intensive treatment, the ventilatory and anticoagulation strategy used, evolved favorably until his hospital discharge.

The study was undertaken to assess yield and herbage quality of two mixed short-term pastures of grass, oat, and vetch during the winter dry season for grazing low yielding dairy cows. The mixed pastures were termed as conventional (CON) and experimental (EXP) mixtures. CON was annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum cv. Westerwolds), common oat (Avena sativa cv. Chihuahua) and common vetch (Vicia sativa), and EXP was festulolium (Lolium multiflorum × Festuca pratensis cv. Spring Green), black oat (Avena strigosa cv. Saia), and winter vetch (Vicia villosa cv. Naomi). Eight low yielding Holstein cows with 462.4±43.16 kg live weight, 3.4±0.1 body condition score, milk yield of 5.1±1.7 kg/cow/day, and 135.2±88.4 days in milk were continuously grazed 4 cows/ha. A double cross-over design with 4 experimental periods was followed for animal variables. There was a significant change in net herbage accumulation on pastures between experimental periods; and no differences in animal variables. There were no significant effects in animal variables, but milk yields increased two-fold from pre-experimental yields indicating the potential of quality pastures to improve productivity in small-scale dairy systems.

Background: epilepsy is one of the most frequent neurological diseases and almost 30 % of patients who suffer from it do not get control with classic antiepileptic drugs. Objective: to characterize prescription patterns of new antiepileptic drugs. Methods: a descriptive and cross-section study about use of medicines, of prescription-indication type with elements of therapeutic scheme was conducted. The study universe was composed of 300 patients and all of them were included on the research. The following variables were studied: group of age, associations, indications and interval of administration. Results: use of vigabatrin and lamotrigine prevailed in children and patients with diagnosis of epilepsy. Use of Gabapentin was more frequent in adults and neuropathic pain. Vigabatrin and lamotrigine were mainly used in associations with classical antiepileptic drugs, being valproate the drug more used on it. Gabapentin was only used alone. There were mistakes on intervals of administration of all studied drugs. Conclusions: prescription of new antiepileptic drugs was adequate in most cases. Identified mistakes were related to intervals of administration. DeCS: ANTICONVULSANTS/administration&dosage; MEDICATION ERRORS; PRESCRIPTION DRUGS; EPIDEMIOLOGY, DESCRIPTIVE; EPILEPSY/drug therapy.

El objetivo fue identificar variables que describen al productor y a la unidad de producción, así como factores cognoscitivos y sociales que influyen en el uso de praderas cultivadas por productores de leche en pequeña escala. La muestra (n=106) se dividió en productores que hacen uso de la innovación (Grupo 1, n= 55) y en productores que no la usan (Grupo 2, n= 51). Los datos se analizaron con la prueba de Mann Withney y la Teoría del Comportamiento Planeado. El uso de praderas cultivadas se vio influenciado por las variables que describen al productor y a la unidad de producción, como se observó en el Grupo 1. Este grupo presentó una mayor proporción de productores (60 %) que indicaron una intención positiva para usar praderas cultivadas, comparado con el 36 % de los productores del Grupo 2. Los productores de ambos grupos percibieron de forma similar la utilidad e importancia del uso de praderas cultivadas; sin embargo, la intención de los productores del Grupo 1 presentó una correlación significativa (P

Objectives. To estimate the prevalence of unsuspected anxiety or depression in prostate cancer patients and their spouses, as well as factors involved in its onset. Materials and Methods. A prospective study of 184 patients and 137 spouses evaluated in our hospital during 2019 using the Memorial Anxiety Scale for Prostate Cancer (MAX-PC), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Patient Health Questionnaire depression module (PHQ-9). This study provides an internal validity assessment of the scales and their correlation (alpha and rho coefficients; index r). The contributions of age, education level, months after diagnosis, pain, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, stage of the disease and treatment performed to the positivity of the questionnaires were studied using the Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney and chi-square tests. Results. The prevalence of anxiety was 10.9% (MAX-PC) and 28.3% (MAX-PC-PSA). The HADS-A questionnaire indicated pathology in 14.1% of the patients and 16.05% of the spouses. Depression was detected in 7% (HADS-D) and 9.2% (PHQ-9) of patients as well as in 8.8% (HADS-D) and 16.05% (PHQ-9) of their spouses. The greatest concordance between men and women was with the PHQ-9 (Spearman’s rho: 0.78; p=0.01). Education level is significantly related to the presence of anxiety and depression, regardless of the questionnaire applied. The probability of detecting pathology in the MAX-PC varied from 6% in patients with elementary education to 23.5% in university students (p=0.04). The greatest differences were detected when applying the PHQ-9 to patients (4% pathological, elementary education vs. 35.3% pathological, university education). Our study confirms the lack of a relationship between rates of anxiety and depression and factors such as PSA level, age of the patient and number of comorbidities. Conclusion. There is a high prevalence of unsuspected anxiety and depression in patients with prostate cancer and their wives. Education level correlates with such prevalence.

