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Objective: The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction is higher in patients with diabetes, and its diagnosis could cause better diabetes management. The purpose of the present study is to examine the impact of pathophysiological changes in patients with Type-2 diabetes on the frequency of thyroid dysfunction, thyroid autoimmunity, thyroid nodule, and thyroid cancer in Turkey. Methods: The study was conducted on a total of 3.276 patients with Type-2 diabetes who underwent thyroid tests and thyroid ultrasonography (US). The demographic characteristics, biochemical and hormonal values, thyroid US reports, and histopathology reports were collected from the patient's electronic records. Results: Thyroid autoimmunity positive TPOab 15.9% (n = 524) and/or positive TGab 9.9% (n = 327), the rate of positivity of both antibodies (TPOab + TGab) in the same patient, and total thyroid autoimmunity was found to be 32.57% (n=1067) in Type-2 diabetic patients. Thyroid dysfunction was detected in 18.3% (n = 602) of these patients. The distribution of thyroid dysfunction was 9.09% (n = 298) subclinical hypothyroidism, 4.1% (n = 135) clinical hypothyroidism, 3.1% (n = 102) subclinical hyperthyroidism, 2.0% (n = 67) clinical hyperthyroidism. Also, 67.9% (n = 2225) thyroid nodules, and 5% (n = 164) thyroid cancer were detected. Conclusion: Thyroid dysfunction was found to have increased in patients with Type-2 diabetes at significant levels.

Graphene oxide (GO), amine-modified graphene oxide (mGO), and N-TiO2 composites were synthesized by low-temperature hydrothermal method and characterized by using X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, FTIR, and BET analysis techniques. The films of synthesized TiO2, mGO:TiO2, N-TiO2, GO:TiO2, GO:N-TiO2, and commercially available P25 were prepared by doctor blade method. These films and their perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxy tetrabutylester (PTE)-sensitized forms were employed as photocatalysts for the photodegradation of rhodamine-B (RhB) under Xe lamp and direct sunlight irradiations. Independent from the irradiation source, the photocatalytic order of the non-sensitized films were GO:N-TiO2 > GO:TiO2 > N-TiO2 > mGO:TiO2 > TiO2 > P25, but seven and 15 folds of increments were detected under direct sunlight irradiation. PTE-sensitized catalyst films exhibited more than two folds of increase in the photocatalytic rate constants compared to their non-sensitized counterparts under Xe lamp irradiation. Under direct sunlight irradiation no matter which photocatalyst was used, the photocatalytic activity of these films was enhanced seven folds. Reusability tests revealed no significant changes in the photocatalytic rate constants obtained with both the non-sensitized and sensitized films., Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu [114M508], Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu, Grant/Award Number: 114M508

Ethynylene-bridged perylene diimides (PDIs) with different sized silane groups have been synthesized as a steric blocking group to prevent the formation of non-radiative trap sites, for example, strong H-aggregates and other dimers or excimers. Excited singlet-state exciton dynamics were investigated by time-resolved photoluminescence and ultrafast pump-probe transient absorption spectroscopy. The spectra of the excimer or dimer aggregates formed by the PDIs at high concentrations were also determined. Although the photophysical properties of the bare and shielded PDIs are identical at micromolar concentrations, more shielded PDI2 and PDI3 exhibited resistance to aggregation, retaining higher photoluminescence quantum yield even at 10 mM concentration and in neat films. The PDIs also exhibited high photostability (1 h of continuous excitation), as well as electrochemical stability (multiple cycles with cyclic voltammetry). Prevention of dimer/aggregate formation in this manner will extend the uses of PDIs to a variety of high concentration photonics and optoelectronic applications, such as organic light-emitting diodes, organic photovoltaics, and luminescent solar concentrators., Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) BIDEB-2214-A [1059B141800476]; TUBITAK [119F031]; HyperOLED project from the European Unions's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program [732013], E.A. thanks The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) BIDEB-2214-A (Appl. #1059B141800476) who supported this research financially. for time-resolved PL and ultrafast pump-probe TAS. E.A. and C.V. also thank the project support funds of TUBITAK (grant #119F031) for financial support of the synthesis, structural, electrochemical, and optical characterizations of perylene derivatives. A.D. and A.P.M. were supported by the HyperOLED project from the European Unions's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program under grant agreement number 732013.

