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Introduction Due to the constant increase in the number of primary and revision hip arthroplasties, the incidence of complications has been also increasing. Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is the most common and dangerous complication in joint arthroplasty, including PJI with cavitary defects of the acetabulum (Paprosky type 2C). The purpose of the work was to demonstrate successful results of managing acetabular defects in patients with periprosthetic infection at the stage of installing an articulating spacer. Materials and methods The patients underwent surgical management of cavitary defects of the acetabulum with allobone plastic material at the stage of installation of an articulating spacer impregnated with antibacterial drugs. A clinical and functional assessment of the effectiveness of treatment of patients with PJI of the hip joint, who underwent bone grafting of acetabular defects at the first stage of two-stage revision arthroplasty, was carried out. Remission of the infectious process was assessed according to the ICM 2013 (International Consensus Meeting), and the function of the affected limb was assessed according to the HHS (Harris Hip Score). Results At a 6-month follow-up after implantation, there were no clinical and laboratory manifestations of PJI and radiological signs of instability of the implant components. Bone grafting was evaluated to be satisfactory; the function of the affected joint restored to 80–90 to HHS points. Remission of the infectious process according to ICM was achieved. Discussion Clinical cases studied demonstrate a positive result of treatin PJI with plastic surgery of cavitary defects of the acetabular bottom at the stage of articulating spacer installation. Filling acetabular defects at the sanitizing stage (implantation of a spacer) subsequently provides improvement of primary fixation and osseointegration of the acetabular component when converting the spacer to a permanent implant. This is due to an increase in the contact area of the acetabular component with bone tissue (native bone and remodeled allobone material). Conclusion The treatment of the first clinical case improved joint function from 24 to 85 HHS points, and in the second from 27 to 76 HHS points. The use of defect filling techniques enabled to stop the infection and improve functional results.

AIM OF STUDY. To evaluate the effectiveness of prolonged blockade of the transverse abdominal space compared with analgesia based on ketoprofen and tramadol after operations for closing intestinal stomas from local access. MATERIAL AND METHODS. The prospective single-center randomized study included 74 patients aged from 23 to 83 years (Me = 61; Q1 = 49–Q3 = 67) during the period January–December 2021. Patients were randomly divided into two groups depending on the method of postoperative pain relief. Randomization was carried out using the envelope method. The main group consisted of 41 patients who, for pain relief after surgery, had a catheter installed for prolonged blockade of the transverse abdominal space. In case of ineffectiveness, ketoprofen and tramadol were prescribed according to the regimen. The comparison group consisted of 33 patients who received postoperative analgesia based on ketoprofen as the main drug and tramadol as a rescue drug. The groups were statistically comparable in terms of basic characteristics. Over the course of 4 days, we assessed the daily dosage of tramadol and ketoprofen, the level of dynamic and static pain on a digital rating scale, the time and degree of activity, the frequency of urinary retention, the occurrence of nausea and vomiting, the timing of return to good nutrition and restoration of bowel function, and the duration of postoperative treatment. RESULTS. The study included 74 patients. In the main group, on the first day, the frequency of additional use of tramadol (17 % versus 57.6 %, p = 0.0007) and the frequency of use of submaximal daily dosage (0 % versus 24.2 %, p = 0.003) were statistically significantly lower than in the comparison group. In the comparison group, the frequency of ketoprofen use was higher on days 2 (54 % vs. 94 %, p = 0.0004), days 3 (36.6 % vs. 76 %, p = 0.0018) and days 4 (19 % versus 52 %, p = 0.0081) due to the administration of the maximum daily dosage (all comparisons given are statistically significant). There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of the level of pain at rest and movement, as well as the level of activity of the patients. The period of activity in patients of the main group during the day was statistically significantly longer on the 2nd (on average 30 minutes versus 15 minutes, p = 0.0187) and 3rd day (on average 60 minutes versus 45 minutes, p = 0.043). CONCLUSIONS. Extended blockade of the transverse abdominal space is an effective method of pain relief after operations to close an intestinal stoma from local access, significantly reducing the need for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opioid analgesics.

