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This research examines the development of the Munggahan tradition in the Subang region of West Java. Munggahan is a tradition of welcoming the month of Ramadan that reflects the values of gratitude and gotong royong in Sundanese society. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative approach, involving field observations, literature studies, and interviews. The results showed that the Munggahan tradition includes several processions such as grave pilgrimage, padusan (holy bathing), eating together, and sidekah (tahlilan). The spiritual and social meanings contained in this tradition include expressions of gratitude to Allah SWT, respect for ancestors, and strengthening social ties within the community. However, research has also revealed a decline in interest in this tradition, especially among the younger generation, due to the influence of Westernization and technological developments. Nevertheless, the values contained in the Munggahan tradition are still considered relevant in the context of modern life, especially in strengthening social solidarity and the cultural identity of Sundanese society. This study concludes that despite the challenges of modernization, the Munggahan tradition still has cultural and spiritual significance for the people of Subang, West Java.

Background and purpose: Massive vaccine distribution is a crucial step to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV2 as the causative agent of COVID-19. This research aimed to design the multi-epitope self-amplifying mRNA (saRNA) vaccine from the spike and nucleocapsid proteins of SARS-CoV2. Experimental approach: Commonly distributed constructions class I and II alleles of the Indonesian population were used to determine peptide sequences that trigger this population’s high specificity T-cell response. The best vaccine candidate was selected through the analysis of tertiary structure validation and molecular docking of each candidate with TLR-4, TLR-8, HLA-A*24:02, and HLA-DRB1*04:05. The selected multi-epitope vaccine combined with the gene encoding the replication machinery that allows the RNA amplification in the host cell. Findings/Results: Seven B-cell and four T-cell epitopes from the protein target were highly antigenic and conserved, non-allergen, non-toxic, and hydrophilic. Tertiary structure validation then determined the best multi-epitope construction with 269 AA in length containing hBD-2 adjuvant and PADRE. Most residues are predicted to be accessible by solvent and show high population coverage (99,26%). Molecular docking analysis demonstrated a stable and strong binding affinity with immune receptors. A recombinant plasmid as the template for mRNA production was constructed by inserting the multi-epitope DNA and non-structural polyprotein 1-4 gene of VEEV, which encodes the RNA replication complex to the cloning site of pcDNA3.1(+). Conclusion and implication: In silico, design of self-amplifying mRNA could be a potential COVID-19 vaccine candidate since its ability to be amplified in the host cell can efficiently reduce the intake doses.

Bawaslu merupakan lembaga penting dalam pelaksanaan pemilu untuk memastikan proses penyelenggaraan pemilu berjalan sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan. Kompleksitas pelaksaan pemilu secara serentak menjadi tantangan bagi Bawaslu sebagai salah satu lembaga inti dalam proses pemilu serentak tahun 2024, agar dapat mengawasi pelaksanaan pemilu sesuai dengan regulasi yang diatur dalam Undang- Undang Pemilu atau UU No. 7 Tahun 2017. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji optimalisasi pengawasan pemilu serentak di Indonesia serta kewenangan Bawaslu dalam menghadapi pemilu serentak. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode yuridis normatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Bawaslu saat ini telah mampu melaksanakan tugas dan fungsinya sesuai dengan tujuan pembentukannya. Optimalisasi pengawasan pemilu serentak 2024 dilakukan Bawaslu melalui Peraturan Badan Pengawas Pemilu (Perbawaslu) serta mekanisme kerja yang telah diterapkan secara optimal agar proses pelaksanaan pemilu berjalan lancar sesuai dengan amanah konstitusi.

Several factors contribute to the incidence of hypertension during pregnancy, including a familial history of hypertension, obesity, and unhealthy dietary habits. Family habits can have a substantial impact on lifestyle, especially nutritional choices. This report presents a case of gestational hypertension in Mrs. DK, a 20-year-old pregnant woman with obesity, who was managed utilizing a family medicine approach. The identified root cause of her problem as an inherited genetic susceptibility to hypertension, exacerbated by poor dietary habit within the family. Mrs. DK and her family was given comprehensive intervention to ensure a healthy pregnancy. This strategy provided her with results in the form of controlled blood pressure and enhanced understanding of her condition and nutritional requirements, as well as strategies to fulfill them. Ongoing surveillance is necessary to guarantee that goals are being met.

The PhoR‐PhoP two‐component regulatory system, which is responsible for regulating the virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, presents a promising target for the development of novel tuberculosis drugs. Disrupting the interaction of PhoR‐PhoP proteins has the potential to decrease the virulence of the bacterium, rendering it more vulnerable to immune system clearance. A dimer‐based screening system was developed to screen for inhibitors of PhoR dimerization. The coding sequence for the cytoplasmic domain of PhoR (cytoPhoR) was combined with the DNA‐binding domain of the AraC repressor coding sequence. These sequences were positioned upstream of the emerald green fluorescent protein (EmGFP), which serves as a reporter gene. and controlled by the araC promoter. The in silico investigation examined the modeling of the fusion AraC_cytoPhoR and its binding to the promoter. The plasmid construct generated, namely pAraC_PhoRMTB, was synthesized and confirmed using DNA sequencing. The confirmed plasmid was then transformed into Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). Both SDS PAGE and fluorescence analysis indicated that the transformed culture expressed the AraC‐cytoPhoR fusion protein and displayed lower relative fluorescence in comparison to the transformed culture consisting solely of the AraC DNA‐binding domain coding sequence. This reduction in fluorescence suggests that the dimer‐based screening system effectively monitors the inhibition of dimerization of cytoPhoR. These analysis findings indicate that the system is now ready for use in the screening of PhoR dimerization inhibitors.

Poor self-efficacy and inability to control blood sugar (HbA1c) are special concerns in achieving structured self-management. Meanwhile, the use of educational media such as Comic book is a solution to improve the self-management of diabetes mellitus patients. Therefore, this research aimed to assess the effectiveness of comic book: BW (Brisk Walking) on ​​self-efficacy and HbA1C control in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in Takalar Regency. A quantitative method was used with a Quasi-Experimental two-group pre-post test design. The respondents were divided into two groups, namely Group 1 given comic Book: BW with WhatsApp Group monitoring, and Group 2 which received a similar intervention but without monitoring. A total of 60 respondents, 30 in each group were selected using the purposive sampling method, while data collection was carried out using the Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale (ESES) questionnaire consisting of 16 questions. Moreover, data analysis was conducted the T-test with a significance value of p

This study aims to determine the sectors that need to be developed in the non-golden triangle area of the SULAMPUA region as a result of the Nusantara Capital City (NCC) development. Descriptive research is being conducted utilizing secondary data from Statistics Indonesia’s 2016 IRIO (Inter-Regional Input-Output) table. The IRIO model is used in data analysis for 20 secondary sub-sectors. The SULAMPUA region comprises 10 provinces, with the Golden Triangle region comprising South Sulawesi, Central Sulawesi, and West Sulawesi. The study results show that to take advantage of opportunities for the development of NCC, several key industries need to be developed for non-golden triangle areas, namely the food industry (I-13), non-metallic mineral goods industry (I-21); other processing industries, machinery and equipment repair and installation services (I-27); and the wood industry, goods from wood and cork, and woven goods from bamboo, rattan, and the like (I-17). Maluku, Papua, and West Papua provinces have relatively little opportunity to develop the industrial sector and benefit from moving NCC. Because the sectors connected directly or indirectly and the key sectors of these three provinces are capital-intensive industries, MSMEs have more significant barriers to entry. This research can be a reference for local governments in exploring potential industrial sectors to be developed to achieve NCC development opportunities.

