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Sclerotium rolfsii is a fungus that causes stem rot disease in peanuts which causes losses of up to 59%. One technique of controlling the S. rolfsii is using a botanical fungicide, such as ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) rhizome extract. This study aimed to determine the proper concentration of ginger rhizome extract to control S.rolfsii, the causes of stem rot, and damping-off diseases in peanut in-vitro. This study used a completely randomized design with five treatments and five replications. The treatments were arranged in the concentration of 0, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10% by in-vitro. The data were analyzed using ANOVA, followed by an LSD of 5%. The results showed that ginger rhizome extract could suppress the growth of S. rolfsii, which causes stem rot disease in peanut plants. Ginger rhizome extract reduced the thickness of the colonies, suppressed colony expansion, reduced the wet and dry weight of the colonies, slowed the appearance of Sclerotia, and reduced the number of Sclerotia formed. The higher concentration, the higher the emphasis on S. rolfsii. Ginger rhizome extract at a concentration of 10% can inhibit colony growth by 81.63%, inhibit the formation of sclerotia by 100%, reduce the wet weight of the colony to 66.88% and the dry weight of the colony to 44.11% and inhibit the formation of Sclerotia reaching 100%.

Meloidogyne spp. is one of the nematodes that cause root-knot on tomato plants. The botanical nematicide that potentially suppresses the nematode is castor bean leaves (Ricinus communis Linnaeus) extract. This research aimed to get the lethal concentration (LC50 and LC95) of castor bean leaves extract against nematode larvae in-vitro and their effect on the development of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) in-planta on tomato plant. The research was carried out in Plant Pest and Disease Laboratory and Greenhouse of Agriculture Faculty, Universitas Andalas, using a completely randomized design (CRD) with two stages; in-vitro and in-planta. The research was used the experiment method in-vitro testing consists of six treatments and five replications, and in-planta testing consists of three treatments and nine replications. The result showed that the application of castor bean leaves extracts invitro can suppress Meloidogyne spp. larvae with LC50 by 0,27% and LC95 by 0,87%. The application of castor bean leaves extract in-planta with treatment concentration 2xLC95 (1,74%) showed effectiveness by 74,69% against the developments of Meloidogyne spp. on tomato plant roots.

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendapatkan air rebusan kulit jeruk yang efektif dalam menekan pertumbuhan patogen Colletotrichum gloeosporioides penz. & Sacc. penyebab penyakit antraknosa pada tanaman buah naga (Hycoleceurus polyrhizus, L.) secara in vitro. Hasil penelitian diharapkan dapat membantu petani dalam mengendalikan penyakit antraknosa pada tanaman buah naga, serta mampu mempertahankan kualitas dan kuantitas dalam memproduksi buah naga. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di laboratorium Fitopatologi Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Andalas dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap, 6 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Perlakuannya adalah air rebusan dari beberapa kulit jenis jeruk dengan konsentrasi 5 g/100 ml, diantaranya: A = Tanpa perlakuan (kontrol); B = Kulit jeruk purut (Citrus histrix DC); C = Kulit jeruk manis (Citrus sinensis L.); D = Kulit jeruk nipis (Citrus aurantifolia); E = Kulit jeruk kasturi(Citrus madurensis Lour.) ; F = Pestisida berbahan aktif (tebukonazol, dengan dosis anjuran 2 g/100 ml, sebagai pembanding). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara sidik ragam (uji F) dan jika berbeda nyata dilanjutkan dengan (Least Significance Different) LSD pada taraf nyata 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari perlakuan beberapa kulit jeruk dapat menekan pertumbuhan jamur C. gloeosporioides in vitro. Perlakuan air rebusan kulit jeruk manis adalah yang paling baik dengan efektivitas penekanan: luas koloni 76,86%, jumlah konidia 94,58%, dan daya perkecambahan konidia 38,18%. Namun efektivitasnya masih rendah jika dibandingkan dengan penggunaan pestisida berbahan aktif tebukonazol lebih efektif 100%.

Wereng batang coklat atau WBC (Nilaparvata lugens Stal.) merupakan salah satu hama utama pada tanaman padi yang dapat menyebabkan kerusakan dalam waktu relatif singkat. Serangan hama ini mulai mengemuka di Sumatera Barat sejak tahun 2009-2017. Insektisida berbahan aktif buprofezin adalah salah satu insektisida yang banyak digunakan untuk mengendalikan populasi WBC. Pelatihan cara menakar dan aplikasi buprofezin ini telah dilaksanakan di Keltan Rambutan Kelurahan Bungus Barat dan Keltan Sakato Kelurahan Lambung Bukit, Kota Padang. Tujuannya adalah untuk memperlihatkan kepada petani kemampuan insektisida berbahan aktif buprofezin selama 1 jam terhadap 10 ekor WBC yang disediakan. Perlakuannya berupa aplikasi buprofezin pada dosis tertentu (½ dosis anjuran, dosis anjuran, 1½ dosis anjuran), masing-masing dalam 5 ulangan. WBC yang digunakan merupakan populasi lapangan dari lahan persawahan Kecamatan Pauh. Hasil pengujian di Keltan Rambutan menunjukkan bahwa insektisida sesuai dosis anjuran mematikan 20% WBC, dan di Keltan Sakato mematikan 24% WBC, dosis anjuran mematikan 26% WBC dalam satu jam. Dosis anjuran Buprofezin memang tidak ditujukan untuk mematikan 100 % wereng uji, namun lebih kepada dampaknya terhadap penghambatan ganti kulit 2-3 hari kemudian.