Early assessment of HIV incidence is an important public health tool for understanding the state of the epidemic in a particular area, identifying high-risk groups, and assessing the effectiveness of HIV prevention interventions.Objective. To assess the possibility of using the positivity rate (S/CO) in the HIV Ag/Ab immunoassay on the Alinity i analytical platform to determine the duration of infection during HIV screening.Materials and methods. The study included 316 HIV-infected patients with different infection durations. Immunochemical analysis was performed on an Alinity i automatic analyzer (Abbott Laboratories, USA) using the Alinity i HIV Ag/Ab Reagent Kit (Abbott Laboratories, Germany) in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.Results. Statistical analysis of 316 blood samples from HIV-infected patients at different stages of infection demonstrated the reactivity of the Alinity i HIV Ag/Ab test result and a dynamic increase in the positivity ratio during the first six months after the onset of the disease. Based on the data obtained, a threshold value (≤294 conventional units) was obtained for the positivity ratio, which allowed for a clear distinction between HIV-positive patients with a recent (

Introduction. Sound-absorbing systems are widely used in construction, reconstruction, repair of industrial and civil facilities, as well as in mechanical engineering. The most affordable and widely used systems are those using porous materials. The influence of the type, size, nature of pores, as well as phase composition of porous glass-ceramic samples obtained from zeolite-containing rocks on its sound-absorbing properties was established.Materials and methods. The results of experimental studies were obtained by the impedance method, as well as by methods of X-ray phase analysis, light microscopy, X-ray microtomography, etc.Results. Porous glass-ceramic materials with average density grades D250 and D300, compressive strength class B3.5, thermal conductivity coefficient from 0.066 to 0.079 W/m∙°C and recommended maximum application temperature up to +850 °C were investigated. The total porosity of the tested specimens of glass-ceramic materials was from 87.7 to 90.1 %, and the number of open pores from to 18.3 %. The sound-absorbing properties of porous glass-ceramic specimens are directly dependent on the open porosity of the material. With an increase of this indicator from 4.5 to 18.3 %, the sound absorption coefficient of the material increased 1.5–2 times, depending on the range of sound frequencies.Conclusions. Porous glass ceramics obtained from zeolite-containing rocks have good physical and mechanical properties and a high application temperature (at least +850 °C), and with a high open porosity index, it can be recommended for application as sound-absorbing materials in construction and mechanical engineering facilities.

Zonal light-coniferous forests are widespread on long-frozen soils in Southern Siberia. Their individuality was first recognised in 1982 by Guinochet, who proposed a new suballiance for them, Pino-Laricenion sibiricae, within the alliance Vaccinio-Piceion. Later, attempts were made to raise the suballiance to the rank of an alliance. However, they failed to publish the name Pino sibiricae-Laricion sibiricae validly according to the International Code of Phytosociological Nomenclature (ICPN). Therefore, the name is validated here after discussing the reasons for rejecting all previous proposals. The validity of the corrected and mutated syntaxon names Rhododendro tomentosi-Laricetalia gmelinii and Rhododendro tomentosi-Laricion gmelinii, which are related to the alliance Pino sibiricae-Laricion sibiricae, is confirmed. Corrections and mutations of two association names are also performed. Taxonomic reference: World Flora Online Plant List (WFO) (https://wfoplantlist.org/) [accessed 28 July 2024]. Abbreviations: ICPN = International Code of Phytosociological Nomenclature (Theurillat et al. 2021); WFO = World Flora Online Plant List.

This article focusing on Mordvin material in Estonian collections and Mordvin (Erzya-Moksha) diasporas in Estonia in the late 20th–early 21st centuries is based mainly on materials collected in the period between 1994 and 2016 from the journal KUDO published by the Estonian Mordvin Society and reflecting the diverse life of the diaspora. We have also analysed recorded biographical data of Erzya and Moksha people residing in the Republic of Estonia and the archival material of the Estonian Mordvin Society. The article reviews the history of the first settlers, their number, formation of cultural societies and their interaction with other organisations, integration into Estonian society, information about the first Estonian expeditions to the settlements of the Erzya and Moksha as well as cultural and educational ties between Estonia and Mordovia. All this reveals the activities of compatriots, trends in population change in this group, mechanisms of the preservation of national identity and the role of Mordvin national and cultural non-profit organisations in the preservation and development of ethnic culture in the Republic of Estonia.

