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Diamond Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a congenital hypoplastic anemia characterized by ineffective erythropoiesis. DBA is majorly caused by mutations in the ribosomal protein (RP) genes1. A suitable disease model that yields a continuous supply of erythroid cells is required to study disease pathogenesis and drug discovery. Towards this, we reprogrammed dermal fibroblasts from a DBA patient with a heterozygous mutation c.22-23delAG in the RPS19 gene identified through exome sequencing. To generate induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), we induced episomal expression of the reprogramming factors OTC3/4, L-MYC, LIN28, SOX2, and KLF4, and a p53 shRNA2. The DBA iPSC line CSCRi006-A generated during this study was extensively characterized for its pluripotency and genome stability. The clone retained normal karyotype and showed high expression levels of pluripotency markers, OCT4, NANOG, SOX2, TRA-I-60, TRA-I-81, and SSEA4. It could differentiate into cells originating from all three germ cell layers, as identified by immunostaining for SOX17 (endoderm), Brachyury (mesoderm), and PAX6 (ectoderm). IPSCs provide a renewable source of cells for in vitro disease modeling. CSCRi006-A, a thoroughly characterized iPSC line carrying heterozygous RPS19 c.22-23delAG mutation, is a valuable cell line for the disease modeling of DBA. This iPSC line can be differentiated into different blood cell types to study the mechanisms of disease development and identify potential treatments.

This study aimed to assess the apoptosis-inducing mechanism of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) stabilized by Solanum xanthocarpum plant extract in human osteosarcoma MG63 cells. In the present study, we synthesized ZnO NPs from S. xanthocarpum extract and evaluated its anticancer mechanism on MG 63 cells. The synthesized ZnO NPs were characterized by ultraviolet spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. The mean size of the synthesized ZnO NPs was 21.62 ± 7.45 nm and spherical in shape. The cytotoxicity of ZnO NPs on MG63 cells was determined by MTT assay. The Western blot analysis was carried out to examine the expression of apoptotic and autophagy-related proteins in MG63 cells. The findings of the study reveal that ZnO NPs treatment showed concentration-dependent cytotoxicity, increased lipid peroxidation, decreased antioxidant activity, increased reactive oxygen species generation, and increased DNA damage. In addition, ZnO NPs treatment increased the expression of apoptotic members such as p53, Bax, caspase-3, -8, and -9 while downregulating Bcl-2 expression in MG63 cells. Furthermore, ZnO NPs treatment suppressed the P13K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and increased the expression of LC3 and beclin-1 in MG63 cells. The present study demonstrated that ZnO NPs induced apoptosis and autophagy in MG63 cells through modifying apoptotic and autophagy-related proteins.

Polydatin (POL) is an ingredient of many herbal medications and has pharmacological properties. The present study aimed to determine the antitumor potential of Polydatin loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (POL-PLGA-NPs) against the cancerous KB cell line. We evaluated the efficiency of synthesized nanoparticles on cell proliferation and apoptosis markers, in addition to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and its potential to induce damages on the mitochondrial membrane. Morphological changes in the cells (damage to DNA incurred due to cell lysis) were observed under Ethidium Bromide and Acridine orange staining techniques. The results evidenced the loss of cell viability, increased ROS, altered lipid peroxidation levels, increased DNA damage and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in target cancerous KB cells. Further, immunoblot analysis quantified the expression of caspases-3, -9 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) also supports the cell damage. Thus, the findings of the study suggested that POL-PLGA-NPs effectively induced oxidative stress by initiating cellular damage leading to apoptosis in KB cells.