El presente documento analiza, a partir de los estudio del transnacionalismo, los mecanismo y estrategias implementados por parte de clubes de migrantes para mantener las relaciones sociales, religiosas, políticas, familiares y económicas entre las comunidades de migrantes y las sociedades de origen: Para ello se toma como caso de estudio al Club transnacional San José. El análisis de este club muestra como las relaciones y vínculos entre familiares y comunidad van se expandiéndose al incluir estrategias organizativas y liderazgos que concluyen en proyectos de infraestructura social y servicios comunitarios. Esto refleja la formación y operatividad de un sólido capital social, que de manera procesal define las identidades del sujeto migrante con bases a la intervención en la localidad de origen; Agua Verde, Sinaloa. Como estrategia metodológica se implementó un enfoque cualitativo mediante la revisión documental, tomando como eje analítico el trasnacionalismo, capital social y habitus. Asimismo, se recurrió a entrevistas personales en dicha comunidad migrante para documentar los vínculos y el reconocimiento identitario de los migrantes.

Se realizó una investigación de casos y controles de pacientes adultos ingresados en el Hospital Provincial Docente Dr. Joaquín Castillo Duany de Santiago de Cuba, durante 5 meses del 2017, con el propósito de estimar el efecto de determinados factores de riesgo como modificadores de la estadía hospitalaria, así como la magnitud del impacto en la potencial reducción del grado de exposición a estos. El grupo de estudio fue conformado por 40 pacientes y el de control por 80. Predominaron las lesiones osteomioarticulares en ambos grupos (con un total de 23,3 %); en tanto, para los casos resultó más frecuente una estadía hospitalaria de 13 días y para los controles fue igual o superior a los 7 días como promedio. Entre los factores de riesgo fueron definidos, con un nivel de confianza de 95 %, la edad superior a los 65 años (OR: 4; IC 95 %: 1,2-17), la ocurrencia de episodios adversos (OR: 26; IC 95 %: 8,1-80,3) y los retrasos en las decisiones médicas (OR: 19; IC 95 %: 4-89). Pudo concluirse que el diseño epidemiológico permitió establecer relaciones de causalidad en la prolongación de la estadía hospitalaria y cuantificar la magnitud de su reducción si se controlan o eliminan los riesgos.

Context: A previous study demonstrated that the chloroform extract of Salvia connivens Epling (Lamiaceae) has anti-inflammatory activity. Objective: Identification of the active components in the dicholorometane extract (DESC), and, standardization of the extract based in ursolic acid. Material and methods: DESC was prepared by percolation with dichlromethane and after washed with hot hexane, its composition was determined by CG-MS and NMR, and standardized by HPLC. The anti-inflammatory activity was tested on acute TPA-induced mouse ear oedema at doses of 2.0 mg/ear. The cell viability of macrophages was evaluated by MTT method, and pro- and anti-inflammatory interleukin levels were measured using an ELISA kit. Results: Ursolic acid, oleanolic acid, dihydroursolic acid and eupatorin were identified in DESC, which was standardized based on the ursolic acid concentration (126 mg/g). The anti-inflammatory activities of DESC, the acid mixture, and eupatorin (2 mg/ear) were 60.55, 57.20 and 56.40% inhibition, respectively, on TPA-induced ear oedema. The IC50 of DESC on macrophages was 149.4 μg/mL. DESC (25 μg/mL) significantly reduced TNF-α (2.0-fold), IL-1β (2.2-fold) and IL-6 (2.0-fold) in macrophages stimulated with LPS and increased the production of IL-10 (1.9-fold). Discussion: Inflammation is a basic response to injuries, and macrophages are involved in triggering inflammation. Macrophage cells exhibit a response to LPS, inducing inflammatory mediators, and DESC inhibits the biosynthesis of the pro-inflammatory and promote anti-inflammatory cytokines. Conclusion: DESC has an anti-inflammatory effect; reduced the levels of IL-1β, Il-6 and TNF-α; and increases IL-10 in macrophages stimulated with LPS. Ursolic acid is a good phytochemical marker.