Abstract Understanding the longevity of Mars’s dynamo is key to interpreting the planet’s atmospheric loss history and the properties of its deep interior. Satellite data showing magnetic lows above many large impact basins formed 4.1-3.7 billion years ago (Ga) have been interpreted as evidence that Mars’s dynamo terminated before 4.1 Ga—at least 0.4 Gy before intense late Noachian/early Hesperian hydrological activity. However, evidence for a longer-lived, reversing dynamo from young volcanics and the Martian meteorite ALH 84001 supports an alternative interpretation of Mars’s apparently demagnetized basins. To understand how a reversing dynamo would affect basin fields, here we model the cooling and magnetization of 200-2200 km diameter impact basins under a range of Earth-like reversal frequencies. We find that magnetic reversals efficiently reduce field strengths above large basins. In particular, if the magnetic properties of the Martian mantle are similar to most Martian meteorites and late remagnetization of the near surface is widespread, >90% of large ( > 800 km diameter) basins would appear demagnetized at spacecraft altitudes. This ultimately implies that Mars’s apparently demagnetized basins do not require an early dynamo cessation. A long-lived and reversing dynamo, unlike alternative scenarios, satisfies all available constraints on Mars’s magnetic history.

The article presents a review of a number of modern foreign studies of simulators and their role in the development of teamwork skills. The analysis of some trending learning theories and methodologies, which are used by both national and foreign researchers in the implementation of training programs on simulators of professional activity is carried out. The results of studies demonstrating the influence of computer simulators on the development of teamwork skills, including aspects of coordinated actions and effective communication are presented. Various methods and means used by foreign researchers to improve the effectiveness of simulation-based training are described. The importance of using simulation-based training in various professional fields, such as medicine, aviation, space programs and information technology, to ensure a high level of training of specialists is substantiated. It is shown that modern simulation-based simulators offer training methods that are maximally close to real professional activity, which contributes to the formation of highly qualified specialists in professional fields that require high development of teamwork skills.

The age of artificial intelligence emphasises the possibility of justification and the dialectical aspects of legal reasoning. The need for validity in legal reasoning mainly stems from the existence of exceptions to rules and conflicts between rules. Formal logic may well account for exceptions to rules and thus characterise cancellable reasoning. The presented article focuses on legal issues related to Artificial Intelligence (AI) that are being discussed in the scientific community because of their importance for understanding the mechanisms of law realisation. Some of the most pressing issues in the application of artificial intelligence include: transparency of algorithms, cybersecurity vulnerabilities, unfairness, bias and discrimination, lack of adversariality, legal personality issues, intellectual property issues, adverse effects on employees, privacy and data protection issues, liability for damages and lack of liability. Recognising the importance of artificial intelligence in the field of law, and acknowledging that the field requires constant reassessment and flexibility, this article develops a discussion that is important given the seriousness of the impact of artificial intelligence technologies on legal actors. on legal issues related to Artificial Intelligence (AI) that are being discussed in the scientific community because of their importance for understanding the mechanisms of law realisation. Some of the most pressing issues in the application of artificial intelligence include: transparency of algorithms, cybersecurity vulnerabilities, unfairness, bias and discrimination, lack of adversariality, legal personality issues, intellectual property issues, adverse effects on employees, privacy and data protection issues, liability for damages and lack of liability. Recognising the importance of artificial intelligence in the field of law, and acknowledging that the field requires constant reassessment and flexibility, this article develops a discussion that is important given the seriousness of the impact of artificial intelligence technologies on legal actors.

The article considers the influence of training on computer simulators on the development of teamwork skills of operators of complex systems, in particular, in aviation. The article substantiates the effectiveness of work on computer simulators for the formation of interaction skills in people with disabilities. A review of experimental studies demonstrating the positive impact of using computer simulators on the formation of skills necessary for teamwork: coordinated actions, communication, decision-making and situational awareness is presented. The analysis of methods for assessing teamwork skills is given and the realization of a hardware and software complex in the form of a simulator for training these skills and their quantitative measurement is described.

Background. Obtaining accurate data on the epidemiology of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) of the hip in the Russian Federation is a challenging task, which is associated with the peculiarities of statistical registration of complications and the lack of approved routing schemes. The aim of the study — to provide the results of primary analysis of the data from the local registry of hip periprosthetic infection, which reflects all the treatment cases from 01.01.2020 to 31.12.2020. Methods. Since 2021, the Center has been working on retrospective input of the data on patients PJI of the hip treated at the clinic into the electronic version of the registry. The information was collected by studying archived medical records and a medical information system, by examining patients in the outpatient clinic, and by interviewing patients via mobile phone and e-mail. During the period, we treated 449 patients with hip periprosthetic infection. The mean patients’ age was 55.6±12.6 years (Ме — 57; 95% CI: 54.4-56.8). Male patients accounted for 61.6% (n = 277). Results. We were able to evaluate the treatment results in 84% (n = 377) of patients. The mean follow-up period was 5.92±2.55 years (Me — 6; 95% CI: 2.39-2.73). In more than 90% (n = 407) of cases, the infection was classified as chronic (more than 3 weeks of manifestation). At the admission 76,8% (n = 345) of patients had a fistula communicating with the joint cavity. The percentage of lethal outcomes due to sepsis was 1,7% (8/449); recurrences of hip PJI was observed in 6.2% (28/ 449) of cases. Resolution of infection has been achieved in 67% (300/449) of cases. Conclusions. The primary analysis of the data from the local registry of hip periprosthetic infection of the national Ilizarov Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics showed that the average age of patients with hip PJI in our country is significantly lower than in the known national registries. At the same time, the infectious agents were similar: Gram-positive microorganisms accounted for more than 55%. The analysis of the registry data shows a significant decrease in the PJI recurrence rate over the last 5 years.

