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IntroductionWorldwide, one in six individuals live with a disability. Many people continue to experience disabling situations, particularly when travelling. Travel can be an important part of the lives of many people, including people with disabilities. Barriers to accessing air travel can lead to a reluctance to travel for these potential passengers. As early as the flight planning stage, options to facilitate accessibility are limited. At airports, passengers must travel long distances in areas where navigation is complex, and accessibility limited. Furthermore, few aircraft are accessible. The travel experience can have adverse effects on the health of people with disabilities. Practices are sometimes not inclusive, not always available, and may not address the full spectrum of possible needs. The objective of this study is to provide a state of art on accessibility features available to people with disabilities in the busiest international airports.MethodsA scoping review of practices in airport accessibility was done. A search strategy was deployed in 4 databases (Avery index to architectural periodicals, Medline, CINAHL, and Web of science). The official websites of the 35 busiest airports were exhaustively consulted. All information regarding accessibility measures and inclusive services were extracted.Results31 scientific articles, out of 3,640 screened, and all extracted data from airports’ website were considered for synthesis. While efforts are made in major airports, there is a great inconsistency in accessibility features. Both facilitators and challenges are encountered by people with disabilities at every stage of air travel. These stages include journey planning; getting to and from the airport, obtain human assistance, navigate in the premises, check in, security screening, using facilities, boarding and disembarking, customs and immigration procedures, and luggage management.DiscussionServices need to be extensively planned, placing a significant burden on passengers. The disability-centric perspective disregard passengers’ unique needs and capabilities, leading to a sense of dehumanization. The complexity of airport organizations, shared responsibilities, limited communication, training challenges can deter accessibility initiatives and create discomfort during travel. This study is the first step of a broader project supported by Canadian Accessibility Standards, focusing on enhancing inclusive accessibility in Canadian airports.

IntroductionModern research teams are re-evaluating conventional methods with the aim of improving the usefulness of knowledge for users, focusing on the role of knowledge users in shaping innovation. In disability field, encouraging participatory research inherently involves diverse perspectives and inclusion, which aligns with the principles of universal accessibility. By actively involving individuals with various backgrounds, abilities, and needs in the research process, we can better understand and address the challenges faced in adopting universal accessibility. This approach ensures that solutions are more comprehensive, inclusive, and effectively cater to the needs of all individuals, fostering a more equitable and accessible environment for everyone. Despite municipal organizations mandating universal accessibility action plans, they lack tools for efficient implementation. The aim of this study was to develop knowledge mobilization tools tailored to a specific municipal context in Quebec, Canada, to facilitate the implementation of universal accessibility measures by municipal employees.MethodsThe co-design process employed in this study was organized into four distinct stages, following the Morales model: (1) Exploration (2) Co-Design (3) Validation (4) Development.ResultsStages one and two highlighted the employees' lack of awareness about universal accessibility issues and their need to have more information and resources about how universal accessibility is encountered in their work. A steering committee co-designed three video vignettes about universal accessibility, the city's action plan and measures included in it.DiscussionThe co-design approach used in this study allowed us to observe the non-linear nature of partnership research with an organization as complex as a municipality. Our study shows significant advantages of collaboration between the municipal sector and research.

IntroductionManual wheelchairs (MWC) users have limited mobility during winter months as they encounter many environmental barriers that restrict their community participation. This paper outlines the creation and standardization of an outdoor environment designed to simulate the real-life conditions and obstacles experienced by MWC users in winter.Methods and resultsThis study consisted of four phases. In Phase 1, researchers used a qualitative ethnographic approach to document the specific challenges and adaptive strategies used by MWC users in winter conditions. In Phase 2, key informants with expertise in MWC winter mobility were invited to co-design the Standardized Navigation Of Winter Mobility & Accessibility Network (SNOWMAN) course. Participants reviewed draft design solutions and offered their input and suggestions to expand upon the initial design. A second co-design workshop included additional key informants, including service providers, policymakers, and professionals with expertise in landscape architecture and engineering, to validate the design solution. The workshops resulted in a detailed illustration of the SNOWMAN course, including five sections: platforms with side slopes, a miniature ice rink, curbs and curb cuts, a path with uneven winter surfaces, and modular ramps at various slopes. Phases 3 and 4 marked the conclusion of the study and involved fabrication of the SNOWMAN course and establishment of a standardized protocol for course setup and maintenance.DiscussionThe project aimed to offer several additional potential benefits, supported by the various stakeholders across the study phases, that extend beyond creation of a controlled and safe environment for wheelchair users to develop their winter mobility skills. Practicing wheelchair skills in this area may assist wheelchair users in gaining confidence which may ultimately translate to increased participation in the community.

IntroductionAround 16% of world's population lives with visible and invisible disabilities. People with disabilities' participation may be limited because of the environmental obstacles. Moreover, historic heritage places were built before the development of accessibility standards and the rights of people living with disabilities and the majority were not designed to be accessible. Access to historic heritage places is important for carrying out the activities in place but also to create and reinforce identity. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of people with visible and invisible disabilities when visiting heritage sites considering accessibility issues.MethodsThis study is a qualitative interpretive description. Participants were adults with visible (e.g., motor disability) or invisible (e.g., autism) disabilities. For data collection, go along interviews (also referred to in the literature as “walking interview” in two different locations in the Historic District of Old Quebec in Quebec City were conducted. Thematic analysis was done.ResultsTwenty-one participants completed two go along interviews: one in the Séminaire de Québec (Seminary of Quebec City) and the other in Petit-Champlain and Place Royale areas of Quebec City. Three themes emerged: (1) Obstacles and impact on participation; (2) Disabling accessibility; and (3) Heritage meaning.DiscussionThe barriers identified by participants are diverse and differ according to the person and the type of disability. However, social and leisure activities were particularly limited, despite the strategies developed by some participants. Participants in the study demonstrated an interest in accessing to heritage places, therefore it seems essential to consider the needs of people with disabilities when developing accessibility solutions, and to seek a balance between preserving heritage and promoting inclusive and equitable access for all.

Current strategies for teaching evacuation methods in private seniors’ residences (PSR) and long-term care (LTCH) homes may pose risks to people with disabilities (PWD) and seniors' physical and psychological health. This study aimed to address the following questions: (1) Which are the current fire evacuation learning strategies used with PWD or seniors? (2) What are the barriers and facilitators for PWD and seniors' during fire evacuation and learning strategies in PSR and LTCH? (3) What is the existing equipment that could be used with PWD seniors?. A scoping review of grey and scientific literature was done in six databases and Google scholar. Additional information was found on Québec government websites. This review identified 13 scientific papers and 22 documents. Twenty barriers (personal = 9, environmental = 11), and 14 facilitators (personal = 4, environmental = 10) were extracted. The current fire evacuation learning strategies currently used can be grouped into three categories: drills; training; promotion of a fire safety plan. Six types of evacuation equipment were found; however, their use has been scarcely documented. Safety for seniors during fire evacuation is still an important issue to be improved. Increasing awareness and creating new practices and tools that consider the strengths and difficulties of seniors seems to be a promising avenue for improving evacuation.

