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Fucans from marine algae have been the object of many studies that demonstrated a broad spectrum of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of this study was to verify the protective effects of a fucan extracted from the brown algae Spatoglossum schröederi in animals submitted to a generalized inflammation model induced by zymosan (ZIGI). BALB/c mice were first submitted to zymosan-induced peritonitis to evaluate the treatment dose capable of inhibiting the induced cellular migration in a simple model of inflammation. Mice were treated by the intravenous route with three doses (20, 10, and 5 mg/kg) of our fucan and, 1 h later, were inoculated with an intraperitoneal dose of zymosan (40 mg/kg). Peritoneal exudate was collected 24 h later for the evaluation of leukocyte migration. Doses of the fucan of Spatoglossum schröederi at 20 and 10 mg/kg reduced peritoneal cellular migration and were selected to perform ZIGI experiments. In the ZIGI model, treatment was administered 1 h before and 6 h after the zymosan inoculation (500 mg/kg). Treatments and challenges were administered via intravenous and intraperitoneal routes, respectively. Systemic toxicity was assessed 6 h after inoculation, based on three clinical signs (bristly hair, prostration, and diarrhea). The peritoneal exudate was collected to assess cellular migration and IL-6 levels, while blood samples were collected to determine IL-6, ALT, and AST levels. Liver tissue was collected for histopathological analysis. In another experimental series, weight loss was evaluated for 15 days after zymosan inoculation and fucan treatment. The fucan treatment did not present any effect on ZIGI systemic toxicity; however, a fucan dose of 20 mg/kg was capable of reducing the weight loss in treated mice. The treatment with both doses also reduced the cellular migration and reduced IL-6 levels in peritoneal exudate and serum in doses of 20 and 10 mg/kg, respectively. They also presented a protective effect in the liver, with a reduction in hepatic transaminase levels in both doses of treatment and attenuated histological damage in the liver at a dose of 10 mg/kg. Fucan from S. schröederi presented a promising pharmacological activity upon the murine model of ZIGI, with potential anti-inflammatory and hepatic protective effects, and should be the target of profound and elucidative studies.

Introdução: O câncer oral é um problema de saúde pública em vários países do mundo, entretanto é uma doença que pode ser prevenida em razão da sua bem estabelecida associação com certos fatores de riscos que podem ser facilmente identificados pelo profissional no momento da avaliação clínica do paciente. Objetivo: Analisar a percepção dos cirurgiões-dentistas e universitários de Odontologia em relação ao diagnóstico e a fatores de risco das lesões orais malignas e potencialmente malignas. Método: Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário validado e adaptado para a presente pesquisa, incluindo perguntas sobre dados sociodemográficos e percepção do conhecimento das lesões orais potencialmente malignas e câncer oral. De acordo com a pontuação obtida, atribuíram-se quatro conceitos, A (ótimo nível de informação); B (bom); C (regular); e D (insatisfatório). Resultados: Duzentos e noventa e dois indivíduos participaram do estudo, a maioria tinha entre 20 e 29 anos (48,97%) e era do sexo feminino (62%). Os participantes mais jovens, estudantes e graduados apresentaram melhores conceitos com relação ao câncer oral (p=0,000). A leucoplasia foi a lesão oral potencialmente maligna mais relacionada ao câncer (76,4%). Apenas 12,7% dos participantes obtiveram conceito A, embora 85,4% referissem atualizar-se sobre esse tema. Conclusão: Notou-se baixo nível de percepção no conhecimento das lesões orais potencialmente malignas e câncer oral, entretantoos participantes mais jovens, estudantes e graduados com menos tempo de formado apresentaram melhores conceitos.

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of thermogenic supplementation on the bone tissue of rats subjected to orthodontic movement. A total of 38 male Wistar rats underwent orthodontic movement of the left permanent maxillary first molars for 21 days. The rats were assigned to three groups: Control group: water; Thermogenic 1: C4 Beta Pump thermogenic; or Thermogenic 2: PRE-HD/Pre-workout. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) was used to investigate the dynamic changes in the microstructure of alveolar bone during orthodontic tooth movement in rats. Histopathologic analysis was performed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, whereas tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) was employed for osteoclast count. Maxillary tissue was collected and evaluated by immunohistochemistry for receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK), receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), and osteoprotegerin (OPG). The Thermogenic 2 group exhibited a significantly lower percentage of bone volume fraction (BV/TV) (68.21% ± 17.70%) compared to the control (86.84% + 12.91%) and Thermogenic 1 groups (86.84% + 15.94%) (p < 0.05). The control group had a significantly higher mean orthodontic movement in the mesial direction (0.2143 mm + 0.1513 mm) than the Thermogenic 2 group (0.0420 mm + 0.05215 mm) (p < 0.05). The Thermogenic 2 and Thermogenic 1 groups showed a stronger immunostaining for RANKL when compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The supplementation used in the Thermogenic 2 group (PRE-HD/Pre-workout) induced alveolar bone loss in rats subjected to orthodontic movement, which can be related to the regulation of the RANK/RANKL/OPG signaling pathway. This suggests the influence of thermogenic supplements on bone metabolism seems to depend on their composition.

