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2. Annual (2023) taxonomic update of RNA-directed RNA polymerase-encoding negative-sense RNA viruses (realm Riboviria: kingdom Orthornavirae: phylum Negarnaviricota)

Author

Kuhn, J, Abe, J, Adkins, S, Alkhovsky, S, Avsic-Zupanc, T, Ayllon, M, Bahl, J, Balkema-Buschmann, A, Ballinger, M, Baranwal, V, Beer, M, Bejerman, N, Bergeron, E, Biedenkopf, N, Blair, C, Blasdell, K, Blouin, A, Bradfute, S, Briese, T, Brown, P, Buchholz, U, Buchmeier, M, Bukreyev, A, Burt, F, Buttner, C, Calisher, C, Cao, M, Casas, I, Chandran, K, Charrel, R, Chaturvedi, K, Chooi, K, Crane, A, Bo, E, de la Torre, J, de Souza, W, de Swart, R, Debat, H, Dheilly, N, Di Paola, N, Di Serio, F, Dietzgen, R, Digiaro, M, Drexler, J, Duprex, W, Durrwald, R, Easton, A, Elbeaino, T, Ergunay, K, Feng, G, Firth, A, Fooks, A, Formenty, P, Freitas-Astua, J, Gago-Zachert, S, Garcia, M, Garcia-Sastre, A, Garrison, A, Gaskin, T, Gong, W, Gonzalez, J, de Bellocq, J, Griffiths, A, Groschup, M, Gunther, I, Gunther, S, Hammond, J, Hasegawa, Y, Hayashi, K, Hepojoki, J, Higgins, C, Hongo, S, Horie, M, Hughes, H, Hume, A, Hyndman, T, Ikeda, K, Jiang, D, Jonson, G, Junglen, S, Klempa, B, Klingstrom, J, Kondo, H, Koonin, E, Krupovic, M, Kubota, K, Kurath, G, Laenen, L, Lambert, A, Li, J, Liu, R, Lukashevich, I, Macdiarmid, R, Maes, P, Marklewitz, M, Marshall, S, Marzano, S, Mccauley, J, Mirazimi, A, Muhlberger, E, Nabeshima, T, Naidu, R, Natsuaki, T, Navarro, B, Navarro, J, Neriya, Y, Netesov, S, Neumann, G, Nowotny, N, Nunes, M, Ochoa-Corona, F, Okada, T, Palacios, G, Pallas, V, Papa, A, Paraskevopoulou, S, Parrish, C, Pauvolid-Correa, A, Paweska, J, Perez, D, Pfaff, F, Plemper, R, Postler, T, Rabbidge, L, Radoshitzky, S, Ramos-Gonzalez, P, Rehanek, M, Resende, R, Reyes, C, Rodrigues, T, Romanowski, V, Rubbenstroth, D, Rubino, L, Runstadler, J, Sabanadzovic, S, Sadiq, S, Salvato, M, Sasaya, T, Schwemmle, M, Sharpe, S, Shi, M, Shimomoto, Y, Sidharthan, V, Sironi, M, Smither, S, Song, J, Spann, K, Spengler, J, Stenglein, M, Takada, A, Takeyama, S, Tatara, A, Tesh, R, Thornburg, N, Tian, X, Tischler, N, Tomitaka, Y, Tomonaga, K, Tordo, N, Tu, C, Turina, M, Tzanetakis, I, Vaira, A, van den Hoogen, B, Vanmechelen, B, Vasilakis, N, Verbeek, M, von Bargen, S, Wada, J, Wahl, V, Walker, P, Waltzek, T, Whitfield, A, Wolf, Y, Xia, H, Xylogianni, E, Yanagisawa, H, Yano, K, Ye, G, Yuan, Z, Zerbini, F, Zhang, G, Zhang, S, Zhang, Y, Zhao, L, Okland, A, Kuhn J. H., Abe J., Adkins S., Alkhovsky S. V., Avsic-Zupanc T., Ayllon M. A., Bahl J., Balkema-Buschmann A., Ballinger M. J., Baranwal V. K., Beer M., Bejerman N., Bergeron E., Biedenkopf N., Blair C. D., Blasdell K. R., Blouin A. G., Bradfute S. B., Briese T., Brown P. A., Buchholz U. J., Buchmeier M. J., Bukreyev A., Burt F., Buttner C., Calisher C. H., Cao M., Casas I., Chandran K., Charrel R. N., Chaturvedi K. K., Chooi K. M., Crane A., Bo E. D., de la Torre J. C., de Souza W. M., de Swart R. L., Debat H., Dheilly N. M., Di Paola N., Di Serio F., Dietzgen R. G., Digiaro M., Drexler J. F., Duprex W. P., Durrwald R., Easton A. J., Elbeaino T., Ergunay K., Feng G., Firth A. E., Fooks A. R., Formenty P. B. H., Freitas-Astua J., Gago-Zachert S., Garcia M. L., Garcia-Sastre A., Garrison A. R., Gaskin T. R., Gong W., Gonzalez J. -P. J., de Bellocq J., Griffiths A., Groschup M. H., Gunther I., Gunther S., Hammond J., Hasegawa Y., Hayashi K., Hepojoki J., Higgins C. M., Hongo S., Horie M., Hughes H. R., Hume A. J., Hyndman T. H., Ikeda K., Jiang D., Jonson G. B., Junglen S., Klempa B., Klingstrom J., Kondo H., Koonin E. V., Krupovic M., Kubota K., Kurath G., Laenen L., Lambert A. J., Li J., Li J. -M., Liu R., Lukashevich I. S., MacDiarmid R. M., Maes P., Marklewitz M., Marshall S. H., Marzano S. -Y. L., McCauley J. W., Mirazimi A., Muhlberger E., Nabeshima T., Naidu R., Natsuaki T., Navarro B., Navarro J. A., Neriya Y., Netesov S. V., Neumann G., Nowotny N., Nunes M. R. T., Ochoa-Corona F. M., Okada T., Palacios G., Pallas V., Papa A., Paraskevopoulou S., Parrish C. R., Pauvolid-Correa A., Paweska J. T., Perez D. R., Pfaff F., Plemper R. K., Postler T. S., Rabbidge L. O., Radoshitzky S. R., Ramos-Gonzalez P. L., Rehanek M., Resende R. O., Reyes C. A., Rodrigues T. C. S., Romanowski V., Rubbenstroth D., Rubino L., Runstadler J. A., Sabanadzovic S., Sadiq S., Salvato M. S., Sasaya T., Schwemmle M., Sharpe S. R., Shi M., Shimomoto Y., Sidharthan V. K., Sironi M., Smither S., Song J. -W., Spann K. M., Spengler J. R., Stenglein M. D., Takada A., Takeyama S., Tatara A., Tesh R. B., Thornburg N. J., Tian X., Tischler N. D., Tomitaka Y., Tomonaga K., Tordo N., Tu C., Turina M., Tzanetakis I. E., Vaira A. M., van den Hoogen B., Vanmechelen B., Vasilakis N., Verbeek M., von Bargen S., Wada J., Wahl V., Walker P. J., Waltzek T. B., Whitfield A. E., Wolf Y. I., Xia H., Xylogianni E., Yanagisawa H., Yano K., Ye G., Yuan Z., Zerbini F. M., Zhang G., Zhang S., Zhang Y. -Z., Zhao L., Okland A. L., Kuhn, J, Abe, J, Adkins, S, Alkhovsky, S, Avsic-Zupanc, T, Ayllon, M, Bahl, J, Balkema-Buschmann, A, Ballinger, M, Baranwal, V, Beer, M, Bejerman, N, Bergeron, E, Biedenkopf, N, Blair, C, Blasdell, K, Blouin, A, Bradfute, S, Briese, T, Brown, P, Buchholz, U, Buchmeier, M, Bukreyev, A, Burt, F, Buttner, C, Calisher, C, Cao, M, Casas, I, Chandran, K, Charrel, R, Chaturvedi, K, Chooi, K, Crane, A, Bo, E, de la Torre, J, de Souza, W, de Swart, R, Debat, H, Dheilly, N, Di Paola, N, Di Serio, F, Dietzgen, R, Digiaro, M, Drexler, J, Duprex, W, Durrwald, R, Easton, A, Elbeaino, T, Ergunay, K, Feng, G, Firth, A, Fooks, A, Formenty, P, Freitas-Astua, J, Gago-Zachert, S, Garcia, M, Garcia-Sastre, A, Garrison, A, Gaskin, T, Gong, W, Gonzalez, J, de Bellocq, J, Griffiths, A, Groschup, M, Gunther, I, Gunther, S, Hammond, J, Hasegawa, Y, Hayashi, K, Hepojoki, J, Higgins, C, Hongo, S, Horie, M, Hughes, H, Hume, A, Hyndman, T, Ikeda, K, Jiang, D, Jonson, G, Junglen, S, Klempa, B, Klingstrom, J, Kondo, H, Koonin, E, Krupovic, M, Kubota, K, Kurath, G, Laenen, L, Lambert, A, Li, J, Liu, R, Lukashevich, I, Macdiarmid, R, Maes, P, Marklewitz, M, Marshall, S, Marzano, S, Mccauley, J, Mirazimi, A, Muhlberger, E, Nabeshima, T, Naidu, R, Natsuaki, T, Navarro, B, Navarro, J, Neriya, Y, Netesov, S, Neumann, G, Nowotny, N, Nunes, M, Ochoa-Corona, F, Okada, T, Palacios, G, Pallas, V, Papa, A, Paraskevopoulou, S, Parrish, C, Pauvolid-Correa, A, Paweska, J, Perez, D, Pfaff, F, Plemper, R, Postler, T, Rabbidge, L, Radoshitzky, S, Ramos-Gonzalez, P, Rehanek, M, Resende, R, Reyes, C, Rodrigues, T, Romanowski, V, Rubbenstroth, D, Rubino, L, Runstadler, J, Sabanadzovic, S, Sadiq, S, Salvato, M, Sasaya, T, Schwemmle, M, Sharpe, S, Shi, M, Shimomoto, Y, Sidharthan, V, Sironi, M, Smither, S, Song, J, Spann, K, Spengler, J, Stenglein, M, Takada, A, Takeyama, S, Tatara, A, Tesh, R, Thornburg, N, Tian, X, Tischler, N, Tomitaka, Y, Tomonaga, K, Tordo, N, Tu, C, Turina, M, Tzanetakis, I, Vaira, A, van den Hoogen, B, Vanmechelen, B, Vasilakis, N, Verbeek, M, von Bargen, S, Wada, J, Wahl, V, Walker, P, Waltzek, T, Whitfield, A, Wolf, Y, Xia, H, Xylogianni, E, Yanagisawa, H, Yano, K, Ye, G, Yuan, Z, Zerbini, F, Zhang, G, Zhang, S, Zhang, Y, Zhao, L, Okland, A, Kuhn J. H., Abe J., Adkins S., Alkhovsky S. V., Avsic-Zupanc T., Ayllon M. A., Bahl J., Balkema-Buschmann A., Ballinger M. J., Baranwal V. K., Beer M., Bejerman N., Bergeron E., Biedenkopf N., Blair C. D., Blasdell K. R., Blouin A. G., Bradfute S. B., Briese T., Brown P. A., Buchholz U. J., Buchmeier M. J., Bukreyev A., Burt F., Buttner C., Calisher C. H., Cao M., Casas I., Chandran K., Charrel R. N., Chaturvedi K. K., Chooi K. M., Crane A., Bo E. D., de la Torre J. C., de Souza W. M., de Swart R. L., Debat H., Dheilly N. M., Di Paola N., Di Serio F., Dietzgen R. G., Digiaro M., Drexler J. F., Duprex W. P., Durrwald R., Easton A. J., Elbeaino T., Ergunay K., Feng G., Firth A. E., Fooks A. R., Formenty P. B. H., Freitas-Astua J., Gago-Zachert S., Garcia M. L., Garcia-Sastre A., Garrison A. R., Gaskin T. R., Gong W., Gonzalez J. -P. J., de Bellocq J., Griffiths A., Groschup M. H., Gunther I., Gunther S., Hammond J., Hasegawa Y., Hayashi K., Hepojoki J., Higgins C. M., Hongo S., Horie M., Hughes H. R., Hume A. J., Hyndman T. H., Ikeda K., Jiang D., Jonson G. B., Junglen S., Klempa B., Klingstrom J., Kondo H., Koonin E. V., Krupovic M., Kubota K., Kurath G., Laenen L., Lambert A. J., Li J., Li J. -M., Liu R., Lukashevich I. S., MacDiarmid R. M., Maes P., Marklewitz M., Marshall S. H., Marzano S. -Y. L., McCauley J. W., Mirazimi A., Muhlberger E., Nabeshima T., Naidu R., Natsuaki T., Navarro B., Navarro J. A., Neriya Y., Netesov S. V., Neumann G., Nowotny N., Nunes M. R. T., Ochoa-Corona F. M., Okada T., Palacios G., Pallas V., Papa A., Paraskevopoulou S., Parrish C. R., Pauvolid-Correa A., Paweska J. T., Perez D. R., Pfaff F., Plemper R. K., Postler T. S., Rabbidge L. O., Radoshitzky S. R., Ramos-Gonzalez P. L., Rehanek M., Resende R. O., Reyes C. A., Rodrigues T. C. S., Romanowski V., Rubbenstroth D., Rubino L., Runstadler J. A., Sabanadzovic S., Sadiq S., Salvato M. S., Sasaya T., Schwemmle M., Sharpe S. R., Shi M., Shimomoto Y., Sidharthan V. K., Sironi M., Smither S., Song J. -W., Spann K. M., Spengler J. R., Stenglein M. D., Takada A., Takeyama S., Tatara A., Tesh R. B., Thornburg N. J., Tian X., Tischler N. D., Tomitaka Y., Tomonaga K., Tordo N., Tu C., Turina M., Tzanetakis I. E., Vaira A. M., van den Hoogen B., Vanmechelen B., Vasilakis N., Verbeek M., von Bargen S., Wada J., Wahl V., Walker P. J., Waltzek T. B., Whitfield A. E., Wolf Y. I., Xia H., Xylogianni E., Yanagisawa H., Yano K., Ye G., Yuan Z., Zerbini F. M., Zhang G., Zhang S., Zhang Y. -Z., Zhao L., and Okland A. L.