Abstract Background and objectives Although the positive influence of social activity on health is now well-established, a complex relationship exists among social participation, personal, social and the environment. Social participation of older adults was examined in rural and urban settings to identify features of the built-environment and perception of neighborhood specific to the locale. Research Design and methods Using cross-sectional data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA), we examined social participation and health of older people (65 + yrs) in relation to the built environment and sociocultural contexts for urban and rural areas. A social participation index was derived from responses on the frequency of participating in 8 social activities over the past 12 months. Personal, household and neighborhood indicators were examined to develop multivariable regression models for social participation in urban and rural cohorts. Results No meaningful differences were seen with the frequency of social participation between rural and urban settings; however, the type of community-related activities differed in that a greater proportion of urban participants reported sports and educational/cultural events than rural participants. Service club activities were greater for rural than urban participants. Different neighborhood features were statistically significant factors in explaining social participation in rural than in urban locales, although transportation was a significant factor regardless of locale. Trustworthiness, belonging and safety were perceived factors of the neighborhood associated with higher social participation for rural participants. Discussion and implications The relationship between home and health becomes stronger as one ages. Social and physical features of built environment specific to urban and rural settings need to be considered when implementing appropriate social activities for older people.

Background: Small-scale dairy systems contribute to mitigate rural poverty as they provide a stable source of incomes to farming families, and also contribute with over 30% of national milk production. However, the dependency on external inputs affects their profitability and sustainability, which added to difficult agroclimatic conditions and limiting management factors as high stocking rate in pastures. It is therefore necessary to evaluate feeding strategies better adapted to conditions in these systems to improve cattle diets based on quality forages reducing external dependency and thus, costs. A means to increase herbage yields in pastures is overseeding with annual fast-growing cereals. Objective: The objective was to evaluate the productive performance of dairy cows on two feeding strategies based on grazing, and the analysis of costs in small-scale dairy systems in the highlands of central Mexico. Methodology: Eight Holstein cows were used on continuous day grazing (8 h/day) under on-farm research with a double cross-over design. Treatments ere: continuous intensive grazing of Kikuyu grass pastures (KY) or Kikuyu grass overseeded with rye (KYCEN) from 6:00 to 16:00 h, plus 4.5 kg DM/day of commercial concentrate. Two groups of four cows balanced for days in milk and daily milk yield were formed, and each group randomly assigned to one of the treatment sequences: KY-KYCEN-KY y KYCEN-KY-KYCEN, with three experimental periods of 14-day each, with 10 days for adaptation to diets and four days for sampling. Pastures were assessed with a split-plot design. Records were for milk yield and composition, live weight and body condition. A partial budget analysis was performed to compare income and feeding costs. Results: There were no statistical differences (P>0.05) in productive performance, with mean 3.5% fat corrected milk yield of 17 kg/cow/day, with 36.6 g/kg, 28.5 g/kg and 43.4 g/kg for milk fat, protein and lactose respectively. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) between treatments for sward height or herbage mass, but there were significant differences (P

BackgroundAlthough there have been recent efforts to improve access to Canadian national parks, many remain not fully accessible to people with disabilities. Winter conditions, in particular, present challenges that limit their participation in outdoor activities. ObjectiveThis study aimed to develop a novel method to assess park access during winter, which will inform recommendations for national park standards to meet the needs of all park visitors (regardless of ability) during winter conditions. MethodsA larger participatory mixed methods research project exploring park access was adapted. A 3-phase approach has already been proposed to achieve the study objectives. In the first phase, a scoping review of the existing accessibility standards will be conducted. In the second phase, objective audits of trails and features in 6 parks, 3 in western Canada and 3 in eastern Canada, will be conducted, as well as mobile interviews with 24 various participants in each region regarding their experiences of and recommendations for improving the park’s accessibility. In the final phase, a Delphi participatory consensus development process will be used, based on the data gathered in the first 2 phases, to prioritize recommendations for standards. This paper will focus on the second phase of the study, specifically on whether the in-person winter mobile interviews (ie, walking and wheeling interviews) with people who have a wide range of disabilities while visiting 3 parks in 2 provinces were modified. Changes were made to accommodate the extreme winter weather conditions in Quebec while using safe and informative data collection methods. ResultsIn Quebec, one park, where winter conditions are safer, has been assessed in person (n=4). Web-based interviews were used to facilitate the assessment of other winter and summer conditions in two other parks (n=8). Winter and web-based interviews were completed in April 2022. Data are currently being collected and analyzed, and results will be completed by December 2022. ConclusionsWe expect that adapting the protocol to gather further information on winter conditions and access to parks will provide high-quality and rich data to better inform park access standards. This participatory mixed methods research will inform the development of park standards that consider the accessibility needs of all people. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)DERR1-10.2196/38715

BackgroundOccupational therapists who work in hospitals need to assess patients’ home environment in preparation for hospital discharge in order to provide recommendations (eg, technical aids) to support their independence and safety. Home visits increase performance in everyday activities and decrease the risk of falls; however, in some countries, home visits are rarely made prior to hospital discharge due to the cost and time involved. In most cases, occupational therapists rely on an interview with the patient or a caregiver to assess the home. The use of videoconferencing to assess patients’ home environments could be an innovative solution to allow better and more appropriate recommendations. ObjectiveThe aim of this study was (1) to explore the added value of using mobile videoconferencing compared with standard procedure only and (2) to document the clinical feasibility of using mobile videoconferencing to assess patients’ home environments. MethodsOccupational therapists assessed home environments using, first, the standard procedure (interview), and then, videoconferencing (with the help of a family caregiver located in patients’ homes, using an electronic tablet). We used a concurrent mixed methods design. The occupational therapist's responsiveness to telehealth, time spent on assessment, patient’s occupational performance and satisfaction, and major events influencing the variables were collected as quantitative data. The perceptions of occupational therapists and family caregivers regarding the added value of using this method and the nature of changes made to recommendations as a result of the videoconference (if any) were collected as qualitative data, using questionnaires and semistructured interviews. ResultsEight triads (6 occupational therapists, 8 patients, and 8 caregivers) participated. The use of mobile videoconferencing generally led occupational therapists to modify the initial intervention plan (produced after the standard interview). Occupational therapists and caregivers perceived benefits in using mobile videoconferencing (eg, the ability to provide real-time comments or feedback), and they also perceived disadvantages (eg, videoconferencing requires additional time and greater availability of caregivers). Some occupational therapists believed that mobile videoconferencing added value to assessments, while others did not. ConclusionsThe use of mobile videoconferencing in the context of hospital discharge planning has raised questions of clinical feasibility. Although mobile videoconferencing provides multiple benefits to hospital discharge, including more appropriate occupational therapist recommendations, time constraints made it more difficult to perceive the added value. However, with smartphone use, interdisciplinary team involvement, and patient participation in the videoconference visit, mobile videoconferencing can become an asset to hospital discharge planning. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)RR2-10.2196/11674