Objective: To analyze the outcomes of a medication reconciliation process at admission in the hospital setting. To assess the role of the Pharmacist in detecting reconciliation errors and preventing any adverse events entailed. Method: A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the medication reconciliation activity during the previous six months. The study included those patients for whom an apparently not justified discrepancy was detected at admission, after comparing the hospital medication prescribed with the home treatment stated in their clinical hospital records. Those patients for whom the physician ordered the introduction of home medication without any specification were also considered. In order to conduct the reconciliation process, the Pharmacist prepared the best pharmacotherapeutical history possible, reviewing all available information about the medication the patient could be taking before admission, and completing the process with a clinical interview. The discrepancies requiring clarification were reported to the physician. It was considered that the reconciliation proposal had been accepted if the relevant modification was made in the next visit of the physician, or within 24-48 hours maximum; this case was then labeled as a reconciliation error. For the descriptive analysis, the Statistics® SPSS program, version 17.0, was used. Outcomes: 494 medications were reconciled in 220 patients, with a mean of 2.25 medications per patient. More than half of patients (59.5%) had some discrepancy that required clarification; the most frequent was the omission of a medication that the patient was taking before admission (86.2%), followed by an unjustified modification in dosing or way of administration (5.9%). In total, 312 discrepancies required clarification; out of these, 93 (29.8%) were accepted and considered as reconciliation errors, 126 (40%) were not accepted, and in 93 cases (29,8%) acceptance was not relevant due to a change in the situation of the patient. The highest opportunities for improvement were identified in the Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine and Surgery Units, and in the following therapeutic groups: blood and hematopoietic organs, cardiovascular system, and nervous system. Conclusions: In our hospital, only a third of interventions were accepted and acknowledged as reconciliation errors. However, the medication reconciliation process conducted at admission by a Pharmacist has proven to be useful in order to identify and prevent medication errors. A better understanding of the cases in which interventions were not accepted could lead to an improvement in outcomes in the future.

Haemonchus contortus affect small ruminants all over the world. Anthelmintics cause resistance, contamination, and a risk of public health. Prosopis laevigata is a plant used as a home remedy against many diseases in Mexico. This study arose from a preliminary study where a P. laevigata hydroalcoholic extract (Pl-hae) showed anthelmintic activity (aa) against H. contortus. Searching for bioactive compounds (bac) with high aa, the Pl-hae was fractioned obtaining an aqueous (Aq-F) and an ethyl acetate fraction (EtAc-F), and a flavonoid with aa identified as isorhamnetin was obtained from EtAc-F. Both fractions were in vitro assessed by the egg hatch test (eht) and larval mortality (lm) assays. The bac obtained from EtAc-F were characterised by NMR analysis. The highest aa were recorded with EtAc-F, resulting in 100% eht and 80.45% lm at 0.75 and 30 mg/mL, respectively. Alterations in eggs and larvae attributed to isorhamnetin were recorded by environmental scanning electron microscopy, confocal laser scanning and by high-resolution digital-coupled camera. This flavonoid caused 100% eht at 0.07 mg/mL after 48 h and 100% lm at 7.5 mg/mL after 72 h exposure. Isorhamnetin has promising potential as an anthelmintic against sheep haemonchosis.