Abstract

In April 2023, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote on newly proposed taxa, the phylum Negarnaviricota was amended and emended. The phylum was expanded by one new family, 14 new genera, and 140 new species. Two genera and 538 species were renamed. One species was moved, and four were abolished. This article presents the updated taxonomy of Negarnaviricota as now accepted by the ICTV

Published
2023

4. 2021 Taxonomic update of phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales

Author

Kuhn, J, Adkins, S, Agwanda, B, Al Kubrusli, R, Alkhovsky, S, Amarasinghe, G, Avsic-Zupanc, T, Ayllon, M, Bahl, J, Balkema-Buschmann, A, Ballinger, M, Basler, C, Bavari, S, Beer, M, Bejerman, N, Bennett, A, Bente, D, Bergeron, E, Bird, B, Blair, C, Blasdell, K, Blystad, D, Bojko, J, Borth, W, Bradfute, S, Breyta, R, Briese, T, Brown, P, Brown, J, Buchholz, U, Buchmeier, M, Bukreyev, A, Burt, F, Buttner, C, Calisher, C, Cao, M, Casas, I, Chandran, K, Charrel, R, Cheng, Q, Chiaki, Y, Chiapello, M, Choi, I, Ciuffo, M, Clegg, J, Crozier, I, Dal Bo, E, de la Torre, J, de Lamballerie, X, de Swart, R, Debat, H, Dheilly, N, Di Cicco, E, Di Paola, N, Di Serio, F, Dietzgen, R, Digiaro, M, Dolnik, O, Drebot, M, Drexler, J, Dundon, W, Duprex, W, Durrwald, R, Dye, J, Easton, A, Ebihara, H, Elbeaino, T, Ergunay, K, Ferguson, H, Fooks, A, Forgia, M, Formenty, P, Franova, J, Freitas-Astua, J, Fu, J, Furl, S, Gago-Zachert, S, Gao, G, Garcia, M, Garcia-Sastre, A, Garrison, A, Gaskin, T, Gonzalez, J, Griffiths, A, Goldberg, T, Groschup, M, Gunther, S, Hall, R, Hammond, J, Han, T, Hepojoki, J, Hewson, R, Hong, J, Hong, N, Hongo, S, Horie, M, Hu, J, Hu, T, Hughes, H, Huttner, F, Hyndman, T, Ilyas, M, Jalkanen, R, Jiang, D, Jonson, G, Junglen, S, Kadono, F, Kaukinen, K, Kawate, M, Klempa, B, Klingstrom, J, Kobinger, G, Koloniuk, I, Kondo, H, Koonin, E, Krupovic, M, Kubota, K, Kurath, G, Laenen, L, Lambert, A, Langevin, S, Lee, B, Lefkowitz, E, Leroy, E, Li, S, Li, L, Li, J, Liu, H, Lukashevich, I, Maes, P, de Souza, W, Marklewitz, M, Marshall, S, Marzano, S, Massart, S, Mccauley, J, Melzer, M, Mielke-Ehret, N, Miller, K, Ming, T, Mirazimi, A, Mordecai, G, Muhlbach, H, Muhlberger, E, Naidu, R, Natsuaki, T, Navarro, J, Netesov, S, Neumann, G, Nowotny, N, Nunes, M, Olmedo-Velarde, A, Palacios, G, Pallas, V, Palyi, B, Papa, A, Paraskevopoulou, S, Park, A, Parrish, C, Patterson, D, Pauvolid-Correa, A, Paweska, J, Payne, S, Peracchio, C, Perez, D, Postler, T, Qi, L, Radoshitzky, S, Resende, R, Reyes, C, Rima, B, Luna, G, Romanowski, V, Rota, P, Rubbenstroth, D, Rubino, L, Runstadler, J, Sabanadzovic, S, Sall, A, Salvato, M, Sang, R, Sasaya, T, Schulze, A, Schwemmle, M, Shi, M, Shi, X, Shi, Z, Shimomoto, Y, Shirako, Y, Siddell, S, Simmonds, P, Sironi, M, Smagghe, G, Smither, S, Song, J, Spann, K, Spengler, J, Stenglein, M, Stone, D, Sugano, J, Suttle, C, Tabata, A, Takada, A, Takeuchi, S, Tchouassi, D, Teffer, A, Tesh, R, Thornburg, N, Tomitaka, Y, Tomonaga, K, Tordo, N, Torto, B, Towner, J, Tsuda, S, Tu, C, Turina, M, Tzanetakis, I, Uchida, J, Usugi, T, Vaira, A, Vallino, M, van den Hoogen, B, Varsani, A, Vasilakis, N, Verbeek, M, von Bargen, S, Wada, J, Wahl, V, Walker, P, Wang, L, Wang, G, Wang, Y, Waqas, M, Wei, T, Wen, S, Whitfield, A, Williams, J, Wolf, Y, Wu, J, Xu, L, Yanagisawa, H, Yang, C, Yang, Z, Zerbini, F, Zhai, L, Zhang, Y, Zhang, S, Zhang, J, Zhang, Z, Zhou, X, Kuhn JH, Adkins S, Agwanda BR, Al Kubrusli R, Alkhovsky SV, Amarasinghe GK, Avsic-Zupanc T, Ayllon MA, Bahl J, Balkema-Buschmann A, Ballinger MJ, Basler CF, Bavari S, Beer M, Bejerman N, Bennett AJ, Bente DA, Bergeron E, Bird BH, Blair CD, Blasdell KR, Blystad DR, Bojko J, Borth WB, Bradfute S, Breyta R, Briese T, Brown PA, Brown JK, Buchholz UJ, Buchmeier MJ, Bukreyev A, Burt F, Buttner C, Calisher CH, Cao MJ, Casas I, Chandran K, Charrel RN, Cheng Q, Chiaki Y, Chiapello M, Choi I, Ciuffo M, Clegg JCS, Crozier I, Dal Bo E, de la Torre JC, de Lamballerie X, de Swart RL, Debat H, Dheilly NM, Di Cicco E, Di Paola N, Di Serio F, Dietzgen RG, Digiaro M, Dolnik O, Drebot MA, Drexler JF, Dundon WG, Duprex WP, Durrwald R, Dye JM, Easton AJ, Ebihara H, Elbeaino T, Ergunay K, Ferguson HW, Fooks AR, Forgia M, Formenty PBH, Franova J, Freitas-Astua J, Fu JJ, Furl S, Gago-Zachert S, Gao GF, Garcia ML, Garcia-Sastre A, Garrison AR, Gaskin T, Gonzalez JPJ, Griffiths A, Goldberg TL, Groschup MH, Gunther S, Hall RA, Hammond J, Han T, Hepojoki J, Hewson R, Hong J, Hong N, Hongo S, Horie M, Hu JS, Hu T, Hughes HR, Huttner F, Hyndman TH, Ilyas M, Jalkanen R, Jiang DH, Jonson GB, Junglen S, Kadono F, Kaukinen KH, Kawate M, Klempa B, Klingstrom J, Kobinger G, Koloniuk I, Kondo H, Koonin EV, Krupovic M, Kubota K, Kurath G, Laenen L, Lambert AJ, Langevin SL, Lee B, Lefkowitz EJ, Leroy EM, Li SR, Li LH, Li JR, Liu HZ, Lukashevich IS, Maes P, de Souza WM, Marklewitz M, Marshall SH, Marzano SYL, Massart S, McCauley JW, Melzer M, Mielke-Ehret N, Miller KM, Ming TJ, Mirazimi A, Mordecai GJ, Muhlbach HP, Muhlberger E, Naidu R, Natsuaki T, Navarro JA, Netesov SV, Neumann G, Nowotny N, Nunes MRT, Olmedo-Velarde A, Palacios G, Pallas V, Palyi B, Papa A, Paraskevopoulou S, Park AC, Parrish CR, Patterson DA, Pauvolid-Correa A, Paweska JT, Payne S, Peracchio C, Perez DR, Postler TS, Qi LY, Radoshitzky SR, Resende RO, Reyes CA, Rima BK, Luna GR, Romanowski V, Rota P, Rubbenstroth D, Rubino L, Runstadler JA, Sabanadzovic S, Sall AA, Salvato MS, Sang RS, Sasaya T, Schulze AD, Schwemmle M, Shi M, Shi XH, Shi ZL, Shimomoto Y, Shirako Y, Siddell SG, Simmonds P, Sironi M, Smagghe G, Smither S, Song JW, Spann K, Spengler JR, Stenglein MD, Stone DM, Sugano J, Suttle CA, Tabata A, Takada A, Takeuchi S, Tchouassi DP, Teffer A, Tesh RB, Thornburg NJ, Tomitaka Y, Tomonaga K, Tordo N, Torto B, Towner JS, Tsuda S, Tu CC, Turina M, Tzanetakis IE, Uchida J, Usugi T, Vaira AM, Vallino M, van den Hoogen B, Varsani A, Vasilakis N, Verbeek M, von Bargen S, Wada J, Wahl V, Walker PJ, Wang LF, Wang GP, Wang YX, Wang YQ, Waqas M, Wei TY, Wen SH, Whitfield AE, Williams JV, Wolf YI, Wu JX, Xu L, Yanagisawa H, Yang CX, Yang ZK, Zerbini FM, Zhai L, Zhang YZ, Zhang S, Zhang JG, Zhang Z, Zhou XP, Kuhn, J, Adkins, S, Agwanda, B, Al Kubrusli, R, Alkhovsky, S, Amarasinghe, G, Avsic-Zupanc, T, Ayllon, M, Bahl, J, Balkema-Buschmann, A, Ballinger, M, Basler, C, Bavari, S, Beer, M, Bejerman, N, Bennett, A, Bente, D, Bergeron, E, Bird, B, Blair, C, Blasdell, K, Blystad, D, Bojko, J, Borth, W, Bradfute, S, Breyta, R, Briese, T, Brown, P, Brown, J, Buchholz, U, Buchmeier, M, Bukreyev, A, Burt, F, Buttner, C, Calisher, C, Cao, M, Casas, I, Chandran, K, Charrel, R, Cheng, Q, Chiaki, Y, Chiapello, M, Choi, I, Ciuffo, M, Clegg, J, Crozier, I, Dal Bo, E, de la Torre, J, de Lamballerie, X, de Swart, R, Debat, H, Dheilly, N, Di Cicco, E, Di Paola, N, Di Serio, F, Dietzgen, R, Digiaro, M, Dolnik, O, Drebot, M, Drexler, J, Dundon, W, Duprex, W, Durrwald, R, Dye, J, Easton, A, Ebihara, H, Elbeaino, T, Ergunay, K, Ferguson, H, Fooks, A, Forgia, M, Formenty, P, Franova, J, Freitas-Astua, J, Fu, J, Furl, S, Gago-Zachert, S, Gao, G, Garcia, M, Garcia-Sastre, A, Garrison, A, Gaskin, T, Gonzalez, J, Griffiths, A, Goldberg, T, Groschup, M, Gunther, S, Hall, R, Hammond, J, Han, T, Hepojoki, J, Hewson, R, Hong, J, Hong, N, Hongo, S, Horie, M, Hu, J, Hu, T, Hughes, H, Huttner, F, Hyndman, T, Ilyas, M, Jalkanen, R, Jiang, D, Jonson, G, Junglen, S, Kadono, F, Kaukinen, K, Kawate, M, Klempa, B, Klingstrom, J, Kobinger, G, Koloniuk, I, Kondo, H, Koonin, E, Krupovic, M, Kubota, K, Kurath, G, Laenen, L, Lambert, A, Langevin, S, Lee, B, Lefkowitz, E, Leroy, E, Li, S, Li, L, Li, J, Liu, H, Lukashevich, I, Maes, P, de Souza, W, Marklewitz, M, Marshall, S, Marzano, S, Massart, S, Mccauley, J, Melzer, M, Mielke-Ehret, N, Miller, K, Ming, T, Mirazimi, A, Mordecai, G, Muhlbach, H, Muhlberger, E, Naidu, R, Natsuaki, T, Navarro, J, Netesov, S, Neumann, G, Nowotny, N, Nunes, M, Olmedo-Velarde, A, Palacios, G, Pallas, V, Palyi, B, Papa, A, Paraskevopoulou, S, Park, A, Parrish, C, Patterson, D, Pauvolid-Correa, A, Paweska, J, Payne, S, Peracchio, C, Perez, D, Postler, T, Qi, L, Radoshitzky, S, Resende, R, Reyes, C, Rima, B, Luna, G, Romanowski, V, Rota, P, Rubbenstroth, D, Rubino, L, Runstadler, J, Sabanadzovic, S, Sall, A, Salvato, M, Sang, R, Sasaya, T, Schulze, A, Schwemmle, M, Shi, M, Shi, X, Shi, Z, Shimomoto, Y, Shirako, Y, Siddell, S, Simmonds, P, Sironi, M, Smagghe, G, Smither, S, Song, J, Spann, K, Spengler, J, Stenglein, M, Stone, D, Sugano, J, Suttle, C, Tabata, A, Takada, A, Takeuchi, S, Tchouassi, D, Teffer, A, Tesh, R, Thornburg, N, Tomitaka, Y, Tomonaga, K, Tordo, N, Torto, B, Towner, J, Tsuda, S, Tu, C, Turina, M, Tzanetakis, I, Uchida, J, Usugi, T, Vaira, A, Vallino, M, van den Hoogen, B, Varsani, A, Vasilakis, N, Verbeek, M, von Bargen, S, Wada, J, Wahl, V, Walker, P, Wang, L, Wang, G, Wang, Y, Waqas, M, Wei, T, Wen, S, Whitfield, A, Williams, J, Wolf, Y, Wu, J, Xu, L, Yanagisawa, H, Yang, C, Yang, Z, Zerbini, F, Zhai, L, Zhang, Y, Zhang, S, Zhang, J, Zhang, Z, Zhou, X, Kuhn JH, Adkins S, Agwanda BR, Al Kubrusli R, Alkhovsky SV, Amarasinghe GK, Avsic-Zupanc T, Ayllon MA, Bahl J, Balkema-Buschmann A, Ballinger MJ, Basler CF, Bavari S, Beer M, Bejerman N, Bennett AJ, Bente DA, Bergeron E, Bird BH, Blair CD, Blasdell KR, Blystad DR, Bojko J, Borth WB, Bradfute S, Breyta R, Briese T, Brown PA, Brown JK, Buchholz UJ, Buchmeier MJ, Bukreyev A, Burt F, Buttner C, Calisher CH, Cao MJ, Casas I, Chandran K, Charrel RN, Cheng Q, Chiaki Y, Chiapello M, Choi I, Ciuffo M, Clegg JCS, Crozier I, Dal Bo E, de la Torre JC, de Lamballerie X, de Swart RL, Debat H, Dheilly NM, Di Cicco E, Di Paola N, Di Serio F, Dietzgen RG, Digiaro M, Dolnik O, Drebot MA, Drexler JF, Dundon WG, Duprex WP, Durrwald R, Dye JM, Easton AJ, Ebihara H, Elbeaino T, Ergunay K, Ferguson HW, Fooks AR, Forgia M, Formenty PBH, Franova J, Freitas-Astua J, Fu JJ, Furl S, Gago-Zachert S, Gao GF, Garcia ML, Garcia-Sastre A, Garrison AR, Gaskin T, Gonzalez JPJ, Griffiths A, Goldberg TL, Groschup MH, Gunther S, Hall RA, Hammond J, Han T, Hepojoki J, Hewson R, Hong J, Hong N, Hongo S, Horie M, Hu JS, Hu T, Hughes HR, Huttner F, Hyndman TH, Ilyas M, Jalkanen R, Jiang DH, Jonson GB, Junglen S, Kadono F, Kaukinen KH, Kawate M, Klempa B, Klingstrom J, Kobinger G, Koloniuk I, Kondo H, Koonin EV, Krupovic M, Kubota K, Kurath G, Laenen L, Lambert AJ, Langevin SL, Lee B, Lefkowitz EJ, Leroy EM, Li SR, Li LH, Li JR, Liu HZ, Lukashevich IS, Maes P, de Souza WM, Marklewitz M, Marshall SH, Marzano SYL, Massart S, McCauley JW, Melzer M, Mielke-Ehret N, Miller KM, Ming TJ, Mirazimi A, Mordecai GJ, Muhlbach HP, Muhlberger E, Naidu R, Natsuaki T, Navarro JA, Netesov SV, Neumann G, Nowotny N, Nunes MRT, Olmedo-Velarde A, Palacios G, Pallas V, Palyi B, Papa A, Paraskevopoulou S, Park AC, Parrish CR, Patterson DA, Pauvolid-Correa A, Paweska JT, Payne S, Peracchio C, Perez DR, Postler TS, Qi LY, Radoshitzky SR, Resende RO, Reyes CA, Rima BK, Luna GR, Romanowski V, Rota P, Rubbenstroth D, Rubino L, Runstadler JA, Sabanadzovic S, Sall AA, Salvato MS, Sang RS, Sasaya T, Schulze AD, Schwemmle M, Shi M, Shi XH, Shi ZL, Shimomoto Y, Shirako Y, Siddell SG, Simmonds P, Sironi M, Smagghe G, Smither S, Song JW, Spann K, Spengler JR, Stenglein MD, Stone DM, Sugano J, Suttle CA, Tabata A, Takada A, Takeuchi S, Tchouassi DP, Teffer A, Tesh RB, Thornburg NJ, Tomitaka Y, Tomonaga K, Tordo N, Torto B, Towner JS, Tsuda S, Tu CC, Turina M, Tzanetakis IE, Uchida J, Usugi T, Vaira AM, Vallino M, van den Hoogen B, Varsani A, Vasilakis N, Verbeek M, von Bargen S, Wada J, Wahl V, Walker PJ, Wang LF, Wang GP, Wang YX, Wang YQ, Waqas M, Wei TY, Wen SH, Whitfield AE, Williams JV, Wolf YI, Wu JX, Xu L, Yanagisawa H, Yang CX, Yang ZK, Zerbini FM, Zhai L, Zhang YZ, Zhang S, Zhang JG, Zhang Z, and Zhou XP