IntroductionMost people who sustain a stroke are likely to experience sexual difficulties during their recovery. However, few people get the opportunity to address sexuality during their rehabilitation because of factors related to the organization (e.g., culture), managers (e.g., lack of resources), clinicians (e.g., perceived lack of knowledge, skills, and comfort), and clients (e.g., taboo). A multifactorial program tailored to stakeholders' needs with various complementary interventions is needed to lead to a change of practice in post-stroke sexual rehabilitation.ObjectiveTo co-design with stakeholders (i.e., people with stroke, partners, clinicians, managers and researchers) a theory-driven multifactorial program to improve post-stroke sexual rehabilitation services.MethodsThis qualitative study will be conducted in four steps using an Intervention Mapping approach and a co-design methodology divided into four phases: (1) exploration; (2) co-design; (3) validation; and (4) development. Persons with stroke, partners, clinicians and managers from five distinct stroke rehabilitation centres in the province of Quebec (Canada), and researchers will be recruited to either participate in an advisory committee or working groups throughout the study. A combination of contributions from three different types of groups (advisory group, Lego® groups, work groups) will be used for data collection. Qualitative data analysis will first be realized by two independent reviewers using the Theoretical Domains Framework, and preliminary results of analysis will be validated with the advisory and working groups.ConclusionThis study will lead to the co-design of the first theory-driven program intended to optimize post-stroke sexual rehabilitation services.

Zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZH) redistributes ingested energy and improves feed efficiency by increasing muscle mass and reducing fat in sheep and cattle carcasses in fattening; however, by increasing lipolysis and reducing intramuscular fat (IMF), it can affect meat quality in terms of the attributes of tenderness, juiciness, taste and color; in contrast, Zn methionine (ZM), due to its lipogenic effect, can improve meat marbling without affecting production efficiency. In the current study, 36 male Suffolk sheep were used (25 ± 0.58 kg live weight, LW) to evaluate the supply of ZH and ZM on growth, carcass traits, meat quality, fatty acid content and expression of genes which regulate the deposition of fatty acids (FA) in IMF. A completely randomized design was used, with factorial arrangement of 2 × 2 ZH (0 and 0.2 mg kg−1 LW) and ZM (0 and 80 mg Zn kg−1 dry matter, DM). The results showed that ZH increased (p < 0.05) carcass yield, compactness index and chop eye area and decreased greasing (p < 0.02). The content of ether extract in meat increased (p < 0.05) in sheep with ZM plus ZH, and in sheep with ZM (p < 0.01). ZH (p < 0.05) reduced (p < 0.02) the meat’s color index L*, a*, b*, C* and H*. The content in IMF of stearic (C18:0) and arachidic (C20:0) FA was reduced (p ≤ 0.05) by the effect of ZH, but the palmitoleic (C16:1), eicosatetraenoic (C20:4n6) and conjugated linoleic FA were increased (p ≤ 0.05) by the effect of ZH. ZM increased (p ≤ 0.05) palmitoleic (C16:1) and conjugated linoleic FA; the ZH interaction with ZM increased (p ≤ 0.05) linoleic (C18:2 c 9 c 12), linolenic (C18:3 c 9c12c15) and eicosatetraenoic (C20:4n6) FA. The ZH interaction with ZM influenced (p ≤ 0.05) the total saturated fatty acids (SFA), unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PFA). ZH increased (p ≤ 0.05) the relative expression of mRNA from the enzymes lipoprotein lipase (LPL), hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), glycerol -3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT1) and diglyceride acyltransferase (DGAT1). ZM increased (p ≤ 0.05) the relative expression of mRNA from the enzyme gene acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and HSL, monoglyceride lipase (MGL). The ZM interaction with ZH increased (p ≤ 0.05) the relative expression of mRNA genes of the enzymes HSL and ACC. It was concluded that ZH improved feed conversion (FC), increased yield and reduced fat in carcasses; ZM increased IMF in Longissimus dorsi. ZH and ZM influenced the FA composition, reduced the SFA and increased the UFA and PFA; both additives also influenced the relative mRNA expression of genes involved in fatty acid metabolism.

The objective of this paper was to evaluate the effect of four levels (0%, 4.32%, 8.39% or 12.25%) of avocado waste (AW) included in the diets on productive performance, carcass characteristics and meat nutritional quality of fattening rabbits. For that, one hundred and twenty male rabbits (New Zealand × California; 945 ± 47 g initial body weight) were fed over 28 days, randomly distributed to one of the four treatments (T) (T1 = 0, T2 = 4.32, T3 = 8.39 and T4 = 12.25% AW as fed). The chemical and fatty acids profiles were evaluated in the Longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) muscle. The rabbits fed with 8.39% of AW reported the best productive parameters (p < 0.05), the greater (p < 0.05) dissectible adipose tissue and higher polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) n-3 content (p < 0.05) than control meat. It is concluded that the inclusion of AW in the growing–finishing rabbit’s diet can modify the nutritional quality of the meat, reducing the n-6/n-3 ratio and the thrombogenic index.

Milk contains fatty acids (FA) beneficial to human health, so there is interest in the effect of feeding strategies on the FA content of milk. Small-scale dairy systems require conserved forages in the dry season. Cow diets of silages and concentrates yield a lower content of beneficial FA in milk. The objective was to determine the FA profile of feeds and milk from dairy cows on daytime grazing of pastures fed two levels of triticale silage and concentrate. Eight Holstein cows grazed pastures of perennial ryegrass or tall fescue. Triticale silage was offered at two levels (7.5 and 5.0 kg DM/d), in addition to 4.65 kg DM/d of concentrate. The experimental design was a 2 × 2 factorial with two pastures and two levels of silage in a repeated 4 × 4 Latin Square. Linolenic, linoleic, and palmitic acids comprised over 85% of FA in forages, and linoleic acid constituted 50% of FA in the concentrate. There were no differences in the milk composition, or the FA content of milk among treatments or periods (P>0.05). A higher inclusion of triticale silage did not change the fatty acid profile of milk. The content of beneficial FA in milk was similar to that of grazing cows.