Introduction A wide range of water-related problems contribute to the global burden of disease. Despite the many plausible consequences for health and well-being, there is no validated tool to measure individual- or household-level water insecurity equivalently across varying cultural and ecological settings. Accordingly, we are developing the Household Water Insecurity Experiences (HWISE) Scale to measure household-level water insecurity in multiple contexts.Methods and analysis After domain specification and item development, items were assessed for both content and face validity. Retained items are being asked in surveys in 28 sites globally in which water-related problems have been reported (eg, shortages, excess water and issues with quality), with a target of at least 250 participants from each site. Scale development will draw on analytic methods from both classical test and item response theories and include item reduction and factor structure identification. Scale evaluation will entail assessments of reliability, and predictive, convergent, and discriminant validity, as well as the assessment of differentiation between known groups.Ethics and dissemination Study activities received necessary ethical approvals from institutional review bodies relevant to each site. We anticipate that the final HWISE Scale will be completed by late 2018 and made available through open-access publication. Associated findings will be disseminated to public health professionals, scientists, practitioners and policymakers through peer-reviewed journals, scientific presentations and meetings with various stakeholders. Measures to quantify household food insecurity have transformed policy, research and humanitarian aid efforts globally, and we expect that an analogous measure for household water insecurity will be similarly impactful.

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo hacer un recuento sobre las principales iniciativas en materia de política pública orientadas a programas de coinversión en los últimos 15 años entre los distintos niveles de gobierno en México y las comunidades de origen de migrantes internacionales. Consideramos que los migrantes organizados intervienen junto con el gobierno en sus tres niveles: federal, estatal y municipal, mediante remesas recibidas en sus comunidades de origen. El periodo de estudio comprende de 1998 a 2010, tiempo en el cual se dinamizaron dichos programas. Los programas e iniciativas analizadas permitieron identificar distintos elementos de la interacción de comunidades migrantes con los gobiernos correspondientes, es decir, distintas formas de organización y participación que significan distintos grados de transnacionalismo. La aplicación de estos programas ha quedado lejos de alcanzar las metas esperadas debido a factores que desincentivan la inversión desde las vulnerables organizaciones de migrantes, como la burocracia que entorpece la gestión de recursos, las prácticas políticas clientelistas que dan un sesgo de parcialidad a los recursos, aunado a esto, remesas comunitarias siempre se han orientado más al consumo y subsistencia de las familias migrantes que a la inversión productiva.

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal combinado con enfoques cualitativos, a fin de evaluar la calidad de los exámenes de control parcial aplicados a 30 médicos de primero y segundo años residentes en medicina general integral, que laboraban en el Hospital Clinicoquirúrgico Docente "Dr. Joaquín Castillo Duany" de Santiago de Cuba, durante el año 2014. Se emplearon métodos teóricos, empíricos y de procesamiento estadístico en el análisis de los instrumentos de evaluación. Ambos exámenes teóricos presentaron diferencias y similitudes constatadas a través de indicadores, tales como número de horas asignadas al contenido y cantidad de incisos empleados en la exploración, índice de dificultad por temáticas y preguntas, así como nivel de discriminación y consistencia interna del instrumento, todo lo cual ofreció validez y confiabilidad para el sistema de evaluación del aprendizaje

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal de 89 pacientes fallecidos en el Hospital Provincial Docente “Dr. Joaquín Castillo Duany” de Santiago de Cuba, en los meses de septiembre a noviembre de 2016, con el objetivo de identificar algunos elementos biológicos y epidemiológicos presentes al momento de la muerte, así como la variabilidad en la coincidencia diagnóstica clínico-patológica. En la serie las defunciones fueron más frecuentes en las mujeres (55,0 %), mientras la hipertensión arterial resultó la condición de riesgo predominante (56,0 %) y la bronconeumonía la principal causa de mortalidad hospitalaria. Se observó un mayor número de muertes en los servicios clínicos (87,0 %), pero la coincidencia en los diagnósticos clínico-patológicos fue más aceptable en las especialidades quirúrgicas. Finalmente, pudieron identificarse algunas condiciones de riesgo al momento de los decesos, así como diferencias diagnósticas en relación con las causas directas de muerte, que mostraron valores superiores a lo esperado, por lo cual se sugirió la revisión de determinados procesos asistenciales en dicha institución hospitalaria.