Abstract

In March 2021, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote on newly proposed taxa, the phylum Negarnaviricota was amended and emended. The phylum was expanded by four families (Aliusviridae, Crepuscuviridae, Myriaviridae, and Natareviridae), three subfamilies (Alpharhabdovirinae, Betarhabdovirinae, and Gammarhabdovirinae), 42 genera, and 200 species. Thirty-nine species were renamed and/or moved and seven species were abolished. This article presents the updated taxonomy of Negarnaviricota as now accepted by the ICTV.

Published
2021

5. 2020 taxonomic update for phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales

Author

Kuhn, J, Adkins, S, Alioto, D, Alkhovsky, S, Amarasinghe, G, Anthony, S, Avsic-Aupanc, T, Ayllon, M, Bahl, J, Balkema-Buschmann, A, Ballinger, M, Bartonicka, T, Basler, C, Bavari, S, Beer, M, Bente, D, Bergeron, E, Bird, B, Blair, C, Blasdell, K, Bradfute, S, Breyta, R, Briese, T, Brown, P, Buchholz, U, Buchmeier, M, Bukreyev, A, Burt, F, Buzkan, N, Calisher, C, Cao, M, Casas, I, Chamberlain, J, Chandran, K, Charrel, R, Chen, B, Chiumenti, M, Choi, I, Clegg, J, Crozier, I, da Graca, J, Dal Bo, E, Davila, A, de la Torre, J, de Lamballerie, X, de Swart, R, Di Bello, P, Di Paola, N, Di Serio, F, Dietzgen, R, Digiaro, M, Dolja, V, Dolnik, O, Drebot, M, Drexler, J, Durrwald, R, Dufkova, L, Dundon, W, Duprex, W, Dye, J, Easton, A, Ebihara, H, Elbeaino, T, Ergunay, K, Fernandes, J, Fooks, A, Formenty, P, Forth, L, Fouchier, R, Freitas-Astua, J, Gago-Zachert, S, Gao, G, Garcia, M, Garcia-Sastre, A, Garrison, A, Gbakima, A, Goldstein, T, Gonzalez, J, Griffiths, A, Groschup, M, Gunther, S, Guterres, A, Hall, R, Hammond, J, Hassan, M, Hepojoki, J, Hepojoki, S, Hetzel, U, Hewson, R, Hoffmann, B, Hongo, S, Hoper, D, Horie, M, Hughes, H, Hyndman, T, Jambai, A, Jardim, R, Jiang, D, Jin, Q, Jonson, G, Junglen, S, Karadag, S, Keller, K, Klempa, B, Klingstrom, J, Kobinger, G, Kondo, H, Koonin, E, Krupovic, M, Kurath, G, Kuzmin, I, Laenen, L, Lamb, R, Lambert, A, Langevin, S, Lee, B, Lemos, E, Leroy, E, Li, D, Li, J, Liang, M, Liu, W, Liu, Y, Lukashevich, I, Maes, P, de Souza, W, Marklewitz, M, Marshall, S, Martelli, G, Martin, R, Marzano, S, Massart, S, Mccauley, J, Mielke-Ehret, N, Minafra, A, Minutolo, M, Mirazimi, A, Muhlbach, H, Muhlberger, E, Naidu, R, Natsuaki, T, Navarro, B, Navarro, J, Netesov, S, Neumann, G, Nowotny, N, Nunes, M, Nylund, A, Okland, A, Oliveira, R, Palacios, G, Pallas, V, Palyi, B, Papa, A, Parrish, C, Pauvolid-Correa, A, Paweska, J, Payne, S, Perez, D, Pfaff, F, Radoshitzky, S, Aziz-ul, R, Ramos-Gonzalez, P, Resende, R, Reyes, C, Rima, B, Romanowski, V, Luna, G, Rota, P, Rubbenstroth, D, Runstadler, J, Ruzek, D, Sabanadzovic, S, Salat, J, Sall, A, Salvato, M, Sarpkaya, K, Sasaya, T, Schwemmle, M, Shabbir, M, Shi, X, Shi, Z, Shirako, Y, Simmonds, P, Sirmarovaa, J, Sironi, M, Smither, S, Smura, T, Song, J, Spann, K, Spengler, J, Stenglein, M, Stone, D, Strakova, P, Takada, A, Tesh, R, Thornburg, N, Tomonaga, K, Tordo, N, Towner, J, Turina, M, Tzanetakis, I, Ulrich, R, Vaira, A, van den Hoogen, B, Varsani, A, Vasilakis, N, Verbeek, M, Wahl, V, Walker, P, Wang, H, Wang, J, Wang, X, Wang, L, Wei, T, Wells, H, Whitfield, A, Williams, J, Wolf, Y, Wu, Z, Yang, X, Yu, X, Yutin, N, Zerbini, F, Zhang, T, Zhang, Y, Zhou, G, Zhou, X, Kuhn JH, Adkins S, Alioto D, Alkhovsky SV, Amarasinghe GK, Anthony SJ, Avsic-Aupanc T, Ayllon MA, Bahl J, Balkema-Buschmann A, Ballinger MJ, Bartonicka T, Basler C, Bavari S, Beer M, Bente DA, Bergeron E, Bird BH, Blair C, Blasdell KR, Bradfute SB, Breyta R, Briese T, Brown PA, Buchholz UJ, Buchmeier MJ, Bukreyev A, Burt F, Buzkan N, Calisher CH, Cao MJ, Casas I, Chamberlain J, Chandran K, Charrel RN, Chen B, Chiumenti M, Choi I, Clegg JCS, Crozier I, da Graca JV, Dal Bo E, Davila AMR, de la Torre JC, de Lamballerie X, de Swart RL, Di Bello PL, Di Paola N, Di Serio F, Dietzgen RG, Digiaro M, Dolja VV, Dolnik O, Drebot MA, Drexler JF, Durrwald R, Dufkova L, Dundon WG, Duprex WP, Dye JM, Easton AJ, Ebihara H, Elbeaino T, Ergunay K, Fernandes J, Fooks AR, Formenty PBH, Forth LF, Fouchier RAM, Freitas-Astua J, Gago-Zachert S, Gao GF, Garcia ML, Garcia-Sastre A, Garrison AR, Gbakima A, Goldstein T, Gonzalez JPJ, Griffiths A, Groschup MH, Gunther S, Guterres A, Hall RA, Hammond J, Hassan M, Hepojoki J, Hepojoki S, Hetzel U, Hewson R, Hoffmann B, Hongo S, Hoper D, Horie M, Hughes HR, Hyndman TH, Jambai A, Jardim R, Jiang DH, Jin Q, Jonson GB, Junglen S, Karadag S, Keller KE, Klempa B, Klingstrom J, Kobinger G, Kondo H, Koonin EV, Krupovic M, Kurath G, Kuzmin IV, Laenen L, Lamb RA, Lambert AJ, Langevin SL, Lee BH, Lemos ERS, Leroy EM, Li DX, Li JR, Liang MF, Liu WW, Liu Y, Lukashevich IS, Maes P, de Souza WM, Marklewitz M, Marshall SH, Martelli GP, Martin RR, Marzano SYL, Massart S, McCauley JW, Mielke-Ehret N, Minafra A, Minutolo M, Mirazimi A, Muhlbach HP, Muhlberger E, Naidu R, Natsuaki T, Navarro B, Navarro JA, Netesov SV, Neumann G, Nowotny N, Nunes MRT, Nylund A, Okland AL, Oliveira RC, Palacios G, Pallas V, Palyi B, Papa A, Parrish CR, Pauvolid-Correa A, Paweska JT, Payne S, Perez DR, Pfaff F, Radoshitzky SR, Aziz-ul Rahman, Ramos-Gonzalez PL, Resende RO, Reyes CA, Rima BK, Romanowski V, Luna GR, Rota P, Rubbenstroth D, Runstadler JA, Ruzek D, Sabanadzovic S, Salat J, Sall AA, Salvato MS, Sarpkaya K, Sasaya T, Schwemmle M, Shabbir MZ, Shi XH, Shi ZL, Shirako Y, Simmonds P, Sirmarovaa J, Sironi M, Smither S, Smura T, Song JW, Spann KM, Spengler JR, Stenglein MD, Stone DM, Strakova P, Takada A, Tesh RB, Thornburg NJ, Tomonaga K, Tordo N, Towner JS, Turina M, Tzanetakis I, Ulrich RG, Vaira AM, van den Hoogen B, Varsani A, Vasilakis N, Verbeek M, Wahl V, Walker PJ, Wang H, Wang JW, Wang XF, Wang LF, Wei TY, Wells H, Whitfield AE, Williams JV, Wolf YI, Wu ZQ, Yang X, Yu XJ, Yutin N, Zerbini FM, Zhang T, Zhang YZ, Zhou GH, Zhou XP, Kuhn, J, Adkins, S, Alioto, D, Alkhovsky, S, Amarasinghe, G, Anthony, S, Avsic-Aupanc, T, Ayllon, M, Bahl, J, Balkema-Buschmann, A, Ballinger, M, Bartonicka, T, Basler, C, Bavari, S, Beer, M, Bente, D, Bergeron, E, Bird, B, Blair, C, Blasdell, K, Bradfute, S, Breyta, R, Briese, T, Brown, P, Buchholz, U, Buchmeier, M, Bukreyev, A, Burt, F, Buzkan, N, Calisher, C, Cao, M, Casas, I, Chamberlain, J, Chandran, K, Charrel, R, Chen, B, Chiumenti, M, Choi, I, Clegg, J, Crozier, I, da Graca, J, Dal Bo, E, Davila, A, de la Torre, J, de Lamballerie, X, de Swart, R, Di Bello, P, Di Paola, N, Di Serio, F, Dietzgen, R, Digiaro, M, Dolja, V, Dolnik, O, Drebot, M, Drexler, J, Durrwald, R, Dufkova, L, Dundon, W, Duprex, W, Dye, J, Easton, A, Ebihara, H, Elbeaino, T, Ergunay, K, Fernandes, J, Fooks, A, Formenty, P, Forth, L, Fouchier, R, Freitas-Astua, J, Gago-Zachert, S, Gao, G, Garcia, M, Garcia-Sastre, A, Garrison, A, Gbakima, A, Goldstein, T, Gonzalez, J, Griffiths, A, Groschup, M, Gunther, S, Guterres, A, Hall, R, Hammond, J, Hassan, M, Hepojoki, J, Hepojoki, S, Hetzel, U, Hewson, R, Hoffmann, B, Hongo, S, Hoper, D, Horie, M, Hughes, H, Hyndman, T, Jambai, A, Jardim, R, Jiang, D, Jin, Q, Jonson, G, Junglen, S, Karadag, S, Keller, K, Klempa, B, Klingstrom, J, Kobinger, G, Kondo, H, Koonin, E, Krupovic, M, Kurath, G, Kuzmin, I, Laenen, L, Lamb, R, Lambert, A, Langevin, S, Lee, B, Lemos, E, Leroy, E, Li, D, Li, J, Liang, M, Liu, W, Liu, Y, Lukashevich, I, Maes, P, de Souza, W, Marklewitz, M, Marshall, S, Martelli, G, Martin, R, Marzano, S, Massart, S, Mccauley, J, Mielke-Ehret, N, Minafra, A, Minutolo, M, Mirazimi, A, Muhlbach, H, Muhlberger, E, Naidu, R, Natsuaki, T, Navarro, B, Navarro, J, Netesov, S, Neumann, G, Nowotny, N, Nunes, M, Nylund, A, Okland, A, Oliveira, R, Palacios, G, Pallas, V, Palyi, B, Papa, A, Parrish, C, Pauvolid-Correa, A, Paweska, J, Payne, S, Perez, D, Pfaff, F, Radoshitzky, S, Aziz-ul, R, Ramos-Gonzalez, P, Resende, R, Reyes, C, Rima, B, Romanowski, V, Luna, G, Rota, P, Rubbenstroth, D, Runstadler, J, Ruzek, D, Sabanadzovic, S, Salat, J, Sall, A, Salvato, M, Sarpkaya, K, Sasaya, T, Schwemmle, M, Shabbir, M, Shi, X, Shi, Z, Shirako, Y, Simmonds, P, Sirmarovaa, J, Sironi, M, Smither, S, Smura, T, Song, J, Spann, K, Spengler, J, Stenglein, M, Stone, D, Strakova, P, Takada, A, Tesh, R, Thornburg, N, Tomonaga, K, Tordo, N, Towner, J, Turina, M, Tzanetakis, I, Ulrich, R, Vaira, A, van den Hoogen, B, Varsani, A, Vasilakis, N, Verbeek, M, Wahl, V, Walker, P, Wang, H, Wang, J, Wang, X, Wang, L, Wei, T, Wells, H, Whitfield, A, Williams, J, Wolf, Y, Wu, Z, Yang, X, Yu, X, Yutin, N, Zerbini, F, Zhang, T, Zhang, Y, Zhou, G, Zhou, X, Kuhn JH, Adkins S, Alioto D, Alkhovsky SV, Amarasinghe GK, Anthony SJ, Avsic-Aupanc T, Ayllon MA, Bahl J, Balkema-Buschmann A, Ballinger MJ, Bartonicka T, Basler C, Bavari S, Beer M, Bente DA, Bergeron E, Bird BH, Blair C, Blasdell KR, Bradfute SB, Breyta R, Briese T, Brown PA, Buchholz UJ, Buchmeier MJ, Bukreyev A, Burt F, Buzkan N, Calisher CH, Cao MJ, Casas I, Chamberlain J, Chandran K, Charrel RN, Chen B, Chiumenti M, Choi I, Clegg JCS, Crozier I, da Graca JV, Dal Bo E, Davila AMR, de la Torre JC, de Lamballerie X, de Swart RL, Di Bello PL, Di Paola N, Di Serio F, Dietzgen RG, Digiaro M, Dolja VV, Dolnik O, Drebot MA, Drexler JF, Durrwald R, Dufkova L, Dundon WG, Duprex WP, Dye JM, Easton AJ, Ebihara H, Elbeaino T, Ergunay K, Fernandes J, Fooks AR, Formenty PBH, Forth LF, Fouchier RAM, Freitas-Astua J, Gago-Zachert S, Gao GF, Garcia ML, Garcia-Sastre A, Garrison AR, Gbakima A, Goldstein T, Gonzalez JPJ, Griffiths A, Groschup MH, Gunther S, Guterres A, Hall RA, Hammond J, Hassan M, Hepojoki J, Hepojoki S, Hetzel U, Hewson R, Hoffmann B, Hongo S, Hoper D, Horie M, Hughes HR, Hyndman TH, Jambai A, Jardim R, Jiang DH, Jin Q, Jonson GB, Junglen S, Karadag S, Keller KE, Klempa B, Klingstrom J, Kobinger G, Kondo H, Koonin EV, Krupovic M, Kurath G, Kuzmin IV, Laenen L, Lamb RA, Lambert AJ, Langevin SL, Lee BH, Lemos ERS, Leroy EM, Li DX, Li JR, Liang MF, Liu WW, Liu Y, Lukashevich IS, Maes P, de Souza WM, Marklewitz M, Marshall SH, Martelli GP, Martin RR, Marzano SYL, Massart S, McCauley JW, Mielke-Ehret N, Minafra A, Minutolo M, Mirazimi A, Muhlbach HP, Muhlberger E, Naidu R, Natsuaki T, Navarro B, Navarro JA, Netesov SV, Neumann G, Nowotny N, Nunes MRT, Nylund A, Okland AL, Oliveira RC, Palacios G, Pallas V, Palyi B, Papa A, Parrish CR, Pauvolid-Correa A, Paweska JT, Payne S, Perez DR, Pfaff F, Radoshitzky SR, Aziz-ul Rahman, Ramos-Gonzalez PL, Resende RO, Reyes CA, Rima BK, Romanowski V, Luna GR, Rota P, Rubbenstroth D, Runstadler JA, Ruzek D, Sabanadzovic S, Salat J, Sall AA, Salvato MS, Sarpkaya K, Sasaya T, Schwemmle M, Shabbir MZ, Shi XH, Shi ZL, Shirako Y, Simmonds P, Sirmarovaa J, Sironi M, Smither S, Smura T, Song JW, Spann KM, Spengler JR, Stenglein MD, Stone DM, Strakova P, Takada A, Tesh RB, Thornburg NJ, Tomonaga K, Tordo N, Towner JS, Turina M, Tzanetakis I, Ulrich RG, Vaira AM, van den Hoogen B, Varsani A, Vasilakis N, Verbeek M, Wahl V, Walker PJ, Wang H, Wang JW, Wang XF, Wang LF, Wei TY, Wells H, Whitfield AE, Williams JV, Wolf YI, Wu ZQ, Yang X, Yu XJ, Yutin N, Zerbini FM, Zhang T, Zhang YZ, Zhou GH, and Zhou XP

