5 results on '"Eren-Ghiani, Zeynep"'
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2. Analysis of Chromatin Dynamics During Drosophila Spermatogenesis
- Author
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Hundertmark, Tim, primary, Theofel, Ina, additional, Eren-Ghiani, Zeynep, additional, Miller, David, additional, and Rathke, Christina, additional
- Published
- 2017
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3. Stage-specific testes proteomics of Drosophila melanogaster identifies essential proteins for male fertility
- Author
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Gaertner, Stefanie M. K., Hundertmark, Tim, Nolte, Hendrik, Theofel, Ina, Eren-Ghiani, Zeynep, Tetzner, Carolin, Duchow, Timothy B., Rathke, Christina, Krueger, Marcus, Renkawitz-Pohl, Renate, Gaertner, Stefanie M. K., Hundertmark, Tim, Nolte, Hendrik, Theofel, Ina, Eren-Ghiani, Zeynep, Tetzner, Carolin, Duchow, Timothy B., Rathke, Christina, Krueger, Marcus, and Renkawitz-Pohl, Renate
- Abstract
Spermiogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster is a highly conserved process and essential for male fertility. In this haploid phase of spermatogenesis, motile sperm are assembled from round cells, and flagella and needle-shaped nuclei with highly compacted genomes are formed. As transcription takes place mainly in spermatocytes and transcripts relevant for post-meiotic sperm development are translationally repressed for days, we comparatively analysed the proteome of larval testes (only germ cell stages before meiotic divisions), testes of 1-2-day-old pupae (germ cell stages before meiotic divisions, meiotic and early spermatid stages) and adult flies (germ cell stages before meiotic divisions, meiotic and early spermatid stages, late spermatids and sperm). We identified 6,171 proteins; 61 proteins were detected solely in one stage and are thus enriched, namely 34 in larval testes, 77 in pupal testes and 214 in adult testes. To substantiate our mass spectrometric data, we analysed the stage-specific synthesis and importance for male fertility of a number of uncharacterized proteins. For example, Mst84B (gene CG1988), a very basic cysteine- and lysine-rich nuclear protein and was present in the transition phase from a histone-based to a protamine-based chromatin structure. CG6332 encodes d-Theg, which is related to the mouse tHEG and human THEG proteins. Mutants of d-Theg were sterile due to the lack of sperm in the seminal vesicles. Our catalogue of proteins of the different stages of testis development in D. melanogaster will pave the road for future analyses of spermatogenesis.
- Published
- 2019
4. Prtl99C Acts Together with Protamines and Safeguards Male Fertility in Drosophila
- Author
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Eren-Ghiani, Zeynep, Rathke, Christina, Theofel, Ina, and Renkawitz-Pohl, Renate
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
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5. More than protamines: Identification of further sperm proteins from which Prtl99C is essential for male fertility and full chromatin compaction in Drosophila melanogaster
- Author
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Eren Ghiani, Zeynep
- Subjects
Drosophila melanogaster ,Biowissenschaften, Biologie ,Chromatinkompaktierung ,chromatin ,Protamine ,Histone-to-protamine switch ,Taufliege ,Life sciences ,male infertility - Abstract
Spermatogenesis is a highly conserved process that can be divided into three stages: pre-meiosis, meiosis and post-meiosis. At the end of the post-meiotic stage of spermatogenesis, a protamine rich spermatozoon is formed from a histone rich spermatid with round nucleus. During this stage, the chromatin is highly packed and the volume of the nucleus is remarkably reduced. Therefore, it is expectable that the poor packed chromatin within the sperm nuclei cannot protect the DNA properly against chemical and physical damage, potentially leading to mutations and infertility problems. In Drosophila, during the replacement process of histones by protamines several high mobility group-box (HMG-box) containing proteins are expressed. Our group previously identified Drosophila protamines being not essential for fertility in contrast to those of mice which cause sterility already in haplo-insufficiency. In both organisms, the compaction of the genome is very efficient despite of the mutated protamine genes. On the basis of these findings, we