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Aim: To evaluate the normal numerical and graphic values of nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT) test using Androscan MIT in healthy males in order to use the collected data as reference standard., Materials and Methods: NPT monitoring was carried out in 38 healthy male volunteers by fixing a sensor designed for 20 measurements on their penis. During the NPT test the following parameters were recorded: 1) total sleep time; 2) minimal penis diameter (PD) in the flaccid state recorded by the apparatus; 3) maximum PD during effective penile tumescence; 4) absolute PD increase during effective erections; 5) increase in PD in %; 6) the overall time of the rigid-erection phase; 7) the number of penile rigidity episodes; 8) the average duration of each effective erection; 9) the percentage of rigid erections during the whole monitoring period., Results: Based on the data collected by Androscan MIT, we have specified the numerical values which characterize normal physiological NPT indices in healthy male volunteers. The number of tests performed and similar inclusion criteria contribute to the objectiveness of the presented data. Normal sleep time was from 7.3 to 9.5 hours. Monitoring during sleeping reflected the upper and lower limits of the minimal PD value recorded by Androscan MIT, which was from 23.5 mm to 30.2 mm. The maximum PD increase during the most effective erection varied from 35.3 mm to 44.3 mm. Total PD increase was from 10.6 mm to 15.4 mm (from 35.6% to 59.2%). In all cases a significant difference in PD increase between flaccid state and effective erection during sleeping was seen. The number of penile rigidity episodes varied from 3 to 7 a night. The overall time of effective erections was from 62.3 to 206.7 minutes, while the minimum duration of a single erection episode was 16.4 minutes and the maximum duration reached 35.8 minutes. The ratio of effective NPT to the total sleep time (the percentage of penile rigidity episodes) varied from 11.9% to 41.3%., Conclusion: Our results allowed to define reference qualitative and quantitative values of NPT in healthy male volunteers recorded by Androscan MIT which can be considered as normal and physiological and used for differential diagnostics of erectile dysfunction.

Introduction: Smoking and alcohol consumption remain widespread throughout the world, including Russia. Recently, due to the increase in male infertility and subfertility, special attention has been paid to the effects of smoking and alcohol on the reproductive health of young men. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of smoking and moderate alcohol consumption on spermatogenesis, reproductive hormone levels and metabolic status in young men living in Western Siberia (Novosibirsk)., Materials and Methods: One hundred thirty-three volunteers (mean age 21.1+/-0.3 years) were tested for the sperm concentration, the proportion of mobile and morphologically normal spermatozoa in the ejaculate, blood serum levels of follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormones, prolactin, testosterone, estradiol, inhibin B, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, glucose and uric acid., Results: and conclusions The studied lifestyle factors were found to have no effects on spermatogenesis. Smoking more than 10 cigarettes per day and a moderate frequency of alcohol consumption (up to 1 time per week) was associated with higher blood serum testosterone levels and engaging in more frequent sexual contacts compared to non-smoking and non-drinking men. Drinking alcohol more than once a week and smoking more than 8 cigarettes per day was associated, along with the increase in testosterone levels and the frequency of sexual contacts, with lower levels of follicle-stimulating hormone and higher serum triglyceride levels. Thus, in young men, frequent drinking and smoking can alter the hormonal and metabolic balance, which, as the duration of the exposure and the strength of the factors increase, will increase the risk of reproductive disorders.

An analysis of prevalence and associated common risk factors of ED and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) was performed in Russian Federation by cross-sectional multicenter survey. International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) score and International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) were used for data collection in 1225 men between 20 and 77 years interviewed in six regions of Russian Federation. In addition, each participant's social, demographic, lifestyle, sexual and medical history was taken with special emphasis on risk factors for ED. Upon the basis of IIEF erectile domain score interpretation, ED was found in 530 (48.9%) men, consisting of mild and mild to moderate, moderate and severe ED in 375 (34.6%), 78 (7.2%) and 77 (7.1%) respondents, respectively. According to IPSS assessment, LUTSs were present in 649 (59.9%) responders; inclusive 370 (34.2%), 216 (19.9%) and 63 (5.8%) men with mild, moderate and severe LUTS, respectively. Men with both ED and LUTS shared common co-morbidities and lifestyle risk factors with age-adjusted odds ratio between 1.2 and 5.2. In logistic regression model (R(2)=0.361), the strongest associated with ED factor found was IPSS symptom score, followed by hypertension, IPSS-related quality of life, age, diabetes mellitus, obesity and unmotivated fatigue.

