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Many state transportation agencies are faced with making pavement rehabilitation decisions for roadways annually. Their design choices affect the future performance and maintenance cost of those pavements. This study determines if it is cost-effective to perform a field investigation (e.g., FWD, coring) for non-interstate routes to identify pavement structural and functional characteristics at the design stage and whether this information can aid in determining the most appropriate design for rehabilitation. To this end, field investigations are performed on 16 actual roadways (non-interstate routes) in the state of South Carolina prior to their rehabilitation, and an analysis was performed to compare the life-cycle cost between rehabilitation designs with and without field investigations. The results indicate that (1) the rehabilitation design with field investigation tends to produce a pavement that has the necessary depth and made up of higher strength materials that bring the pavement’s SN closer to the required value, (2) the rehabilitation design with field investigation defers the maintenance cycles, and (3) performing field investigation is cost-effective, particularly for those pavements that do not need maintenance treatments until their present serviceability index falls to a 2.

Le terroir peut être envisagé du point de vue de l’identité et de l’enracinement. L’ancrage territorial des vignerons est une forme de résistance au sein d’une appellation Bandol fortement menacée par la progression de l’urbanisation. Grâce à l’importance de leur patrimoine foncier, les acteurs du vignoble peuvent non seulement protéger plus efficacement leur territoire de production, mais aussi peser sur l’économie locale résidentielle et touristique. La faiblesse des investissements non locaux étonne dans un vignoble de Bandol entièrement intégré dans l’agglomération de Toulon. Cet ancrage dans le terroir peut-être considéré comme un maintien vivace de la ruralité au cœur même de l’arc latin métropolisé. Terroirs can be examined from the point of view of deeply-rooted identity. In the case of the Bandol designation, which is highly threatened by the advance of urbanization, such territorial rooting is a kind of resistance for the wine-growers. Thus the vineyard actors, thanks to the magnitude of their ownership of the land, can not only better protect their productive territories, but, also, influence the local economy –notably in both residential and touristic areas. The low level of non-local investments would otherwise look surprising, since the Bandol vineyard is entirely included within the town of Toulon. Such permanence for a terroir can be considered as a deep-rooted preservation of rural areas, in the very heart of the Latin Urbanized Arc. El “terroir” o región en su sentido identificable como lugar de producción se puede entender desde el punto de vista de la identidad o del arraigo. El arraigo territorial de los viñedos es una forma de resistencia en el seno de una denominación de origen “Bandol” muy amenazada por la progresión de la urbanización. Gracias a la importancia de su patrimonio territorial los actores del viñedo pueden no solamente proteger con mayor eficacia la zona de producción, sino ejercer cierto peso sobre la economía local residencial y turística. Sorprenden las escasas inversiones exógenas en un viñedo de Bandol plenamente integrado en la aglomeración de Toulon. Este arraigo territorial se puede considerar como viva manera de conservar la ruralidad en pleno corazón del arco latino metropolizado.

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International audience; An extensive field experiment, CAMCATT-AI4GEO, was conducted over 15 days in June 2021 over Toulouse, to acquire an urban reference dataset combining airborne acquisitions and ground measurements. This presentation aims at introducing the objectives of the campaign and describing the collected data to validate the future TRISHNA products: bottom of atmosphere radiance, land surface temperature (LST) and emissivity (LSE), air temperature, microclimatic models, and comfort index.This experiment includes a large variety of acquisitions. Joint airborne multispectral thermal infrared and VISNIR-SWIR hyperspectral images were acquired along a 30 km transect centred over Toulouse. A second flight was devoted to calibrating these sensors with on-ground reference targets. During and between the flights, two cars acquired air temperature and relative humidity along predefined itineraries across the city withsensors mounted on their roof. During the airborne acquisitions, land surface temperature measurements were performed in three locations in Toulouse for calibration purposes. They were completed outside the flight by spectral optical properties in the VISNIR-SWIR and thermal infrared domains over a large range of manmade and natural materials. A specific in-lab session was dedicated to the intercalibration of the on-ground thermal sensors. Atmosphere composition data were monitored using radio-soundings during the airborne acquisitions and completed with continuous measurements from on-ground stations. Finally, the last session was devoted to the validation of a thermo-radiative model. For this purpose, surface temperature sensors were installed at different locations of building walls supplemented by a thermal infrared images acquisition for one of the facades in order to continuously monitor its temperature during the 15 days of the experiment. The air temperature wasalso measured at different positions in the district (under trees, in flats, etc).

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