A COVID-19 é uma doença causada pelo novo coronavírus (SARS-CoV-2), identificada em Wuhan, na China, em dezembro de 2019, e declarada pandemia pela Organização Mundial da Saúde em março de 2020. As manifestações clínicas ocorrem principalmente no sistema respiratório, no entanto alguns estudos têm relatado alterações extra-pulmonares, tais como implicações orais e maxilofaciais. O presente estudo objetiva verificar as possíveis implicações orais e maxilofaciais da COVID-19. Para tanto, foi realizada uma revisão integrativa da literatura. Foram realizadas buscas sistemáticas no SciELO, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus e Google Acadêmico no período de 6 a 8 de junho de 2020. Os critérios de inclusão foram estudos que avaliaram manifestações orais e/ou maxilofaciais da COVID-19 e retratavam casos clínicos de pacientes com a doença. Os critérios de exclusão foram estudos indisponíveis para leitura na íntegra, revisões de literatura e cartas ao editor. Foram selecionados 12 estudos, nos quais as principais manifestações foram alterações no paladar e no olfato, boca seca, úlceras em mucosa oral e aumento dos linfonodos cervicais e submandibulares, os quais podem se apresentar em conjunto com outros sintomas respiratórios ou de forma isolada. Devido a isso, a identificação de algumas dessas alterações pode contribuir para o diagnóstico precoce da doença, entretanto mais estudos são necessários para aprimorar as evidências científicas a respeito da temática, para esclarecer se parte dessas alterações constituem manifestações da doença ou consequência do estado imunológico do paciente que favorece o desenvolvimento de infecções oportunistas e negligência da higiene bucal.

COVID-19 was identified to be caused by a new coronavirus named as SARS-CoV-2. Since the outbreak of this disease, World Health Organization (WHO) declared a global public health emergency. SARS-CoV-2 has a high estimate rate of human-to-human transmission mainly through inhalation/ingestion/direct mucous contact with respiratory droplets. Considering this high transmission capacity, several countries have already registered cases of infection by health professionals. Even though dentists are not directly involved in the diagnosis and therapy of COVID-19 they represent undoubtedly a risk group due to high exposure and their work environment is a contagion factor for patients and staff. In this manner, the objective of this article is to approach important aspects of COVID-19 concerning dental care and provides an overview of its challenges on dental practice. For this, we used these following keywords in our research: COVID-19; dental general practice; prevention and control; infectious disease transmission; infectious disease transmission, patient to professional. Taking into account the global concern with patient care in midst of this pandemic, we address valid concerns regarding the potential means of contamination in the dental office and highlight practices and guidelines adopted in different countries to minimize risks in dental care in this global public health crisis, thus, reinforcing the challenges of dentistry in this context, highlighting the importance of rigorous preventive measures. However, there is still a lack of standardization of dental care protocols and consequently, reduce the risk of contagion.

Introduction: exfoliative cheilitis is an infrequent skin condition that occurs mostly in women, affecting the skin of the lips. Though its etiology is unknown, it has been associated to stress and anxiety, as well as to parafunctional habits. Diagnosis and management are challenging, due to the clinical similarity between exfoliative cheilitis and other lesions of the lips, since these are often recurrent. Objective: describe two clinical cases of exfoliative cheilitis, focusing on the differential diagnosis. Case presentation: the first case was a white male 21-year-old patient who reported having had a burning sensation on his lips associated to crust formation for two years. The patient stated having been under treatment and being in good general health. Complementary tests were indicated which did not reveal any alteration. Thus, the hypothesis of exfoliative cheilitis was put forth. Incisional biopsy was performed under local anesthesia, histopathological examination confirming the clinical diagnosis of exfoliative cheilitis. Laser therapy was indicated, but the treatment was not successful. The second case was a black female 43-year-old patient presenting with spots and fissures on her lips, as well as itching. Complementary tests were indicated which yielded normal values, and thus the clinical diagnosis was actinic prurigo. Incisional biopsy performed under local anesthesia led to the diagnosis of exfoliative cheilitis. The patient was treated with topical corticosteroids, with regression of the lesion. Conclusions: exfoliative cheilitis diagnosis and clinical management are challenging, hence the need to make an accurate diagnosis, excluding other conditions with the aid of complementary tests.