Specific microbiocenoses are formed in the burrows of gerbils (Mammalia: Muridae). In these biocenoses, invertebrates are associated with the gerbils and the burrow/nest through trophic, topical, phoretic and fensive relationships. The burrows of gerbils perform a stabilizing function (environmental conditioning, microclimatic conditions) in arid areas and provide a place for the development of many invertebrates, e.g. beetles, whose numerical proportion in gerbil burrows is 10–20% and up to 40% of species diversity. In the unique material from the Western Kopet Dag (collected in the burrows of Meriones libycus in the spring of 1982 using trapping cylinders), 36 species of Coleoptera from 9 families were identified (another 3 taxa were identified to genus level). Zabrus morio klapperichi (geochortobiont phytophage of the family Carabidae) dominated in the burrows of the red-tailed gerbil in the foothills of the Western Kopet Dag. This species probably uses the burrows as a daytime hiding place or when searching for seeds, which gerbils can store in burrows. Nidicolous beetles included Coprofilus dimidiatipennis (Staphylinidae), Cholevinus pallidus (Leiodidae), Pholioxenus phoenix (Histeridae), Onthophagus psychopompus (for the first time for Turkmenistan) and O. vlasovi (Scarabaeidae), Attagenus duplex (Dermestidae), Cryptophagus cf. quadrimaculatus (Cryptophagidae) and Netuschilia hauseri (Tenebrionidae). Photographs of Netuschilia hauseri, Reitterohelops steinbergi (Tenebrionidae) and Aphthona mohri (Chrysomelidae) are provided for the first time.

This article reviews and compares the experience of foreign and Russian companies using unmanned aerial vehicles (hereinafter referred to as UAV, drone) in the logistics industry. SWOT-analysis (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats) is conducted which identifies strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats of using drones. Moreover, due to the current exi stence of a large number of prohibitions and restrictions on the application of this technology, the challenges of using drones in logistics are indicated. With the help of drones, companies are able to reduce costs and the likelihood of human error in work and thus increase efficiency by automating processes. These devices can optimise the process and improve logistics operations in a company. UAVs are the future not only of logistics but also of the technology industry as a whole. With the increasing scale of activity, each company tries to find and create new technologies that attract consumers and make its work more unique. The introduction of UAVs may become the means by which organisations can not only improve their activities by optimising and modernising processes, but also increase the visibility and scale of this performance.

Relevance. In gas industry, the amount of equipment that has outlived its intended service life is increasing every year. In accordance with the law “On Industrial Safety of Hazardous Production Facilities,” compressor stations are dangerous objects, the reliable operation of which largely determines the condition of main gas pipelines. Technological pipelines of a compressor station are important objects of this system. They are subject to strict requirements due to the action of static and dynamic loads on them. Reliability of compressor stations is based on the results of a study of the condition of the object and the main factors affecting increased wear of equipment. The solution to wear problem is timely monitoring of equipment, in particular level measurement and determining the causes of pipeline vibrations using vibration diagnostics methods, and frequency and modal analysis methods. Aim. To study the causes of increased dynamic loads on the technological piping that arise during the operation of electric and gas pumping units at a compressor station using vibration monitoring methods. Methods. Vibration monitoring methods to analyze the causes of increased vibration values in the process piping of a compressor station with an electric gas pumping unit. Results and conclusions. The authors have measured vibration in a wide frequency band and assessed the technological condition of the main equipment of the compressor station with EGPA-6.3/8200-56/1.44-R based on the regulatory documentation STO Gazprom 2-2.3-324-2009. The main frequencies of the root-mean-square value of the vibration velocity, at which the highest vibration values were observed, were identified, and a modal analysis was performed using ANSYS software. Based on the results of natural studies and modal analysis, it was concluded about the occurrence of resonant high-frequency oscillations, multiple of the rotor rotation frequency.