Information technology systems play a crucial role in enhancing efficiency within nursing services, particularly in minimizing administrative tasks related to patient care. Anesthesia services hold a paramount position in hospital operations, focusing significantly on patient safety through the management of preoperative conditions. This study aims to develop a computer-based information technology system, named LAPOR PAK, for reporting preoperative patient conditions. The system is designed to improve anesthesia practices, thereby reducing adverse events and promoting patient safety. The research utilized the Research and Development (R&D) methodology, implementing the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) to construct the LAPOR PAK system. The development process involved iterative testing and refinement to ensure functionality and usability. The outcome of the study is the LAPOR PAK system, which successfully facilitates the reporting of pre-anesthesia patient conditions. Testing revealed no data processing errors, with 20% of respondents rating the interface as good and 80% as very good. These findings underscore the system's effectiveness and utility in enhancing anesthesia services. The computer-based LAPOR PAK system represents a significant advancement in leveraging information technology to achieve patient safety goals in anesthesia. By streamlining preoperative reporting, the system not only minimizes adverse events but also supports routine monitoring and evaluation activities within healthcare settings.

The COVID-19 pandemic affected Indonesia's economic growth, which experienced a contraction in the first and second quarters of 2020. This study examines how economic contraction affects the collectability of Islamic banking in Indonesia, period for 2019: IV - 2020: II. The measurement of financial collectability is based on non-performing financing (NPF). The research data source comes from secondary data in publications from the Central Statistics Agency (CSA) and the Financial Services Authority (FSA). Data analysis uses descriptive statistics with the help of percentages, growth, and graphs. The results indicated that the economic contraction significantly impacted the decline in Islamic banking performance, as evidenced by an increase in NPF. The NPF increase occurs in all debtor groups: MSMEs, non-MSMEs, and households (consumption financing). The collectability of financing is separate from the area where COVID-19 spreads; where DKI Jakarta, East Java, and West Java are in the top five highest COVID-19 cases, they have better financing collectability than other provinces. Based on economic sectors, only mining and quarrying did not experience an increase in the NPF during the economic contraction period. These findings show differences with the growth-led finance paradigm. Regions that experience high cases of COVID-19 infection have better financing collectability. The practical implication of these findings is the importance of coordinating macro prudential policies with others, such as fiscal and actual sector policy, in encouraging the resilience of MSMEs, including managing the collectability of financing during economic contraction periods.

South Sulawesi is one of the largest rice production centers in Indonesia. Several important diseases of rice plants, such as those caused by viruses and phytoplasmas, can be transmitted by insect vectors, especially leafhoppers and stem plant. Symptoms of diseases caused by viruses and phytoplasmas are quite diverse but visually similar and difficult to distinguish. This study aims to analyze the presence of phytoplasma associated with white-backed planthopper which are commonly found in rice plantations. The research method used is by conducting surveys and explorations of insect samples in six villages in Sidrap District. White-back planthoppers found on rice plantations showing symptoms of yellowing and stunted leaves were sampled for further analysis, including total DNA isolation of insects, standard PCR amplification for insect and Nested-PCR for phytoplasma identification, gene sequencing for both amplicons, and nucleotide analysis using BLAST method and Mega X program. The PCR with CO1 primer successfully amplified a 700 bp amplicon from insects, whereas nested-PCR using fP1/rP7 primers followed by m23SR/R16F2n amplified phytoplasma supposedly around 1800 bp and 1250 bp of 16S RNA gene, respectively. The DNA sequencing analysis results indicate that the insect samples were identified as 83% Sogatella vibix species based on homology percentage analysis using BLAST and Mega X Program. As for the phytoplasma, it leans more towards the 16SrI group or Candidatus phytoplasma asteris (Aster yellows phytoplasma) with a homology percentage of 99%.

Objective To critically analyse literature on the anticancer properties of andrographolide in in vitro studies on gastric cancer cells. Method This study systematically reviewed articles from 2013 to 2024 across five prominent databases; PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, and Science Direct, EMBASE, Cochrane library and DOAJ. The study eligibility criteria include original studies assessing using gastric cancer cell lines and articles utilizing extracted andrographolide from Andrographis paniculata or standard andrographolide source treatment. The following exclusion criteria were articles written in a different language, review articles, book chapters, conference articles, scientific reports. Duplicated articles were removed using Mendeley software. Result Out of 93 articles, six were relevant, primarily focusing on in vitro analyses with gastric adenocarcinoma cell lines. Conclusion These studies indicate that andrographolide can hinder the cell cycle, suppress cell proliferation, alleviate oxidative stress, and induce apoptosis by prompting gastric cancer cells to undergo self-destruction, which is a crucial mechanism for controlling and eliminating cancerous growths.

Background: Divorce is a global issue, and its rate continues to increase every year. There has been a great deal of research on divorce; however, there has not been any attempt to provide a thorough scientific mapping of the topic. The networks, patterns, and divorce trends can be revealed through bibliometric analysis. This study aimed to identify the network visualization, overlay visualization, and density visualization of the factors that cause divorce. Methods: This research was a bibliometric analysis study. The keywords were identified by searching the database at dimensions application and followed the stages of the PRISMA (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses). The type of publication chosen was articles limited to publication from 2019 to 2023, focusing on human society, health science, psychology, and biomedical fields. Data were analyzed using VOSViewer software, version 1.6.18, and then reviewed by the co-occurrence and co-authors. Results: The underlying factors of divorce found in this bibliometric study are very diverse. Based on network visualization, there were 178 items in 7 clusters with 5123 links and a total link strength of 40770. Through overlay visualization, the research trend regarding the factors related to divorce was early marriage, attitude toward marriage, HIV testing, depressive symptoms, sexual abuse, the COVID-19 pandemic, and culture. Meanwhile, according to density visualization, the topics with low category visualization were marital burnout, sexual violence against women, non-suicidal self-injury, physical abuse, and sexual satisfaction. Conclusion: Previous studies have found a lot about the factors causing divorce through qualitative and quantitative study methods, but still, few studies have focused on how to prevent divorce. For other researchers, choosing a topic that belongs to the low visualization category is recommended to explore themes that have not yet been widely researched.