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Recurrent aphthous ulcerations are common benign ulcerated lesions on the mouth, whose etiology is poorly understood, with controversial treatment and difficult to control in clinical practice. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the cases of recurrent aphthous ulcerations with a focus on treatment, diagnosis and etiology. METHODS: This is a retrospective study of the cases of the Oral Diagnosis service of the Rio Grande do Norte Federal University in Natal/RN. Data such as sex, age, race, location, smoking habits, types of treatment, relapsing episodes, laboratory test results and clinical characteristics were collected. The associations between the variables were analyzed using the Pearson Chi-square test (p

Objective: To conduct a retrospective study on a series of cases of PV and BMMP with manifestations in the oral cavity in order to ascertain prevalence, sociodemographic characteristics, diagnostic maneuvers, treatment and follow-up. Methods: This is a retrospective, descriptive study in which clinical data were collected from the medical records of all cases of PV and BMMP registered and diagnosed, between 1995 and 2015, in the Oral Diagnostic Service of the UFRN Department of Dentistry. Results: The mean age of the total sample (n = 36) was 41.64, with females the most frequent (n = 26; 72.22%) and the cheek mucosa being the site most affected (n = 20; 27.40%). Eight patients (22.22%), including 5 cases of PV and 3 BMMP, were clinically reevaluated. All patients exhibited lesions at the time of follow-up. Prednisone (n=7; 87.5%) and clobetasol propionate (n=8, 100%) were the most widely used drugs in the systemic and topical treatment, respectively. The follow-up period ranged from 5 months to 5 years. Conclusion: The clinical profile of patients in this study was similar to that evidenced in the literature. However, it was found that the oral lesions were more resistant to the treatment used on the patients evaluated.

Abstract: We report a 35-year-old mulatto female patient with neurofibromatosis Type 1 who presented with facial asymmetry. The patient had two lesions: florid cemento-osseous dysplasia associated with peripheral giant cell granuloma. She was referred for surgical treatment of the peripheral giant cell granuloma and the florid cemento-osseous dysplasia was treated conservatively by a multidisciplinary team. So far, no changes have been observed in the patient's clinical status. We observed no recurrence of peripheral giant cell granuloma. To the best of our knowledge, the present case is the first report of a patient with neurofibromatosis Type 1 associated with a giant cell lesion and florid cemento-osseous dysplasia.

Abstract: Background: The studies found in the literature associate the immunoexpression of hMLH1 and hMSH2 proteins with histologic aspects, but do not correlate it with clinical and epidemiological data. Objective: To evaluate the immunoexpression of hMLH1 and hMSH2 in actinic cheilitis, correlating it with clinical characteristics. Methods: We analyzed 40 cases. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses were performed. The following clinical variables were evaluated: gender, age range, ethnicity, clinical aspect and occupational sunlight exposure. Statistical evaluation included the Student t-test, while the significance level was set at 5%. Results: Greater immunoexpression of hMLH1 and hMSH2 was observed in females, individuals aged over 40, and mixed-race/black patients. Furthermore, the immunoexpression of these proteins was greater in actinic cheilitis with a white-colored appearance and in patients without occupational sunlight exposure. No statistical differences were observed for the variables studied. Conclusion: This study uncovered variations of hMLH1 and hMSH2 protein expression upon evaluation of clinical aspects in actinic cheilitis.

AbstractBACKGROUND:Actinic cheilitis (AC) is a potentially malignant disorder of the lip caused by chronic exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the sun.OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the clinical, demographic, morphological and therapeutic management in AC cases data associating to the histopathological grading.METHODS:Demographic, clinical and management data of 161 patients with AC were analyzed. In biopsied cases, two calibrated examiners performed histopathological grading by binary system.RESULTS:There was a prevalence of males (79.5%), aged 40 years or older (77.5%), light-skinned (85.7%), experiencing occupational exposure to sunlight (80.3%), with AC presenting clinically as white lesions (33.6%). Conservative treatment was adopted in 78 cases and biopsy in 83 cases (60.2% graded as low-risk AC). There were no significant associations between histopathological grading and gender (p= 0.509), age (p=0.416), ethnicity (p=0.388), occupational exposure to sunlight (p=1.000) or clinical presentation (p=0.803).CONCLUSION:This study reinforces the hypothesis that demographic and clinical characteristics of AC are not related to histopathological grading. Advice on protection from sun exposure should be encouraged to avoid progression of AC and invasive therapies.