Abstract

In March 2020, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote on newly proposed taxa, the phylum Negarnaviricota was amended and emended. At the genus rank, 20 new genera were added, two were deleted, one was moved, and three were renamed. At the species rank, 160 species were added, four were deleted, ten were moved and renamed, and 30 species were renamed. This article presents the updated taxonomy of Negarnaviricota as now accepted by the ICTV.

Published
2020

6. Taxonomy of the order Bunyavirales: update 2019

Author

Abudurexiti, A, Adkins, S, Alioto, D, Alkhovsky, S, Avsic-Zupanc, T, Ballinger, M, Bente, D, Beer, M, Bergeron, E, Blair, C, Briese, T, Buchmeier, M, Burt, F, Calisher, C, Chang, C, Charrel, R, Choi, I, Clegg, J, la Torre, J, Lamballerie, X, Deng, F, Di Serio, F, Digiaro, M, Drebot, M, Duan, X, Ebihara, H, Elbeaino, T, Ergunay, K, Fulhorst, C, Garrison, A, Gao, G, Gonzalez, J, Groschup, M, Guenther, S, Haenni, A, Hall, R, Hepojoki, J, Hewson, R, Hu, Z, Hughes, H, Jonson, M, Junglen, S, Klempa, B, Klingstrom, J, Kou, C, Laenen, L, Lambert, A, Langevin, S, Liu, D, Lukashevich, I, Luo, T, Lu, C, Maes, P, de Souza, W, Marklewitz, M, Martelli, G, Matsuno, K, Mielke-Ehret, N, Minutolo, M, Mirazimi, A, Moming, A, Muhlbach, H, Naidu, R, Navarro, B, Nunes, M, Palacios, G, Papa, A, Pauvolid-Correa, A, Paweska, J, Qiao, J, Radoshitzky, S, Resende, R, Romanowski, V, Sall, A, Salvato, M, Sasaya, T, Shen, S, Shi, X, Shirako, Y, Simmonds, P, Sironi, M, Song, J, Spengler, J, Stenglein, M, Su, Z, Sun, S, Tang, S, Turina, M, Wang, B, Wang, C, Wang, H, Wang, J, Wei, T, Whitfield, A, Zerbini, F, Zhang, J, Zhang, L, Zhang, Y, Zhou, X, Zhu, L, Kuhn, J, Abudurexiti A, Adkins S, Alioto D, Alkhovsky SV, Avsic-Zupanc T, Ballinger MJ, Bente DA, Beer M, Bergeron E, Blair CD, Briese T, Buchmeier MJ, Burt FJ, Calisher CH, Chang C, Charrel RN, Choi IR, Clegg JCS, la Torre JC, Lamballerie X, Deng F, Di Serio F, Digiaro M, Drebot MA, Duan XM, Ebihara H, Elbeaino T, Ergunay K, Fulhorst CF, Garrison AR, Gao GF, Gonzalez JPJ, Groschup MH, Guenther S, Haenni AL, Hall RA, Hepojoki J, Hewson R, Hu Z, Hughes HR, Jonson MG, Junglen S, Klempa B, Klingstrom J, Kou C, Laenen L, Lambert AJ, Langevin SA, Liu D, Lukashevich IS, Luo T, Lu CW, Maes P, de Souza WM, Marklewitz M, Martelli GP, Matsuno K, Mielke-Ehret N, Minutolo M, Mirazimi A, Moming A, Muhlbach HP, Naidu R, Navarro B, Nunes MRT, Palacios G, Papa A, Pauvolid-Correa A, Paweska JT, Qiao J, Radoshitzky SR, Resende RO, Romanowski V, Sall AA, Salvato MS, Sasaya T, Shen S, Shi XH, Shirako Y, Simmonds P, Sironi M, Song JW, Spengler JR, Stenglein MD, Su ZY, Sun S, Tang S, Turina M, Wang B, Wang C, Wang HL, Wang J, Wei TY, Whitfield AE, Zerbini FM, Zhang J, Zhang L, Zhang YF, Zhang YZ, Zhang Y, Zhou X, Zhu L, Kuhn JH, Abudurexiti, A, Adkins, S, Alioto, D, Alkhovsky, S, Avsic-Zupanc, T, Ballinger, M, Bente, D, Beer, M, Bergeron, E, Blair, C, Briese, T, Buchmeier, M, Burt, F, Calisher, C, Chang, C, Charrel, R, Choi, I, Clegg, J, la Torre, J, Lamballerie, X, Deng, F, Di Serio, F, Digiaro, M, Drebot, M, Duan, X, Ebihara, H, Elbeaino, T, Ergunay, K, Fulhorst, C, Garrison, A, Gao, G, Gonzalez, J, Groschup, M, Guenther, S, Haenni, A, Hall, R, Hepojoki, J, Hewson, R, Hu, Z, Hughes, H, Jonson, M, Junglen, S, Klempa, B, Klingstrom, J, Kou, C, Laenen, L, Lambert, A, Langevin, S, Liu, D, Lukashevich, I, Luo, T, Lu, C, Maes, P, de Souza, W, Marklewitz, M, Martelli, G, Matsuno, K, Mielke-Ehret, N, Minutolo, M, Mirazimi, A, Moming, A, Muhlbach, H, Naidu, R, Navarro, B, Nunes, M, Palacios, G, Papa, A, Pauvolid-Correa, A, Paweska, J, Qiao, J, Radoshitzky, S, Resende, R, Romanowski, V, Sall, A, Salvato, M, Sasaya, T, Shen, S, Shi, X, Shirako, Y, Simmonds, P, Sironi, M, Song, J, Spengler, J, Stenglein, M, Su, Z, Sun, S, Tang, S, Turina, M, Wang, B, Wang, C, Wang, H, Wang, J, Wei, T, Whitfield, A, Zerbini, F, Zhang, J, Zhang, L, Zhang, Y, Zhou, X, Zhu, L, Kuhn, J, Abudurexiti A, Adkins S, Alioto D, Alkhovsky SV, Avsic-Zupanc T, Ballinger MJ, Bente DA, Beer M, Bergeron E, Blair CD, Briese T, Buchmeier MJ, Burt FJ, Calisher CH, Chang C, Charrel RN, Choi IR, Clegg JCS, la Torre JC, Lamballerie X, Deng F, Di Serio F, Digiaro M, Drebot MA, Duan XM, Ebihara H, Elbeaino T, Ergunay K, Fulhorst CF, Garrison AR, Gao GF, Gonzalez JPJ, Groschup MH, Guenther S, Haenni AL, Hall RA, Hepojoki J, Hewson R, Hu Z, Hughes HR, Jonson MG, Junglen S, Klempa B, Klingstrom J, Kou C, Laenen L, Lambert AJ, Langevin SA, Liu D, Lukashevich IS, Luo T, Lu CW, Maes P, de Souza WM, Marklewitz M, Martelli GP, Matsuno K, Mielke-Ehret N, Minutolo M, Mirazimi A, Moming A, Muhlbach HP, Naidu R, Navarro B, Nunes MRT, Palacios G, Papa A, Pauvolid-Correa A, Paweska JT, Qiao J, Radoshitzky SR, Resende RO, Romanowski V, Sall AA, Salvato MS, Sasaya T, Shen S, Shi XH, Shirako Y, Simmonds P, Sironi M, Song JW, Spengler JR, Stenglein MD, Su ZY, Sun S, Tang S, Turina M, Wang B, Wang C, Wang HL, Wang J, Wei TY, Whitfield AE, Zerbini FM, Zhang J, Zhang L, Zhang YF, Zhang YZ, Zhang Y, Zhou X, Zhu L, and Kuhn JH

Abstract

In February 2019, following the annual taxon ratification vote, the order Bunyavirales was amended by creation of two new families, four new subfamilies, 11 new genera and 77 new species, merging of two species, and deletion of one species. This article presents the updated taxonomy of the order Bunyavirales now accepted by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV).

Published
2019

7. Taxonomy of the order Bunyavirales: second update 2018

Author

Maes, P, Adkins, S, Alkhovsky, S, Avsic-Zupanc, T, Ballinger, M, Bente, D, Beer, M, Bergeron, E, Blair, C, Briese, T, Buchmeier, M, Burt, F, Calisher, C, Charrel, R, Choi, I, Clegg, J, de la Torre, J, de Lamballerie, X, Derisi, J, Digiaro, M, Drebot, M, Ebihara, H, Elbeaino, T, Ergunay, K, Fulhorst, C, Garrison, A, Gao, G, Gonzalez, J, Groschup, M, Gunther, S, Haenni, A, Hall, R, Hewson, R, Hughes, H, Jain, R, Jonson, M, Junglen, S, Klempa, B, Klingstrom, J, Kormelink, R, Lambert, A, Langevin, S, Lukashevich, I, Marklewitz, M, Martelli, G, Mielke-Ehret, N, Mirazimi, A, Muhlbach, H, Naidu, R, Nunes, M, Palacios, G, Papa, A, Paweska, J, Peters, C, Plyusnin, A, Radoshitzky, S, Resende, R, Romanowski, V, Sall, A, Salvato, M, Sasaya, T, Schmaljohn, C, Shi, X, Shirako, Y, Simmonds, P, Sironi, M, Song, J, Spengler, J, Stenglein, M, Tesh, R, Turina, M, Wei, T, Whitfield, A, Yeh, S, Zerbini, F, Zhang, Y, Zhou, X, Kuhn, J, Maes P, Adkins S, Alkhovsky SV, Avsic-Zupanc T, Ballinger MJ, Bente DA, Beer M, Bergeron E, Blair CD, Briese T, Buchmeier MJ, Burt FJ, Calisher CH, Charrel RN, Choi IR, Clegg JCS, de la Torre JC, de Lamballerie X, DeRisi JL, Digiaro M, Drebot M, Ebihara H, Elbeaino T, Ergunay K, Fulhorst CF, Garrison AR, Gao GF, Gonzalez JPJ, Groschup MH, Gunther S, Haenni AL, Hall RA, Hewson R, Hughes HR, Jain RK, Jonson MG, Junglen S, Klempa B, Klingstrom J, Kormelink R, Lambert AJ, Langevin SA, Lukashevich IS, Marklewitz M, Martelli GP, Mielke-Ehret N, Mirazimi A, Muhlbach HP, Naidu R, Nunes MRT, Palacios G, Papa A, Paweska JT, Peters CJ, Plyusnin A, Radoshitzky SR, Resende RO, Romanowski V, Sall AA, Salvato MS, Sasaya T, Schmaljohn C, Shi XH, Shirako Y, Simmonds P, Sironi M, Song JW, Spengler JR, Stenglein MD, Tesh RB, Turina M, Wei TY, Whitfield AE, Yeh SD, Zerbini FM, Zhang YZ, Zhou XP, Kuhn JH, Maes, P, Adkins, S, Alkhovsky, S, Avsic-Zupanc, T, Ballinger, M, Bente, D, Beer, M, Bergeron, E, Blair, C, Briese, T, Buchmeier, M, Burt, F, Calisher, C, Charrel, R, Choi, I, Clegg, J, de la Torre, J, de Lamballerie, X, Derisi, J, Digiaro, M, Drebot, M, Ebihara, H, Elbeaino, T, Ergunay, K, Fulhorst, C, Garrison, A, Gao, G, Gonzalez, J, Groschup, M, Gunther, S, Haenni, A, Hall, R, Hewson, R, Hughes, H, Jain, R, Jonson, M, Junglen, S, Klempa, B, Klingstrom, J, Kormelink, R, Lambert, A, Langevin, S, Lukashevich, I, Marklewitz, M, Martelli, G, Mielke-Ehret, N, Mirazimi, A, Muhlbach, H, Naidu, R, Nunes, M, Palacios, G, Papa, A, Paweska, J, Peters, C, Plyusnin, A, Radoshitzky, S, Resende, R, Romanowski, V, Sall, A, Salvato, M, Sasaya, T, Schmaljohn, C, Shi, X, Shirako, Y, Simmonds, P, Sironi, M, Song, J, Spengler, J, Stenglein, M, Tesh, R, Turina, M, Wei, T, Whitfield, A, Yeh, S, Zerbini, F, Zhang, Y, Zhou, X, Kuhn, J, Maes P, Adkins S, Alkhovsky SV, Avsic-Zupanc T, Ballinger MJ, Bente DA, Beer M, Bergeron E, Blair CD, Briese T, Buchmeier MJ, Burt FJ, Calisher CH, Charrel RN, Choi IR, Clegg JCS, de la Torre JC, de Lamballerie X, DeRisi JL, Digiaro M, Drebot M, Ebihara H, Elbeaino T, Ergunay K, Fulhorst CF, Garrison AR, Gao GF, Gonzalez JPJ, Groschup MH, Gunther S, Haenni AL, Hall RA, Hewson R, Hughes HR, Jain RK, Jonson MG, Junglen S, Klempa B, Klingstrom J, Kormelink R, Lambert AJ, Langevin SA, Lukashevich IS, Marklewitz M, Martelli GP, Mielke-Ehret N, Mirazimi A, Muhlbach HP, Naidu R, Nunes MRT, Palacios G, Papa A, Paweska JT, Peters CJ, Plyusnin A, Radoshitzky SR, Resende RO, Romanowski V, Sall AA, Salvato MS, Sasaya T, Schmaljohn C, Shi XH, Shirako Y, Simmonds P, Sironi M, Song JW, Spengler JR, Stenglein MD, Tesh RB, Turina M, Wei TY, Whitfield AE, Yeh SD, Zerbini FM, Zhang YZ, Zhou XP, and Kuhn JH

Abstract

In October 2018, the order Bunyavirales was amended by inclusion of the family Arenaviridae, abolishment of three families, creation of three new families, 19 new genera, and 14 new species, and renaming of three genera and 22 species. This article presents the updated taxonomy of the order Bunyavirales as now accepted by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV).

