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Fundamento: la eritrodermia es un síndrome inflamatorio de la piel caracterizado por descamación y eritema en más del 90 % de la superficie corporal. Muchas veces representa la etapa final de ciertas enfermedades dermatológicas del adulto. Objetivo: describir la serie de casos de pacientes ingresados por eritrodermia en el servicio de dermatología del Hospital General Docente “Dr. Ernesto Guevara de la Serna”, de Las Tunas, durante el período enero de 2012 a enero de 2022. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y retrospectivo en los pacientes, hospital y durante el periodo de tiempo definidos en el objetivo. La muestra quedó conformada por 50 pacientes diagnosticados con eritrodermia. La información se obtuvo de las historias clínicas de los pacientes. Resultados: predominó el sexo masculino (62 %), en los grupos de edades de 60 años o más (64 %) y de procedencia urbana (38 %). La no existencia de dermatosis asociadas fue más frecuente (24 %), las dermatitis de contacto fueron las dermatosis asociadas presentes en mayor número de casos (22 %), con predominio del sexo masculino (65,79 %). El tratamiento sistémico más empleado fue la combinación de esteroides + antihistamínicos + analgésicos (62 %), mientras que en el tratamiento tópico fueron las cremas esteroideas (64 %). Conclusiones: se caracterizaron aspectos clínicos y epidemiológicos en pacientes con diagnóstico de eritrodermia.

Fundamento: las piodermitis recurrentes se ven favorecidas por la ruptura de un equilibrio dinámico que existe entre factores del huésped, el germen y ambientales, representando un problema por su alta incidencia y la resistencia microbiana. Objetivo: caracterizar pacientes con piodermitis recurrentes atendidos en el Hospital General Docente “Dr. Ernesto Guevara de la Serna”, Las Tunas, en el período noviembre 2019 a noviembre 2021. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal y prospectivo, en una población de estudio conformada por los 135 pacientes con infecciones bacterianas recurrentes asistidos en el servicio de dermatología del hospital y durante el periodo de tiempo declarados en el objetivo. Los datos fueron procesados a través de la estadística descriptiva, usando el análisis porcentual. Resultados: fue más frecuente el sexo masculino (54,8 %) y las edades entre 31-40 años (29,6 %) y 20-30 años (24,4 %). Las piodermitis fueron atendidas en su mayoría de forma ambulatoria (70,4 %), más en el caso de las secundarias (55,6 %) respecto a las primarias (44,4 %). En estas últimas predominaron forúnculos (31,7 %) y celulitis (20 %); en las secundarias las micosis superficiales (41,3 %) y las dermatitis (22,7 %). De los factores asociados a la recurrencia, las micosis superficiales (22,9 %), diabetes mellitus y obesidad (ambas con 14,1 %) resultaron los más frecuentes. El ciprofloxacino fue el antibiótico más usado en el tratamiento. Conclusiones: se caracterizaron aspectos clínicos y epidemiológicos en los pacientes con diagnóstico de piodermitis recurrentes.

Background: basal cell carcinoma is one of the most common malignant skin tumors. Treatment is specific for each patient.Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of HeberFERON in the treatment of basal cell carcinoma in patients treated at the dermatology department of the “Dr. Ernesto Guevara de la Serna” General Teaching Hospital of Las Tunas from September 2017 to December 2019.Methods: a prospective descriptive study was carried out with the patients of the aforementioned institution during the period herein declared. The population consisted of the 103 patients with a confirmed biopsy of basal cell carcinoma and who were treated with HeberFERON. The following variables were assessed: sex, age group, skin phototype, route of administration of the drug, adverse events, response to treatment, recurrences and new lesions. Descriptive statistics was used for the analysis of the results.Results: 59.2% of the patients were male; the 61 to 80 age group was the most affected one (62.1%). 54.3% of the patients had skin phototype III. The highest number was from rural areas (64%). The mostly used route of administration was perilesional (80.5%). Complete response to treatment predominated (63.5%), with improvement of the lesions from the fourth week. The adverse events that mostly occurred were: fever (98%), perilesional dermatitis (82.5%), general malaise (71.8%) and weakness (67%).Conclusions: treatment of basal cell carcinoma with HeberFERON was effective, with a complete response in most of the patients at 16 weeks.

Background: the incidence of skin cancer has increased in the last decades. Nowadays between two and three million non-melanoma skin cancers are annually diagnosed.Objective: to characterize the patients with a clinico-histopathologic diagnosis of non-melanoma skin cancer treated at the department of dermatology of the “Dr. Ernesto Guevara de la Serna” General Teaching Hospital of Las Tunas, from September 2017 to December 2018, where dermatoscopy was used as part of the process of diagnosis.Methods: a descriptive analytical study was carried out with patients with non-melanoma skin cancer as declared in the objective. The sample was made up of 112 patients, who underwent clinical and dermatoscopic examination and skin biopsy. The information was processed through descriptive statistics using percentage analysis. The Kendall rank correlation coefficient was calculated for the relationship between the clinical and the dermatoscopic diagnoses.Results: there was a higher frequency in men (58 %), in the 30 to 50 age group (44,6 %) in those exposed to maintained solar radiation (77,7 %) and in those who never used sunscreens (56,3 %). Type II skin was the most affected one (61,6 %). The face was the most frequent location (67,8 %). The most remarkable dermatoscopic findings were arborescent vessels, white-gray veil, ulceration and hemorrhages. Conclusions: some variables were characterized in patients with non-melanoma skin cancer. According to the Kendall rank correlation coefficient there is a significantly direct and strong relation between the clinical diagnosis using dermatoscopy and the histological one.