Abstract: The aim of this study was to compare the number of CD57+ natural killer (NK) cells and CD8+ T lymphocytes between periapical granulomas (PGs) and radicular cysts (RCs). Twenty-fives cases of PGs and 25 of RCs were submitted to histological analysis and immunohistochemistry using anti-CD57 and anti-CD8 biomarkers. Positive cells were counted in 10 fields (400× magnification) and the median value was calculated for each case. Statistical tests were used to evaluate differences in the number of CD57+ NK cells and CD8+ T lymphocytes according to type of lesion, intensity of the infiltrate and thickness of the lining epithelium. The number of CD57+ NK cells and CD8+ T lymphocytes was higher in PGs than in RCs (p = 0.129 and p = 0.541, respectively). Comparison of the number of CD57+ NK cells in atrophic and hyperplastic epithelium revealed a larger number of cells in the atrophic epithelium (p = 0.042). A larger number of CD57+ NK cells and CD8+ T lymphocytes were observed in grade III infiltrates compared to grade I/II (p = 0.145 and p = 0.725, respectively). CD8+ T lymphocytes were more prevalent than CD57+ NK cells in most cases when PGs and RCs were analyzed separately or in combination (p < 0.0001). CD57+ NK cells and CD8+ T lymphocytes play a key role in antiviral defense and the presence of these cells supports evidence suggesting the participation of these microorganisms in the pathogenesis of PGs and RCs. The response mediated by CD8+ T lymphocytes was more frequent, indicating greater participation of the adaptive immunity in these chronic lesions.

Objective:This research aims to establish the prevalence, factors associated with the onset, and clinical and histopathological features of oral leukoplakia and erythroplakia, so that these data can contribute to the prevention of these lesions and, consequently, of oral cancer.Material and method:A retrospective study was conducted at a reference service of Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) from 2000 to 2012. To verify the association of variables, Pearson's chi-squared test and Fisher's exact test (p ≤ 0.05) were used.Results:Among 6,560 investigated records, 54 cases were selected, of which 44.4% were male and 55.6% female, with mean age of 56.93 years. Regarding habits, 72.2% were smokers and 25% were alcohol users; 17.9% showed association of both habits. Oral leukoplakia lesions were the most prevalent (0.65%) and oral erythroplakia showed greater association with malignancy in the histopathological presentation (p = 0.001). Most lesions showed no symptoms (p = 0.004). The most frequent was oral leukoplakia in smoking women, with mean age of 57 years.Conclusion:Knowledge of associated factors and clinical characteristics of oral leukoplakia and erythroplakia is essential for establishing the correct diagnosis and treatment.

BACKGROUND: Ephelides are small hyperpigmented macules common in the skin, presenting as areas with increased melanin production. Ephelides are observed in genetically predisposed individuals, particularly fair-skinned people highly susceptible to sunburn. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of lip and perioral ephelides in 362 beach workers in the city of Natal (Rio Grande do Norte) and to investigate potential associations with sociodemographic, occupational and general health. METHODS: For this purpose clinical tests were performed by calibrated examiners in the epidemiological area around the lips and the area bounded laterally by the nasolabial groove and at the bottom by the chin. A questionnaire was completed and assessed. The possible associations between sociodemographic variables, occupational and general health with the presence of lip and perioral ephelides were evaluated by chi-square test for a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: Approximately one third of the workers were affected by perioral ephelides (33.7%) and around a quarter of them by lip ephelides (24.0%). Gender was the only variable significantly associated with the presence of perioral ephelides (p = 0.002), unlike lip ephelides which proved to be significantly associated with habits (p = 0.036) and alcoholism (0.030). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of ephelides in lip and perioral region was high in the study population, with gender and certain habits associated with its occurrence.FUNDAMENTOS: Efélides são máculas hiperpigmentadas pequenas, comuns na pele, que constituem uma área com maior aumento da produção de melanina. São observadas em indivíduos geneticamente predispostos, de pele clara, com grande suscetibilidade a queimaduras solares. OBJETIVOS: Esse estudo teve o propósito de verificar a prevalência de efélides labiais e periorais em 362 trabalhadores de praias do município de Natal/RN e investigar potenciais associações com variáveis sociodemográficas, ocupacionais e de saúde geral. MÉTODOS: Para tanto, foram realizados exames clínicos por examinadores calibrados, na área correspondente aos lábios e na área delimitada lateralmente pelo sulco nasolabial e inferiormente pelo mento, além de preenchimento de questionário validado. As possíveis associações das variáveis sociodemográficas, ocupacionais e de saúde geral com a presença de efélides labiais e periorais foram avaliadas pelo teste do qui-quadrado para um nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: Aproximadamente um terço dos trabalhadores foi acometido por efélides perioral (33,7%) e um quarto por efélides labial (24,0%). O gênero foi a única variável que se mostrou associada significativamente com a presença de efélides periorais (p=0,002), ao contrário das efélides labiais que mostrou-se associada significativamente com hábito (p=0,036) e etilismo (0,030). CONCLUSÕES: Conclui-se que a prevalência de efélides em região perioral e labial foi elevada na população estudada e o gênero e hábitos foram associadas à sua ocorrência.