To assess the effect of dietary supplement levels of chromium-yeast (Cr-yeast) on growth performance, blood glucose and triglycerides, fatty acid (FA) profile in intramuscular fat, carcase and meat traits, iron, copper, chromium and zinc concentrations in liver and bone, 24 Rambouillet male lambs (29.2 ± 0.17 kg body weight) were randomly assigned to four diets with 0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 mg Cr/kg DM. The growth performance trial lasted 49 d. Supplemental Cr-yeast did not affect growth performance and carcase characteristics (p > .05), but reduced (p

BackgroundCanada’s national parks are world-renowned. However, despite recent attempts to improve access, many are not accessible to people with disabilities. With the advent of provincial and federal legislation, standards are being developed to assist with the design and management of parks. ObjectiveThe overarching objective of this study is to inform accessibility standards for federal parks that meet the needs of all park visitors, regardless of ability. The specific objectives of this study are to identify park accessibility standards that exist internationally, identify the accessibility challenges that people with disabilities face in park environments, and prioritize and recommend accessibility standards for national parks. MethodsA 3-phase approach will be used to achieve the study objectives. In the first phase, a scoping review of the existing accessibility standards will be conducted. The second phase will include objective audits of trails and features in 6 parks, 3 in western Canada and 3 in eastern Canada, as well as mobile interviews with 24 diverse participants in each region regarding their experiences of and recommendations for improving the park’s accessibility. In the final phase, a Delphi participatory consensus development process will be used, based on the data gathered in the first 2 phases, to prioritize recommendations for standards. ResultsWe expect to find gaps in existing standards that do not account for the diverse range of accessibility requirements that people with disabilities have for visiting parks. We also expect to find that existing standards, on their own, may not be enough to ensure equitable access to all the experiences and amenities that parks have to offer. Development of subsequent guidelines and best practices may be necessary to address complex scenarios for which standards may not be the best approach to ensuring accessibility. ConclusionsThe participatory and mixed methods approaches used in this study will provide rich insights for developing accessible park standards that consider the diverse needs of people with disabilities. The findings will also support the development or enhancement of park standards at all levels of government. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)DERR1-10.2196/33611

Background. Canola silage (EC) is a viable alternative to replace corn silage (EM) in ruminants feed, due to its nutritional value and source of polyunsaturated fatty acids to improve the quality milk fat. Objective. To evaluate the inclusion of EC as substitute for of EM in total mixed rations (TMR) on milk production, composition and fatty acids profile of goats at the end lactation. Methodology. Ten Alpine goats (49 ± 2.5 kg LW, 194 ± 18 days in lactation) were fed with completely mixed diets containing 25% EC plus 25% EM (experimental diet) and 50% EM (control diet). Results. Milk production in goats fed with EC was 33.46% higher (P0.05) in milk fat, protein and lactose content, nor in dry matter intake between treatments. Implications. EC as an alternative forage in combination with EM, it is a viable feeding strategy for small ruminants. Conclusions. The use of EC represents a feeding strategy to improve the fatty acid profile of milk without effecting the chemical composition of milk and the productive response of goats at the end of lactation.

Oilseed supplementation is a strategy to improve milk production and milk composition in dairy cows; however, the response to this approach is inconsistent. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of oilseed supplementation on milk production and milk composition in dairy cows via a meta-analysis and meta-regression. A comprehensive and structured search was performed using the following electronic databases: Google Scholar, Primo-UAEH and PubMed. The response variables were: milk yield (MY), atherogenic index (AI), Σ omega-3 PUFA, Σ omega-6 PUFA, fat, protein, lactose, linoleic acid (LA), linolenic acid (LNA), oleic acid (OA), vaccenic acid (VA), conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) and saturated fatty acid (SFA) contents. The explanatory variables were breed, lactation stage (first, second, and third), oilseed type (linseed, soybean, rapeseed, cottonseed, and sunflower), way (whole, extruded, ground, and roasted), dietary inclusion level, difference of the LA, LNA, OA, forage and NDF of supplemented and control rations, washout period and experimental design. A meta-analysis was performed with the “meta” package of the statistical program R. A meta-regression analysis was applied to explore the sources of heretogeneity. The inclusion of oilseeds in dairy cow rations had a positive effect on CLA (+0.27 g 100 g−1 fatty acids (FA); p < 0.0001), VA (+1.03 g 100 g−1 FA; p < 0.0001), OA (+3.44 g 100 g−1 FA; p < 0.0001), LNA (+0.28 g 100 g−1 FA; p < 0.0001) and UFA (+8.32 g 100 g−1 FA; p < 0.0001), and negative effects on AI (−1.01; p < 0.0001), SFA (−6.51; p < 0.0001), fat milk (−0.11%; p < 0.001) and protein milk (−0.04%; p < 0.007). Fat content was affected by animal breed, lactation stage, type and processing of oilseed and dietary NDF and LA contents. CLA, LA, OA and UFA, desirable FA milk components, were affected by type, processing, and the intake of oilseed; additionally, the concentrations of CLA and VA are affected by washout and design. Oilseed supplementation in dairy cow rations has a positive effect on desirable milk components for human consumption. However, animal response to oilseed supplementation depends on explanatory variables related to experimental design, animal characteristics and the type of oilseed.

Antecedentes. La ganadería doble propósito es una actividad económica importante en zonas rurales debido al ingreso que genera de la venta de leche y carne. Objetivo. El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar un análisis socioeconómico comparativo de tres grupos de unidades de producción (UP) de doble propósito (DP) con diferentes tendencias de producción. Metodología. Las UP fueron (i) DPL con mayor orientación a la producción de leche; (ii) DPT o tradicional y, (iii) DPC con mayor orientación a la producción carne. La información se obtuvo durante 2015 por seguimientos técnico-económicos a 67 ganaderos del altiplano central de México. Se utilizó la metodología de presupuestos por actividad para obtener las variables económicas. Posteriormente, se realizó un análisis de varianza, sobre las variables económicas y de manejo con distribución normal y una prueba de Kruskal Wallis sobre las variables sin distribución normal o expresadas en porcentaje. También, se realizó una prueba de T de Student para las variables relacionadas con la producción de leche solo de los grupos DPL y DPT. Resultados. Existieron diferencias (P

Introducción. Los minerales juegan un papel muy importante en la nutrición, porque son necesarios para la biosíntesis de nutrientes esenciales. Objetivo. Evaluar el estado mineral en suero sanguíneo, el consumo de minerales y la producción de leche de vacas Holstein en pastoreo suplementadas con distintos niveles de alimento concentrado y tiempo de permanencia en la pradera en el valle de Toluca, México. Materiales y métodos. Se realizaron dos experimentos con un diseño de cuadro Latino 3x3 cada uno en la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, realizados en primavera-verano de 2011-2012. En el experimento uno se evaluó el nivel de concentrado en la dieta (3, 5 y 8 kg día-1) en vacas pastoreando; en el experimento dos se evaluaron tres tiempos de permanencia en la pradera (ocho horas continuas; dos tiempos de cuatro horas post-ordeño; y doce horas). En ambos experimentos se ofertó ensilado de maíz a libre consumo en el corral. En suero sanguíneo y alimentos se les midió la concentración de Ca, P, Mg, K, Na, Cu, Fe y Zn. Se realizaron análisis de correlación simple y de regresión múltiple para las variables de estudio. Resultados. El nivel de concentrado y el tiempo de permanencia en la pradera afectaron (p