Published
2019

8. Taxonomic update of phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales

Author

Kuhn J.H., Adkins S., Agwanda B.R., Al Kubrusli R., Alkhovsky S.V., Amarasinghe G.K., Avsic-Zupanc T., Ayllon M.A., Bahl J., Balkema-Buschmann A., Ballinger M.J., Basler C.F., Bavari S., Beer M., Bejerman N., Bennett A.J., Bente D.A., Bergeron E., Bird B.H., Blair C.D., Blasdell K.R., Blystad D.-R., Bojko J., Borth W.B., Bradfute S., Breyta R., Briese T., Brown P.A., Brown J.K., Buchholz U.J., Buchmeier M.J., Bukreyev A., Burt F., Buttner C., Calisher C.H., Cao M., Casas I., Chandran K., Charrel R.N., Cheng Q., Chiaki Y., Chiapello M., Choi I.-R., Ciuffo M., Clegg J.C.S., Crozier I., Dal Bo E., de la Torre J.C., de Lamballerie X., de Swart R.L., Debat H., Dheilly N.M., Di Cicco E., Di Paola N., Di Serio F., Dietzgen R.G., Digiaro M., Dolnik O., Drebot M.A., Drexler J.F., Dundon W.G., Duprex W.P., Durrwald R., Dye J.M., Easton A.J., Ebihara H., Elbeaino T., Ergunay K., Ferguson H.W., Fooks A.R., Forgia M., Formenty P.B.H., Franova J., Freitas-Astua J., Fu J., Furl S., Gago-Zachert S., Gao G.F., Garcia M.L., Garcia-Sastre A., Garrison A.R., Gaskin T., Gonzalez J.-P.J., Griffiths A., Goldberg T.L., Groschup M.H., Gunther S., Hall R.A., Hammond J., Han T., Hepojoki J., Hewson R., Hong J., Hong N., Hongo S., Horie M., Hu J.S., Hu T., Hughes H.R., Huttner F., Hyndman T.H., Ilyas M., Jalkanen R., Jiang D., Jonson G.B., Junglen S., Kadono F., Kaukinen K.H., Kawate M., Klempa B., Klingstrom J., Kobinger G., Koloniuk I., Kondo H., Koonin E.V., Krupovic M., Kubota K., Kurath G., Laenen L., Lambert A.J., Langevin S.L., Lee B., Lefkowitz E.J., Leroy E.M., Li S., Li L., Li J., Liu H., Lukashevich I.S., Maes P., de Souza W.M., Marklewitz M., Marshall S.H., Marzano S.-Y.L., Massart S., McCauley J.W., Melzer M., Mielke-Ehret N., Miller K.M., Ming T.J., Mirazimi A., Mordecai G.J., Muhlbach H.-P., Muhlberger E., Naidu R., Natsuaki T., Navarro J.A., Netesov S.V., Neumann G., Nowotny N., Nunes M.R.T., Olmedo-Velarde A., Palacios G., Pallas V., Palyi B., Papa A., Paraskevopoulou S., Park A.C., Parrish C.R., Patterson D.A., Pauvolid-Correa A., Paweska J.T., Payne S., Peracchio C., Perez D.R., Postler T.S., Qi L., Radoshitzky S.R., Resende R.O., Reyes C.A., Rima B.K., Luna G.R., Romanowski V., Rota P., Rubbenstroth D., Rubino L., Runstadler J.A., Sabanadzovic S., Sall A.A., Salvato M.S., Sang R., Sasaya T., Schulze A.D., Schwemmle M., Shi M., Shi X., Shi Z., Shimomoto Y., Shirako Y., Siddell S.G., Simmonds P., Sironi M., Smagghe G., Smither S., Song J.-W., Spann K., Spengler J.R., Stenglein M.D., Stone D.M., Sugano J., Suttle C.A., Tabata A., Takada A., Takeuchi S., Tchouassi D.P., Teffer A., Tesh R.B., Thornburg N.J., Tomitaka Y., Tomonaga K., Tordo N., Torto B., Towner J.S., Tsuda S., Tu C., Turina M., Tzanetakis I.E., Uchida J., Usugi T., Vaira A.M., Vallino M., van den Hoogen B., Varsani A., Vasilakis N., Verbeek M., von Bargen S., Wada J., Wahl V., Walker P.J., Wang L.-F., Wang G., Wang Y., Waqas M., Wei T., Wen S., Whitfield A.E., Williams J.V., Wolf Y.I., Wu J., Xu L., Yanagisawa H., Yang C., Yang Z., Zerbini F.M., Zhai L., Zhang Y.-Z., Zhang S., Zhang J., Zhang Z., and Zhou X.

Subjects
Virus classification, Negative-stranded RNA viruses
Abstract

In March 2021, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratifcation vote on newly proposed taxa, the phylum Negarnaviricota was amended and emended. The phylum was expanded by four families (Aliusviridae, Crepuscuviridae, Myriaviridae, and Natareviridae), three subfamilies (Alpharhabdovirinae, Betarhabdovirinae, and Gammarhabdovirinae), 42 genera, and 200 species. Thirty-nine species were renamed and/ or moved and seven species were abolished. This article presents the updated taxonomy of Negarnaviricota as now accepted by the ICTV

Published
2021

13. Sampling strategies for phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Europe

Author

Alten, B, Ozbel, Y, Ergunay, K, Kasap, O E, Cull, B, Antoniou, M, Velo, E, Prudhomme, J, Molina, Ricardo, Bañuls, A-L, Schaffner, F, Hendrickx, G, Van Bortel, W, Medlock, J M, Molina, R, and Ege Üniversitesi

Subjects
sampling, Range (biology), Field data, Population Dynamics, Sand flies, Species identification, Animals, DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic, Lack of knowledge, Phlebotomus, Psychodidae, Sampling, Population Density, biology, Outbreak, Sampling (statistics), General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, Insect Vectors, Fishery, Europe, Insect Science, Population Surveillance, sand flies, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract

WOS: 000365166000002, PubMed ID: 26271257, The distribution of phlebotomine sand flies is widely reported to be changing in Europe. This can be attributed to either the discovery of sand flies in areas where they were previously overlooked (generally following an outbreak of leishmaniasis or other sand fly-related disease) or to true expansion of their range as a result of climatic or environmental changes. Routine surveillance for phlebotomines in Europe is localized, and often one of the challenges for entomologists working in non-leishmaniasis endemic countries is the lack of knowledge on how to conduct, plan and execute sampling for phlebotomines, or how to adapt on-going sampling strategies for other haematophagous diptera. This review brings together published and unpublished expert knowledge on sampling strategies for European phlebotomines of public health concern in order to provide practical advice on: how to conduct surveys; the collection and interpretation of field data; suitable techniques for the preservation of specimens obtained by different sampling methods; molecular techniques used for species identification; and the pathogens associated with sand flies and their detection methods.

Published
2015

15. Sampling strategies for phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera : Psychodidae) in Europe

Author

Alten, B., Ozbel, Y., Ergunay, K., Kasap, O. E., Cull, B., Antoniou, M., Velo, E., Prudhomme, Jorian, Molina, R., Banuls, Anne-Laure, Schaffner, F., Hendrickx, G., Van Bortel, W., Medlock, J. M., Alten, B., Ozbel, Y., Ergunay, K., Kasap, O. E., Cull, B., Antoniou, M., Velo, E., Prudhomme, Jorian, Molina, R., Banuls, Anne-Laure, Schaffner, F., Hendrickx, G., Van Bortel, W., and Medlock, J. M.

Abstract

The distribution of phlebotomine sand flies is widely reported to be changing in Europe. This can be attributed to either the discovery of sand flies in areas where they were previously overlooked (generally following an outbreak of leishmaniasis or other sand fly-related disease) or to true expansion of their range as a result of climatic or environmental changes. Routine surveillance for phlebotomines in Europe is localized, and often one of the challenges for entomologists working in non-leishmaniasis endemic countries is the lack of knowledge on how to conduct, plan and execute sampling for phlebotomines, or how to adapt on-going sampling strategies for other haematophagous diptera. This review brings together published and unpublished expert knowledge on sampling strategies for European phlebotomines of public health concern in order to provide practical advice on: how to conduct surveys; the collection and interpretation of field data; suitable techniques for the preservation of specimens obtained by different sampling methods; molecular techniques used for species identification; and the pathogens associated with sand flies and their detection methods.

Published
2015

17. Ongoing Activity of Toscana Virus Genotype A and West Nile Virus Lineage 1 Strains in Turkey: A Clinical and Field Survey

Author

Ocal, M., primary, Orsten, S., additional, Inkaya, A. C., additional, Yetim, E., additional, Acar, N. P., additional, Alp, S., additional, Erisoz Kasap, O., additional, Gunay, F., additional, Arsava, E. M., additional, Alten, B., additional, Ozkul, A., additional, Us, D., additional, Niedrig, M., additional, and Ergunay, K., additional

Published
2013
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18. TT virus infection in Israeli patients with fulminant hepatic failure

Author

Safadi, R., Ergunay, K., Ilan, Y., Klein, A., Daniel Shouval, Manny, N., Harush, N., and Galun, E.

Subjects
Adult, Male, Torque teno virus, Adolescent, Molecular Sequence Data, Infant, Blood Donors, Hematology, General Medicine, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Middle Aged, DNA Virus Infections, Cohort Studies, Child, Preschool, Prevalence, Humans, Female, Israel, Child, Sequence Alignment, Liver Failure
Published
2001

22. Ongoing Activity of Toscana Virus Genotype A and West Nile Virus Lineage 1 Strains in Turkey: A Clinical and Field Survey.

Author

Ocal, M., Orsten, S., Inkaya, A. C., Yetim, E., Acar, N. P., Alp, S., Erisoz Kasap, O., Gunay, F., Arsava, E. M., Alten, B., Ozkul, A., Us, D., Niedrig, M., and Ergunay, K.

Subjects
GENOTYPES, WEST Nile virus, TICK-borne diseases, ENCEPHALITIS viruses, POLYMERASE chain reaction, IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE, IMMUNOGLOBULIN M
Abstract

Toscana virus ( TOSV), West Nile virus ( WNV) and tickborne encephalitis virus ( TBEV) are among major viral pathogens causing febrile disease and meningitis/encephalitis. The impact of these viruses was investigated at a referral centre in Ankara Province, Central Anatolia in 2012, where previous reports suggested virus circulation but with scarce information on clinical cases and vector activity. Serum and/or cerebrospinal fluid samples from 94 individuals were evaluated, in addition to field-collected arthropod specimens that included 767 sandflies and 239 mosquitoes. Viral nucleic acids in clinical samples and arthropods were sought via specific and generic nested/real-time PCRs, and antibody responses in clinical samples were investigated via commercial indirect immunofluorescence tests ( IIFTs) and virus neutralization. A WNV antigen assay was also employed for mosquitoes. WNV neuroinvasive disease has been identified in a 63-year-old male via RNA detection, and the WNV strain was characterized as lineage 1. TOSV infections were diagnosed in six individuals (6.3%) via RNA or IgM detection. Partial sequences in a 23-year-old female, presented with fever and transient pancytopenia, were characterized as TOSV genotype A. Febrile disease with arthralgia and/or peripheral cranial nerve involvement was noted in cases with TOSV infections. Previous WNV and TOSV exposures have been observed in 5.3% and 2.1% of the subjects, respectively. No confirmed TBEV exposure could be identified. Morphological identification of the field-collected mosquitoes revealed Culex pipiens sensu lato (74.4%), Anopheles maculipennis (20.9%), An. claviger (2.1%) and others. Sandfly species were determined as Phlebotomus papatasi (36.2%), P. halepensis (27.3%), P. major s. l. (19.3%), P. sergenti (8.9%), P. perfiliewi (4.4%), P. simici (2.6%) and others. Viral infections in arthropods could not be demonstrated. TOSV genotype A and WNV lineage 1 activity have been demonstrated as well as serologically proven exposure in patients. Presence of sandfly and mosquito species capable of virus transmission has also been revealed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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23. Toscana Virus (TOSV) exposure is confirmed in blood donors from Central, North and South/Southeast Anatolia, Turkey.

Author

Ergunay, K., Aydogan, S., Ilhami Ozcebe, O., Cilek, E. E., Hacioglu, S., Karakaya, J., Ozkul, A., and Us, D.