Context: Preeclampsia prevention is important for reducing maternal mortality and morbidity worldwide. Recent studies have explored the use of to prevent preeclampsia and improve maternal, perinatal, or neonatal outcomes. However, the results are still debatable. Aims: To evaluate the role of pravastatin in the prevention of preeclampsia in pregnant women. Methods: This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving studies with healthy pregnant women receiving pravastatin vs. control to observe the risk of preeclampsia. Literature searching was conducted in PubMed, Science Direct, EBSCO/CINAHL, PROQUEST, and SCOPUS. Statistical analyses were performed using the Review Manager 5.4.1 software. Results: Five studies were initially identified for meeting the inclusion criteria; 2 studies were treatment studies and had to be excluded, and one small study only used pravastatin for a few weeks, leaving only two studies for statistical analysis. Administration of pravastatin was associated with a reduced risk of preeclampsia (OR: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.29-0.90; p= 0.02) and preterm delivery (OR: 0.31; 95% CI: 0.16-0.58; p

This research was motivated by the UNIMUDA Sorong, one of the multicultural campuses in Papua. This research aimed to measure the level of application and understanding of students at the Department of Pancasila and Citizenship Education, Universitas Pendidikan Muhammadiyah (hence: UNIMUDA) Sorong, in strengthening the existence of multiculturalism values in the academic environment. This research was conducted using a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. The subjects and objects of this research were conducted in the Department of Pancasila and Citizenship Education. The results of this study indicated that the value of multiculturalism had been integrated into the department's curriculum. Besides, students from various ethnic, racial, and religious backgrounds could apply the value of multiculturalism to the Papuan environment. Then, students believed that citizenship within the scope of multiculturalism played the most important role in advancing the diversity of Indonesians, so diversity is not a source of conflict but rather for mutual tolerance and mutual respect in building the foundation of Indonesia's ethnic diversity.

HIGHLIGHTS • WhatsApp groups can effectively overcome the constraints of antenatal care in delivering health education to pregnant women. • The scope of health information about pregnancy should be expanded as this study has shown that it enhances their level of knowledge. ABSTRACT Objective: Hypertension in pregnancy, including preeclampsia, is the third most common cause of maternal mortality in Indonesia; one of the problems is low preeclampsia knowledge in the community. WhatsApp, as a social media platform, could facilitate spearheading promotive and preventive efforts, especially for high-risk mothers in the community. This study aimed to analyze the difference in levels of knowledge after receiving education through WhatsApp groups. Materials and Methods: This was a pre-experimental study using one group pre-test and one post-test design. The sample size was 58 high-risk pregnant women in one of the Public Health Centers in Surabaya. Respondents completed a preeclampsia knowledge questionnaire before and after receiving health education via WhatsApp group for 12 days. The results were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed rank test, Mann-Whitney U-Test, and Kruskal Wallis test. Results: Most respondents had good knowledge about preeclampsia before and improved after intervention. All respondents had a difference in knowledge before and after the intervention (p

BACKGROUND: Amino acids are one of the essential metabolites, especially the 20 amino acids that are preserved as the building blocks of protein. Alterations in amino acid concentrations are related to disease such as inborn error of metabolism, cancer, as well as nutritional status. Hence, it is necessary to define reference values of 20 plasma-free amino acids for Indonesian toddlers and to establish a robust measurement technique using chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (MS). METHODS: This study was a cross-sectional preliminary study to establish reference values. The sample was prepared by mixing plasma with 20% sulfosalicylic acid. Plasma-free amino acids were measured with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) non-derivatization technique using column XTerra for chromatographic separation coupled with tandem MS. Amino acids reference values were taken from 101 healthy Indonesian toddlers aged 1-3 years old. Since amino acids data were not Gaussian distributed, the lower and upper of the reference value was established from the 5th percentile and the 95th percentile, respectively. RESULTS: Analysis for 20 amino acids was validated. The accuracy ranged from 90.53-105.39% and the precision ranged from 0.06-3.80%. The limit of detection range was 1-2 nmol/mL, and the limit of quantification range was 2-4 nmol/mL. The result was linear, with R2 higher than 0.998. There was no significant difference between boys and girls for all amino acids except for glycine. CONCLUSION: HPLC with tandem MS method can be used to evaluate amino acids in clinical practice. The reference values obtained are specific for aged 1-3 years old from urban areas in Indonesia. The study suggests that for each population, the reference values for amino acids should be established. KEYWORDS: amino acids, high-performance liquid chromatography, tandem mass spectrometry, reference values, Indonesia

Abstract Background Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), known as fall armyworm (FAW), is a wide-scale invasion pest that resulted in crop yield loss and certainly caused critical economic damage. Therefore, several control strategies such as the application of entomopathogen agent to control the population can be applied. The study aimed to designate and identify the candidate entomopathogens fungi (EPF) from South Sulawesi to control FAW. Results The research was conducted in several stages: field exploration, isolation, purification, bioassay, and morphological or genetical identification of selected fungi. The identification found out that: Sarocladium strictum, Talaromyces purpureogenus, and Aspergillus terreus had significant mortality percentages and incubation time in killing FAW. The highest mortality percentage was obtained in the case of the A. terreus (MLN8) isolate with an average mortality of 83.33% (2 days after incubation); A. terreus (4b) with an average mortality of 76.67% (4 days after incubation); both S. strictum (3) and T. purpureogenus (2B) required 3 and 5 days to control FAW, respectively, with 73% mortality percentage. Conclusion Ultimately, the exploration of several areas in South Sulawesi discovered potential EPF to suppress the FAW population biologically. Therefore, the identification of those EPFs contributes to FAW strategies control and the development of biopesticides.

Chronic hepatitis B virus infection (CHB) remains a global health concern, with currently available antiviral therapies demonstrating limited effectiveness in preventing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. Two primary challenges in CHB treatment include the persistence of the minichromosome, covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) of the hepatitis B virus (HBV), and the failure of the host immune response to eliminate cccDNA. Recent findings indicate several host and HBV proteins involved in the epigenetic regulation of cccDNA, including HBV core protein (HBc) and HBV x protein (HBx). Both proteins might contribute to the stability of the cccDNA minichromosome and interact with viral and host proteins to support transcription. One potential avenue for CHB treatment involves the utilization of therapeutic vaccines. This paper explores HBV antigens suitable for epigenetic manipulation of cccDNA, elucidates their mechanisms of action, and evaluates their potential as key components of epigenetically-driven vaccines for CHB therapy. Molecular targeted agents with therapeutic vaccines offer a promising strategy for addressing CHB by targeting the virus and enhancing the host's immunological response. Despite challenges, the development of these vaccines provides new hope for CHB patients by emphasizing the need for HBV antigens that induce effective immune responses without causing T cell exhaustion.