Background. Native grasslands are a resource utilized for livestock feeding due to their low cost and mainly during the rainy season. However, native grasslands do not meet the nutritional requirements of dairy cows. Consequently, commercial supplementation with a high cost is used. Objective. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a supplement mixture of canola and ground corn ears compared to a commercial concentrate during the rainy season. Methodology. Ten cows on continuous grazing for 9 h/d were used following the management of the participating farm in a double cross-over experimental design for animal variables, and a split plot design for the grassland evaluation. Results. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) for animal variables, with mean milk yields of 13.5 kg/cow/day, 35.7 g/kg for milk fat, and 32.0 g/kg for protein content. There were also no differences (P>0.05) for grassland height and herbage mass, nor for chemical composition, with crude protein content of 100.4 g/kg DM, and 526 g/kg DM of in vitro digestibility. Chemical composition of concentrates was similar, but the experimental concentrate had lower cost. Implications. Given the scenario of rising prices of concentrates, an alternative to the producer is preparing its own concentrate, with corn harvested in the production units and some ingredient that is high in crude protein. Conclusions. It is concluded that the experimental concentrate made on farm resulted in the same performance as a commercial concentrate, which may reduce feeding costs.

Introduction. Les ergothérapeutes sont appelés à évaluer le domicile des patients en prévision de la sortie définitive du centre hospitalier, afin de favoriser un retour à domicile sécuritaire. Cependant, une visite à domicile n’est généralement pas possible en raison des coûts et du temps de déplacement. But. Recenser les études portant sur l’utilisation de la visioconférence mobile pour évaluer le domicile en prévision de la sortie de l’hôpital. Méthodologie. Une revue rapide a été réalisée en consultant une base de données, combinée à une recherche manuelle dans des revues ergothérapiques. Une analyse thématique a été réalisée. Résultats. Sept articles ont été identifiés. L’évaluation à distance est possible, mais elle présente des enjeux de faisabilité liés au type de technologie, à la réceptivité à la télésanté, à la sécurité informatique et aux problèmes techniques potentiels. Conclusion. L’utilisation de la visioconférence pour évaluer le domicile en prévision de la sortie définitive du centre hospitalier est possible, mais les données probantes demeurent insuffisantes. _______________________________________________________________________________ Mobile videoconferencing to evaluate home: a rapid review Introduction. Occupational therapists are asked to assess the home of patients in anticipation of hospital discharge, to promote a safe return home. However, a home visit is usually not possible due to costs and travel time. Goal. To identify studies on the use of mobile videoconferencing to assess the home in anticipation of discharge. Methodology. A rapid review was conducted by consulting a database, combined with a manual search in occupational therapy journals. A thematic analysis was carried out. Results. 7 articles have been identified. Remote evaluation is possible, but it presents feasibility issues related to the type of technology, responsiveness to telehealth, computer security and potential technical issues. Conclusion. The use of videoconferencing for home assessment in anticipation of hospital discharge is possible, but the evidence remains weak.

Introduction: Driving is an important activity for the social participation of young people with physical and cognitive disabilities. Learning to drive, however, presents difficulties for this population. Innovative services have been developed in the province of Québec, Canada, but the extent to which they are evidence-based is not known nor are optimal parameters for learning to drive. Objectives: The aims of this study were to 1) explore users' views and preferences with respect to learning to drive; 2) create indicators based on science, experience, and users' views and preferences that can be used to evaluate driver education programs; and 3) use these indicators to measure the gaps between knowledge and practice in an existing adapted driver education program. Method: Based on an integrated knowledge translation model, this study used a qualitative and quantitative design consisting of three steps: 1) focus group meeting and telephone interviews with users, 2) definition and validation of criteria and indicators, and 3) chart audit. Results: 1) Users' needs and expectations were documented from the focus group meeting and three interviews. 2) Building on the results of step 1 and a review of the literature, including expert opinions on adapted driver's education, 34 quality indicators were created. These indicators were supported by information from the literature (42%), expert opinions (33%), and users' views (25%). 3) Forty charts from an existing program were audited and showed that the indicators are relevant to evaluate the quality of this type of program. Conclusion: These preliminary indicators were created to facilitate the implementation of new evidence-based adapted driver education programs. This entire initiative will make it easier for young adults with disabilities to obtain a driver's licence, which will ultimately foster more satisfactory social participation.

Objective: To identify the knowledge, products, and strategies for individuals with mobility-related disabilities used to address challenging winter conditions. Data Sources: AgeLine, OVID, Scopus, and CIHAHL were searched for studies that met the inclusion criteria, from inception to April 2018. Sources for gray literature, or information outside commercial publishing, included ProQUEST, government websites, and manufacturers, vendors, and consumer organization websites. Source Selection: Population of people with limited or reduced mobility or mobility device users involved in winter-related environmental conditions; aim was to increase activity, participation, or safety. Data Extraction: Two reviewers independently applied the inclusion criteria to select eligible sources. Two reviewers independently extracted the data from each source. Data Synthesis: Twenty-three published peer-reviewed papers were located. Study populations were predominantly those who used wheelchairs (mixed wheelchair type, n=7; power, n=4; manual, n=2), canes (n=3), or specialized winter footwear (n=2). The primary focus of these papers was determined to be tool or device (n=10), recommendations (n=9), strategy (n=2), or resource (n=2). Civic policy documents were variable in citizen responsibility for snow clearing. Limited winter-related supports were identified on consumer organization websites. Although some winter-specific products exist, very few studies have examined the effectiveness of any of these products. Conclusions: Despite the common experience of challenging winter conditions, a paucity of winter-specific research and innovation relevant for individuals who use mobility devices exists. Researchers, consumers, and industry need to partner to develop novel tools, strategies, resources, and evidence-based recommendations. Keywords: Cold climate, Community participation, Rehabilitation, Self-help devices, Wheelchairs

The Measure of accessibility to urban infrastructures for adults with physical disabilities was first published in 2012 and proved to have good inter-rater reliability. Yet, the format (more user-friendly) and content (updated references and labels) of this instrument needed to be improved. Therefore, a new version, now entitled Measure of Environmental Accessibility (MEA), was developed to provide professionals and individuals defending the rights of persons with disabilities with a more user-friendly, objective measure of accessibility of exterior and interior urban infrastructures for adults with mobility, visual and hearing impairments. The aim of this paper is to present the improvements made in this new version and evaluate its inter-rater reliability. This cross-sectional study for inter-rater reliability was conducted by a student in occupational therapy and a student in architecture who performed 30 MEA evaluations of public infrastructures. Inter-rater reliability was evaluated using Gwet’s AC1 statistic. Most items (71%, 626/882) had AC1 values ranging from good to excellent. Some items had lower inter-rater reliability coefficients (12%, 108/882, p-value

Caring for a child with cerebral palsy (CP) at home represents a major challenge and can have a significant impact on the caregiver’s physical and psychological well-being. Caregivers and professionals often feel uncomfortable with adolescents’ emerging behaviours. Adolescents’ need for privacy requires a certain level of independence to be achieved. However, the physical environment may cause problems in achieving the required degree of privacy. The main objective of this study was to explore and identify realistic, evidence-based solutions to promote independence and privacy in the bathroom for teenagers with CP. The authors used a two-stage co-design process: the conception of the design solution, followed by validation. The results of this project demonstrate the need to combine original technical aids and environmental settings to create a safe, hygienic environment for the user. The results can guide therapists in their clinical approach to designing washing facilities that meet the hygiene and psychological needs of other adolescents, adults and seniors with mobility impairments.