OBJETIVO: Analisar a prevalência de lesões labiais decorrentes da exposição solar e potenciais associações em trabalhadores de praia. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com 362 trabalhadores de cinco praias urbanas em Natal, RN, de agosto a dezembro de 2010. Os participantes responderam um questionário validado com dados pessoais, de ocupação e de saúde e passaram por exame clínico dos lábios feito por pesquisadores calibrados. As possíveis associações das variáveis sociodemográficas, ocupacionais e de saúde geral com a presença de lesões labiais foram avaliadas pelo teste do qui-quadrado para um nível de significância de 5%. A análise multivariada foi feita utilizando-se a regressão robusta de Poisson. RESULTADOS: Dos trabalhadores examinados, 27,1% apresentavam lesões labiais. Desses, 76,8% eram do sexo masculino; 61,6% tinham pele morena ou negra; 94,5% trabalhavam informalmente; e 85,4% trabalhavam expostos ao sol. A maioria (81,1%) relatou uso de algum tipo de fotoproteção: protetor solar (38,7%); protetor labial (15,3%); boné/chapéu (72,4%). Aproximadamente 28% eram fumantes e 48% consumiam álcool regularmente. A fotoproteção com uso de boné/chapéu foi associada à presença de lesões labiais decorrentes da exposição solar. CONCLUSÕES: Observou-se alta prevalência de lesões labiais nos indivíduos expostos ao sol, a qual foi associada ao uso de boné/chapéu como forma de fotoproteção.

INTRODUÇÃO E OBJETIVOS: O melanoma é uma neoplasia maligna que pode acometer a pele e as mucosas. A taxa de incidência do melanoma cutâneo de forma geral tem aumentado nos últimos anos. Esta pesquisa realizou uma análise retrospectiva de melanomas cutâneos e mucosos no período de 30 anos em um serviço do Rio Grande do Norte, enfatizando características clínicas, conduta e evolução dos melanomas mucosos orais. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Nos prontuários clínicos, foram coletadas informações sobre idade, raça, sexo, localização o tipo de comprometimento da lesão, se primária ou metastática. RESULTADOS: Um total de 397 casos de melanoma foi diagnosticado, sendo 332 cutâneos (83,6%) e 46 mucosos (11,6%). O tronco foi mais acometido (27,7%), seguido por membros inferiores (24,7%) e cabeça e pescoço (18,9%). Entre os melanomas mucosos, a maioria era de cabeça e pescoço (76,1%). De forma geral, 52,4% ocorreram em indivíduos do sexo masculino e 47,6%, no feminino. A idade média foi de 54,9 anos. Nos homens esteve mais presente nas sétima e oitava décadas de vida, e nas mulheres, nas quinta e sexta décadas. Seis casos (1,5%) acometeram a mucosa oral e estes ocorreram mais em indivíduos do sexo feminino, acima de 55 anos. CONCLUSÃO: O perfil epidemiológico dos casos de melanomas avaliados se assemelha aos poucos estudos epidemiológicos publicados, apesar de alguns dados, no tocante a sexo e idade em determinadas localizações anatômicas, terem variado e a incidência de melanomas orais ter sido bem mais baixa do que a relatada na maioria das pesquisas.INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Melanoma is a malignant neoplasm that occurs in the skin and mucosae. Overall, the incidence rate of cutaneous melanoma has increased in the last years. It was performed a retrospective analysis of cutaneous and mucosal melanomas diagnosed within a period of 30 years in one health care institution of Rio Grande do Norte, highlighting clinical features, approach and evolution of oral mucosal melanomas. METHODS: Data as to age, race, gender, tumor topography and lesion involvement (metastatic or primary) were collected from clinical records. RESULTS: A total of 397 cases of melanoma were diagnosed, 332 of them were cutaneous (83.6%) and 46 of them were mucosal (11.6%). The trunk was the most affected area (27.7%), followed by lower limbs (24.7%) and head/neck (18.9%). Within the mucosal melanomas, most cases were on head and neck (76.1%). By and large, 52.4% affected male individuals and 47.6% affected female patients. The mean age was 54.9. Among men it was more prevalent in the 7th and 8th decades of life, whereas among women it was more prevalent in the 5th and 6th decades of life. A total of 6 cases (1.5%) occurred in the oral mucosa, with more prevalence among female individuals over 55 years of age. CONCLUSIONS: The epidemiological profile of the analyzed cases of melanoma was similar to the few published epidemiological studies, although some data on gender and age in certain anatomical sites varied and the incidence of oral melanoma was much lower than that reported in most investigations.