Abstrak Gastroenteritis akut (GEA) adalah radang lambung, usus kecil, atau usus besar yang ditandai dengan kombinasi sakit perut, kram, mual, muntah, dan diare yang berlangsung

The predominant sources of collagen for cosmetic purposes were traditionally derived from bovine and porcine products, such as bones, tendons, and connective tissues. However, these sources are gradually declining in popularity due to their restricted availability, religious constraints, and disease-related concerns. Consequently, there is an urgent necessity to explore alternative sustainable collagen sources. Marine species offer a promising and sustainable supply for alternative collagen sources due to lower risk of disease transmission, freedom from religious restrictions, biocompatibility, lower molecular weight, lower production costs, and simpler absorption by the human body. This study objective highlights to explore potential collagen sources from marine resources (fishes, poriferans, mollusks, crustaceans, echinoderms, and coelenterates) for cosmetic applications. A variety of marine collagen sources with different extraction techniques will be compared. The study finds that fish by-products, particularly skins and bones, are becoming a very encouraging sustainable collagen source contrasted with other alternatives. They exhibit a significant collagen content, comprising up to 61.26 % of their dry weight under acid-soluble collagen (ASC) extraction method. Fish skin and bone-derived collagen is mostly composed of type I collagen and has been proven to possess notable capabilities as an antioxidant, antiaging, and skin-whitening agent. Therefore, the utilization of marine collagen as a key ingredient in cosmetics promotes responsible sourcing, encourages eco-friendly practices, and fosters a circular economy by making the most of underutilized marine materials.

Stunting is a chronic nutritional problem characterized by height or body length that is not proportional to age. The prevalence of stunting at the Bandarharjo Health Center is the highest in Semarang City in 2021 reaching 534 children under five. Low nutritional intake and genetic and economic factors are some of the factors that influence the incidence of stunting. The study aimed to determine the risk factors for stunting in toddlers at the Bandarharjo Health Center. This study used cross-sectional with a sample of 51 families with stunting toddlers recorded at the Bandarharjo Health Center. The selection of subjects in total sampling is then data obtained through questionnaires. The data were analyzed using the chi-square test.This study showed that the Family Per Capita Income was low at 9.8%, and the Family Per Capita Income was high at 90.2%; the results showed that family income was not significantly related (p = 0.368) with the incidence of stunting. Conclusion: The level of Low Family Per Capita Income in children under the age of 2 – 5 years in the working area of the Bandarharjo Health Center Semarang City is 9.8%, and the level of High Family Per Capita Income is 90.2% and there is no relationship between Family Per Capita Income and the incidence of stunting in children under the age of 0 - 24 month in the working area of the Bandarharjo Health Center, Semarang City.

Arthritis gout merupakan penyakit yang berhubungan dengan tingginya kadar asam urat dalam darah. Tingginya kadar asam urat dapat menyebabkan serangan gout bersifat mendadak, berulang dan disertai dengan arthritis yang terasa sangat nyeri pada bagian sendi. Mencegah terjadinya komplikasi diperlukan upaya perawatan untuk mengontrol kadar asam urat, selain pengaturan makanan rendah purin upaya untuk mengurangi akumulasi endapan kristal monosodium urat di dalam darah maka dilakukan terapi aktivitas yaitu senam ergonomik yang direkomendasikan mampu menurunkan kadar asam urat. Studi kasus ini bertujuan dengan penerapan senam ergonomik untuk menurunkan kadar asam urat pada klien Gout Arthritis. Desain penulisan studi kasus ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan proses asuhan keperawatan mulai dari pengkajian hingga evaluasi pada klien yang memenuhi kriteria. Studi kasus menunjukkan bahwa ketiga klien mengalami penurunan kadar asam urat dengan rata-rata 2,4 mg/dL setelah dilakukan senam ergonomik yang dilakukan selama 3 kali dalam seminggu selama 20 menit. Pemberian senam ergonomik mampu menurunan kadar asam urat pada klien Gout Arthritis di RW 4 Desa Wonoplumbon. Diharapkan penerapan senam ergonomik menjadi salah satu intervensi yang dapat dilakukan pada klien Gout Arthritis.

Pembelajaran biologi yang mempelajari tentang makhluk hidup mempunyai daya tarik tersendiri yang menarik minat dan perhatian peserta didik saat belajar. Namun banyak siswa yang menganggap biologi adalah mata pelajaran yang sulit dan membosankan. Oleh karena itu, sangat penting bagi guru untuk berperan aktif dalam mengelola pembelajaran di kelas, mengubah persepsi siswa dan meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar siswa dengan menerapkan model learning cycle dalam pembelajaran IPA. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian Tindakan kelas (PTK) atau Classroom Action Research. Penelitian dengan menggunakan model Learning cycle ini dilakukan sebanyak 2 Siklus yaitu Siklus I dan Siklus II dimana setip siklusnya terdiri dari 3 kali pertemuan. Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei di MTsS Darul Istiqamah Tahun Ajaran 2023/2024. Sample dalam penelitian ini adalah Siswa Kelas VIII yang terdiri dari 19 Siswa. Dalam penelitian PTK dengan menggunakan model Learning Cycle ini dilakukan beberapa Tahapan yakni Perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan, observasi atau pengamatan, evaluasi dan refleksi. Hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan dengan menerapkan Model Learning Cycle terjadi peningkatan ketuntasan belajar pada siklus I sebanyak 47,37% ke siklus II sebanyak 100%. Pada siklus I dalam implementasi model Learning Cycle dimana siswa belum mampu menerapkan konsep yang akan dipelajari dan masih kurang peduli dengan materi yang diberikan oleh Guru yang menyebabkan siswa kurang memperhatikan penjelasan dari Guru. Pada Siklus II Guru juga sudah menguasai kelas dan menyampaikan materi dengan baik sehingga hasil belajar siswa pada siklus II semuanya Tuntas.

Background Diabetic retinopathy (DR) constitutes a primary cause of blindness across all age groups. Ophthalmologists examine fundus images (FI) to detect and classify stages of DR. Development of deep learning can help clinicians to attain a larger volume in screening and diagnosing diabetic retinopathy, thereby decreasing the burden of visual impairment caused by DR. This study aimed to classify DR using ensemble convolutional neural networks (CNN) architectures. Methods We used data from the Indian Diabetic Retinopathy Image Dataset which consist of typical diabetic retinopathy lesions at pixel level. The dataset contains typical diabetic retinopathy structures as well as normal retinal structures and is divided into three parts: segmentation, classification, and location. There are 516 original color fundus images in the classification used as training set (413 images) and testing set (103 images). We used ensemble CNN architectures to classify diabetic retinopathy as no DR, mild non-proliferative DR (NPDR), moderate NPDR, severe NPDR and proliferative DR (PDR) based on fundus image. Results In this study we successfully created a model with ensemble CNNs to detect DR based on fundus images with area-under-the-curve, sensitivity, and specificity of 0.88, 0.89, and 0.90, respectively, which is on par with the most modern methods. Conclusion Based on the results, this model performs quite well in early detection of diabetic retinopathy and can be used to develop a more accurate model for detecting and classifying diabetic retinopathy. This model can also be used in assisting mass screening at lower cost without reducing diagnostic effectiveness.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains an important healthcare challenge, leading to liver diseases like cirrhosis and cancer. In response, we created a prophylactic and therapeutic HBV vaccine by integrating HBcAg and HBsAg from HBV genotype B into Norovirus (NoV) GII.2 P domain (PdomGII.2-HBV) for enhanced intranasal delivery. This vaccine also aimed to simultaneously prevent NoV infection, which causes gastroenteritis. Since the selected HBV epitopes have undergone extensive research and are tailored to the Indonesian population, this study focused on identifying NoV epitopes and assessing T cell epitopes coverage of the PdomGII.2-HBV for the Indonesian population. Following that, we expressed the PdomGII.2-HBV protein using Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) and employed a gentle solubilization technique for protein purification. Our in-silico analysis identified two B cell epitopes, along with 15 CD4+T cell epitopes and 35 CD8+T cell epitopes within the GII.2 P domain. These T cell epitopes cover 100% of the Javanese-Sundanese population's HLA allele variations, which constituted the largest demographic group in Indonesia. Subsequently, we successfully purified the presumed PdomGII.2-HBV protein, revealing a molecular weight of 39.5 kDa. Following the successful expression and purification of the presumed PdomGII.2-HBV protein, it is evident that this vaccine design has significant potential, warranting further study.

