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The article presents the results of a study of the enzymatic hydrolysis of barley malt sprouts by cellulolytic enzymes. The influence of the process parameters (temperature, substrate concentration, concentration of the enzyme preparation, duration of the process) on the output of dry substances in the hydrolysate is shown. The results of the experiments were presented by a mathematical model of the process and graphically-in the form of surface projections reflecting the mutual influence of each possible pair of factors on the dry matter content in the hydrolysate. It is found that all the studied factors have an effect on the accumulation of dry substances in the hydrolysate. As a result of optimization the parameters of the enzymatic hydrolysis process, the following parameter values were obtained: temperature - 50 ˚С, duration of enzymatic hydrolysis-89 min, substrate concentration - 0.37 (hydromodule 1:10), concentration of the enzyme preparation - 0.05 %.

A challenging problem of modern surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) analysis is related to the design of new composite materials with bioprotective properties providing either a reproducible signal of small quantities or intactness of protein molecules. A new way of modification of silver-based SERS-active substrates with polymer materials is proposed here to achieve large enhancement factors of SERS signals for hemoproteins. It is found that the factors grow in the order: chitosan < bare silver < alginic acid sodium salt ≤ polyacrylic acid. This demonstrates an important role of the polymer origin and its charge state in the retention of protein on the sensor surface and protecting the proteins from silver ions of the nanostructured layer in the sake of future medical diagnostics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To reduce the pesticide load in industrial plantings, it is necessary to use pathogen-resistant varieties when establishing orchards. The problem of obtaining stable, large-fruited, adaptive varieties is acute, since there are practically no genotypes in the existing assortment that combine a complex of economically valuable traits with resistance to diseases. The isolation of new resistance genes in wild forms and the creation of genotypes resistant to fungal diseases on their basis is possible through the use of remote hybridization. Interspecific hybrids with sweet cherry were obtained at the Krymsk EBS, VIR Branch, which combine resistance to coccomycosis and increased fruit size. These genotypes are complex sources of traits for further breeding work in obtaining adaptive, large-fruited genotypes. The work carried out proves that the use of interspecific hybridization makes it possible to obtain genomes highly resistant to coccomycosis.

18 species of cherries are collected for the preservation and study in the gene pool of the station. The following species P. sachalinensis, P. kurilensis, P. pensylvanica, P. incisa, P. serrullata, P. lannesiana, P. fruticosa separated by economically valuable traits, were involved in distant hybridization as a female parent. Cherry varieties, donors of large – fruited fruit, performed as a male parent. The article shows the yielding results of interspecies crossing, the patterns of inheritance of hybrid traits of early and late emergence from the condition of a deep dormant period and winter hardiness. According to the results of our research, we recommended the following species – P. lannesiana, P. serrullata, P. sachalinensis as donors of short onset, and as for late and long-lasting – P. pensylvanica, P. incisa, P. fruticosa. Species which transmit the sign of winter hardiness to their progeny – P. fruticosa, P. incisa and P. kurilensis.

The use of various molecular techniques greatly assists breeders in the selection of parental pairs in directional crossing. The selection of forms with the desired properties at the stage of hybrid progeny is a very laborious work, especially in the selection of fruit crops. This is due to the long life cycle and the impossibility of identifying valuable traits in the first years of the life of a hybrid plant. The use of the definition of S-loci in the genotype of a hybrid of sweet cherry allows at the early stage, before entering fruiting, to isolate genotypes with valuable traits.