hypothesized that other proteins may act in functional redundancy or in an additive manner with protamines. For this reason, we searched for additional HMG-box-containing proteins which might play a role during chromatin condensation. We identified Prtl99C specifically expressed in male germ cells. We demonstrated with transgenic flies and with an antibody against Prtl99C that the protein persists until the mature sperm. Analysis of homozygous Prtl99C-ΔC sperm showed longer nuclei, indicating that the C-terminal region is required for chromatin compaction moreover affects male fertility. Knockdown of Prtl99C via RNA interference (RNAi) led also to elongation of the sperm nucleus region by about 35% yet the fertility was highly reduced. Whereas loss of protamines led to an 8% longer nucleus, deletion of both protamines and Prtl99C, led to an elongation of the sperm nucleus by 47%. Based on these findings, we proposed that many chromatin-binding proteins have a function in chromatin reorganization during spermatogenesis in favor of building a compacted male genome. The actual work presents for the first time a Drosophila sperm chromatin component that is essential for male fertility. The insights obtained from this study can help to understand in particular the condensation of the sperm genome carried out by several basic proteins. Lastly, we analyzed a comparative proteome approach to find more basic protein and identified a homolog to mammalian THEG as likely being essential for male fertility Drosophila., Bei der Spermatogenese handelt es sich um den konservierten Prozess der männlichen Keimzellentwicklung, welcher im Wesentlichen aus drei Stadien besteht: prae-meiotische, meiotische und post-meiotische Stadien.,Nach der Meiose entwickelt sich aus einer Histon-reichen runden haploiden Spermatidenkern der Protamin-haltige Kern des nadelförmiger Spermium-.In dieser Phase wird das Chromatin neu organisiert und das Volumen des Nukleus dramatisch reduziert. Die Kompaktierung der DNA durch spezielle Chromatinkomponenten dient dem Schutz des väterlichen Erbguts gegen chemische und physikalische Schäden, um Mutationen und Fertilitätsdefekte zu verhindern. In Drosophila, wird der Austausch von Histonen zu Protaminen von der Expression weiterer HMG (high mobility group)-Box haltiger Proteine begleitet. Im Gegensatz zu Maus, führt ein Verlust der Protamine in Drosophila nicht zu Sterilität. Trotz Mutationen in den Protamin-Genen, findet jedoch in beiden Organismen eine effiziente Kompaktierung des väterlichen Genoms statt. Aufgrund dieser Kenntnisse wurde angenommen, dass neben den Protaminen noch weitere HMG-box-haltige Proteine an der Chromatin Kondensation beteiligt sein müssen. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde das Protein Prtl99C identifiziert und charakterisiert, welches eine HMG-Box Domäne besitzt und spezifisch im späten Spermatiden exprimiert wird. Mittels einem GFP-gekoppelten Fusionsprotein, sowie einem Prtl99C-spezifischen Antikörper konnte das Protein in den reifen Spermienkernen detektiert werden. Analysen homozygoter Prtl99C-ΔC Mutanten zeigen verlängerte Spermienkerne und reduzierte Fertilität, demnach scheint der C-terminale Bereich von Prtl99C notwendig für die Chromatin_Kompaktierung zu sein. RNAi vermittelter Knock-down von Prtl99C führt ebenfalls zu einer Verlängerung der Spermienkerne bis zu 35% und einer reduzierten Fertilität. Während der Verlust der Protamine nur zu um 8% längeren Kernen führt, elongieren die Kerne bei Verlust von Protaminen und Prtl99C um bis zu 47%. Aufgrund dieser Ergebnisse wird postuliert, das während der Spermatogenese viele Chromatin-assoziierende Proteine eine Funktion in der Chromatin-Reorganisation ausüben, um ein kompaktes männliches Genom zu bilden. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde zum ersten Mal eine Chromatinkomponente des reifen Drosophila Spermiums beschrieben, welche essentiell für die männliche Fertilität ist. Die hier erzielten Erkenntnisse helfen, den Prozess der Kondensation des Spermiengenoms durch verschiedene in additiver Weise wirkende basische Proteine besser zu verstehen. Zusätzlich wurde durch Analysen vorhandener Testis Proteom Daten ein weiteres basisches Protein identifiziert, welches ein Homolog zu dem Mammalia THEG Protein darstellt und ebenso essentiell für die Fertilität von Drosophila sein könnte.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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