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The objective of this research was to explore the link between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and alterations in ischemia modified albumin (IMA), thiol, and disulfide levels, with a focus on their potential clinical implications.

OBJECTIVE: Triple-A syndrome occurs due to the dysfunction of the ALADIN protein as a result of a mutation in the AAAS gene. ALADIN is involved in redox homeostasis in human adrenal cells and steroidogenesis. It has also been shown to have important roles in DNA repair and the protection of cells against oxidative stress. We planned to investigate serum thiol/disulfide homeostasis, which is a part of redox hemostasis in patients with Triple- A syndrome. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study included patients with the Triple-A syndrome (26 patients) and healthy children (26 patients). Thiol and disulfide levels of patients and healthy groups were compared. In addition, patients with the Triple-A syndrome were divided into 2 subgroups according to the mutation type, and their thiol and disulfide levels were compared. RESULTS: Triple-A syndrome patients had increased native thiol (SH), total thiol (SH+SS) concentrations, and native thiol/total thiol (SH/SH+SS) ratios than healthy controls. However, Triple-A syndrome patients had lowered disulfide (SS), disulfide/native thiol (SS/SH), and disulfide/total thiol (SS/SH+SS) ratios than the controls. When the group with the p.R478* mutation and the group with other mutation were compared, disulfide level, disulfide/native thiol ratio, and disulfide/total thiol ratio were statistically higher in the group with the p.R478* mutation, while native thiol/total thiol ratio was found to be lower. However, no statistical difference was found between native thiol and total thiol levels. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study in the literature to evaluate thiol-disulfide homeostasis in patients with the Triple-A syndrome. Patients with Triple-A syndrome had an increased level of thiol compared with healthy controls. Comprehensive studies are needed to clarify these thiol levels, which are thought to be compensatory. Also, mutation type affects thiol-disulfide levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To determine the ideal timing of labor for term pregnancies using oxidative stress determiners.

Objective: To investigate the role of ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) and IMA/albumin levels in patients with AA. Methods: The present prospective crossectional study includes patients ≥ 18 who admitted to the Dermatology and Venerology Department of XXXX University Hospital between April 1 2021, and September 30 2021. 70 patients participated in the study (n=34 for the study group and n=36 for the control group). Demographic features, clinical characteristics, IMA, and IMA/albumin levels were compared between the groups. Study group was divided into subgroups based on the number of patches, disease duration, and number of disease attacks. IMA and IMA/albumin levels were compared between each subgroup. Results: Study and control groups were similar with regard to demographic features and clinical characteristics. Significant differences were observed between the mean IMA and IMA /albumin ratio (p=0.004 and 0.012, respectively). The study subgroups were comparable for the number of patches, disease duration and number of disease attack. Conclusion: Although oxydative stress is an important component in the etiology of AA, IMA and IMA/albumin may not be useful in the prediction of disease severity in patients with AA. Keywords: Alopecia areata, ischemia-modified albumin, IMA/albumin, disease severity.

This article aims to explain the altered oxidative status and thiol/disulfide homeostasis before and after surgery in children with congenital heart disease (CHD).

As one of the most widely used tests, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is a measurement of sedimentation reaction in blood samples. Although the recommended method for ESR measurement is the Westergren method, this method has some disadvantages in comparison with automated ESR systems. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to compare Vision C with the Westergren method.

Background: Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a disease associated with the overexpression of proinflammatory cytokines, and oxidative stress is one of the factors responsible for its etiopathogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the thiol/disulphide homeostasis in pSS patients. Methods: The study included 68 pSS patients and 69 healthy controls. Thiol/disulphide homeostasis (total thiol, native thiol, and disulphide levels) was measured using the automatic spectrophotometric method developed by Erel and Neselioglu, and the results of the 2 groups were compared. Results: The gender and age distributions of the pSS and control groups were similar (P = 0.988 and P = 0.065). Total thiol and native thiol levels were lower in the pSS group than in the control group (470.08 ± 33.65 mmol/L vs. 528.21 ± 44.99 mmol/L, P < 0.001, and 439.14 ± 30.67 mmol/L vs. 497.56 ± 46.70 mmol/L, P < 0.001, respectively). There were no differences in disulphide levels between groups 17.00 (range 0.70-217.0) mmol/L vs. 14.95 (range 2.10-40.10) mmol/L, P = 0.195. Conclusions: It was concluded that the thiol/disulphide balance shifted towards disulphide in patients with pSS.

Background: This study aimed to find a relationship between vitamin D concentration and thiol-disulfide homeostasis in the pathophysiology of overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome in postmenopausal women. Methods: A total of 76 postmenopausal women, referred for routine controls, were recruited between January and March 2018 to participate in this study. Participants with an overactive bladder questionnaire (OAB-q) score of >11 (n = 34) were included in the OAB syndrome group, while those with a score of

Background: This study planned to investigate the relationship of dynamic thiol/disulfide homeostasis with the prognosis of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Methods: 80 patients who had been diagnosed with MDS between 2012 and 2017 and who were older than 18 were included in the study together with 80 healthy control subjects. The MDS diagnosis was confirmed using bone marrow aspiration-biopsy immunostaining. Dynamic thiol/disulfide homeostasis and ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) levels were examined. Results: The average IMA (0.71±0.08 vs. 0.67±0.09; p=0.002), median disulfide (18.0 vs. 11.6; p

Background: In this study, we aimed at determining the dynamic thiol/disulfide homeostasis and oxidant balance, and investigating the relation of these parameters to the severity of the disease and the serum calcium levels. Methods: 55 patients with iatrogenic hypoparathyroidism follow-ups and 40 healthy volunteers were included in the study. The blood dynamic thiol/sulfide balance, Total Antioxidant Status (TAS), Total Oxidant Status (TOS), Paraoxonase Enzyme Activity (PON) levels were measured in serum samples. Results: In our study, it was found that the disulfide, disulfide/native thiol, disulfide/total thiol levels were higher in the hypoparathyroidism group. A negative correlation was found between 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-OH vitamin D) and disulfide, disulfide/native thiol and disulfide/total thiol, and a positive correlation was found between native thiol and total thiol ratio; and the corrected calcium levels and PON levels were negatively correlated. Conclusions: Consequently, a change in favour of disulfide was found in the dynamic thiol-disulfide homeostasis in the hypoparathyroidism group in our study.