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal de 85 pacientes con hipertensión arterial, pertenecientes a la barriada de Caop del municipio angolano de Viana, Luanda, desde abril hasta agosto de 2012, a fin de caracterizarles desde los puntos de vista sociocultural y clinicoepidemiológico. En la casuística predominaron los grupos etarios de 39-48 y 49-58 años (29,4 %, respectivamente), así como el sexo femenino (80,0 %). Existió el desempleo y la inmigración entre los moradores, los cuales adoptaron estilos de vida, que en algunos casos pudieron atentar contra el buen pronóstico de la enfermedad, entre los cuales figuraron: ingesta excesiva de sal, ausencia de ejercicios físicos y tensiones psicoemocionales mantenidas; sin embargo, el hábito de fumar y el consumo de alcohol no constituyeron factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de esta afección. Se recomendó evaluar el grado de asociación entre las condiciones de riesgo identificadas y la hipertensión arterial

Se realizó un estudio analítico de casos y controles en pobladores de la barriada de Caop en el municipio de Viana, en Luanda (Angola), de septiembre a noviembre de 2012, con vistas a determinar la asociación entre la hipertensión arterial y algunos factores de riesgo psicosociales, bajo la hipótesis de que las referidas situaciones de riesgo presentaban mayor asociación a la enfermedad entre individuos hipertensos que en aquellos no hipertensos. En el análisis de los resultados de la serie, se obtuvo que el sobrepeso y la obesidad, el sedentarismo y el estrés mostraran un aumento del riesgo de padecer la afección, con probabilidades variables, lo cual permitió confirmar la suposición planteada. Por otra parte, otras condiciones, como la ingestión de alcohol y el consumo de sal, no constituyeron una condición de riesgo para este grupo poblacional, por lo que carecieron de influencia en el desarrollo de la enfermedad

During the last decade, the employment of migrants from non-traditional regions in the U.S., such as Sinaloa, reflects not only the change in the profile of mexican migrant workers; urban, women, young and more educational level, but fits in work conditions and job insecurity flexibility in the production process. Thus, the career paths of migrants from Sinaloa workers reflect precarious and vulnerable conditions by the structural conditions of the regions of origin and destination and the effects of cyclical economic crises, adding the dependency on social and family networks that carry to a small margin of confinement and labor mobility.

The antidiarrheal properties of 19-deoxyicetexone, a diterpenoid isolated from Salvia ballotiflora were evaluated on castor oil-, arachidonic acid (AA)- and prostaglandin (PGE2)-induced diarrhea in rodent models. The structure of 19-deoxyicetexone was determined by X-ray crystallography, mass spectrometry (EI-MS), as well as ultraviolet (UV-Vis), infrared (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies. This compound significantly and dose-dependently reduced frequency of stooling in castor oil-induced diarrhea, and at dose of 25 mg/kg it also inhibited diarrhea induced with AA, while it had no effect on PGE2-induced diarrhea. This compound at doses of 25 mg/kg also diminished castor oil-induced enteropooling and intestinal motility, and inhibited the contraction of the rats’ ileum induced by carbachol chloride at a concentration of 100 µg/mL. 19-Deoxyicetexone did not present acute toxicity at doses of 625 mg/kg. Its antidiarrheal activity may be due to increased reabsorption of NaCl and water and inhibition of the release of prostaglandins, gastrointestinal motility and fluid accumulation in the intestinal tracts of rats. These findings suggest that 19-deoxyicetexone may be used in the treatment of diarrhea, although more studies must be carried out to confirm this.

A therapeutic intervention in 118 patients with cervical osteoarthritis was carried out. They were assisted in the Comprehensive Rehabilitation Service of “Dr. Joaquín Castillo Duany” Teaching Clinical Surgical Hospital in Santiago de Cuba, from July, 2013 to December, 2014, to evaluate the effectiveness of podal reflexology as a treatment modality. The sample was divided in 2 groups (study group and control group), of 54 members each, paired by age and sex. In both groups, the highest number of affected patients were over 50 years; also, a little more than two thirds of the selected individuals improved at 7 days of the clinical course and with only 3 treatment sessions, until the definitive resolution at 21 days (9 sessions). An adverse effect was registered and it was concluded that this therapy guarantees a significant improvement of symptoms, so its high effectiveness, without excessive consumption of time.