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Background: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) causes significant physical, social, and psychological burdens. Internalized stigma, acceptance of negative attitudes and stereotypes of society regarding a person's illness, has not been studied previously in HS. Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the internalized stigma state of HS patients and identify the factors affecting it. Methods: This multicenter, prospective, cross-sectional study included 731 patients. Internalized Stigma Scale (ISS), Hurley staging, Physician Global Assessment, Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), Skindex-16, Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), and Visual Analog Scale (VAS)-pain score were used in the study. Results: The mean ISS value (57.50 +/- 16.90) was comparable to the mean ISS values of studies in visible dermatological and various psychiatric diseases. A significant correlation was found between the mean values of ISS and all disease activity scores, quality of life measures, BDI-II, and VAS-pain scores. Obesity, family history, low education and income level, vulva/scrotum involvement and being actively treated are significant and independent predictive factors for high internalized stigma in multivariate analysis. Conclusions: HS patients internalize society's negative judgements, which may create a profound negative effect on access to health care. Therefore, in addition to suppressing disease activity, addressing internalized stigma is fundamental for improving health care quality.

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease, which is mainly characterized with erythematous indurated plaques with squams such as many other inflammatory skin diseases. Also different clinical subtypes of psoriasis can show distinctive clinical appearances. As an example, inverse psoriasis does not have squams and resemble erythema intertrigo; or erythrodermic variant cannot be distinguished from other erythroderma causes sometimes. From reasons above, differential diagnosis of psoriasis should be done carefully to manage a chronic and long-term treatment required disease appropriately. Histopathologial examination is gold standard technique for certain diagnosis; however, dermoscope is a noninvasive and easily applicable diagnostic tool with high specificity. In this chapter, we discuss dermoscopic differential diagnosis of psoriasis.

Background/aim: Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) including diclofenac, naproxen, ibuprofen, acetylsalicylic acid, and acetaminophen have been shown to have antimicrobial effects on various microorganisms. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial effects of NSAIDs on Staphylococcus aureus. Materials and methods: Susceptibilities of S. aureus strains to NSAIDs with or without antimicrobials (moxifloxacin, vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, and gentamicin) were determined using the microdilution method and disk diffusion test. Expression levels of genes in the presence of drugs were investigated by real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), and immunoblotting analysis was performed for staphylococcal protein A (SpA). Results: Our results showed that all NSAIDs were active against S. aureus strains with MIC values ranging from 195 mu g/mL to 6250 mu g/ mL. NSAIDs increased the antibiotic susceptibility of the strains, and diclofenac was found to be more effective than the other drugs. Drugs showed different effects on expression levels of virulence factor and/or regulatory genes. Immunoblotting analysis of SpA protein was mostly in accordance with qRT-PCR results. Conclusion: The regulatory/virulence factor genes and proteins of S. aureus investigated in this study may be reasonable targets for these drugs, and we suggest that the data may contribute to the field of infection control and antimicrobial resistance., Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) [114S821]; Ege University BAP Coordinatorship [13ECZ007]; Ege University EBILTEM [2015BIL003], This work was supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK, 114S821), Ege University BAP Coordinatorship (13ECZ007) and Ege University EBILTEM (2015BIL003). The authors thank Prof. Dr. Mine Hosgor-Limoncu, Asst. Prof. Yalcin Erzurumlu, and Pharm. Recep Ilhan, and would like to acknowledge the assistance of Ege University/Faculty of Pharmacy/Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (FABAL) and Izmir Institute of Technology/Biotechnology and Bioengineering Application and Research Center (BIYOMER).

Background: Generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is a rare and severe inflammatory disease characterized by widespread and superficial sterile pustules on an erythematous background. Objectives: This multicentre study aimed to determine the clinical profile and course in a large cohort of patients with GPP. Methods: One hundred and fifty-six GPP patients (mean age, 44.2 ± 18.7 years) who met the diagnostic criteria of the European Consensus Report of GPP were included in the study. Sociodemographic characteristics, quality of life, triggering factors of the disease, clinical, laboratory, treatment and prognostic features were evaluated. Results: 61.5% of the patients were female. The rate of working at or below the minimum wage (?$332.5/month) was 44.9%. Drugs (36.5%) were the most common trigger. While hypocalcaemia (35.7%) was the most important cause of GPP during pregnancy, systemic steroid withdrawal (20%) was the most frequently reported trigger for infantile/juvenile and mixed-type GPP (15%) (P < 0.05). Acute GPP (53.8%) was the most common clinic. Nails were affected in 43.6% of patients, and subungual yellow spots (28.2%) were the most common change. In annular GPP, fever (P < 0.001) and relapse frequency (P = 0.006) were lower than other subtypes, and the number of hospitalizations (P = 0.002) was lower than acute GPP. GPP appeared at a later age in those with a history of psoriasis (P = 0.045). DLQI score (P = 0.049) and joint involvement (P = 0.016) were also higher in this group. Infantile/juvenile GPP was observed in 16.02% of all patients, and arthritis was lower in this group (24.4 vs. 16%). GPP of pregnancy had the worst prognosis due to abortion observed in three patients. Conclusions: Recent advances in treatment have improved mortality associated with GPP, but abortion remains a significant complication. Although TNF-? inhibitors have proven efficacy in GPP, they can also trigger the disease. Mixed-type GPP is more similar to acute GPP than annular GPP with systemic manifestations and course. © 2022 European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology.