Cabai merah merupakan sumber pendapatan utama bagi petani di daerah Tanah Datar. Masalah utama yang selalu dihadapi oleh petani cabai di daerah ini adalah serangan hama dan penyakit yang dapat menyebabkan kehilangan hasil yang cukup tinggi. Hingga saat ini, pengendalian hama dan penyakit sayuran masih mengandalkan pestisida sintetik yang telah menimbulkan dampak negatif. Untuk itu, perlu dicari alternatif pengendalian yang dapat mengurangi dampak negatif pestisida tersebut, yaitu menggunakan agens hayati seperti cendawan Beauveria bassiana dan Trichoderma sp.Tujuan dari kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah untuk memperkenalkan dan memasyarakatkan pengendalian hama dan penyakit menggunakan agens hayati Beauveria bassiana dan Trichoderma sp. Metode kegiatan pengabdian adalah penyuluhan, pelatihan dan praktek lapangan. Minat petani untuk menggunakan agens hayati terutama Beauveria bassiana dan Trichoderma cukup tinggi dan telah memotivasi mereka untuk mengurangi penggunaan pestisida sintetis. Petani juga telah berhasil memperbanyak agens hayati dan membuat kompos limbah pertanian menggunakan Trichoderma.

Fusarium wilt diseases caused by Fusarium oxysporum f sp cubense (Foc) is the most important diseases on banana in the world. Once Foc is present in the soil, it cannot be eliminated. The aim of research was to evaluate the potential of Pseudomonad fluorescens indigenous to control Fusarium wilt in planta. This experiment was arranged by completely randomized design with 17 treatments and 10 replications. Sixteen isolates of P. fluorescens indigenous had been successly taken from several different cultivars of banana rhizospheres at endemic area of Fusarium wilt in the centre of banana production in West Sumatra that were introduced to banana seedlings cv Cavendish inoculated with Foc. The variable observed were incubation period, percentage of leaf infection, discoloration of pseudostem and the intensity of damaged corms. The result showed that The PfCvP1 isolate (from rhizosphere of Cavendish at low altitude area) was the most effective to inhibit the development of Fusarium wilt: 97.89 % (prolong incubation period), 67.26 % (reduced infected leaves), 63.63 % (reduced damaged corm), and 72.62 % (reduced disclorotion of pseudostem) and increased plant growth.

The boiled water of Leaves and inflorescences of spiked pepper (Piper aduncum) is one alternative to control the pathogen of anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) in chili. The purpose of this study was to determine the activity of leaves and inflorescences of spiked pepper from different locations in suppressing the growth of C. gloeosporioides in vitro. The research was carried out in Phytopathology Laboratory of Pests and Plant Diseases Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Andalas from March to May 2017. The study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 5 replications. Data from observations were analyzed by ANOVA and LSD at the level of 5%. The parameters observed were the growth of fungal colony area, wet and dry weight, number of conidia/ml of suspension and conidia germination. The results showed that the application of leaves and inflorescences of spiked pepper from different locations could suppress the growth of C. gloeosporioides in chili in vitro. Boiled water of inflorescences of spiked pepper from Bukit Lampu - Bungus - Padang City became the best treatment because it had the highest ability in suppressing C. gloeosporioides colony area with an effective suppression of 73.5% and reducing the highest germination capacity with an effective suppression of 23.28%. Its ability to reduce wet and dry weight were not different from inflorescences boiled water from Limau Manis, then the ability to suppress the number of conidia was not significantly different from leaves and inflorescences boiled water from Bukit Lampu and Limau Manis.

Fusarium fujikuroi is the cause of bakanae disease in rice plants. Level of bakanae disease attack on some rice cultivation land in West Sumatra, especially in Padang Pariaman district is quite high. One effort to suppress the development of F. fujikuroi is by planting resistant varieties. In this study, 15 rice varieties originating Sumatera Barat were used to be tested for their response to F. fujikuroi attack. The purpose of this study was to obtain the varieties with the low attack rate of F. fujikuroi. Parameters observed were number of dead seeds, number of dead seedlings, number of stunted seedlings, number of seeds showing symptoms of Bakanae and total infected seeds. The results of the study indicated that symptoms of F. fujikuroi attack varied which were dead seeds, stunting seedlings, dead seedslings and bakanae. The response of rice varieties to F. fujikuroi attack was different with characterized by different levels of infection rates. Low infection rates were found in Pessel varieties (2.0%), Batang sahalai (15.5%), Cisokan (17.0%), and Batang Lembang (20%). Other varieties showed a high percentage of F. fujikuroi attacks ranging from 20% to 54.5%.

Plant extracts have been known to cause inhibit the growth of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides.This study was aimed to determine the most potential part of Cassia alata crude extract to control antrachnose on chili. The study was conducted in Phytopathology Laboratory, Plant Pests and Diseases Department, Agriculture Faculty, Andalas University, from April to June 2015. The research used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with seven treatments and five replications. The treatments were several extracts from different parts of C. Alata: 1) control 2) flower, 3) old leaf, 4) young leaf, 5) stem, 6) root, and 7) seed with concentration of 5% respectively. Variables observed were colony growth, colony width, conidia number, colony wet and dry weight, and conidia germination. The result showed that all of C. alata extracts could inhibit the growth of C. gloeosporioides in vitro. The best extract was from the old leaf with the percentage of colony width, conidia number, colony wet and dry weight, and conidia germination of 64,30%, 82,41%, 37,77, 29,8%, and 79,96% respectively.