Every country has a unique style regarding the parliamentary system they follow. This parliamentary system may experience changes or developments that differ from the initial concept. It is expected because each country has other political, cultural, social, and economic conditions. It is normative legal research with a historical and conceptual approach, then conducted in a comparative study. The results of this study found that the French parliamentary system is included in the category of Medium-Strength bicameralism with asymmetrical and incongruent characteristics. The Dutch parliament belongs to medium-strength bicameralism with symmetrical and harmonious features. The Austrian legislature, known as the Bundesrat, does not have the same power as the Nationalrat, so the management of the two chambers of parliament is asymmetrical. Meanwhile, the parliamentary system in Indonesia can be classified as medium-strength bicameralism with asymmetrical and incongruent buildings. The parliamentary system can indirectly affect the effectiveness of the legislature's performance. Sometimes, the system adopted can make parliament an effective and efficient institution or vice versa. A small example is France, which can complete over 50% of proposed legislation in one year. Meanwhile, from 2020-2024, only 17 draft laws were constructed in Indonesia out of 215 registered. This figure is only 7.9% of the total proposed bill. Suppose the parliamentary system adopted has yet to bring parliament into a better, transparent, efficient, and open legislative body. In that case, the system can be re-evaluated by considering the existing ideal parliamentary concept.

Background. Perinatal asphyxia is still one of the main causes of neonatal mortality and morbidity, especially in the first week of life in developing countries. In Indonesia, based on data reported by the Directorate of Family Health in 2020, of the 28,158 deaths of infants and toddlers, 72% (20,266 deaths) occurred during the neonatal period. One of the causes of neonatal death is perinatal asphyxia. Objective. To analyze risk factors affecting severe perinatal asphyxia in tertiary hospital. Method. Analytical observational research with case-control design. The data source is secondary data on mothers and babies born at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital from January 1 to December 31, 2021. The inclusion criteria were all neonates with perinatal asphyxia and the exclusion criteria were incomplete data. Results. The prevalence of severe perinatal asphyxia at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital in 2021 is 3.9% (115/2,885). Prematurity was significantly associated with severe perinatal asphyxia (p=0.000). Low birth weight is also significantly related to severe perinatal asphyxia (p=0.000). The most dominant risk factor for severe perinatal asphyxia is prematurity. Extremely preterm have a 232.8 (95% CI: 35.8-2920.3) times higher risk of experiencing perinatal asphyxia compared to very preterm (OR 36.2, 95% CI: 12.4-105.4), moderately preterm (OR 11.6, 95 %CI: 4.1-22.6) and late preterm (OR 3.3, 95%CI: 1.1-9.1). Conclusion. Risk factors for severe perinatal asphyxia are prematurity and low birth weight. Prematurity is the most dominant risk factor for severe perinatal asphyxia in tertiary hospital.

Hipertensi pada lansia jika tidak terkontrol akan menimbulkan komplikasi, maka dari itu lansia perlu memahami terkait hipertensi dan melakukan self management untuk menjaga kestabilan tekanan darah. Studi kasus ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas penerapan metode edukasi audiovisual dapat meningkatkan self management pada lansia penderita hipertensi di Wilayah Kelurahan Meteseh RW 21 RT 04. Studi ini menggunakan metode studi kasus deskriptif berfokus pada kasus dan dianalisis dengan menerapkan asuhan keperawatan, sampel pada studi kasus ini dipilih sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi. Instrumen yang digunakan lembar kuesioner dan alat pengukuran tekanan darah digital, prosedur pada studi kasus ini sebelum diberikan edukasi audiovisual durasi 8 menit, tekanan darah diukur dan mengkaji tingkat pengetahuan terkait hipertensi, setelah 7 hari diberikan penerapan dilakukan evaluasi. Lansia yang mengalami hipertensi mampu meningkatkan self management, pengetahuan lansia meningkat, serta penurunan tekanan darah. Studi kasus ini yaitu edukasi audiovisual efektif dalam meningkatkan self management pada lansia penderita hipertensi

ABSTRAK H-AI merupakan perusahaan yang memproduksi Ban Dalam dan Ban Luar sepeda, beragam merk. Di tengah permintaan produk yang terus meningkat, masalah bermunculan diantaranya defect, reject, rework dan scrap. Sehingga Perusahaan melakukan program perbaikan kualitas dengan fokus pada pelaksanaan QCC. Salah satu perbaikan yang dilakukan adalah menurunkan Defect Run Out. Data yang digunakan diambil berdasarkan jumlah defect terbanyak dari jumlah produksi pada size tertentu, untuk mengantisipasi jika setiap size memiliki penyebab yang berbeda. Dari hasil perhitungan diperoleh jumlah defect selama tiga bulan sebelum pelaksanaan QCC untuk 5 sizes terbesar adalah 25.497pcs dengan jenis defect terbanyak adalah Run Out sebesar 14.275pcs, atau 56% dari total defect. Setelah dilakukan proses perbaikan, terjadi penurunan sebesar 4,221 pieces selama tiga bulan berikutnya. ABSTRACT H-AI is a company that manufactures bicycle tires and tires, various brands. Amidst the ever-increasing demand for products, problems have emerged including defects, rejects, rework and scrap. So that the Company carries out a quality improvement program with a focus on QCC implementation. One of the improvements made is to reduce the Defect Run Out. The data used is taken based on the highest number of defects from the number of production at a certain size, to anticipate if each size has a different cause. From the calculation results, it was obtained that the number of defects for three months before the implementation of QCC for the 5 largest sizes was 25,497pcs with the most type of defect being Run Out of 14,275pcs, or 56% of the total defects. After the repair process was carried out, there was a decrease of 4,221 pieces over the following three months.