To create enabling environments for as many individuals as possible, including individuals with physical disabilities (IPD) who are more prone to encounter environmental barriers limiting their social participation, we need to examine current municipal practices related to accessibility. The objectives of this study were to describe existing practices for the design of accessible pedestrian infrastructures (API) for IPD living in Quebec (Canada), as well as to identify the perceived informational needs of the municipalities to design such infrastructures. A WEB survey was developed and validated by experts (i.e., municipal/provincial entities, IPD advocacy organisations, public transportation society, and researchers) and was sent to 507 municipalities. Descriptive statistics and recursive partitioning were performed, which allowed for the analyses of predictive variables using arborescence (e.g. the characteristics of the municipality that predict the implementation of various accessible design practices). A total of 186 respondents (representative of 184 of 507 municipalities) completed the survey (37%). Few municipalities have measures, resources and tools to ensure the design of API for IPD. However, many respondents perceived the need for such resources. The presence of an action plan for individuals with visual disabilities and their consultation, availability of human resources, and knowledge of tools for the design of API the implementation of other accessibility practices and should be targeted. Results of this study highlighted the need for conceptualization and implementation of guidelines to ensure API, and identified potential measures to improve practices that favor social participation of IPD.

El objetivo fue evaluar la calidad nutritiva del forraje raigrás (Lolium perenne) a diferente madurez (0, 7, 14 y 28 días) en tres épocas del año, otoño (O), invierno (I) y primavera-verano (PV), en un diseño experimental completamente al azar con arreglo factorial 4x3. La madurez del forraje aumentó de forma lineal y cuadrática el contenido de materia seca, fibra detergente ácido y lignina ácido detergente, y de forma cuadrática la fibra detergente neutro; la materia orgánica (MO) bajó de forma lineal y cuadrática, y la proteína cruda (PC) disminuyó linealmente al madurar el forraje. La MO y PC fueron mayores en PV (P

Introduction: The challenges experienced by adults living with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) regarding their interaction with their home environment are thinly documented, although these issues persist with age. Based on the Model of Competence, this study aims to explore the human and nonhuman elements of the home environment influencing the functioning of autistic adults. Methods: An exploratory-descriptive qualitative study was conducted in Quebec City, Canada, with autistic adults (n = 6). Individual semi-structured interviews were undertaken by a single interviewer until data saturation was reached. A content analysis was conducted using NVivo software with a list of codes adjusted according to new emerging themes. Results: Eight themes emerged and were grouped into three categories--(1) Person -- Adult living with ASD: coping skills, anxiety; (2) Microsystem -- Home environment: entourage, sensory elements, spatial arrangement; (3) Person-environment interaction: routines, socialization, control. The experiences of autistic adults highlight the varied interactions experienced with the nonhuman and human elements of their homes, sometimes resulting in a situation of handicap related to their activities and roles. Conclusion: This qualitative exploration of the environmental challenges experienced at home by autistic adults introduces a better understanding of the person-environment interaction, allowing for easier functional assessment and improved home support.

El siguiente relato proviene del proyecto artístico transdisciplinario Proyecto Paisajes Migratorios / entre fronteras /, #PPM, de coautoría de los artistas investigadores Ernesto Morales Bautista y Gabriel Brito Nunes, basado en una investigación en desarrollo sobre migración y fronteras cuyo trayecto inaugural se realizó de abril a julio de 2017 por territorio mexicano. Dicho trayecto fue iniciado al norte en los estados fronterizos de México con Estados Unidos – Chihuahua y Coahuila – y concluido en la frontera al sur, entre Guatemala y el estado de Chiapas, después de atravesar los paisajes de los estados intermedios de San Luis Potosí, Oaxaca, Veracruz, entre otros, y la Ciudad de México. Los procesos derivados de esta investigación son constantemente alimentados por las vivencias de sus autores con las personas en dislocamiento – los migrantes – así como los agentes involucrados en la compleja red que se ha formado alrededor del estatus Migrante. Aunado a la lucha por los derechos ante el peligro y la violencia a que son sometidos los centroamericanos durante su desplazamiento, este proyecto tiene estrecha relación con el hecho de que México se ha convertido en una gran frontera para los que atraviesan el territorio de este país en busca del sueño americano.

A entrevista aborda o tema da linha de pesquisa – a migração internacional do México aos Estados Unidos da Dra. Silvia Giorguli, referente aos impactos da migração na educação de crianças e jovens, e a migração centro-americana.

The objective of this study was to evaluate supplemental organic chromium (Cr) to finishing lambs on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality. Eighteen Suffolk lambs (age (4.5±0.2) mon; (25.8±3.6) kg body weight (BW)) were randomly assigned to three levels of supplemental organic Cr (0.0, 0.2 and 0.4 mg kg−1 dry matter (DM)) in a complete random design. Growth performance was evaluated for 70 d, and then lambs were slaughtered to study carcass characteristics and chemical composition of meat. Orthogonal contrasts were performed (contrast one-average level 0.2 ppm Cr vs. average level 0.4 ppm Cr; contrast two-level 0 vs. average levels (0.2+0.4) ppm Cr). Orthogonal polynomials were used to estimate the linear and quadratic effects of Cr concentrations. Growth and carcass performance were not affected by supplemental organic Cr. Muscle conformation and leg perimeter linearly increased (P

In this study, we expand upon the biogeography of biological soil crusts (BSCs) and provide molecular insights into the microbial community and biochemical dynamics along the vertical BSC column structure, and across a transect of increasing BSC surface coverage in the central Mojave Desert, CA, United States. Next generation sequencing reveals a bacterial community profile that is distinct among BSCs in the southwestern United States. Distribution of major phyla in the BSC topsoils included Cyanobacteria (33 ± 8%), Proteobacteria (26 ± 6%), and Chloroflexi (12 ± 4%), with Phormidium being the numerically dominant genus. Furthermore, BSC subsurfaces contained Proteobacteria (23 ± 5%), Actinobacteria (20 ± 5%), and Chloroflexi (18 ± 3%), with an unidentified genus from Chloroflexi (AKIW781, order) being numerically dominant. Across the transect, changes in distribution at the phylum (p < 0.0439) and genus (p < 0.006) levels, including multiple biochemical and geochemical trends (p < 0.05), positively correlated with increasing BSC surface coverage. This included increases in (a) Chloroflexi abundance, (b) abundance and diversity of Cyanobacteria, (b) OTU-level diversity in the topsoil, (c) OTU-level differentiation between the topsoil and subsurface, (d) intracellular ATP abundances and catalase activities, and (e) enrichments in clay, silt, and varying elements, including S, Mn, Co, As, and Pb, in the BSC topsoils. In sum, these studies suggest that BSCs from regions of differing surface coverage represent early successional stages, which exhibit increasing bacterial diversity, metabolic activities, and capacity to restructure the soil. Further, these trends suggest that BSC successional maturation and colonization across the transect are inhibited by metals/metalloids such as B, Ca, Ti, Mn, Co, Ni, Mo, and Pb.