Fundamento: recientemente se ha observado un resurgimiento de la sífilis en muchos países del mundo. En el hospital provincial de Las Tunas se constata un incremento de la incidencia de serologías reactivas en embarazadas.Objetivo: caracterizar las embarazadas, puérperas y recién nacidos con serología reactiva, atendidos en el Hospital General Docente “Dr. Ernesto Guevara de la Serna” durante los años 2017 y 2018.Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo longitudinal prospectivo en la institución y periodo de tiempo definidos en el objetivo. Se incluyeron 107 pacientes, entre embarazadas, puérperas y recién nacidos, hijos de madres con serologías reactivas durante la gestación. Los datos fueron analizados según la estadística descriptiva.Resultados: la mayor incidencia ocurrió en las embarazadas entre 15 y 30 años de edad, residentes en área rural y con nivel medio de enseñanza. El 36,4 % de las afectadas presentaron antecedentes de serología reactiva en embarazos anteriores. El 44,8 % se correspondieron a falsas biológicas positivas y el 55,2 % a sífilis gestacional. El 56 % de las pacientes con sífilis o falsa biológica positiva presentaron antecedentes patológicos personales de otra enfermedad. La relación entre los cónyuges y las pacientes notificadas con sífilis fue del 55,2 %. En cuanto a la serología postparto, el 43,8 % fueron reactivas. Los recién nacidos sin lesiones cutáneas y serología reactiva menor a la madre representaron el 74,3 %.Conclusiones: se caracterizaron aspectos clínicos y epidemiológicos en embarazadas, puérperas y recién nacidos con serología reactiva.

Background: there are different risk factors that determine the appearance of pyodermitis.Objective: to identify the risk factors for pyodermitis in patients over 18 years of age treated at the department of dermatology of the "Dr. Ernesto Guevara de la Serna” General Teaching Hospital of Las Tunas, Cuba, during the year 2016.Methods: an observational, analytical, case-control study was carried out. The universe was made up of 5779 patients, selecting, in order of arrival and with a 1:2 ratio, 70 cases with a diagnosis of pyodermitis and 140 controls without the disease. The following variables were assessed: age, sex, origin, area of residence, obesity, inadequate hygiene, diabetes mellitus, prolonged treatment with steroids, inadequate shave, history of atopy, peripheral venous insufficiency and traumas. For the statistical analysis we determined the odds ratio, its confidence intervals and the X2 statistic, as well as the Fisher's exact test for a significant p at the 0,05 level.Results: the following risk factors were identified: obesity (OR=10,93), atopy (OR=9,57), 60 years of age and over (OR=4,66), peripheral venous insufficiency (OR=4,33), inadequate shave (OR=3,30) and diabetes mellitus (OR=2,91). Traumas, male sex, inadequate hygiene, exposed areas, rural residence district and treatment with steroids did not reach risk association in the crude analysis. The most striking risk associations were peripheral venous insufficiency with trauma, inadequate shave in atopic individuals and individuals of rural origin subjected to exposed areas.Conclusions: pyodermitis had a multicausal origin; the risk was increased when different variables were associated in the same individual.

Background: bacterial skin infections are frequent in the clinical practice. They are a public health problem because of its high incidence and microbial resistance to treatment.Objective: to characterize clinical and epidemiological variables of the patients treated for pyodermitis at the "Dr. Ernesto Guevara de la Serna" General Teaching Hospital of Las Tunas, from June 2014 to January 2017.Methods: a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out with the aforementioned patients at the institution and during the period declared in the objective. The study population was made up of 131 patients diagnosed with pyodermitis. The following variables were assessed: age group, sex, exposure to irritants, pyodermitis type, associated risk factors, germ isolation and treatment. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.Results: there was a prevalence of women (55,7 %) and of the 19 to 40 age group (51,1 %). 64,1 % of the cases were exposed to irritants. Furunculosis and cellulitis, primary pyodermitis, and secondary superficial mycosis and dermatitis were the most frequent conditions, without a marked degree of prevalence. Atopy, inadequate shave and obesity were the associated factors with a higher incidence. Staphylococcus aureus isolation and outpatient treatment prevailed. Cotrimoxazole was used in 56,4 % of the cases. Treatment was effective.Conclusions: clinical and epidemiological aspects in patients diagnosed with pyodermitis were characterized.