Indonesia boasts diverse native chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) known for more disease resistance in comparison to broiler chicken, and Kampung Unggul Balitbangtan (KUB)-1 is designated as Indonesia's superior breed. Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) is associated with salmonellosis, a foodborne illness that can be transmitted by transovarial, wherein colonisation in the oviduct ascends to the ovaries. However, studies mimicking transovarial salmonellosis via intravaginal treatment of chicken have been limited. Meanwhile, Cytosine-phosphate-guanine oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG-ODN) stimulation has been known to induce avian β-defensins (AvBDs). This in vivo study aimed to determine the effects of intravaginal CpG-ODN treatment and SE challenged on microbial count and AvBD10 expression regarding the potential of intravaginally CpG-ODN to enhance innate immunity as an alternative approach against transovarial Salmonellosis. A total of 39 KUB-1 chickens were divided into four groups: T1 (CpG-ODN treatment), T2 (SE treatment), T3 (CpG-ODN treatment + challenged with SE), and C (Control). Observation was carried out from day 1 to day 4 post-intravaginal (PI). We found a significant increase in ovarian microbial count (p≤0.05). Notably, ovaries and oviducts remained uncontaminated post-SE challenge. Intravaginal CpG-ODN treatment significantly upregulated AvBD10 in both ovaries (p=0.016) and oviducts (p=0.023). Therefore, KUB-1 chickens exhibit SE immunity, and intravaginal CpG-ODN administration holds promise for preventing transovarial Salmonellosis in laying hens.

Abstract Background Since effective antiviral drugs for COVID-19 are still limited in number, the exploration of compounds that have antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 is in high demand. Porphyrin is potentially developed as a COVID-19 antiviral drug. However, its low solubility in water restricts its clinical application. Reconstruction of porphyrin into carbon dots is expected to possess better solubility and bioavailability as well as lower biotoxicity. Methods and results In this study, we investigated the antiviral activity of porphyrin and porphyrin-derived carbon dots against SARS-CoV-2. Through the in silico analysis and assessment using a novel drug screening platform, namely dimer-based screening system, we demonstrated the capability of the antivirus candidates in inhibiting the dimerization of the C-terminal domain of SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid. It was shown that porphyrin-derived carbon dots possessed lower cytotoxicity on Vero E6 cells than porphyrin. Furthermore, we also assessed their antiviral activity on the SARS-CoV-2-infected Vero E6 cells. The transformation of porphyrin into carbon dots substantially augmented its performance in disrupting SARS-CoV-2 propagation in vitro. Conclusions Therefore, this study comprehensively demonstrated the potential of porphyrin-derived carbon dots to be developed further as a promisingly safe and effective COVID-19 antiviral drug.

HIGHLIGHTS • The most common CHD was atrial septal defect for acyanotic CHD and Tetralogy of Fallot for cyanotic CHD. • There was no association between maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and type of CHD in offspring. ABSTRACT Objectives: This study aimed to determine the association between maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and type of congenital heart disease (CHD) in offspring. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study involved all mothers of children with CHD who visited Pediatric Outpatient Unit at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia, from January to December 2019. The maternal data were obtained from the KIA's (Maternal and Child Health) book or through anamnesis by telephone, while the offspring’s data were collected from medical records. The data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test. Significance was determined at a 5% level (p

HIGHLIGHTS • Monochorionic monoamniotic (MCMA) twin pregnancy has a significant risk of perinatal morbidity and mortality, including intrauterine fetal death (IUFD). • The risk of prematurity, the risk of death due to MCMA complications, the availability of the NICU, also high costs on preterm care were factors in deciding to terminate the pregnancy. • The ideal time to deliver monochorionic twins in order to reduce the risks of cord entanglement, growth discrepancies, and intrauterine fetal death is still a point of controversy. • Early diagnosis, intensive antenatal monitoring, patient and family decision would contribute to antenatal mortality reduction. ABSTRACT Objectives: To present the management of monochorionic monoamniotic (MCMA) twin pregnancy. Case Report: Advanced prenatal treatment has improved the prognosis for Monochorionic Monoamniotic (MCMA) pregnancies; however, there is still no agreement on how to handle MCMA twins. The authors report 2 cases of monoamniotic monochorionic twin pregnancies. In the first case, a 30-years-old primi pregnant woman detected MCMA at 14 weeks of gestation; no complications related to MCMA were found; she planned delivery at 32 weeks, but one of the babies died in the womb at 31/32 weeks pregnant, a live baby born by cesarean section. The second case was a 36-year-old pregnant woman, on her third pregnancy, diagnosed with MCMA after 12 weeks of pregnancy, no complications related to MCMA, the baby was born at 32 weeks pregnant, and both babies survived. The management was the same in both cases, but different outcomes were obtained; in case 1, the baby died allegedly due to cord entanglement, which could not be detected during pregnancy.

This study aimed to determine student eco-literacy by giving projects in the Waste Management course. This qualitative research uses a survey approach to obtain data from certain natural places (not made by researchers). Still, researchers carry out the treatment in collecting data by distributing questionnaires and giving eco-literacy projects to 26 FKIP UMMA students. The data analysis technique used was Miles and Huberman’s data reduction. The analysis showed that all aspects received a positive response from students of 98%. It means that students were interested in writing to take part in learning by utilizing the environment as a source of learning. The projects produced by students showed an attraction to eco-literacy learning by giving projects. ABSTRAK: Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui ekoliterasi mahasiswa dengan pemberian proyek pada mata kuliah Pengolahan Limbah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan survey, metode survey digunakan untuk mendapatkan data dari tempat tertentu yang alamiah (bukan buatan peneliti) tetapi peneliti melakukan perlakuan dalam pengumpulan data dengan mengedarkan angket dan pemberian proyek ekoliterasi pada Mahasiswa FKIP UMMA berjumlah 26 orang. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu reduksi data Miles and Huberman. Hasil analisis diperoleh bahwa seluruh aspek yang dinyatakan sebagai kemampuan ecoliterasi mahasiswa proyek mendapatkan respon positif dari mahasiswa sebesar 98%. Hal ini berarti mahasiswa tertarik secara tertulis untuk mengikuti pembelajaran dengan memanfaatkan lingkungan sebagai sumber belajar begitu pula dengan proyek yang dihasilkan oleh mahasiswa menunjukkan bahwa ada daya tarik pembelajaran ekoliterasi dengan pemberian proyek.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dedak padi pada terhadap pertumbuhan Jakaba, mengetahui senyawa-senyawa aktif yang terkandung dalam jakaba serta pengaruh jakaba sebagai insektisida terhadap mortalitas larva Ostrinia fulnacaris Guenee. Metode penelitian adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 4 perlakuan takaran dedak padi yaitu A ; control, B;10 gr, C ; 15 gr dan D ; 20 gr. Untuk pengujian mortalitas perlakuan teridiri dari A; 4 gr, B; 6 gr, C; 8 gr, D; 10 gr. Data berat basah jakaba dan mortalitas larva dianalisis dengan Anova. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan 20 gr dedak padi menghasilkan rata-rata berat basah tertinggi yaitu 38,3 gr. Hasil uji senyawa jakaba mengandung senyawa saponin, alkaloid, tannin dan polifenol. Perlakuan terbaik yang menunjukkan rata-rata mortalitas larva tertinggi pada perlakuaan 10 gr jakaba yaitu 2,7 larva.