Abstract: Winter is expensive. For countries situated in the northern hemisphere, closer to the north pole, such as Canada, Russia and Scandinavia, winter requires the acquisition of special clothing, car tires, and sports equipment, snow removal or plowing from the streets, and is associated with the presence of ice patches, along with accidents and illnesses associated with cold weather. Fall-related injuries due to winter conditions have been estimated to cost the Canadian health care system $ 2.8 billion a year. However, the greatest cost snow entails every year is the social isolation of seniors as well as wheelchair and walker users. This results from the lack of accessibility, as it is difficult to circulate on snow-covered streets even for the able-bodied. Social isolation has been associated with other negative consequences such as depression and even suicide. This exploratory pilot study aimed at finding possible and feasible design solutions for improving the accessibility of sidewalks during winter conditions. For this project we used a Co-Design methodology. Stakeholders (City of Quebec representatives, designers, urban planners, occupational therapists, and adults with motor, visual and aural disabilities) were invited to participate in the design process. In order to meet the objectives, two main steps were carried out: 1. Conception of the design solutions (through Co-design sessions in a Focus-group format with seniors, designers and researchers); and 2. Validation of the design solutions (consultation with experts and stakeholders). The results are a wide variety of possible and feasible solutions, including the reorganisation of the snow-removal procedure and the development of heated curb cuts. This project was funded by the City of Quebec in partnership with the Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche en réadaptation et intégration sociale (CIRRIS). Ultimately, the project sought to explore possible solutions to be implemented, if feasible, in the future by the municipal government.

ResumenIntroducción y objetivos: El incremento de la obesidad infantil es alarmante. Su persistencia en la adultez es causa de una alta tasa de morbilidad y mortalidad por enfermedades cardiovasculares. Esta investigación se realizó con el propósito de detectar tempranamente los niños sobrepeso y obesos del Círculo Infantil Volodia, de Arroyo Naranjo en La Habana, Cuba; así como para identificar algunos factores de riesgo asociados. Método: Se estudiaron 122 infantes de ambos sexos (59 niñas y 63 niños), cuyas edades oscilaban entre 1 y 5 años. Se determinó la asociación de la obesidad con otros factores de riesgo, como el peso al nacer, el sexo, los antecedentes familiares, los hábitos dietéticos y la actividad física. Resultados: La prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad fue de 9,0 % y 7,4 %, respectivamente; existió asociación estadística significativa entre la obesidad y las variables: antecedentes familiares de obesidad (X2= 5,690, p = 0.017), circunferencia abdominal mayor del 97 percentil (X2= 5,690, p = 0.017), y la presencia de bajo peso o macrofeto al nacer (X2= 6,348, p = 0.042). Conclusiones: Existe una tendencia al sobrepeso y obesidad en estos niños. En los obesos predominaron los antecedentes familiares, la circunferencia abdominal mayor del 97 percentil, y la presencia de bajo peso o macrofeto al nacer. Hubo una tendencia a presentar una dieta sin límites y poca actividad física. / AbstractIntroduction and Objectives: The increase of obesity during childhood is alarming. Its persistence in adulthood causes a high rate of morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this research was to early detect overweight and obese children at the Volodia day-nursery, from Arroyo Naranjo in Havana, Cuba; and to identify some associated risk factors. Method: 122 infants aged between 1 and 5 years, of both sexes (59 girls and 63 boys) were studied. The association of obesity with other risk factors such as birth weight, sex, family history, dietary habits and physical activity was determined. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 9.0% and 7.4% respectively, there was a statistically significant association between obesity and several variables such as family history of obesity (X2=5.690, p=0.017), waist circumference greater than 97 percentile (X2=5.690, p=0.017), and the presence of low weight or overweight at birth (X2=6.348, p=0.042). Conclusions: There is a tendency to overweight and obesity in these children. In the obese the following factors predominated: family history, waist circumference greater than 97 percentile, and low weight or overweight at birth. There was a tendency to unlimited diet and little physical activity.

El empleo de disoluciones químicas desinfectantes en la prevención de las infecciones intrahospitalarias representa una problemática compleja, por diversas causas, estas no cumplen los requisitos de calidad físico-químicos establecidos para su manejo efectivo, lo que origina contaminación microbiológica por gérmenes perjudiciales a la salud y al medio ambiente, el objetivo de este trabajo es hacer un estudio descriptivo sobre el control de la calidad del hibitane como principal solución desinfectante utilizada en el Hospital Clínico-Quirúrgico Universitario Comandante Faustino Pérez, en el período que abarca desde enero de 1997 hasta diciembre de 2006. En esta etapa se chequeó la calidad de esta disolución, según la normativa de la vigilancia higiénico-epidemiológica, y se pudo comprobar que la misma no cumple los parámetros establecidos para tales efectos, con vista a minimizar los impactos negativos que ejerce la contaminación microbiológica sobre la salud humana y el medio ambiente.The usage of chemical disinfectant dissolutions in the prevention of the in-hospital infections is a complex problem because of different causes; they do not fulfil the established physical-chemical requirements of quality for its effective handling, what originates microbiologic contamination for germs that are harmful to the health and the environment: The objective of this work was making a descriptive study on the quality control of the hibitane like a main disinfectant solution used in the University Clinic-surgical Hospital Comandante Faustino Pérez, in the period from January 1997 to December 2006. In this period we checked the quality of this dissolution, according to the normative of the hygiene-epidemiologic surveillance, and we stated that it does not fulfil the established parameters, with the objective of minimizing the negative impacts exerted by the microbiologic contamination on the human health and the environment.

The effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as live cells (LC) or cells extract (CE) on in vitro gas production (GP) kinetics and ruminal fermentation parameters of a total mixed ration (TMR) consisting of commercial concentrate and alfalfa hay [1:1 dry matter (DM)] as a substrate was studied. The TMR was incubated with CE at 1, 2 and 4 mg/g or LC at 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9 mg/g DM for 96 h. Rumen GP was recorded after 6, 12, 19, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h of incubation. Interaction effects were observed (PS. cerevisiae (CE and LC extract) improved GP and ruminal fermentation parameters, where CE at 0.3 and 0.6 mg/g DM was more effective than the yeast LC.