OBJETIVOS: O objetivo desta pesquisa foi realizar uma análise clínica e morfológica em lesões orais com potencial de malignização. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Os dados clínicos e morfológicos referentes a tais lesões foram obtidos a partir das fichas clínicas e dos laudos histopatológicos, respectivamente. RESULTADOS: Dos 205 casos analisados, a lesão mais prevalente foi a leucoplasia (70,7%), seguida da queilite actínica (16,1%), eritroplasia (9,8%) e eritroleucoplasia (3,4%). Verificou-se uma associação significativa entre o sexo e as lesões (p < 0,001), sendo o sexo feminino mais prevalente nas leucoplasias e eritroplasias. A raça branca foi mais acometida em todas as lesões. Quanto à localização anatômica, o rebordo alveolar prevaleceu na leucoplasia (21%), na eritroplasia e eritroleucoplasia, o palato foi mais acometido com 47,4% e 57,1%, respectivamente. Com relação à idade, não houve diferença significativa entre as lesões (p > 0,05), sendo mais frequentes nas quinta, sexta e sétima décadas de vida. Observou-se que, na maioria dos casos de eritroplasias e eritroleucoplasias, os diagnósticos clínicos foram incompatíveis com o morfológico. Verificou-se associação significativa entre transformação maligna e lesões (p < 0,001), pois a eritroplasia apresentou uma taxa de malignização de 20%, enquanto na leucoplasia o índice foi de 2,1%. CONCLUSÃO: A prevalência das lesões orais com potencial de malignização foi semelhante ao encontrado na literatura, mas com algumas diferenças em relação ao perfil epidemiológico das mesmas, ressaltando-se que estas entidades merecem uma atenção especial por parte do clínico, especialmente as eritroplasias, que apresentaram um elevado percentual de malignização e o maior índice de equívocos no diagnóstico clínico.OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to perform a clinical and morphological analysis of potentially malignant oral lesions. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The clinical and morphological data related to these lesions were obtained from clinical and histopathological records, respectively. RESULTS: Out of 205 cases, the most prevalent lesion was oral leukoplakia (70.7%), followed by actinic cheilitis (16.1%), erythroplakia (9.8%) and erythroleukoplakia (3.4%). There was a significant association between the lesions and gender (p < 0.001). The female gender was the most affected in leukoplakias and erythroplakias. Caucasians were mostly affected in all conditions. As far as anatomical location is concerned, the alveolar ridge was the most prevalent site in oral leukoplakias (21%); the palate was the most affected in erythroplakia (47.4%) and erythroleukoplakia (57.1%). There was no significant difference among the lesions as to age (p > 0.05), although they were more frequent in the 5th, 6th and 7th decades of life. In most cases of erythroplakias and erythroleukoplakias, it was observed that clinical and morphological diagnoses were incompatible. There was a significant association between malignant transformation and lesions (p < 0.001) as the erythroplakia presented a malignization rate of 20%, whereas in leukoplakias the rate was 2.1%. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of potentially malignant oral lesions was similar to other findings in the medical literature, but with some differences in their epidemiological profile. It is important to highlight that these entities require further medical investigation, mainly erythroplakias, which showed high risk of malignization and the highest rate of clinical misdiagnosis.