The article presents the results of the multicenter clinical comparative open-label trial in three parallel groups, which was aimed to the evaluation of the efficacy and safety ofbiologically active food supplement NefroDoz after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) in patients with urolithiasis. NefroDoz was prescribed for the lithokinetic purpose. The study involved 114 patients from different regions of the Russian Federation aged from 18 to 75 years (mean age 45.56 +/- 12.49 years) with a diagnosis of urolithiasis who underwent ESWL. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to the type oftreatment. Evaluation of the effectiveness was performed using data from a blood test, urine analysis, and biochemical blood assay, ultrasound and KUB X-ray. The results showed that NefroDoz has diuretic, anti-inflammatory, and lithokinetic effects, and is effective and safe drug for the patients with urolithiasis who underwent ESWL.

Varicocele and prostatitis are the most common andrological diseases, which may be accompanied by a decrease in the production of sperm cells, the deterioration of their quality and increased risk of infertility. This work was aimed to the evaluation of sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI) and main indices of sperm fertility (concentration, motility and morphology), and the relationship between these parameters in the men of active reproductive age suffering from prostatitis or varicocele. Assessment of sperm DNA fragmentation was performed by SCSA (sperm chromatin structure assay) using flow cytometry; sperm parameters were evaluated according to WHO recommendations. It was shown that men with prostatitis (n = 9) and varicocele (n = 22) had significantly higher DFI compared with men in the control group (n = 22). Negative influence of these diseases on the concentration and the percentage of motile sperm cells in the ejaculate was revealed. These data suggest that the deterioration in the quality of semen in varicocele and prostatitis may be caused not only by pathospermia, but also, at least partially, by violation of the integrity of the sperm DNA. Evaluation of sperm DNA fragmentation can be recommended for use in laboratory diagnostics for prediction of fertility in infertile men.

According to the results of epidemiological studies of prevalence of erectile dysfunction in the Russian Federation, the search for the determinants of risk of its development was performed. It was found that the leading risk factors for the development of erectile dysfunction, in descending order of statistical significance, include the amount of accumulation of points according to the IPSS score, arterial hypertension, L(IPSS) quality of life index, age, diabetes, and overweight and obesity.

The main purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of a multicomponent dietary supplement ProstaDoz in patients with chronic prostatitis. The study included 50 men with clinical symptoms of a chronic prostatitis, which were observed in 9 clinical centers in different regions of Russia. All patients have received 2 capsules of ProstaDoz twice a day for 1 month, followed by dynamic observation for 4 weeks. Symptomatic improvement was achieved in 46 (92%) patients. Evaluation of effects of ProstaDoz on various groups of symptoms has revealed that it reduces pain, promotes urination normalization and improvement of quality of life. These effects were maintained during all follow-up period.

The main aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of a multicomponent dietary supplement NeyroDoz in patients with rapid ejaculation. We examined 50 patients with rapid ejaculation (premature ejaculation), who were recruited in 9 clinical centers in different regions of Russia. These patients received NeyroDoz, 2 capsules twice a day for one month, followed by a control observation for 1 month. In study group of patients, symptomatic improvement was achieved in 45 (90%) of 50 patients at 4-week observation target date. In assessing the impact of NeyroDoz on different groups of symptoms, it was found that it significantly increases the average time of sexual intercourse by 2 times, increases the orgasm brightness, reduces the severity of psychosomatic component and has a positive effect on all components of the copulative cycle. In assessing the afterimpression, this effect was maintained throughout the period of follow-up.

With the aim of evaluation of prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED) and other violations of the sexual function of men in the Russian Federation, anonymous questionnaire survey of 1400 men was performed. The study involved seven centers located in the most densely populated regions of the country. 1225 questionnaires were analyzed. It was found that ED symptoms were present in 1101 (89.9%) respondents. Age-related symptoms (by AMS questionnaire) were detected in 554 (45.2%) patients, most of whom were aged 45-59 years. The importance of active detection of ED in men, as it can be one of manifestation of a more serious disease, was demonstrated.