This study has explored the fact that geraniol prevents isoproterenol (ISO)-induced oxidative stress and inflammation-mediated myocardial infarction (MI) through enhanced expression of peroxiredoxin-1 (Prdx-1) in experimental animal models. The experimental strategies of MI were stimulated through the subcutaneous direction of ISO (85 mg/kg body weight) for 14 days. ISO-directed models showed elevated heart rate levels and cardiac markers (serum creatine kinase [CK], serum CK-myocardial band, serum C-reactive proteins, and plasma homocysteine); increased cardiac-troponins-T, and troponin-I levels in both serum and myocardium. Moreover, we perceived that a higher level of lipid peroxidation molecules (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and lipid hydroperoxides) reduced the antioxidant enzyme levels in plasma and heart tissue of ISO-directed rats. However, geraniol treatment prevents ISO-directed enhancement of the heart rate, cardiac and lipid peroxidative genes; reverted the blood pressure, and antioxidant status in ISO-directed rats. Furthermore, gene expression results revealed that geraniol treatment inhibited the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) proteins, inflammatory responder (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin 6, nuclear factor-κB), and cardiac fibrotic proteins (matrix metalloproteinase-2[MMP-2], MMP-9) in ISO directed rats. Prdx-1 is an antioxidant response element, and it can regulate all the antioxidant proteins and it scavenges harmful radicals. Therefore, enhanced Prdx-1 expression is considered to have a pivotal role in preventing cardiac infarction. In this study, an elevated expression of Prdx1 was noticed in geraniol treated with ISO-directed rats. Hence, we concluded that geraniol is considered a potential phytodrug, and it prevents ISO-directed MAPKs, inflammation, and cardiac markers by enhancing the expression of Prdx1.

Over the period, several medicinal plants are recognized as attractive sources of anti-cancer molecules. About 35,000 plant organisms have been tested for possible anticancer activities by the National Cancer Center (NCI). Among them, reproducible anticancer behavior has been shown by around 3,000 plant organisms. Based on this information, we aimed to investigate the cancer preventive efficiency of Polydatin encapsulated PLGA nanoparticles (POL-PLGA-NPs) against 7,12 dimethylbenz (a) anthracene (DMBA) induced buccal pouch carcinogenesis by modulating the antioxidants process in male Syrian hamsters. Oral cancer was initiated on left side buccal pouches by applying DMBA (0.5%), (a known potent chemical carcinogen) on alternative days in a week (thrice a week) for a period of 14 weeks to provoke oral cancer. Sequences of oral squamous cell carcinoma are noted to be manifested exhibiting the formation of incidence, size, mass and development of tumor presented as preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions in hamsters oral buccal pouch tissues. At the same time, oral administration of POL-PLGA-NPs (30mg/kg.b.wt.) considerably increased glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione (GSH) levels in the buccal tissue thereby decreasing lipid peroxidation activity which resulted in neoplasms incidence in buccal tissue of DMBA painted animals. Thus, POL-PLGA-NPs activity seemed to be a potent cancer preventive agent.

Coronaviruses are enveloped non-segmented positive-sense RNA viruses belonging to the family Coronaviridae and the order Nidovirales and broadly distributed in humans and other mammals. The recommendations for the management of COVID-19 are mentioned in a lot of Updated Literature such as in The "L. Spallanzani" National Institute for the Infectious Diseases. These recommendations are considered as expert's opinions, which may be modified according to newly produced literature data. In addition, Chloroquine and its derivative, hydroxychloroquine, have a long history as safe and inexpensive drugs for use in malaria-endemic regions and as daily treatments for autoimmune diseases, with the most common side effect being eye damage after long-term use (Kapoor and Kapoor 2020). Although previous studies have revealed that chloroquine has therapeutic activity against viruses, including human corona virus OC43 in animal models and SARS-CoV in cell culture studies. we proposed that from natural Medicine the polyphenol compounds in olive leaf extracts were responsible for the stimulation of probiotic Microbes growth and metabolism and that olive leaf extracts ingested in human diet might have the same effect on desirable components of the intestinal microflora, Herbal medicines, plant products, and phototherapeutic have been widely used all over the world since ancient times. Such as Orange, garlic, Bananas, and lemon have an effect on increasing the immune system. On the other hand; Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are a piece of evidence to treat the harmful responses arising from reactive oxygen species (ROS). Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are microbial agents which could be potentially used as an alternative to anti-viral to treat human infectious disease, especially influenza; there is a novel treatment by using magnetite nanoparticles as nanomedicine drug for Covid- 19.