Visando contribuir para um melhor entendimento do crescimento das lesões odontogênicas e do papel das metaloproteinases da matriz (MMPs) nesse processo, realizou-se uma análise da expressão imuno-histoquímica das MMPs -1, -2 e -9, em 15 cistos radiculares (CR), 10 cistos radiculares residuais (CRR), 10 cistos dentígeros (CD) e 10 ceratocistos odontogênicos (CO). Analisou-se, no epitélio e no mesênquima, a imunopositividade das lesões, atribuindo-se os escores: (-) ausência de marcação, (+) marcação focal e (++) marcação difusa. De uma maneira geral verificou-se, no limitante epitelial das lesões, expressão predominantemente difusa da MMP-1 (CRR: 100%, CD: 70%) e focal para 53% dos CRs e 60% dos COs. Ela variou de focal (CR: 60% e CO: 100%) a difusa (CRR: 60% e CD: 50%) para a MMP-2 e marcadamente focal para a MMP-9 (100% dos CR, CRR e CO e 60% dos CD). No mesênquima, detectou-se expressão destacadamente maior nos COs: 100% difusa para a MMP-1, enquanto a grande maioria de todos os cistos foi focal; a MMP-2 expressou-se com escore focal em 100% dos casos, contrastando-se a forte ausência de marcação nos outros cistos; para a MMP-9, 50% foram difusas e 50% focais, enquanto a maioria dos outros cistos não exibiu marcação. Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que o crescimento dos cistos odontogênicos pode ser influenciado pela secreção das MMPs. A expressão mais exuberante das MMPs no mesênquima dos COs confirma sua participação ativa no crescimento da lesão, o que pode justificar em parte sua maior agressividade em relação às outras lesões císticas.In an attempt to contribute to a better understanding about the growth of odontogenic lesions and the role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in this event, the immunoexpression of MMP-1, -2 and -9 was evaluated in 15 radicular cysts (RCs), 10 residual radicular cysts (RRCs), 10 dentigerous cysts (DCs) and 10 odontogenic keratocysts (OKs). To the analysis of epithelium and supporting mesenchyme, the following scores were utilized: negative (-), focal (+) and diffuse (++). Our results showed that the epithelial lining of the RRCs (100%) and DCs (70%) was diffuse to MMP-1, while to the RCs (53%) and OKs (60%) was predominantly focal. MMP-2 immunoscores ranged from focal in the lining of OKs (100%) and RCs (60%) to diffuse in RRCs (60%) and DCs (60%). With relation to MMP-9, the lining of all lesions was immunoexpressed focally (100% of RCs, RRCs and OKs and 60% of DCs). In relation to mesenchyme, the immunoexpression was higher in all OKs: the MMP-1 scores were diffuse (100%), while most of the other studied lesions were focal; all OKs focally immunoexpressed the MMP-2, what differed from the other cysts which did not express this MMP. To MMP-9, the mesenchyme of the OKs were immunoscored as focal (50%) and diffuse (50%), while most of other cysts had not shown staining. These results suggest that the growth of the odontogenic cysts may be influenced by the secreted MMPs. The most exuberant expression of the MMPs in mesenchyme of the OKs confirms its active participation in the growth, what may in part justify its bigger aggressiveness in comparison to other cystic lesions.

OBJETIVO: O presente trabalho teve por objetivo traçar o perfil das citoqueratinas (CKs) 7, 8, 10, 13, 14, 18 e 19 em ameloblastomas e tumor odontogênico adenomatóide (TOA) visando contribuir para o entendimento da histogênese desses tumores e somar com os resultados já relatados na literatura. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: do arquivo do Laboratório de Anatomia Patológica do Departamento de Odontologia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) foi selecionada uma amostra com dez casos de ameloblastomas e oito de TOA para o estudo imuno-histoquímico, utilizando-se anticorpos anti-CKs pelo método da estreptoavidina-biotina. RESULTADOS: Observou-se que nos ameloblastomas a CK 14 esteve presente em todos os casos, enquanto a CK 19 foi observada nas células periféricas (oito casos) e nas centrais (cinco casos). Para os TOA, observou-se imunopositividade para a CK 14 em todos os casos, enquanto a CK 19 esteve marcada predominantemente nas células ductais (seis casos). CONCLUSÃO: As citoqueratinas são expressas de forma variada nos ameloblastomas e nos TOA, os quais preservam CK típicas do germe dental em estágios avançados do desenvolvimento, confirmando sua origem exclusiva a partir do epitélio odontogênico e não se evidenciando CK características do epitélio escamoso.OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to describe the immunohistochemical expression of cytokeratins (CKs) 7, 8, 10,13, 14, 18 and 19 in the epithelial components of ameloblastomas and adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT). The results were compared and histogenesis discussed. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Specimens of ten ameloblastomas and eight adenomatoid odontogenic tumors were examined by immunohistochemistry using streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method and anti-CKs antibody. The sample was obtained from Department of Oral Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte. RESULTS: Immunohistochemical reactivity for CK14 was detected in all cases of ameloblastomas, and the expression of CK19 was diffusely present in peripheral cells (eight cases) and in central cells of five ameloblastomas. In AOTs, immunopositivity for CK14 was detected in all cases, whereas CK 19 was predominantly expressed in ductal cells (six cases). CONCLUSION: The CKs was expressed by several forms in ameloblastomas and AOTs, that have shown typical CKs of dental germ suggesting that these tumors have odontogenic epitheilial differentiation, whereas it has not evinced proper CKs of squamous epithelial.