Subjects
*BLOOD donors, *SEROTYPES, *VIRUS diseases, *PUBLIC health, *IMMUNOGLOBULIN G, *DISEASE prevalence
Abstract

Summary Toscana virus (TOSV), a sandfly fever virus serotype of medical and public health importance, is a major pathogen involved in aseptic meningtis occurring in Mediterranean countries and poses a threat to the residents as well as travellers. Limited data on TOSV activity are present from Turkey despite being located in the endemic zone. We aimed to identify TOSV exposure in 1115 healthy blood donors at the Hacettepe University Hospital Blood Bank in Ankara, Turkey, using commercial indirect fluorescence assays (IFAs) and virus neutralization test (VNT) for antibody detection and specificity confirmation. A total of 199 samples (17.8%) were positive for anti-TOSV that include IgG reactivity in 10.4%, IgM reactivity in 8.2% and IgM + IgG reactivity in 0.7% of the sera. Anti-TOSV specificity could be confirmed via VNT in 56% of the IgG- and 43.6% of the IgM-positive sera, making up a total of 58 samples (5.2%). Risk factors associated with TOSV IgG reactivity were male gender, residing in rural areas, frequent sighting of mosquitoes/sandflies and working outdoors. TOSV-specific antibody prevalence increased significantly with age. Evidence of exposure to other sandfly fever viruses was noted. These data reveal that mild or asymptomatic infections with TOSV are frequent in central and northern Anatolia. TOSV exposure has also been identified in residents of 9 provinces in southern/southeastern Anatolia for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2012
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30. Taxonomy of the order Bunyavirales: update 2019

Author

Lěi Zhāng, Janusz T. Paweska, S. V. Alkhovsky, Rémi N. Charrel, Jussi Hepojoki, Xiǎoméi Duàn, Chuánwèi Lǚ, Miranda Gilda Jonson, Keita Matsuno, Jessica R. Spengler, Aura R. Garrison, R. O. Resende, Hideki Ebihara, F. Murilo Zerbini, Jens H. Kuhn, Márcio Roberto Teixeira Nunes, Eric Bergeron, Anna Papa, Jin Won Song, Jūn Wáng, Chūn Kòu, Chéng Wáng, Thomas Briese, William Marciel de Souza, Francesco Di Serio, Igor S. Lukashevich, Mark D. Stenglein, Huálín Wáng, George Fú Gāo, Lìyǐng Zhū, Xavier de Lamballerie, Xueping Zhou, Anne Lise Haenni, Dan Liu, Matthew J. Ballinger, Zhìhóng Hú, Lies Laenen, Scott Adkins, Gustavo Palacios, Zhèngyuán Sū, Koray Ergünay, Abulikemu Abudurexiti, Jié Qiáo, Yong-Zhen Zhang, Martin Beer, Piet Maes, Giovanni P. Martelli, Holly R. Hughes, Charles H. Calisher, Juan Carlos de la Torre, Stephan Günther, Yànfāng Zhāng, Boris Klempa, Il-Ryong Choi, Rayapati A. Naidu, Sùróng Sūn, Takahide Sasaya, Bó Wáng, Toufic Elbeaino, Manuela Sironi, Ali Mirazimi, Peter Simmonds, J. Christopher S. Clegg, Jonas Klingström, Amadou A. Sall, Michele Digiaro, Beatriz Navarro, Roger Hewson, Fēi Dèng, Tāo Luò, Marco Marklewitz, Michael A. Drebot, Yújiāng Zhāng, Felicity J. Burt, Nicole Mielke-Ehret, Daniela Alioto, Jìngyuàn Zhāng, Maria S. Salvato, Maria Minutolo, Xiǎohóng Shí, Dennis A. Bente, Shuāng Táng, Taiyun Wei, Sandra Junglen, Stanley A. Langevin, Tatjana Avšič-Županc, Charles F. Fulhorst, Hans Peter Mühlbach, Víctor Romanowski, Massimo Turina, Alex Pauvolid-Corrêa, Martin H. Groschup, Yukio Shirako, Amy J. Lambert, Roy A. Hall, Sheli R. Radoshitzky, Chénchén Cháng, Carol D. Blair, Shū Shěn, Anna E. Whitfield, Michael J. Buchmeier, Jean-Paul Gonzalez, Abulimiti Moming, Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Sassari, Medical School, University of Ljubljana, Institute of Diagnostic Virology (IVD), Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Fundación Instituto Leloir [Buenos Aires], Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), International Rice Research Institute [Philippines] (IRRI), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), The Scripps Research Institute [La Jolla], University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California-University of California, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rochester [USA], Hacettepe University = Hacettepe Üniversitesi, The University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Conditions et territoires d'émergence des maladies : dynamiques spatio-temporelles de l'émergence, évolution, diffusion/réduction des maladies, résistance et prémunition des hôtes (CTEM), Department of Virology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine - Bernhard-Nocht-Institut für Tropenmedizin [Hamburg, Germany] (BNITM), Institut Jacques Monod (IJM (UMR_7592)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Public Health England [Salisbury] (PHE), Humboldt State University (HSU), Slovak Academy of Science [Bratislava] (SAS), Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Department of Systems Biology, Sandia National Laboratories, Institute for Frontier Materials (IFM), Deakin University [Burwood], Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), University of Bari Aldo Moro (UNIBA), Center for Microbiological Preparedness, Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases [USA] (USAMRIID), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular [La Plata] (IBBM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Facultad de Ciencias Exactas [La Plata], Universidad Nacional de la Plata [Argentine] (UNLP)-Universidad Nacional de la Plata [Argentine] (UNLP), Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Divison of Plant Protection, National Agricultural Research Center, National Agricultural Research Center, University of Edinburgh, Centro San Giovanni di Dio, Fatebenefratelli, Brescia (IRCCS), Università degli Studi di Brescia [Brescia], Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Changchun Branch] (CAS)-Institute of Zoology, Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food [Ottawa] (AAFC), Universidade Federal de Vicosa (UFV), State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong (HKU), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [Bethesda] (NIAID-NIH), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Viral Zoonosis Research Unit, University of Helsinki, Faculty of Medicine, Medicum, Università degli Studi di Sassari = University of Sassari [Sassari] (UNISS), University of Ljubljana, Columbia University [New York], Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), The Scripps Research Institute [La Jolla, San Diego], Università degli studi di Bari Aldo Moro = University of Bari Aldo Moro (UNIBA), U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Università degli Studi di Brescia = University of Brescia (UniBs), Agriculture and Agri-Food (AAFC), Universidade Federal de Viçosa = Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), Abudurexiti, A., Adkins, S., Alioto, D., Alkhovsky, S. V., Avsic-Zupanc, T., Ballinger, M. J., Bente, D. A., Beer, M., Bergeron, E., Blair, C. D., Briese, T., Buchmeier, M. J., Burt, F. J., Calisher, C. H., Chang, C., Charrel, R. N., Choi, I. R., Clegg, J. C. S., de la Torre, J. C., de Lamballerie, X., Deng, F., Di Serio, F., Digiaro, M., Drebot, M. A., Duan, X., Ebihara, H., Elbeaino, T., Ergunay, K., Fulhorst, C. F., Garrison, A. R., Gao, G. F., Gonzalez, J. -P. J., Groschup, M. H., Gunther, S., Haenni, A. -L., Hall, R. A., Hepojoki, J., Hewson, R., Hu, Z., Hughes, H. R., Jonson, M. G., Junglen, S., Klempa, B., Klingstrom, J., Kou, C., Laenen, L., Lambert, A. J., Langevin, S. A., Liu, D., Lukashevich, I. S., Luo, T., Lu, C., Maes, P., de Souza, W. M., Marklewitz, M., Martelli, G. P., Matsuno, K., Mielke-Ehret, N., Minutolo, M., Mirazimi, A., Moming, A., Muhlbach, H. -P., Naidu, R., Navarro, B., Nunes, M. R. T., Palacios, G., Papa, A., Pauvolid-Correa, A., Paweska, J. T., Qiao, J., Radoshitzky, S. R., Resende, R. O., Romanowski, V., Sall, A. A., Salvato, M. S., Sasaya, T., Shen, S., Shi, X., Shirako, Y., Simmonds, P., Sironi, M., Song, J. -W., Spengler, J. R., Stenglein, M. D., Su, Z., Sun, S., Tang, S., Turina, M., Wang, B., Wang, C., Wang, H., Wang, J., Wei, T., Whitfield, A. E., Zerbini, F. M., Zhang, J., Zhang, L., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y. -Z., Zhou, X., Zhu, L., and Kuhn, J. H.

Subjects
GUAMA, SPOT-VIRUS, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biología, Bunyaviridae, DIVERSITY, cogovirus, COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE, Genome, Viral, bunyavirus, Biology, Bunyaviridae / classifica??o, Article, CAPIM, ICTV, 03 medical and health sciences, Virology, PHLEBOVIRUS, Bunyavirales, MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION, TOSPOVIRUS, Arenaviridae, Ratification, Phylogeny, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, IDENTIFICATION, 030306 microbiology, CHRYSANTHEMUM, Arenavirid, Arenavirus, General Medicine, Arbovirus / classifica??o, Genealogy, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Taxon, classification, Bunyavirad, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, RNA, Viral, Taxonomy (biology), 3111 Biomedicine, Bunyavirid
Abstract

In February 2019, following the annual taxon ratification vote, the order Bunyavirales was amended by creation of two new families, four new subfamilies, 11 new genera and 77 new species, merging of two species, and deletion of one species. This article presents the updated taxonomy of the order Bunyavirales now accepted by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV)., La lista completa de autores puede verse al final del archivo asociado., Instituto de Biotecnologia y Biologia Molecular

31. Metagenomic Nanopore Sequencing of Tickborne Pathogens, Mongolia.

Author

Ergunay K, Boldbaatar B, Bourke BP, Caicedo-Quiroga L, Tucker CL, Letizia AG, Cleary NG, Lilak AG, Nyamdavaa G, Tumenjargal S, von Fricken ME, and Linton YM

Subjects
Animals, Mongolia epidemiology, Phylogeny, Humans, Borrelia genetics, Borrelia isolation & purification, Borrelia classification, Hemorrhagic Fever Virus, Crimean-Congo genetics, Hemorrhagic Fever Virus, Crimean-Congo isolation & purification, Hemorrhagic Fever Virus, Crimean-Congo classification, Anaplasma genetics, Anaplasma isolation & purification, Babesia microti genetics, Babesia microti isolation & purification, Nairovirus genetics, Nairovirus isolation & purification, Nairovirus classification, Metagenome, Rickettsia genetics, Rickettsia isolation & purification, Rickettsia classification, Nanopore Sequencing methods, Metagenomics methods, Ticks virology, Ticks microbiology, Tick-Borne Diseases virology, Tick-Borne Diseases epidemiology, Tick-Borne Diseases microbiology
Abstract

We performed nanopore-based metagenomic screening on 885 ticks collected from 6 locations in Mongolia and divided the results into 68 samples: 23 individual samples and 45 pools of 2-12 tick samples each. We detected bacterial and parasitic pathogens Anaplasma ovis, Babesia microti, Coxiella burnetii, Borrelia miyamotoi, Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica and novicida, Spiroplasma ixodetis, Theileria equi, and Rickettsia spp., including R. raoultii, R. slovaca, and R. canadensis. We identified the viral pathogens Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (2.9%), recently described Alongshan virus (ALSV) (2.9%), and Beiji nairovirus (5.8%). We assembled ALSV genomes, and maximum-likelihood analyses revealed clustering with viruses reported in humans and ticks from China. For ALSV, we identified surface glycoprotein markers associated with isolates from Asia viruses hosted by Ixodes persulcatus ticks. We also detected 20 virus species of unknown public health impact, including a near-complete Yanggou tick virus genome. Our findings demonstrate that nanopore sequencing can aid in detecting endemic and emerging tickborne pathogens.

Published
2024
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32. Toscana virus - an emerging Mediterranean arbovirus transmitted by sand flies.

Author

Keskek Turk Y, Ergunay K, Kohl A, Hughes J, and McKimmie CS

Subjects
Animals, Humans, Mediterranean Region, Psychodidae virology, Phlebotomus virology, Communicable Diseases, Emerging virology, Communicable Diseases, Emerging transmission, Sandfly fever Naples virus, Insect Vectors virology, Bunyaviridae Infections transmission, Bunyaviridae Infections virology, Bunyaviridae Infections epidemiology
Abstract

Toscana virus (TOSV) is an emerging arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) of medical importance that is increasing its range across much of the Mediterranean Basin, Europe and the Middle East. Transmitted by Phlebotomus spp. sand flies, it is the most clinically relevant sand fly-borne phlebovirus. Initially isolated in the Tuscany region of Central Italy, it has now been detected in multiple countries that surround this geographical area. Infection of the vertebrate host can cause fever and neurological disease, following the dissemination of the virus to the brain. The prevalence is high in some regions, with a notable percentage of individuals showing seroconversion. TOSV can be a leading cause of acute meningitis and encephalitis (AME) during the summer months. In this comprehensive review, we will focus on several key topics. We discuss how TOSV has spread to establish outbreaks of infection in both humans and animals around the Mediterranean and the wider region. Clinical aspects of TOSV infection in humans are described, along with the best standards in diagnosis. Finally, we focus our discussion on the role of the sand fly vector, describing their biology, vector competency, implications for putative vertebrate reservoirs, the effect of the climate emergency on sand fly distribution and the putative role that sand fly-derived salivary factors may have on modulating host susceptibility to TOSV infection.

Published
2024
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33. Leveraging transcriptome sequence read archives for virus detection in wild and colony populations of triatomines (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae).

Author

Bourke BP, de Oliveira J, Ergunay K, and Linton YM

Subjects
Animals, Insect Viruses genetics, Insect Viruses classification, Insect Viruses isolation & purification, Triatoma virology, Phylogeny, Virome genetics, Chagas Disease transmission, Chagas Disease virology, Transcriptome, Insect Vectors virology, Triatominae virology
Abstract

Triatomines are infamous as vectors of the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease. However, climate-driven range expansion and urbanization adaptation of triatomine populations, coupled with their highly diverse feeding strategies (vertebrate haematophagy, kleptohaematophagy, and coprophagy), and has elevated interest in triatomines as potential arboviral vectors. Information on the triatomine virome is scant, with prior records including only eight insect-specific viruses: Triatoma virus (TrV) and Rhodnius prolixus viruses 1-7. Here, we leverage publicly available transcriptome datasets to assess viral diversity in 122 wild and colony kissing bugs representing eight species from six countries. In total, six viruses were detected (including Rhodnius prolixus viruses 4-6), and TrV was detected in almost half of all screened triatomines. This is the first report of TrV in Triatoma brasiliensis and in members of the genus Mepraia (M. gajardoi, M. spinolai, and M. parapatrica), and this effort has vastly expanded the publicly available genomic resources of TrV, adding 39 genome sequences to the single genome sequence currently available in the GenBank database. Furthermore, two additional viruses-Meccus longipennis virus 1 and Drosophila melanogaster Nora virus-are herein reported for the first time from kissing bugs. Meccus longipennis virus 1 was detected in Triatoma infestans from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Peru, and Drosophila melanogaster Nora virus was found in T. infestans from Argentina. Our results illustrate the advantage and utility of low-cost transcriptome data mining for the discovery of known and novel arboviruses in triatomines and other potential insect vectors., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Published
2024
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34. Novel clades of tick-borne pathogenic nairoviruses in Europe.