IntroductionHepatectomy and transplantation cause liver damage through ischemic reperfusion and oxidative stress. There is no treatment available to improve liver regeneration and reduce ischemic-reperfusion injury. The present study aimed to investigate whether a selective phosphodiesterase III inhibitor, Cilostazol, improves ischemic reperfusion injury and liver regeneration following extended hepatectomy.Material and MethodWistar albino rats (n=40) were randomized and divided into four equal groups. All rats underwent 60% hepatectomy, and Cilostazol (5 mg/kg per day) was administered to the experimental group. The subjects were sacrificed on the 4th and 7th days following the resection. Blood samples were taken to evaluate liver enzymes (ALT, AST), and liver tissue samples were taken to analyze morphology. Biochemical, morphological, and histopathological parameters were compared between Groups.ResultsNo statistically significant differences were detected in ALT, AST values ​​, and relative liver weights in rats treated with Cilostazol compared to the control Group without Cilostazol. Although not statistically significant, a significant increase was detected in relative liver weight and a decrease in AST value in rats treated with Cilostazol. SOD activity was significantly higher, and GSH levels, MPO, and AOPPs were significantly lower in Cilostazol applied Groups. It is seen in these findings that selective inhibition of PDE3 by Cilostazol improves hepatic circulation. It was also found that ischemic reperfusion injury decreased, and regeneration markers such as mitosis index, even nucleus, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen ratio increased in rats treated with Cilostazol.ConclusionThe present study found that selective PDE3 inhibitor Cilostazol positively affected the histopathological parameters following extended liver resection and significantly increased hepatocellular proliferation.

IntroductionPreoperative localization of parathyroid adenomas and staining of parathyroid adenomas guided by different methods improve surgical outcomes. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the contribution of US-guided methylene blue staining to the surgical performance of parathyroid adenomas.Material and MethodThe study was conducted in the endocrinology and general surgery clinic on 152 parathyroid adenoma patients who underwent methylene blue staining with preoperative US guidance. This application is a new method and is very different from other applications since methylene blue is administered parenterally. In the procedure, a very low-dose methylene blue is administered to the inside or wall of the parathyroid adenoma with a fine needle. The data of the patients were obtained retrospectively from patient files and electronic records.ResultsIn the present study, a total of 152 patients who had suspicious parathyroid adenomas with difficult localization and a history of previous surgical failure were stained with methylene blue in the preoperative period. This practice was associated with minimally invasive surgery and very short operative time. The methylene blue staining method was also found to be effective in the diagnosis, localization, and treatment of parathyroid adenomas with 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity.ConclusionAs a result of the present study, it was concluded that methylene blue staining provides a guide for the excision of parathyroid adenomas, potentially improving surgical outcomes in the resection of unsuccessful attempts and ectopic parathyroid adenomas difficult to identify.

Solid state optical properties of fluorescent materials are important for many photonic devices such as organic light emitting diodes, frequency down-converters or luminescent solar concentrators. Perylene diimides (PDIs) represent one of the most popular organic semiconductors which find application in such photonic device applications. In this study, photophysical properties of two dibrominated PDI (DiBrPDIs), one of which contains a branched alkyl chain (2-ethylhexyl, 2-EH) and the other with an aromatic substituent (diisopropylphenyl, DIA) at the imide positions are comparatively studied. We report their absorption and photoluminescence, lifetime and photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), as well as photoinduced absorption properties (PIA) examined by fs-transient absorption spectroscopy. Having the same ? conjugated system, DiBrPDIDIA and DiBrPDI-2EH exhibited identical absorption and photoluminescence (PL) spectra in chloroform (?abs:527 nm and ?PL:552 nm). However, in film phase, DiBrPDI-DIA (?PL-DIA:596 nm; PLQY:73.4%) presented a shorter PL wavelength with a higher PLQY than that of DiBrPDI-2EH (?PL-2EH:649 nm; PLQY:36.7%). Bond lengths and core bending angles of PDI derivatives were calculated using Chem3D pro software. It was determined that the 2,6-diisopropylphenyl group in DiBrPDI(DIA) extends a distance of about 6.8 Å out from the imide positions, providing more effective steric protection from aggregation than the smaller 2EH group.