Background Palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP) is a rare, chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by sterile pustules on palmar or plantar areas. Data on PPP are scarce. Aim To investigate the clinical characteristics and risk factors for disease severity in a large cohort of Turkish patients with PPP. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional, multicentre study of patients with PPP recruited from 21 tertiary centres across Turkey. Results In total, 263 patients (165 women, 98 men) were evaluated. Most patients (75.6%) were former or current smokers. The mean Palmoplantar Pustulosis Area and Severity Index (PPPASI) was 8.70 +/- 8.06 and the mean Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) score was 6.87 +/- 6.08, and these scores were significantly correlated (r = 0.52, P < 0.001). Regression analysis showed that current smoking was significantly associated with increased PPPASI (P = 0.03). Coexisting psoriasis vulgaris (PsV) was reported by 70 (26.6%) patients. Male sex prevalence, PPP onset incidence, disease duration, DLQI, and prevalence of nail involvement and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) were significantly increased among patients with PPP with PsV. Of the 263 patients, 18 (6.8%) had paradoxical PPP induced by biologic therapy, and these patients had significantly increased mean DLQI and prevalence of PsA (r = 0.03, P = 0.001). Conclusion Our data suggest that smoking is a risk factor for both PPP development and disease severity. Patients with PPP with PsV present distinct clinical features and patients with biologic therapy-induced paradoxical PPP have reduced quality of life and are more likely to have PsA.

Dermatoscopy is a useful, non-invasive method in the diagnosis of various dermatological diseases. Dermatoscopy of non-pigmented skin lesions shows additional morphologic features, such as cutaneous vascular pattern, scale color and scale distribution pattern, and background color. Dermatoscopy can be useful tool in differential diagnosis in palmoplantar dermatoses. The most specific dermatoscopic features of hand eczema include yellowish-orange globules, yellowish scales and yellowish crusts. Light red background color, regular vascular distribution pattern, dotted vessels and white scale color have been reported in previous studies as dermatoscopic features of palmoplantar psoriasis. Dotted vessels can be seen in various dermatoses, such as psoriasis, eczema, lichen planus, porokeratosis and keratodermas. The distribution pattern and color of the scales are also important in the differential diagnosis of palmoplantar dermatoses. Previous studies have shown that scales are mainly localized in skin furrows in patients with tinea manum. Patchy distributed, homogeneous, structureless, orange areas were reported in palmar keratoderma due to pityriasis rubra pilaris. Amber scales, white-to-pinkish background; sparse whitish scales were reported in palmar keratoderma due to mycosis fungoides. Dermatoscopical findings of palmoplantar area can help in the differential diagnosis of various dermatoses.

HS is a chronic, recurrent, and debilitating skin disease. Recent studies showed that inflammatory biomarkers, such as neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and Lymphocyte/HDL ratio (LHR), Neutrophil/HDL ratio (NHR), Monocyte/HDL ratio (MHR) are an indicator of inflammatory diseases and may be associated with disease severity and disease activity. To investigate NLR, PLR, LHR, NHR and MHR in HS patients. In addition, to compare erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), complete blood count, leukocyte profile and biochemical parameters between the control and the patient group. Clinical and biochemical data of patients and healthy subjects were collected from medical records, retrospectively. In total, 166 patients with HS and 124 control subjects were included. We found no significant difference in NLR (P = 0.207) and PLR (P = 0.257). LHR (P < 0.001), NHR (P < 0.001) and, MHR (P < 0.001) were significantly higher in the patient group. No positive correlation was found between any of these markers and disease severity according to Hurley staging system. However, MCV (Mean corpuscular volume), RDW (Red cell distribution width) and CRP showed a significant positive correlation with disease severity. Among these markers, only MHR was positively correlated with disease duration. Our study shows that CRP still maintains its value for HS patients compared to new inflammation markers. Unlike the studies in other inflammatory diseases, no significant relationship was found with most of these inflammatory parameters. MHR may be more useful in patients with HS as an indicator of inflammation compared to other parameters. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

In this study, a series of taurinamide derivatives 1–18 were assessed for their in vitro antimicrobial activity. Enterococcus faecalis, which is the third most commonly isolated nosocomial pathogen among hospital infections, was found to be more susceptible to the tested compounds than other pathogens. Two of the tested compounds, 1 and 18, showed promising activity against E. faecalis, with minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 128 and 64 µg/mL, respectively. On the other hand, compound 3 was distinguished from other compounds by its better activity against G(−) Escherichia coli bacteria, with a MIC of 512 μg/mL. None of the compounds displayed better activity than the standard drugs Ciprofloxacin and Fluconazole.

Background: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, relapsing and debilitating inflammatory disease associated with profound morbidity. Aim: In this multicentre study, we investigated the demographic and clinical features of HS, and determined risk factors of disease severity. Methods: In total, 1221 patients diagnosed with HS from 29 centres were enrolled, and the medical records of each patient were reviewed. Results: The mean age of disease onset was 26.2 ± 10.4 years, and almost 70% (n = 849) of patients were current or former smokers. Mean disease duration was 8.9 ± 8.4 years with a delay in diagnosis of 5.8 ± 3.91 years. Just over a fifth (21%; n = 256) of patients had a family history of HS. The axillary, genital and neck regions were more frequently affected in men than in women, and the inframammary region was more frequently affected in women than in men (P