Author

Ergunay K, Bourke BP, Reinbold-Wasson DD, Caicedo-Quiroga L, Vaydayko N, Kirkitadze G, Chunashvili T, Tucker CL, and Linton YM

Subjects
Animals, Europe epidemiology, Ticks virology, Tick-Borne Diseases virology, Tick-Borne Diseases epidemiology, Humans, Phylogeny, Genome, Viral, Nairovirus genetics, Nairovirus classification
Abstract

Members of the Orthonairovirus genus (family Nairoviridae) include many tick-borne viruses of significant human and animal health impact, with several recently-documented pathogenic viruses lacking sufficient epidemiological information. We screened 215 adult ticks of seven species collected in Bulgaria, Georgia, Latvia and Poland for orthonairoviruses, followed by nanopore sequencing (NS) for genome characterization. Initial generic amplification revealed Sulina virus (SULV, Orthonairovirus sulinaense), for which an updated amplification assay was used, revealing an overall prevalence of 2.7% in Ixodes ricinus ticks from Latvia. Three complete and additional partial SULV genomes were generated, that consistently formed a separate, distinct clade with further intragroup divergence in the maximum likelihood analyses. Comparisons with previously described viruses from Romania exhibited similar genome topologies, albeit with divergent motifs and cleavage sites on the glycoprotein precursor. Preliminary evidence of recombination involving the S segment was documented, in addition to variations in predicted viral glycoproteins. Generic screening further identified Tacheng tick virus 1 (TCTV1, Orthonairovirus tachengense), with documented human infections, in Dermacentor reticulatus ticks from Poland, with a prevalence of 0.9%. Subsequent NS and assembly provided the first complete TCTV1 genome outside of China, where it was originally described. Phylogenetic analysis of virus genome segments revealed TCTV1-Poland as a discrete taxon within the TCTV1 cluster in the Orthonairovirus genus, representing a geographically segregated clade. Comparable genome topology with TCTV1 from China was observed, aside from minor variations in the M segment. Similar to SULV, TCTV1 exhibited several mismatches on previously described screening primer binding sites, likely to prevent amplification. These findings indicate presence of novel TCTV1 and SULV clades in Eastern Europe, confirming the expansion of orthonairoviruses with pathogenic potential., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2024
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35. Viral pathogen detection in U.S. game-farm mallard ( Anas platyrhynchos ) flags spillover risk to wild birds.

Author

Bourke BP, Dusek RJ, Ergunay K, Linton YM, and Drovetski SV

Abstract

The threat posed by emerging infectious diseases is a major concern for global public health, animal health and food security, and the role of birds in transmission is increasingly under scrutiny. Each year, millions of mass-reared game-farm birds are released into the wild, presenting a unique and a poorly understood risk to wild and susceptible bird populations, and to human health. In particular, the shedding of enteric pathogens through excrement into bodies of water at shared migratory stop-over sites, and breeding and wintering grounds, could facilitate multi-species long-distance pathogen dispersal and infection of high numbers of naive endemic birds annually. The Mallard ( Anas platyrhynchos ) is the most abundant of all duck species, migratory across much of its range, and an important game species for pen-rearing and release. Major recent population declines along the US Atlantic coast has been attributed to game-farm and wild mallard interbreeding and the introduction maladaptive traits into wild populations. However, pathogen transmission and zoonosis among game-farms Mallard may also impact these populations, as well as wildlife and human health. Here, we screened 16 game-farm Mallard from Wisconsin, United States, for enteric viral pathogens using metatranscriptomic data. Four families of viral pathogens were identified - Picobirnaviridae (Genogroup I), Caliciviridae (Duck Nacovirus ), Picornaviridae (Duck Aalivirus ) and Sedoreoviridae (Duck Rotavirus G). To our knowledge, this is the first report of Aalivirus in the Americas, and the first report of Calicivirus outside domestic chicken and turkey flocks in the United States. Our findings highlight the risk of viral pathogen spillover from peri-domestically reared game birds to naive wild bird populations., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Bourke, Dusek, Ergunay, Linton and Drovetski.)

Published
2024
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36. Nanopore-based metagenomics reveal a new Rickettsia in Europe.

Author

Polsomboon Nelson S, Ergunay K, Bourke BP, Reinbold-Wasson DD, Caicedo-Quiroga L, Kirkitadze G, Chunashvili T, Tucker CL, and Linton YM

Subjects
Animals, Europe, Nanopores, Rickettsia genetics, Ixodes microbiology, Rickettsia Infections epidemiology, Rickettsia Infections microbiology
Abstract

Accurate identification of tick-borne bacteria, including those associated with rickettsioses, pose significant challenges due to the polymicrobial and polyvectoral nature of the infections. We aimed to carry out a comparative evaluation of a non-targeted metagenomic approach by nanopore sequencing (NS) and commonly used PCR assays amplifying Rickettsia genes in field-collected ticks. The study included a total of 310 ticks, originating from Poland (44.2 %) and Bulgaria (55.8 %). Samples comprised 7 species, the majority of which were Ixodes ricinus (62.9 %), followed by Dermacentor reticulatus (21.2 %). Screening was carried out in 55 pools, using total nucleic acid extractions from individual ticks. NS and ompA/gltA PCRs identified Rickettsia species in 47.3 % and 54.5 % of the pools, respectively. The most frequently detected species were Rickettsia asiatica (27.2 %) and Rickettsia raoultii (21.8 %), followed by Rickettsia monacensis (3.6 %), Rickettsia helvetica (1.8 %), Rickettsia massiliae (1.8 %) and Rickettsia tillamookensis (1.8 %). Phylogeny construction on mutS, uvrD, argS and virB4 sequences and a follow-up deep sequencing further supported R. asiatica identification, documented in Europe for the first time. NS further enabled detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum (9.1 %), Coxiella burnetii (5.4 %) and Neoehrlichia mikurensis (1.8 %), as well as various endosymbionts of Rickettsia and Coxiella. Co-detection of multiple rickettsial and non-rickettsial bacteria were observed in 16.4 % of the pools with chromosome and plasmid-based contigs. In conclusion, non-targeted metagenomic sequencing was documented as a robust strategy capable of providing a broader view of the tick-borne bacterial pathogen spectrum., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest None, (Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier GmbH.. All rights reserved.)

Published
2024
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37. Vector-borne pathogen surveillance in a metagenomic world.

Author

Ergunay K, Bourke BP, Achee N, Jiang L, Grieco J, and Linton YM

Abstract

Competing Interests: I have read the journal’s policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: This manuscript was prepared whilst KE and BPB held a National Research Council (NRC) Research Associateship Awards at the Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit (WRBU), through the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, USA.

Published
2024
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38. The expanding range of emerging tick-borne viruses in Eastern Europe and the Black Sea Region.

Author

Ergunay K, Bourke BP, Reinbold-Wasson DD, Nikolich MP, Nelson SP, Caicedo-Quiroga L, Vaydayko N, Kirkitadze G, Chunashvili T, Long LS, Blackburn JK, Cleary NG, Tucker CL, and Linton YM

Subjects
Animals, Black Sea, Europe, Eastern, Phylogeny, Ixodes, Ticks, Viruses genetics
Abstract

We analysed both pooled and individual tick samples collected from four countries in Eastern Europe and the Black Sea region, using metagenome-based nanopore sequencing (NS) and targeted amplification. Initially, 1337 ticks, belonging to 11 species, were screened in 217 pools. Viruses (21 taxa) and human pathogens were detected in 46.5% and 7.3%, respectively. Tick-borne viral pathogens comprised Tacheng Tick Virus 2 (TTV2, 5.9%), Jingmen Tick Virus (JMTV, 0.9%) and Tacheng Tick Virus 1 (TTV1, 0.4%). An association of tick species with individual virus taxa was observed, with the exception of TTV2, which was observed in both Dermacentor and Haemaphysalis species. Individual ticks from pools with pathogen detection were then further screened by targeted amplification and then NS, which provided extensive genome data and revealed probable pathogen Haseki Tick Virus (HTV, 10.2%). Two distinct TTV2 clades were observed in phylogenetic analysis, one of which included closely related Dermacentor reticulatus Uukuviruses. JMTV detection indicated integrated virus sequences. Overall, we observed an expansion of newly documented pathogenic tick-borne viruses into Europe, with TTV1 being identified on the continent for the first time. These viruses should be included in the diagnostic assessment of symptomatic cases associated with tick bites and vector surveillance efforts. NS is shown as a useful tool for monitoring tick-associated pathogens in pooled or individual samples., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Published
2023
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39. Impact of nanopore-based metagenome sequencing on tick-borne virus detection.

Author

Ergunay K, Dincer E, Justi SA, Bourke BP, Nelson SP, Liao HM, Timurkan MO, Oguz B, Sahindokuyucu I, Gokcecik OF, Reinbold-Wasson DD, Jiang L, Achee NL, Grieco JP, and Linton YM

Abstract

Introduction: We evaluated metagenomic nanopore sequencing (NS) in field-collected ticks and compared findings from amplification-based assays., Methods: Forty tick pools collected in Anatolia, Turkey and screened by broad-range or nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus (CCHFV) and Jingmen tick virus (JMTV) were subjected to NS using a standard, cDNA-based metagenome approach., Results: Eleven viruses from seven genera/species were identified. Miviruses Bole tick virus 3 and Xinjiang mivirus 1 were detected in 82.5 and 2.5% of the pools, respectively. Tick phleboviruses were present in 60% of the pools, with four distinct viral variants. JMTV was identified in 60% of the pools, where only 22.5% were PCR-positive. CCHFV sequences characterized as Aigai virus were detected in 50%, where only 15% were detected by PCR. NS produced a statistically significant increase in detection of these viruses. No correlation of total virus, specific virus, or targeted segment read counts was observed between PCR-positive and PCR-negative samples. NS further enabled the initial description of Quaranjavirus sequences in ticks, where human and avian pathogenicity of particular isolates had been previously documented., Discussion: NS was observed to surpass broad-range and nested amplification in detection and to generate sufficient genome-wide data for investigating virus diversity. It can be employed for monitoring pathogens in tick vectors or human/animal clinical samples in hot-spot regions for examining zoonotic spillover., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Ergunay, Dincer, Justi, Bourke, Nelson, Liao, Timurkan, Oguz, Sahindokuyucu, Gokcecik, Reinbold-Wasson, Jiang, Achee, Grieco and Linton.)

Published
2023
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40. A Novel Coronavirus and a Broad Range of Viruses in Kenyan Cave Bats.

Author

Kamau J, Ergunay K, Webala PW, Justi SA, Bourke BP, Kamau MW, Hassell J, Chege MN, Mwaura DK, Simiyu C, Kibiwot S, Onyuok S, Caicedo-Quiroga L, Li T, Zimmerman DM, and Linton YM

Subjects
Animals, Kenya epidemiology, Phylogeny, Retroviridae, SARS-CoV-2, Alphacoronavirus, Astroviridae genetics, Chiroptera, COVID-19, Herpesviridae, RNA Viruses genetics
Abstract

Background and Methods: To investigate virus diversity in hot zones of probable pathogen spillover, 54 oral-fecal swabs were processed from five bat species collected from three cave systems in Kenya, using metagenome sequencing., Results: Viruses belonging to the Astroviridae , Circoviridae , Coronaviridae , Dicistroviridae , Herpesviridae and Retroviridae were detected, with unclassified viruses. Retroviral sequences were prevalent; 74.1% of all samples were positive, with distinct correlations between virus, site and host bat species. Detected retroviruses comprised Myotis myotis , Myotis ricketti , Myotis daubentonii and Galidia endogenous retroviruses, murine leukemia virus-related virus and Rhinolophus ferrumequinum retrovirus (RFRV). A near-complete genome of a local RFRV strain with identical genome organization and 2.8% nucleotide divergence from the prototype isolate was characterized. Bat coronavirus sequences were detected with a prevalence of 24.1%, where analyses on the ORF1ab region revealed a novel alphacoronavirus lineage. Astrovirus sequences were detected in 25.9%of all samples, with considerable diversity. In 9.2% of the samples, other viruses including Actinidia yellowing virus 2, bat betaherpesvirus, Bole tick virus 4, Cyclovirus and Rhopalosiphum padi virus were identified., Conclusions: Further monitoring of bats across Kenya is essential to facilitate early recognition of possibly emergent zoonotic viruses.

Published
2022
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41. Investigation of Dientamoeba fragilis and Blastocystis in patients from Turkey with ulcerative colitis and irritable bowel syndrome: Any relation with genotypes?

Author

Unalan-Altintop T, Vahabov C, Ergunay K, Kurt O, Kav T, Akyon Y, and Erguven S

Subjects
Adult, Blastocystis, Dientamoeba, Feces parasitology, Genotype, Humans, Peptide Hydrolases genetics, Turkey epidemiology, Blastocystis Infections epidemiology, Colitis, Ulcerative epidemiology, Colitis, Ulcerative parasitology, Dientamoebiasis epidemiology, Irritable Bowel Syndrome epidemiology, Irritable Bowel Syndrome parasitology
Abstract

Blastocystis sp. and Dientamoeba fragilis are two most common protists worldwide, whose pathogenic potentials are a matter of debate since their discovery. This study aims to investigate the relationship between the activation of ulcerative colitis (UC) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) with these protists. A total of 100 patients (35 IBS, 35 active UC, and 30 remittent UC), diagnosed at Hacettepe University Adult Hospital (Ankara, Turkey), were screened for D. fragilis and Blastocystis sp. with microscopic examination using the methods of wet mount, trichrome staining, conventional PCR, nested PCR, real-time PCR and genotyping. Eight patients (4 IBS, 2 active, and 2 remittent UC patients) were found to be D. fragilis positive. 18S rRNA region of the parasite was amplified in four of the patients, whereas cathepsin L-like cysteine peptidase; clan Sc, family S9, serine peptidase; and clan MH, family M20 metallopeptidase in six different patients. All isolates were Genotype 1. Sequence results showed very limited diversity. A total of nine patients (3 IBS, 5 active UC, 1 remittent UC) were found to be positive for Blastocystis sp., all of which were Subtype 3. One active UC and one IBS patient were found to be positive for both parasites. No statistically significant difference was detected between the patient groups in means of parasite detection. D. fragilis was found to be related to older age (p=0,045). In our study, no significant correlation was identified between D. fragilis and Blastocystis sp., and the activation of UC and IBS. More studies are needed on the host-parasite relationship, including the role of gut microbiota, together with transcriptomic and metabolomic assessments to unveil the pathogenicity of both protists., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2022
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42. Metagenomic Investigation of Ticks From Kenyan Wildlife Reveals Diverse Microbial Pathogens and New Country Pathogen Records.