Perylene dyes have been employed in the fabrication of white light due to their superior photophysical properties and relatively easy synthetic methods. However, their molecular aggregation in solid state is one of the main handicaps since it causes deviation in their optical properties and quenches photoluminescence quantum yields (Φf). Investigation of the photophysical properties of a green (PTE), a yellow (PDI) and a new red (DiPhAPDI) emitting perylene derivative in solution, drop-casted films, polystyrene (PS) fibers and PS fibers embedded in poly (dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) showed that PS:dye fibers prevent aggregation to some extend and allows high Φf of dyes. The Φf values of PTE, PDI and DiPhAPDI were all higher than 93.0% in solution and 84.8%, 94.3% and 73.6%, respectively in PS:dye fibers. Embedding the fibers in PDMS improved the photostabilities of the dyes two folds compared to their solution phases. The prepared dye containing fibers were combined together into a single PDMS film and utilized as a frequency conversion layer on a blue LED. Fabricated samples were found to show high color rendering index (≥90), adjustable CCT (7500 K–5000 K), and power efficiency values exceeding 200 l m/W depending on the used fiber amount in mass.

Amberlite XAD-4 resin (AXAD-4) was chemically modified to an aminated Amberlite XAD-4 (AAXAD-4) resin and characterized by infrared spectroscopy. AAXAD-4 resin was used as an efficient solid phase for the preconcentration and speciation of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) ions by column technique. The concentration of chromium species was determined by microsample injection system-flame atomic absorption spectrometer (MIS-FAAS). Selective retention of Cr(III) ions was achieved at pH 8.0 and eluted using 1.0 mL of 3.0 mol L-1 HCl and 1.0 mL of 2.0 mol L-1 NaOH, successively, at the flow rate of 5.0 mL min-1. The maximal sorption capacity of AAXAD-4 resin for Cr(III) ions was found to be 67.0 mg g-1. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) for Cr(III) ions were found to be 0.041 and 0.131 ∆g L-1, respectively, with preconcentration factor (PF) of 375 and relative standard deviation (RSD) of 3.75% (n = 11). The method was validated using certified reference materials (CRMs) and successfully applied to the real samples, spiked with Cr(III) and Cr(VI) ions.

High efficiency orange and green emitting perylene dyes have been synthesized and dispersed in an inert polymer host to form an optical downconversion layer. To avoid dye aggregation and allow controlled colour tuning, this layer was deposited in multiple low-concentration spin-coating steps, directly on top of a high performance blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) organic light emitting diode (OLED). the orange downconversion layer partially absorbs the blue OLED emission, while emitting a complementary orange to give white light. However, as energy transfer between the TADF and perylene downconverter is based on emission and reabsorption, absorptive filtering of the blue OLED emission band necessitates the inclusion of an additional green-emitting perylene top-layer to achieve optimal white balance. the optimised white OLED fabricated in this way displayed excellent white colour balance (CIE x, y; 0.33, 0.33) with perfect stability, good colour rendering (CRI 80), and a high maximum efficiency (maximum EQE 17.2%) with minimal losses compared to the base blue OLED. This approach is widely applicable for generating white emission from any kind of blue OLED, and is compatible with a wide range of downconverting dyes and host materials., Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) 2214-A ProgramTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [1059B141800476]; TUBITAK grantTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [119F031]; HyperOLED project from the European Unions's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program [732013], EA thanks the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) 2214-A Program (Appl. #1059B141800476) who supported this research financially. EA and CV thank to the project support funds of TUBITAK grant #119F031 for financial support on the synthesis of PDI1/2 and PTE. AD and APM were supported by the HyperOLED project from the European Unions's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program under grant agreement number 732013.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of haemodynamic indices on colour Doppler ultrasound in differential diagnosis in patients with postpartum thyroiditis and with Graves' disease. METHODS: The cross-sectional study was conducted at the Endocrinology Polyclinic of Medical Park Hospital, Ordu, Turkey, from March 2017 to May 2018 and comprised patients referred from the Gynaecology Department for routine check-up after parturition within the first 6 months. The patients were divided into two groups. Group 1 had postpartum thyroiditis patients and Group 2 had those of Graves' disease. In both groups, parameters measured were peak systolic velocity, end-diastolic velocity and resistive index of the inferior thyroid artery with proper angle (45-60°) on colour Doppler ultrasound. Data was analysed using SPSS 20. RESULTS: Of the 42 subjects,18(42.85%) were in Group 1 and 24(57.14%) were in Group 2. Peak systolic velocity and end-diastolic velocity values of the inferior thyroid artery were higher in Group 2 compared to Group 1 (p