El objetivo fue evaluar in vitro e in vivo el valor nutricional de una dieta basal para ovinos adicionada con diferentes niveles de taninos condensados libres (TCL) de Lysiloma acapulcensis (T0=0; T1= 2.5; T2 = 5.0 y T3=7.5 gd-1). En el experimento in vitro se determinó la cinética de degradación del sustrato mediante la técnica de producción de gas y en la parte in vivo se utilizaron cuatro ovinos canulados en rumen (60 ± 3 kg de peso corporal) para conocer algunas variables de la fermentación ruminal. Los datos se analizaron mediante un diseño completamente al azar y cuadrado latino, respectivamente. En el ensayo in vitro, se observaron diferencias significativas (p< 0.05), en los parámetros de fermentación ruminal: (producción de gas total, hasta alcanzar la asíntota (b) y tasa fraccional de producción gas ( c). . La síntesis de ácidos grasos de cadena corta (AGCC) y la energía metabolizable (EM), se redujo en los tratamientos que contenían TCL. La digestibilidad aparente de la proteína cruda (DAPC), fue mayor (p < 0.05) en el T2 (790 g kg-1 de MS). Las concentraciones de nitrógeno amoniacal (N-NH3) fueron menores (p < 0.05), en los tratamientos T3 y T0, en las horas 0, 4, 20 y 24 (9.5, 4.67, 6.91 y 6.89 mgdL-1) respectivamente. La población de protozoarios fue mayor (p < 0.5) en los animales que recibieron los tratamientos con TCL (0, 4, 8 y 12 h post-alimentación).Se concluye que la adición de 5.0 g TCL mejoró la DAPC, aumentan los niveles de N-NH3 (T1, T2 Y T3), disminuyen los AGCC y la EM, pero estimula la población de protozoarios.

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of two lyophilised aqueous extracts of Lysiloma acapulcensis (LAE) and Phitecellobium dulce (PDE) tree leaves on in vitro assessment of hatching of eggs, larval development and migration of gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep using a general linear model. Treatments contained extracts from both species at concentrations of 0, 125, 250 and 500 μg/mL. Both albendazole and levamisole were used at a level of 1% as positive control. The extract of LAE, compared to PDE, showed better inhibition (PP. dulce had a lower larvicidal effect (PL. acapulcensis extracts. Using aqueous extracts of both species of L. acapulcensis and P. dulce could be a promising alternative to synthetic anthelmintics as treatments of gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep in organic and conventional production systems under subtropical conditions.

En el presente trabajo se realiza un análisis crítico de los sistemas de ayuda empleados a nivel mundial para el estudio de variables marítimas y diseño de obras costeras. Para ello se han tomado en cuenta los modelos matemáticos incorporados en cada software, así como determinadas deficiencias que presentan en el orden informático. Palabras Clave: sistemas de ayuda, modelos, costas, obras marítimas

Se analizaron los minerales Ca, P, K, Na, Mg, Cu, Fe, Zn, Se y Mn en forraje rye grass (Lolium perenne), en suplementos y en suero de bovinos Holstein en producción (16.6±3.6 L d-1), se muestrearon las praderas, alimentos, en las épocas seca (abrilmayo) y lluviosa (agosto-septiembre), y 139 hembras en doce unidades de producción, de cuatro localidades del valle de Toluca, México. Hubo diferencias (P

Motivado por la importancia del control del medio ambiente se realiza un panel con los estudiantes de la especialidad de Tecnología de la Salud en el municipio de Matanzas, con el objetivo de fomentar en estos una conciencia ambientalista y de esta forma sensibilizar a los mismos, para ser defensores en la protección del medio ambiente y así elevar el conocimiento en cuanto a materia ambiental. Desde el triunfo revolucionario en 1959, la protección del medio ambiente y el uso racional de los recursos naturales ha sido objetivo estratégico nacional. Y en medio de la difícil situación económica actual, los esfuerzos por encausar la recuperación económica y la protección ambiental con un enfoque integral, constituyen un importante desafío para los cubanos. La contaminación de ríos y arroyos por contaminantes químicos se ha convertido en uno de los problemas ambientales más graves de nuestra sociedad. El ozono es un contaminante que produce afectaciones a la salud. La explotación forestal debe ser realizada sobre la base de garantizar la repoblación. Son diversos los factores que determinan el crecimiento elevado de la población en los países subdesarrollados. La concentración de la población, la industria y el transporte automotor en zonas urbanas ha producido un desequilibrio ecológico con grave afectación a la higiene del ambiente. Cuba, a pesar de ser un país subdesarrollado, el crecimiento económico y la industrialización han llevado aparejadas medidas consecuentes para la protección del ambiente y el desarrollo sostenible. Los riesgos como consecuencia de los fenómenos naturales o provocados por las actividades humanas están íntimamente relacionados con la naturaleza de los mismos. En todos los casos se hacen necesario priorizar los servicios de saneamiento básico esenciales para garantizar la salud de la población .Due to the importance of the environmental control, we carried out a debate with the students of the specialty of Health Technologies in the municipality of Matanzas with the objective of forming an environmental awareness and inducing them to be defenders of the environmental protection, and also raising their knowledge on the environmental matters. Since the triumph of the Cuban revolution in 1959, environmental protection and rational use of the natural resources have been a national strategic objective. Inserted in the current difficult economic situation, the efforts for achieving the economic recuperation and environmental protection through an integral approach are an important challenge for Cubans. Rivers and brooks contamination by chemical substances has become one of the most serious environmental problems in our society. Ozone is a contaminant producing health affections. Forestal exploitation should be carried on the bases of warranting repopulation. Several factors determine a high growth of population in the underdeveloped countries. The concentration of population, industries and auto transport in urban areas has produced an ecological disequilibrium with serious damage of the environmental hygiene. Although Cuba is an underdeveloped country, the economic growth and industrialization have been led together with tenacious measures to protect the environment and a sustainable development. Risks due to natural phenomena or caused by human activity are tightly related with their nature. In all the cases it is necessary to pay an especial attention to the services and measures guarantying the population health.

ABSTRACT: This study examined the characteristics of the fatty acids profile in the meat of lambs fed grazing and supplemented with different PUFA sources. Thirty Suffolk lambs were used (37.2±5.4kg BW), grazing on perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) (12h d-1) and supplemented (30g kg-1 BW0.75) with ryegrass hay (RGH), or supplements formulated with fishmeal (FHM) or soybean meal (SBM). Lambs were used in a completely randomized design. Results showed an effect on total SFA, with SBM higher than RGH (P=0.033), and SBM and FHM showing higher MUFA content compared with RGH (P=0.001). Total PUFA content was higher for RGH, followed by FHM and with the lowest content for SBM (P=0.001). Concluding that there is a variation in fatty acid content depending on the lipid-protein source used in supplementation in grazing sheep, the content of PUFA was higher for grazing lambs supplemented with RGH compared with those supplemented with FHM or SBM.