In this study, we have comparatively identified molecular and morphological features of ticks in Vellore district of Tamil Nadu. A total of 541 ticks were collected from domestic animals in the Vellore district of Tamil Nadu. The research was carried out between October 2018 and December 2019. The collected tick specimens were transferred into two sterile tubes and stored at room temperature in 70% alcohol. The tick was identified using PCR amplification of the 18SrRNA genes of Rhipicephalus sp (MW131877, MW318996, MW131878, MT952071) and Heamaphysalis sp (MW327046), the mtCOX1 gene of Rhipicephalus microplus (MT941478, MT941466, MT941463), and Hylomma marginatum (MW327046) (MW322564). The phylogenetic tree indicates that there was a common ancestor tick between Rhipicephalus sp., Heamaphysalis sp., and Hylomma marginatum in Vellore, Tamil Nadu. The tick was identified morphologically as two genera, Rhipicephalus sp. and Heamaphysalis sp. This is one of the first reports on ticks in the Vellore district of Tamil Nadu, as well as the morphological confirmation of two genera, Rhipicephalus and Heamaphisalis, through the sequencing of the 18SrRNA and mtCOX1 genes.

The identification of capable students majoring in music is difficult because of the limitations of traditionally used tools for predicting success. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between selected pre-college scores and (1) college cumulative honor point and (2) cumulative honor point in music courses attained at the time of college graduation, as a basis for predicting the academic success of freshmen proposing to major in music. All available scores were obtained for the ACT, the Minnesota Scholastic Aptitude Test, (MSAT), Triggs, Reading Survey, High School Rank, Cumulative College Honor Point Ratio and Honor Point in Music Courses for 71 music majors who graduated from St. Cloud College between December 1960 and August 1967. It was found that the best single predictor for college cumulative honor point and honor point in music courses was high school rank. A combination of high school rank, Triggs and MSAT produced the best multiple correlation coefficient figure as a predictor of college cumulative honor point or degree of academic success. College admissions personnel should find these relationships very useful in detecting the more able student, but should re-evaluate these results every few years. (JS)

Over the past two decades, many researchers have concluded that a diet rich in polyphenolic compounds plays an important therapeutic role in reducing the risk of cancer, cardiovascular disease, inflammation, diabetes, and other degenerative diseases. Polyphenolic compounds have been reported to be involved in neutralization of reactive oxygen species and charged radicals, and have anticarcinogenic effects, hepatoprotective effects, low-glycaemic response, and other benefits. The benefits of fruits and vegetables may be partly attributable to polyphenolic compounds, which have antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties. Fruits such as apples contain a variety of phytochemicals, including (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin, phlorizin, phloretin quercetin, cyanidin-3-Ogalactoside, chlorogenic acid, and p-coumaric acid, all of which are strong antioxidants. Phloretin, a natural phenolic compound, is a dihydrochalcone, which is present in the apple. It exhibits a wide variety of activities such as antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-allergic, anticarcinogenic, anti-thrombotic, and hepatoprotective, besides being involved in the activation of apoptotic associated gene expression and signal transduction in molecular pathways. Despite a multitude of clinical studies, new efforts are needed in clinical research to determine the complete therapeutic potential of phloretin.

Spinal cord injury is a devastating condition that is critically challenging and progressive, needing immediate medical attention due to its complex pathophysiology and affecting the social status and economic burden. Stem cell therapy has been the emerging therapeutic trend to treat various diseases for decades. Mesenchymal stem cells pose more advantages over other stem cells in immune-modulation, immune evasiveness, self-renewal, multipotency, etc. Due to various issues in the recent past related to allogenic transplants, ethical concerns in obtaining tissues and adult cells, host immune response, GMP grade production and certification, cell-derived products or cell secretome have proven to be a promising approach and have been implicated in many studies and also in many clinical trials. Utilization of these human MSC-derived exosomes/extracellular vesicles in spinal cord injury has also been demonstrated in many pre-clinical animal models. It is now proven to be therapeutically more efficient and safer than cell therapy. This review focuses on employing human MSC derived EVs for SCI and continues to elucidate the recent advances and emerging EVs trends from other cell types. We discuss biomaterial-based synergistic intervention, mention mimetics and nanovesicles and finally touch upon safety concerns in EV therapy.