Onmez, Attila/0000-0002-7188-7388 WOS: 000490203600001 PubMed: 31617112 Background The aim of this study was to determine changes in thyroid hormones and morphology with weight loss after bariatric surgery in obese patients. Methods This prospective study was performed in our endocrinology and surgery clinic. Pre- and post-bariatric surgery thyroid function tests and thyroid ultrasonography parameters were compared. Results Four hundred seventy-two patients were included in the study. Mean weight loss after surgery was 30.7 +/- 5.1 kg. TSH levels decreased statistically significantly parallel with weight loss and decreased BMI (p = 0.025) after bariatric surgery. However, no statistically significant change was observed in fT4 or fT3 levels (p > 0.05). A significant increase in thyroid parenchyma echogenicity, correlated with weight loss and time elapsed since surgery, was detected at ultrasonography (US) grayscale histogram analysis compared with muscle echogenicity (p = 0.032). An increase in echogenicity was even detected in patients with isoechoic thyroid parenchyma before surgery. Fasting insulin and HOMA-IR levels decreased after surgery (p = 0.010 and p = 0.001, respectively). Patients were divided into three groups based on weight loss. In group 3, preoperative TSH of 4.1 +/- 0.7 decreased to 1.6 +/- 0.7 postoperatively (p = 0.001), while preoperative HOMA-IR of 4.9 +/- 1.9 decreased to 2.4 +/- 0.8 postoperatively (p = 0.001). Conclusions Obesity causes thyroid hormone resistance through a mechanism similar to insulin resistance and leads to an increase in TSH similar to hyperinsulinemia. Our findings show that echogenicity at thyroid US increases in line with weight loss following bariatric surgery.

Aim: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) are common and frequently comorbid diseases. A genetic predisposition and an inflammatory and autoimmune relationship have been posited between them. This study examines the role played by autoimmunity in the relation between PCOS and HT. Methods: This case-control study was conducted at the Medical Park Hospital endocrinology and gynecology departments, Ordu, Turkey, from July 2015 to December 2018. Reproductive-age women diagnosed with PCOS based on the Rotterdam criteria, women diagnosed with HT, and healthy women with neither PCOS nor HT were included in the study. Thyroid function tests, thyroid autoantibodies, gonadotropins, androgen hormones, fasting glucose and insulin levels, and body mass index (BMI) were compared among the three groups. All patients also underwent pelvic and thyroid ultrasound examinations. Results: Five hundred ninety-six women were included in the study, 254 in the PCOS group, 190 in the HT group, and 152 in the control group. BMI was significantly higher in the PCOS and HT groups than in the control group (P=0.012, and P=0.027, respectively). Menstrual and androgenic symptoms were also significantly higher in the patient groups than in the control group (P

In solution processed single layer white organic light emitting diode (WOLED) applications, the choice of host matrix and optimization of dopant levels represent two crucial parameters to consider. In this work, poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PVK): 2-(4-Biphenylyl)-5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole (PBD) and PVK:1,3-bis[(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazolyl] phenylene (OXD-7) matrices are used as hosts for perylene based devices. PVK:PBD presented better compatibility and lower turn-on voltages compared to PVK:OXD-7. Benefiting from the exciplex emission observed at 630 nm, a color rendering index (CRI) value of 90 is reached with the device containing PVK:PBD as the host and 0.1 wt.% of an orange emitting perylene derivative, i.e., PDI. Introduction of the perylene based green emitter, i.e., PTE, in this emitting layer not only caused a fading in the exciplex emission, but also resulted in disappearance of the electroplex peak at 535 nm, which is detected between PVK:PBD and PTE in bare PTE containing devices. Full visible range coverage is achieved by optimizing the PDI:PTE ratio. WOLED containing PVK:PBD:0.06 wt.% PDI:0.03 wt.% PTE presented high CRI (≥95) and adjustable correlated color temperatures (CCT, 3800 K-5100 K).