Introduction: Pregnancy, defined as the state in which a woman carries an embryo in her uterus for approximately 38 to 40 weeks from the first day of menstruation. According to WHO standards, the normal pregnancy period ranges from 37 to 42 weeks. Prenatal care is highly recommended to reduce the risk of fetal death and complications. Folic acid supplementation during pregnancy is considered crucial in preventing neural tube defects and congenital abnormalities, with WHO recommending supplementation as a preventive measure. Despite evolving information on the benefits of folic acid, the compliance level of pregnant women remains low. Therefore, this research becomes an interesting exploration. The research aims to explore the behavior of pregnant women regarding compliance with folic acid consumption in the working area of Malawei Public Health Center, Manoi District, Sorong City. Methods: The applied method is an analytical design with a Cross-Sectional approach, conducted from May to July 2023. The study population involved 197 first-trimester pregnant women, with a sample size of 70 respondents selected using accidental sampling. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test. Results: Findings indicate that the majority of respondents are aged 20-35 years, unemployed, have a high school education, and income ranging from Rp1,000,000 to Rp5,000,000. 58.6% of pregnant women exhibited sufficient behavior, and 85.7% of them were classified as compliant in consuming folic acid. The chi-square test analysis shows a significant relationship between the behavior of first-trimester pregnant women and compliance with folic acid consumption, with a p-value of 0.004, indicating that the p-value is < 0.05. Conclusion: There is a correlation between the behavior of pregnant women and the extent to which they comply with folic acid consumption. The implication of this research is the need for the development of interventions or health education programs focused on improving the behavior of pregnant women to enhance compliance with folic acid consumption during pregnancy.

Automated school libraries have become a necessity. Library automation systems have been designed and built by information technology experts, especially in the field of librarianship. SLiMS (Senayan Library Management System) is one of the well-known library automation applications and is widely used in various types of libraries. Ismail Marzuki MAN 3 Pekanbaru Library has developed a library management system into an automated library system using the SLiMS application. How is the implementation of the system, at the Ismail Marzuki MAN 3 Library Pekanbaru, the researchers conducted a descriptive study with a qualitative approach. Data was collected using interview, observation and documentation techniques. Based on the results and discussion of the research, it is known that the implementation of the SLiMS library automation application at the Ismail Marzuki MAN 3 Pekanbaru Library, goes through the following stages: Provision of hardware and software; Provision of managing resources; Selection of the appropriate system; System installation; and Operational systems for implementation of technical and user services, and are heavily influenced by budgetary support, management resources and availability of hardware and software. Perpustakaan sekolah terotomasi sudah menjadi kebutuhan. Sistem otomasi perpustakaan telah banyak dirancang dan dibangun oleh para pakar teknologi informasi, terutama di bidang kepustakawanan. SLiMS (Senayan Library Management System) merupakan salah satu aplikasi otomasi perpustakaan terkenal dan banyak dimanfaatkan di perpustakaan dalam berbagai jenis. Perpustakaan Ismail Marzuki MAN 3 Pekanbaru telah melakukan pengembangan sistem pengelolaan perpustakaan menjadi sistem perpustakaan terotomasi menggunakan aplikasi SLiMS. Bagaimana implementasi sistem tersebut, di Perpustakaan Ismail Marzuki MAN 3 Pekanbaru, maka peneliti melakukan kajian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan teknik wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Berdasar hasil dan pembahasan penelitian, diketahui bahwa implementasi aplikasi otomasi perpustakaan SLiMS di Perpustakaan Ismail Marzuki MAN 3 Pekanbaru, melalui tahapan-tahapan: Penyediaan perangkat keras dan perangkat lunak; Penyediaan sumberdaya pengelola; Pemilihan sistem yang sesuai; Instalasi sistem; dan Operasional sistem untuk penerapan pada layanan teknis dan pemustaka, serta sangat dipengaruhi oleh dukungan anggaran, sumberdaya pengelola dan ketersediaan perangkat keras dan perangkat lunak. Kata kunci: Perpustakaan Sekolah; Otomasi; SLiMS (Senayan Library Management System)

This study investigates the influence of aggregate demand on the interregional energy sector in Indonesia, aiming to ascertain whether the proximity of regions impacts the demand within the energy sector. Utilizing data from the Input-Output Indonesia Interregional Table, this research encompasses six regions: Sumatra, Java, Bali & Nusa Tenggara, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Maluku & Papua. The energy sectors analyzed include oil, gas & geothermal mining, coal & lignite mining, coal industry & oil, gas refinery, and electricity and gas procurement & ice production. Findings indicate that the electricity sector exhibits relatively high sensitivity and dispersion power indices, whereas the gas procurement & ice production sectors display low sensitivity and dispersion power indices. Exports are identified as the primary contributors to the Oil, Gas, & Geothermal Mining and Coal & Lignite Mining sectors. Conversely, household consumption has the most significant impact on the other sectors. Crucially, the study reveals that the effect of a region's final demand on the output of another region is not directly correlated with geographical proximity. This insight leads to the recommendation that energy supply procurement policies should consider other regions' demands and economic developments, particularly those substantially influencing output enhancement.

This study aims to determine the research development with Pedagogical Content Knowledge in the World from 2018 to 2022. This research is a type of qualitative research with literature studies. Research data was obtained using the Scopus search engine to identify research related to the Pedagogical Content Knowledge theme from 2018 to 2022. This study also used the VOS viewer to map and analyze data. The findings in this study are that 2020 is the highest year in research publications. The United States is the country that contributes the most research publications. Furthermore, topics regarding content knowledge, students, and teaching, which have great opportunities for further research, are related to the theme of Pedagogical Content Knowledge. Content knowledge (students or teachers) is the most important topic in scientific research publications with the theme of Pedagogical Content Knowledge from 2018 to 2022 indexed by Scopus.

Abstract Background Use of endophytic fungi, as pathogen control of Bipolaris maydis and Curvularia sp., is an alternative method of control without the use of synthetic pesticides that are more environmentally friendly. This study aimed to determine the potential of endophytic fungi in controlling the growth of pathogens B. maydis and Curvularia sp. in vitro and in spurring the growth of corn plants. It was consisted of three types of testing three endophytic fungal species (Aspergillus_1, Fusarium_2, and Trichoderma_11), namely (1) testing the antagonistic activity of endophytic fungal against pathogens by double culture method, (2) physiological characterization of endophytic fungal as phosphate solvents and chitinase producers, and (3) testing of corn seed vigor with the blotter test method. Results The results of testing endophytic fungal isolates against B. maydis pathogens showed that the three isolates were able to suppress the development of B. maydis, whereas the Trichoderma_11 isolate showed higher suppression results than others. The isolate that showed the best ability to dissolve phosphates is Fusarium_2 with a dissolving index of 1.9 and their effectiveness up to 91.5%. Meanwhile, Trichoderma_11 was able to produce the highest chitinase activity index of 1.9 with an effectiveness of 90.6%. The best corn root lengths and plant height were shown on Fusarium_2 treatment. Similar outcomes were observed when Curvularia sp. was tested. The whole isolates were able to suppress the growth of the pathogen by 16.43–40.44% on the 4th day after incubation. Trichoderma sp. isolate was 72.50% more effective at suppressing than the other two isolates. On day 11, the isolate of Aspergillus sp. was suppressed by 62.50%, while Fusarium sp. showed the lowest suppression of 59.17%. Conclusions Trichoderma_11 isolate was potentially the best biocontrol agent against maydis leaf blight and Curvularia leaf spot in vitro. Meanwhile, the Fusarium_2 isolate had promoted the growth of the corn seedlings.