ABSTRACT Objective To determine the incidence of potentially malignant oral lesions, and evaluate and correlate their clinical and pathological aspects. Methods The sample consisted of cases clinically diagnosed as oral leukoplakia, oral erythroplakia, erythroleukoplakia, actinic cheilitis, and oral lichen planus treated at a diagnostic center, between May 2012 and July 2013. Statistical tests were conducted adopting a significance level of 5% (p≤0.05). Results Out of 340 patients, 106 (31.2%) had potentially malignant oral lesions; and 61 of these (17.9%) were submitted to biopsy. Actinic cheilitis was the most frequent lesion (37.5%) and the lower lip was the most affected site (49.6%). Among 106 patients in the sample, 48 (45.3%) reported nicotine consumption, 35 (33%) reported alcohol intake and 34 (32.1%) sun exposure while working. When clinical and histopathological diagnoses were compared, oral erythroplakia and atypical ulcer were the lesions that exhibited greater compatibility (100% each). Conclusion In most cases, clinical and histopathological diagnoses were compatible. An association between the occurrence of erythroplakia, leukoplakia and erythroleukoplakia with smoking was observed. Similarly, an association between actinic cheilitis and sun exposure was noted. Erythroleukoplakia presented the highest malignancy grade in this study. Finally, dental surgeons should draw special attention to diagnosis of potentially malignant oral lesions, choose the best management, and control the lesions to avoid their malignant transformation.

Resumo O angioleiomioma é uma neoplasia benigna que, a partir da nova classificação da OMS (2013) para os tumores de tecidos moles, deixou de ser considerado um tumor de origem muscular lisa, passando a ser considerado um tumor de origem perivascular. Raramente os angioleiomiomas ocorrem na cavidade oral. A lesão é tratada cirurgicamente, com prognóstico considerado favorável. Este trabalho revisa os casos de angioleiomioma oral relatados na literatura nos últimos 5 anos e descreve esse tumor em um homem de 44 anos que apresentou um nódulo assintomático localizado em lábio superior, com evolução de 6 meses. As hipóteses diagnósticas foram de adenoma pleomórfico e adenoma canalicular. A lesão foi submetida à biópsia e análise histopatológica e imuno-histoquímica (S100, CD34, α-SMA, H-caldesmon e desmina) confirmaram o diagnóstico de angioleiomioma. Destacamos a imuno-histoquímica como um importante método auxiliar no diagnóstico diferencial do angioleiomioma com outras lesões e, principalmente, com o miopericitoma.

OBJETIVO: Analisar a prevalência de lesões labiais decorrentes da exposição solar e potenciais associações em trabalhadores de praia. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com 362 trabalhadores de cinco praias urbanas em Natal, RN, de agosto a dezembro de 2010. Os participantes responderam um questionário validado com dados pessoais, de ocupação e de saúde e passaram por exame clínico dos lábios feito por pesquisadores calibrados. As possíveis associações das variáveis sociodemográficas, ocupacionais e de saúde geral com a presença de lesões labiais foram avaliadas pelo teste do qui-quadrado para um nível de significância de 5%. A análise multivariada foi feita utilizando-se a regressão robusta de Poisson. RESULTADOS: Dos trabalhadores examinados, 27,1% apresentavam lesões labiais. Desses, 76,8% eram do sexo masculino; 61,6% tinham pele morena ou negra; 94,5% trabalhavam informalmente; e 85,4% trabalhavam expostos ao sol. A maioria (81,1%) relatou uso de algum tipo de fotoproteção: protetor solar (38,7%); protetor labial (15,3%); boné/chapéu (72,4%). Aproximadamente 28% eram fumantes e 48% consumiam álcool regularmente. A fotoproteção com uso de boné/chapéu foi associada à presença de lesões labiais decorrentes da exposição solar. CONCLUSÕES: Observou-se alta prevalência de lesões labiais nos indivíduos expostos ao sol, a qual foi associada ao uso de boné/chapéu como forma de fotoproteção.

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the clinical-pathological profile of patients with minor salivary gland neoplasms. Methods A retrospective study of specific cases diagnosed as benign and malignant tumors of the minor salivary glands was performed. The data were collected from medical records of patients seen at a hospital over a period of 15 years. The sample was made up of 37 cases. For the pathological study, slides containing 5μm thick sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin were used. The data were tabulated using descriptive statistics. Results Malignant neoplasms represented 70.3% of cases. The mucoepidermoid carcinoma was the most common neoplasm (45.9%), followed by pleomorphic adenoma (24.4%). Most patients were female (70.3%), aged between 71 and 80 years. The palate (67.6%) and the retromolar region (10.8%) were the most affected sites. Conclusion Mucoepidermoid carcinoma was the most common tumor in minor salivary glands. These tumors are more common in females aged over 40 years. The palate was the most common affected site.