Giris: Diyabetik ayak enfeksiyonlari onemli morbidite ve mortalite nedenidir. Tani ve tedavide gecikmeler ve yetersizlikler hastanede yatis surelerini uzatmakta, is gucu kaybi, sakatlik ve psikososyal travmaya neden olmakta, tedavi masraflari hastaya ve ulkeye ciddi mali yuk getirmektedir. Bu calismada, multidisipliner yaklasimla takip edilen diyabetik ayak tanili hastalarin klinik ve mikrobiyolojik verilerinin degerlendirilmesi amaclandi. Gerec ve Yontemler : Bu calisma, 2011-2018 yillarinda Endokrinoloji Klinigi’mizde diyabetik ayak konseyinde takip edilen 36 diyabetik ayak olgusu verileri retrospektif olarak incelendi. Hastalar medikal tedavi ve cerrahi tedavi olarak iki gruba ayrildi. Bulgular : Calismaya 24 (%66.6) erkek, 12 (%33.3) kadin toplam 36 hasta alindi. Medikal tedavi ve cerrahi tedavi grubu hastalar karsilastirildiginda, cerrahi tedaviye gidis ile hipertansiyon, hiperlipidemi, kulturde bakteri uremesi, sigara kullanimi, lokositoz, cinsiyet, oral antidiyabetik ilac ya da insulin kullanimi gibi parametreler arasinda istatistiksel olarak anlamli fark bulunamadi. Cerrahi tedaviye gidis ile periferik damar hastaligi, kotu glisemik kontrol, osteomiyelit, sedimantasyon >70 mm/s, noropati, retinopati, nefropati varligi arasinda anlamli istatistiksel farklilik saptandi. Sonuc: Diyabetik ayak ulserlerinin onlenmesi icin egitim, noropatinin erken saptanmasi ve iyi glisemik kontrol ile mumkundur. Diyabetik ayak ulseri gelisen olgulari amutasyondan korumak icin hastalar multidisipliner bir sekilde degerlendirilmeli, donanimli bir ekip tarafindan tedavi ve takibi yapilmalidir.

Amberlite XAD-4 resin (AXAD-4) was chemically modified to an aminated Amberlite XAD-4 (AAXAD-4) resin and characterized by infrared spectroscopy. AAXAD-4 resin was used as an efficient solid phase for the preconcentration and speciation of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) ions by column technique. The concentration of chromium species was determined by microsample injection system-flame atomic absorption spectrometer (MIS-FAAS). Selective retention of Cr(III) ions was achieved at pH 8.0 and eluted using 1.0 mL of 3.0 mol L–1 HCl and 1.0 mL of 2.0 mol L–1 NaOH, successively, at the flow rate of 5.0 mL min–1. The maximal sorption capacity of AAXAD-4 resin for Cr(III) ions was found to be 67.0 mg g–1. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) for Cr(III) ions were found to be 0.041 and 0.131 µg L–1, respectively, with preconcentration factor (PF) of 375 and relative standard deviation (RSD) of 3.75% (n = 11). The method was validated using certified reference materials (CRMs) and successfully applied to the real samples, spiked with Cr(III) and Cr(VI) ions. © 2018 Slovensko Kemijsko Drustvo. All rights reserved.

This paper is part of a Special Issue entitled the 33rd International Physics Conference of Turkish Physical Society., Perylene derivatives of N,N′-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-1,6(7)-dibromoperylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic diimide (DBrPDI) and 1,7-dibromo perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid butyl ester (DBrPTE) were synthesized, and their structural and optical characterizations were explored. Both DBrPDI and DBrPTE, which were utilized as wavelength converters on a GaN/InGaN based blue LED, were singlet sensitizers and had molar absorptivity constants around 104 Lmol-1cm-1. The blue LED that was used had Commission internationale de l'eclairage (CIE) coordinates of x, y = 0.13, 0.06; power and luminous efficiencies of 2.7 lm/W and 6.6 cd/A @5 mA, respectively. Because the fluorescence quantum yield of DBrPDI was much higher than that of DBrPTE, a meaningful white light efficiency was obtained with the diimide derivative. The use of DBrPDI resulted in white light with CIE coordinates of x, y = 0.34, 0.29 and luminous efficiency of 6.35 cd/A @5 mA, respectively. Using DBrPDI in a resin matrix resulted in more than three orders of magnitude increase in the luminous efficiency value (23.0 cd/A @5 mA) while the CIE coordinates remained the same. Whenever the applied current reached 20 mA, a CRI value of Ra = 90 was obtained.

A novel adaptable analog/digital converter (ADC) that combines analog/digital conversion and entropy-coding for integrated data compression and low-power operation is reported. The converter has high flexibility of operation in terms of adaptable resolution, conversion rate and input signal statistics. This feature allows to adaptively react to changes of the situation and to put the device in each case into the optimum configuration. The ADC has been realized in a 0.6 μm CMOS technology with a peak resolution of 12 bit and 200 kS/s maximum sampling rate. A comprehensive power model of the converter is presented that reflects precisely the power consumption determined from experiments. The model is very useful for optimizing the converter configuration in the node of a wireless sensor network for specific situations. A feasible real-life application is demonstrated.