Highlights: • These cases of maternal deaths caused by COVID-19 infections illustrated the significant risk factors for maternal mortality during the early phases of the pandemic, while studies had not extensively reported this. • COVID-19 infections increase the risk of maternal and neonatal mortality, with infants having a lower chance of survival even if they are delivered. • Respiratory support, antiviral medications, antibiotics, anticoagulants, and supportive care are the primary treatments for severe COVID-19 in pregnancy. Abstract This article presents seven cases of maternal deaths attributed to COVID-19 during the first year of the pandemic wave. These cases provide insights into the natural progression of COVID-19 in pregnant women who were not vaccinated. This study showed that COVID-19 significantly increased maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity. All of the patients exhibited symptoms of fever, cough, and dyspnea upon admission to the hospital. They were admitted with elevated respiratory rates (26–32 times/minute) and low oxygen saturation (

The investigation of mRNA development has gained substantial interest, particularly in the ex vivo and in vivo therapy. mRNA is widely used for the development of gene editing-based therapies and mRNA vaccines. The aim of this study was to optimize the medium and harvest time to increase plasmid DNA production as part of mRNA production. This study modified used a medium modification approach to achieve high density culture of Escherichia coli TOP10 pGEMT-N in batch cultivation method. Various media formulations were assessed, including LB; LB with phosphate buffer (K2HPO4 12.549 g/L and KH2PO4 2.31 g/L); LB with glycerol (50 g/L); LB with glycerol and phosphate buffer; LB with phosphate buffer, glycerol, glucose (15 g/L), and galactose (15 g/L). The effect of additional carbon sources and phosphate buffer on culture density was measured through OD600 and wet cell weight analysis. The highest OD600 and wet cell weight was observed when LB with glycerol and phosphate buffer was used, with OD600 of 4.78±0.14 and wet cell weight of 36.00±0.63 mg/ml. Plasmid DNA was subsequently isolated from these cultures following 5- and 7.5-hour incubation periods. The utilization of LB medium with glycerol and phosphate buffer resulted in a substantial increase in the volumetric concentration of plasmid DNA of 1,516.97±385.00 ng/ml after 5 hours of incubation. In conclusion, a remarkable enhancement in plasmid DNA volumetric yield within 5 hours was achieved by addition of glycerol and phosphate buffer to LB medium, leading to incubation period.

Background: One of the main indicators of a country's health degree is the Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR). The priority problem for the health sector in Indonesia is the high maternal mortality rate. Knowledge is one of the components of predisposing factors that are important for health behaviors. An Efforts to increase knowledge is by providing health education Method: The research method was quantitative research with a quasi-experiment research (pseudo-experiment). The research design was a one-group pretest and posttest design. The number of respondents who were used as research samples was 56 people. The research was conducted on pregnant women using WhatsApp lectures. Results: From the results of the study, it was found that there was a difference in the average value of knowledge of pregnant women before and after education, where in the pre-test, it was 73.14 with a standard deviation of 27.260 and in the post-test, it was 89.00 with a standard deviation of 14.791. The results of the analysis obtained a p value of 0.001, so it can be concluded that there is a significant difference between the average value of the level of knowledge in the pre-test and post-test. The data analysis used is Paired T-Test. Conclusion: There is a significant difference between the value before and after education through pretest and posttest delivered with telehealth media.

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 -related global COVID-19 pandemic has been impacting millions of people since its outbreak in 2020. COVID-19 vaccination has proven highly efficient in reducing illness severity and preventing infection-related fatalities. The World Health Organization has granted emergency use approval to multiple, including protein subunit technology-based, COVID-19 vaccines. Foreseeably, additional COVID-19 subunit vaccine development would be essential to meet the accessible and growing demand for effective vaccines, especially for Low-Middle-Income Countries (LMIC). The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD), as the primary target for neutralizing antibodies, holds significant potential for future COVID-19 subunit vaccine development. In this study, we developed a recombinant Escherichia coli-expressed RBD (rRBD) as a vaccine candidate and evaluated its immunogenicity and preliminary toxicity in BALB/c mice. The rRBD induced humoral immune response from day 7 post-vaccination and, following the booster doses, the IgG levels increased dramatically in mice. Interestingly, our vaccine candidate also significantly induced cellular immune response, indicated by the incrased IFN-ɣ-producing cell numbers. We observed no adverse effect or local reactogenicity either in control or treated mice. Taken together, our discoveries could potentially support efficient and cost-effective vaccine antigen production, from which LMICs could particularly benefit.

ABSTRACT This study discusses the antimicrobial potential and biological agents of the endophytic fungi on the leaves and stems of Timor apples. Apple plants have been developed in Timor Tengah Selatan (TTS) Regency; however, they slowly stop producing and even die due to disease. Disease control can be done through biological agents with endophytic fungi. This study aims to determine the antimicrobial activity and biological agency of endophytic fungi found in the stems and leaves of the Timor apple plant. This study uses a laboratory experiment method by testing the antimicrobial activity of the isolated endophytic fungi with the well method against E. coli and P. aeruginosa bacteria and C. albicans fungi. Biological agency against pathogenic fungi was tested using antagonist test. The inhibition and antagonist zone data were analyzed descriptively. The study results show that there were three isolates of endophytic fungi, namely IH isolate (black isolate) of Aspergillus sp., IA isolate (bluish green isolate) of Aspergillus sp., and IP isolate (white isolate) of Fusarium sp. Endophytic fungal isolates were found to have activity in inhibiting the growth of the test microbes, with the average inhibition zone of IH of Aspergillus sp. against C. albicans was 15.6 mm, IP of Fusarium sp against P. aeruginosa was 15.9 mm, and IA of Aspergilus sp against E.coli was 11.2 mm. The compound test shows that the endophytic fungal isolates contained alkaloids, terpenoids, and flavonoids. Meanwhile, the antagonist test shows that endophytic fungi were able to inhibit the growth of pathogenic fungi with the growth area coveredthe pathogenic fungus and the widest area was Aspergillus sp. Keywords: antimicrobial, biological agents, endophytic fungi, stems and leaves of Timor apples

This study aims to observe customer's responses toward car fragrance products, examine the volatility and properness of the essential oil-based product. Essential oil is a group of vegetable oil in form of liquid that easily evaporated at room temperature. Hence it gives unique scents. This research is carried out with a descriptive method using a qualitative approach. The data analysis technique of this research is using SWOT analysis (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, and Threat) and calculation of Cost of Goods Sold to compare the two samples of car freshener. The result of this research showed that product A which is based on patchouli essential oil, citronella, coffee, and gadenza essential was more preferable by the customer with the range of selling price in IDR 19.000 – IDR 22.000 than product B. SWOT analysis explained that the product's strength is the multifunction of the product as aromatherapy and the opportunity of the product to compete in a wider market; while the weakness of the product is the high labour of production process. The total calculation of the Cost of Goods Sold for product A is IDR 15.440 and product B is IDR 15.960.