Author

Ergunay K, Mutinda M, Bourke B, Justi SA, Caicedo-Quiroga L, Kamau J, Mutura S, Akunda IK, Cook E, Gakuya F, Omondi P, Murray S, Zimmerman D, and Linton YM

Abstract

Focusing on the utility of ticks as xenosurveillance sentinels to expose circulating pathogens in Kenyan drylands, host-feeding ticks collected from wild ungulates [buffaloes, elephants, giraffes, hartebeest, impala, rhinoceros (black and white), zebras (Grévy's and plains)], carnivores (leopards, lions, spotted hyenas, wild dogs), as well as regular domestic and Boran cattle were screened for pathogens using metagenomics. A total of 75 host-feeding ticks [ Rhipicephalus (97.3%) and Amblyomma (2.7%)] collected from 15 vertebrate taxa were sequenced in 46 pools. Fifty-six pathogenic bacterial species were detected in 35 pools analyzed for pathogens and relative abundances of major phyla. The most frequently observed species was Escherichia coli (62.8%), followed by Proteus mirabilis (48.5%) and Coxiella burnetii (45.7%). Francisella tularemia and Jingmen tick virus (JMTV) were detected in 14.2 and 13% of the pools, respectively, in ticks collected from wild animals and cattle. This is one of the first reports of JMTV in Kenya, and phylogenetic reconstruction revealed significant divergence from previously known isolates and related viruses. Eight fungal species with human pathogenicity were detected in 5 pools (10.8%). The vector-borne filarial pathogens ( Brugia malayi, Dirofilaria immitis, Loa loa ), protozoa ( Plasmodium spp., Trypanosoma cruzi ), and environmental and water-/food-borne pathogens ( Entamoeba histolytica, Encephalitozoon intestinalis, Naegleria fowleri, Schistosoma spp., Toxoplasma gondii , and Trichinella spiralis ) were detected. Documented viruses included human mastadenovirus C, Epstein-Barr virus and bovine herpesvirus 5, Trinbago virus, and Guarapuava tymovirus-like virus 1. Our findings confirmed that host-feeding ticks are an efficient sentinel for xenosurveillance and demonstrate clear potential for wildlife-livestock-human pathogen transfer in the Kenyan landscape., Competing Interests: MM was employed by Kenya Wildlife Services Corporation. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Ergunay, Mutinda, Bourke, Justi, Caicedo-Quiroga, Kamau, Mutura, Akunda, Cook, Gakuya, Omondi, Murray, Zimmerman and Linton.)

Published
2022
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43. Insights into the virologic and immunologic features of SARS-COV-2.

Author

Polat C and Ergunay K

Abstract

The host immunity is crucial in determining the clinical course and prognosis of coronavirus disease 2019, where some systemic and severe manifestations are associated with excessive or suboptimal responses. Several antigenic epitopes in spike, nucleocapsid and membrane proteins of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 are targeted by the immune system, and a robust response with innate and adaptive components develops in infected individuals. High titer neutralizing antibodies and a balanced T cell response appears to constitute the optimal immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, where innate and mucosal defenses also contribute significantly. Following exposure, immunological memory seems to develop and be maintained for substantial periods. Here, we provide an overview of the main aspects in antiviral immunity involving innate and adaptive responses with insights into virus structure, individual variations pertaining to disease severity as well as long-term protective immunity expected to be attained by vaccination., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest., (©The Author(s) 2021. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2021
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44. Gut Microbiota and Oral Contraceptive Use in Overweight and Obese Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

Author

Eyupoglu ND, Ergunay K, Acikgoz A, Akyon Y, Yilmaz E, and Yildiz BO

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Case-Control Studies, Female, Humans, Obesity complications, Overweight complications, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome complications, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome drug therapy, Prospective Studies, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S analysis, Turkey epidemiology, Young Adult, Contraceptives, Oral therapeutic use, Gastrointestinal Microbiome genetics, Obesity epidemiology, Overweight epidemiology, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome epidemiology
Abstract

Context: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common and complex endocrine disorder. Emerging animal and human data point to various changes in microbiota that could be linked with the syndrome. However, the effects of therapeutic approaches on gut microbial composition in women with PCOS remain unknown., Objective: We aimed to assess whether gut microbial composition is altered in PCOS and to determine the potential impact of oral contraceptive (OC) use on gut microbiota., Design: Prospective observational study., Setting: Tertiary referral hospital., Patients and Other Participants: The study included 17 overweight/obese patients with PCOS and 15 age- and body mass index-matched healthy control women., Main Outcome Measures: At baseline, clinical, hormonal, and metabolic evaluations and gut microbial composition assessment by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing were performed for both groups. All measurements were repeated in patients after receiving an OC along with general lifestyle advice for 3 months., Results: Alpha and beta diversity did not show a difference between patients with PCOS and healthy controls at baseline and remained unaltered after 3 months of OC use in the PCOS group. Relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae was higher in PCOS (P = 0.006) and did not show a significant change after treatment., Conclusion: Women with PCOS have an increased abundance of Ruminococcaceae, whereas short-term OC use does not alter compositional features of gut microbiota in the syndrome., (© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Endocrine Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Published
2020
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45. Multi-assay investigation of viral etiology in pediatric central nervous system infections.

Author

Altay-Kocak A, Bozdayi G, Michel J, Polat M, Kanik-Yuksek S, Tezer H, Ozkul A, Ahmed K, Nitsche A, and Ergunay K

Subjects
Adolescent, Central Nervous System Infections cerebrospinal fluid, Central Nervous System Infections diagnosis, Child, Child, Preschool, Enterovirus Infections cerebrospinal fluid, Enterovirus Infections virology, Female, Herpesviridae Infections cerebrospinal fluid, Herpesviridae Infections virology, Hospitals, Pediatric statistics & numerical data, Humans, Infant, Male, Molecular Diagnostic Techniques classification, Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction, Virus Diseases cerebrospinal fluid, Virus Diseases classification, Virus Diseases diagnosis, Viruses classification, Viruses pathogenicity, Central Nervous System Infections etiology, Central Nervous System Infections virology, Molecular Diagnostic Techniques methods, Virus Diseases etiology, Viruses genetics
Abstract

Introduction: In an attempt to identify a wide spectrum of viral infections, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens were collected from pediatric cases with the preliminary diagnosis of viral encephalitis/meningoencephalitis in two reference hospitals, from October 2011 to December 2015., Methodology: A combination of nucleic acid-based assays, including in house generic polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for enteroviruses, flaviviruses and phleboviruses, a commercial real-time PCR assay for herpesviruses and a commercial real time multiplex PCR, enabling detection of frequently-observed viral, bacterial and fungal agents were employed for screening., Results: The microbial agent could be characterized in 10 (10%) of the 100 specimens. Viral etiology could be demonstrated in 7 (70%) specimens, which comprises Human Herpesvirus 6 (4/7), Herpes Simplex virus type1 (2/7) and Enteroviruses (1/7). In 3 specimens (30%), Streptococcus pneumoniae, Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus were detected via the multiplex PCR, which were also isolated in bacteriological media. All specimens with detectable viral nucleic acids, as well as unreactive specimens via nucleic acid testing remained negative in bacteriological cultures., Conclusions: Herpes and enteroviruses were identified as the primary causative agents of central nervous system infections in children. Enterovirus testing must be included in the diagnostic work-up of relevant cases., Competing Interests: No Conflict of Interest is declared, (Copyright (c) 2020 Aylin Altay-Kocak, Gulendam Bozdayi, Janine Michel , Meltem Polat, Saliha Kanik-Yuksek , Hasan Tezer, Aykut Ozkul, Kamruddin Ahmed, Andreas Nitsche, Koray Ergunay.)

Published
2020
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46. Effects of Regular Kefir Consumption on Gut Microbiota in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome: A Parallel-Group, Randomized, Controlled Study.

Author

Bellikci-Koyu E, Sarer-Yurekli BP, Akyon Y, Aydin-Kose F, Karagozlu C, Ozgen AG, Brinkmann A, Nitsche A, Ergunay K, Yilmaz E, and Buyuktuncer Z

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Blood Glucose, Body Weight, Female, Humans, Lipids blood, Male, Middle Aged, Phylogeny, Young Adult, Gastrointestinal Microbiome drug effects, Kefir, Metabolic Syndrome diet therapy
Abstract

Several health-promoting effects of kefir have been suggested, however, there is limited evidence for its potential effect on gut microbiota in metabolic syndrome This study aimed to investigate the effects of regular kefir consumption on gut microbiota composition, and their relation with the components of metabolic syndrome. In a parallel-group, randomized, controlled clinical trial setting, patients with metabolic syndrome were randomized to receive 180 mL/day kefir ( n = 12) or unfermented milk ( n = 10) for 12 weeks. Anthropometrical measurements, blood samples, blood pressure measurements, and fecal samples were taken at the beginning and end of the study. Fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure showed a significant decrease by the intervention of kefir ( p ≤ 0.05, for each). However, no significant difference was obtained between the kefir and unfermented milk groups ( p > 0.05 for each). Gut microbiota analysis showed that regular kefir consumption resulted in a significant increase only in the relative abundance of Actinobacteria ( p = 0.023). No significant change in the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria or Verrucomicrobia by kefir consumption was obtained. Furthermore, the changes in the relative abundance of sub-phylum bacterial populations did not differ significantly between the groups ( p > 0.05, for each). Kefir supplementation had favorable effects on some of the metabolic syndrome parameters, however, further investigation is needed to understand its effect on gut microbiota composition.

Published
2019
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47. A Snapshot Avian Surveillance Reveals West Nile Virus and Evidence of Wild Birds Participating in Toscana Virus Circulation.

Author

Hacioglu S, Dincer E, Isler CT, Karapinar Z, Ataseven VS, Ozkul A, and Ergunay K

Subjects
Animal Migration, Animals, Animals, Wild, Bird Diseases epidemiology, Birds, Bunyaviridae Infections epidemiology, Bunyaviridae Infections virology, Phylogeny, Sandfly fever Naples virus genetics, Turkey epidemiology, West Nile Fever epidemiology, West Nile Fever virology, West Nile virus genetics, Zoonoses, Bird Diseases virology, Bunyaviridae Infections veterinary, Sandfly fever Naples virus isolation & purification, West Nile Fever veterinary, West Nile virus isolation & purification
Abstract

Introduction: Birds are involved in the epidemiology of several vector-borne viruses, as amplification hosts for viruses, dissemination vehicles for the vectors, and sources of emerging strains in cross-species transmission. Turkey provides diverse habitats for a variety of wild birds and is located along major bird migration routes. This study was undertaken to provide a cross-sectional screening of avian specimens for a spectrum of vector-borne viruses., Materials and Methods: The specimens were collected in Hatay province, in the Mediterranean coast of the Anatolian peninsula, located in the convergence zone of the known migration routes. Generic PCR assays were used for the detection of members of Nairovirus, Flavivirus, and Phlebovirus genera of Flaviviridae and Bunyaviridae families. The circulating viruses were characterized via sequencing and selected specimens were inoculated onto Vero cell lines for virus isolation., Results and Discussion: Specimens from 72 wild birds belonging in 8 orders and 14 species were collected. A total of 158 specimens that comprise 32 sera (20.3%) from 7 species and 126 tissues (79.7%) from 14 species were screened. Eight specimens (8/158, 5%), obtained from 4 individuals (4/72, 5.5%), were positive. West Nile virus (WNV) lineage 1 sequences were characterized in the spleen, heart, and kidney tissues from a lesser spotted eagle (Clanga pomarina), which distinctly clustered from sequences previously identified in Turkey. Toscana virus (TOSV) genotype A and B sequences were identified in brain and kidney tissues from a greater flamingo (Phoenicopterus roseus), a great white pelican (Pelecanus onocrotalus), and a black stork (Ciconia nigra), without successful virus isolation. Partial amino acid sequences of the viral nucleocapsid protein revealed previously unreported substitutions. This study documents the involvement of avians in WNV dispersion in Anatolia as well in TOSV life cycle.

Published
2017
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48. Novel and emergent sandfly-borne phleboviruses in Asia Minor: a systematic review.

Author

Ergunay K, Ayhan N, and Charrel RN

Subjects
Animals, Asia epidemiology, Humans, Psychodidae growth & development, Vertebrates, Phlebotomus Fever epidemiology, Phlebotomus Fever veterinary, Phlebovirus classification, Phlebovirus isolation & purification, Psychodidae virology
Abstract

Sandfly-transmitted phleboviruses are globally spread agents causing febrile diseases and central nervous system infections. The activity of pathogenic phleboviruses, as well as several novel strains, has been reported from Turkey, a transboundary country connecting Asia, Europe, and Africa with suitable habitats for sandflies. This study overviews all published data on phleboviruses from Turkey and evaluates the impact from the virological, epidemiological, and public health perspectives. A systematic review of Web-based global and local resources was performed. Comparison and phylogenetic analyses of particular phlebovirus sequences were also undertaken. Through the evaluation of 1693 international and regional entries, 31 manuscripts providing data on case reports or outbreaks, serological surveillance, animal infections and exposure, virus characterization, vector surveillance, and/or diagnostics were accessed. Detailed information on 5 novel phleboviruses completely or partially characterized during 2008-2015 as well as on clinical and epidemiological features of major phleboviruses established as human pathogens such as Toscana virus and sandfly fever Sicilian virus has been compiled. The ongoing activity of these agents, as indicated by consistently reported symptomatic cases and confirmed exposure in vertebrates including humans, was noted. The circulation in the Anatolian peninsula of phleboviruses with surprising diversity as well as distinct virus species is documented. Specific phlebovirus strains constitute a public health threat for local populations and travelers and must be considered in the diagnostic workup of clinically compatible cases. Human health impact and epidemiological aspects of certain viruses require further investigation via intensive surveillance., (Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)

Published
2017
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49. MicroRNA expression profiles in patients with acute Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever reveal possible adjustments to cellular pathways.

Author

Demir ZC, Bastug A, Bodur H, Ergunay K, and Ozkul A

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Female, Humans, Leukocytes, Mononuclear immunology, Male, Middle Aged, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Young Adult, Gene Expression Profiling, Hemorrhagic Fever, Crimean immunology, Hemorrhagic Fever, Crimean pathology, Host-Pathogen Interactions, MicroRNAs analysis
Abstract

Several viral diseases are associated with altered microRNA (miRNA) expression, which can provide vital information about how cellular pathways respond to infection. However, the miRNA profile of Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHFV) infections are not known. To address this gap, we performed real-time PCR-based miRNA analysis in individuals with acute Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHFV) infections, with the goal of identifying pathways that might be associated with this disease. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were analysed in eight individuals with detectable viral RNA and compared to five healthy subjects. A total of 106 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified, of which 19 miRNAs were either fivefold prominently up- or down-regulation. Several miRNAs associated with cytokine expression, some of which were previously associated with Dengue and Hantavirus infections were revealed. Moreover, possible mechanisms related to secretion of adhesion molecules and viral escape from innate immunity were identified. Pathway enrichment analyses further revealed the putative involvement of TNF-alfa, TGF-beta, MAPK, WNT, and neurotrophin signaling pathways in disease pathogenesis. J. Med. Virol. 89:417-422, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., (© 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Published
2017
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50. Practical Guidelines for Studies on Sandfly-Borne Phleboviruses: Part I: Important Points to Consider Ante Field Work.

Author

Ayhan N, Baklouti A, Prudhomme J, Walder G, Amaro F, Alten B, Moutailler S, Ergunay K, Charrel RN, and Huemer H

Subjects
Animal Distribution, Animals, Phlebovirus genetics, Phylogeny, Research Design, Insect Vectors virology, Phlebovirus physiology, Psychodidae virology
Abstract

The purpose of this review is to provide practical information to help researchers intending to perform "from field to laboratory" studies on phleboviruses transmitted by sandflies. This guideline addresses the different steps to be considered starting from the field collection of sandflies to the laboratory techniques aiming at the detection, isolation, and characterization of sandfly-borne phleboviruses. In this guideline article, we address the impact of various types of data for an optimal organization of the field work intending to collect wildlife sandflies for subsequent virology studies. Analysis of different data sets should result in the geographic positioning of the trapping stations. The overall planning, the equipment and tools needed, the manpower to be deployed, and the logistics to be anticipated and set up should be organized according to the objectives of the field study for optimal efficiency.

Published
2017
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