To study the biological fabrication and characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using Gymnema sylvestre and their toxicity to breast cancer cells MCF-7.In the existing work, ZnO NPs were synthesized using leaf extract of the Indian medicinal plant Gymnema sylvestre and it was characterized by Particle size, Zeta potential, FT-IR, XRD and SEM analyses.This ZnO NPs to have potentially validated anticancer role in breast cancer cells MCF-7 in vitro approach.The plant-based synthesized ZnO NPs were evaluated against the inhibitory role on breast cancer cell lines. We significantly observed that ZnO-NPs induce efficient toxicity of MCF-7 cells by increasing ROS, mitochondrion membrane damage and apoptotic morphological alterations. These results stated that ZnO-NP induces Bax and Caspases and down-regulates Bcl-2 proteins in MCF-7 cells. Thus, the biologically synthesized ZnO NPs were identified as good performance to inhibit breast cancer cell growth even at low concentrations.

In this study, simple and green route approach was applied for the synthesis gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) containing an aqueous extract of Cynodon dactylon L. Pers., (C. dactylon). The synthesized AuNPs were characterized using spectral and microscopic analysis. The changes in the color pattern were observed upon synthesis by UV–vis spectrophotometer with a peak of 530 nm. The FT-IR, XRD, SEM, and TEM were used to analyze the crystal nature and morphology of the green synthesized AuNPs. The C. dactylon-loaded AuNPs in different concentrations (0.625–100 μg/ml) were used to assess cytotoxicity activity against MCF-7 cell line and where the IC50 was found to be 31.34 μg/ml by MTT assay. The C. dactylon-AuNPs were significantly increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, DNA fragmentation, and mitochondrial membrane changes observed by dichlorodihydroflurescenin diacetate (DCFH-DA), 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), Rhodamine-123, and acridine orange (AO)/ethidium bromide (EtBr) staining assay. Besides the microbial study revealed that C. dactylon-AuNPs exhibited significant antibacterial activity against clinically isolated pathogenic bacteria such as Enterobacter cloacae, Staphylococus Haemolytics, Staphylococcus petrasii subsp. Pragensis and Bacillus cereus with a zone of inhibition 13, 12, 13 and 12 mm, respectively. It could be concluded that C. dactylon has the ability to be involved in the biosynthesis of AuNPs, and the pharmacological studies proved the promising cytotoxic effect on MCF-7 cell line and pathogenic bacterial species.

We have proven that naringin, a phytonutrient, diminishes oxidative damage and inflammatory responses by modulating PPAR-γ expressions in ultraviolet-B radiation (UVB)-induced NIH-3T3 cells. However, the role of naringin against DNA damage, photoaging, and apoptosis in NIH-3T3 cells has yet to be studied, necessitating investigation. We show that Naringin pretreatment significantly reduces UVB-induced alkaline DNA damage and potentially modulates NER gene (XPC, TFIIH, XPE, ERCC1, and GAPDH) expression, thereby augmenting DNA repair. We determined experimentally that naringin pretreatment prevents UVB-induced nuclear fragmentation in NIH-3T3 cells, as well as altering UVB-induced apoptotic marker (Bax, BCl-2, Caspase-9, and Caspase-3) expression in them. In addition, naringin pretreatment inhibits UVB-stimulated matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-2, MMP-9 and MMP-13) expression in these 3T3 cells. Therefore, we report that naringin can effectively avert UVB-mediated DNA damage, photoaging, and apoptosis in NIH-3T3 cells.

We synthesized a novel wedelolactone-loaded poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid nanoparticle (WDL-PLGA NPs) and evaluated its antibacterial and induce cytotoxicity against breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cell line growth. The physicochemical properties of the WDL-PLGA NPs were defined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and dynamic scattering scanning (DLS) analyzer, and transmission microscopy (TEM) were analysis. FTIR results showed that functional groups of WDL were involved in stabilizing as capping agents. The WDL-PLGA-NPs were spherical shaped with a crystallinity of 53.1 nm in average sizes and a surface charge of −33.0 mV predicted from TEM and zeta potential, respectively. WDL-PLGA NPs exhibit significant antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The half-inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the formulated WDL-PLGA NPs was 23 μg/ml but 57 μg/ml in WDL in the breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cell line. The apoptotic effect, nuclear condensation, ROS generation, the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) of WDL-PLGA NPs were analyzed. Thus, WDL-PLGA NPs reduced the levels of Bcl-2 but increased the levels of Bax, which results in driving the cells to undergo apoptosis. Thus, the WDL-PLGA NPs were biocompatible with antibacterial and anticancer properties.