Background. Oxidative stress may play an important role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) etiopathogenesis. The thiol group is a very strong antioxidant. In this study, we aimed to investigate the presence of oxidative stress in patients with RA by evaluating thiol/disulfide homeostasis.

Vitiligo is a multifactorial disorder commonly associated with hypo-/depigmentation in the skin and may influence both children and adults psychologically because of the notable leopard-skin-like appearance. This study was designed to investigate the thiol/disulfide homeostasis in patients with generalized vitiligo and to determine its relationship with some of the demographical characteristics. Seventy-six generalized vitiligo patients and 67 healthy individuals were included in the study. Blood serum native thiol, disulfide and total thiol concentrations, together with some hematological parameters, were determined. Results demonstrated that native and total thiol contents, and their ratios, were significantly lower in vitiligo patients. Disulfide/native thiol and disulfide/total thiol ratios were significantly higher in the patient group. Progressivity of the disease strongly regulated the thiol/disulfide homeostasis in such a way that active vitiligo patients had reduced native and total thiol levels but increased disulfide/native thiol and disulfide/total thiol ratios. Moreover, there was a statistically significant negative correlation between both duration of the vitiligo and native and total thiol contents. As these results clearly demonstrated that thiol/disulfide homeostasis was shifted toward disulfide formation in patients with generalized vitiligo, determining the dynamic nature of thiol/disulfide homeostasis can be used to monitor disease progression.

Background: The purpose of the study was to determine oxidative stress-related plasma thiol/disulphide, ischemiamodified albumin (IMA) levels and ferroxidase activity among women with obesity in insulin-resistant and noninsulin-resistant groups in comparison with an overweight group. Methods: We compared plasma thiol/disulphide, IMA levels, and ferroxidase activity between the study groups. We analyzed plasma thiol/disulphide homeostasis with a newly developed automated measurement method; IMA with Albumin Cobalt Binding Test and ferroxidase (ceruloplasmin) levels with an automated, colourimetric method. Results: There were no significant differences between insulin-resistant and non-insulin-resistant women with obesity in terms of plasma native thiol, total thiol, disulphide, disulphide/native thiol ratio, disulphide/total thiol or native thiol/total thiol values. Ferroxidase activity was higher in insulin-resistant than in non-insulin-resistant women with obesity and higher in the total women with obesity group than in the overweight subjects (p

Background: This study aimed to show the status of thioldisulphide homeostasis in essential thrombocytosis patients, which is known to play a role in platelet function. Methods: The study included 27 ET patients and a control group of 36 healthy subjects. Serum total (-SH + -S -S -) and native (-SH ) thiol levels were measured in all subjects using an automatic method. Results: Age and gender distribution were similar in both groups. Compared with the control group, in the ET group, there were increased native thiol and total thiol levels (p = 0.001, p = 0.046). There was no correlation between thiol, total thiol and disulphide ratios with Jak2 mutation, hemorrhage and thrombosis. A positive correlation was determined between thrombosis and thiol disulphide homeostasis (p = 0.058). The study results showed that thiol-disulphide homeostasis shifted to the proliferative side in ET, in which ineffective erythropoiesis was predominant. It is also known that platelets are more active in ET cases and thiol disulphide balance is important in platelet function. Conclusions: This result suggests that thrombotic complications may be reduced if the formation is achieved of mechanisms (oxidation mechanisms) that will trigger the increase of disulphide groups. However, more extensive research is needed on this subject.

In order to investigate purin and primidin metabolism pathways in hepatitis, adenosine deaminase (ADA) and guanosine deaminase (GDA) activities in sera of patients with different types and manifestations of viral hepatitis disease (A, B, C, D, E, chronic, acute) were investigated and compared with the control group of healthy individuals. Hepatitis cases were classified with respect to their serological findings and clinics. When compared all the hepatitis cases with the controls, levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase enzymes, as well as ADA and GDA, were significantly higher than the control group (p0.05). However, GDA levels in hepatitis A group were closed to the controls. Increase in serum ADA activities in hepatitis forms may be dependent on and reflect the increase in phagocytic activity of macrophages and maturation of T-lymphocytes, and may be valuable in monitoring in viral hepatitis cases.

Adenosine deaminase (ADA) activities in sera, lymphocytes and granulocytes in patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis were investigated and compared with control groups. Fifty patients and 50 healthy individuals were studied. The clinical diagnosis was parasitologically confirmed by culture and Giemsa stain. ADA activities were measured by colorimetric method. Serum ADA activities 37.80 ± 11.90, 18.28 ± 6.08 IU/L (p0.05) were found in patients and control groups, respectively. ADA activity increases in some infectious diseases were cell mediated immune mechanisms are dominant. In cutaneous leishmaniasis, lymphokine-mediated macrophage activity is the main effector mechanism. Increase in serum and lymphocyte ADA activities in patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis may be dependent on and reflects the increase in phagocytic activity of macrophages and maturation of T-lymphocytes.

Abstract Background Alterations in ceruloplasmin are currently assumed as one of the mechanisms underlying the development of a number of neurodegenerative disorders. Several studies indicate that elevated serum ceruloplasmin levels may play a role in schizophrenia by exacerbating or perpetuating dopaminergic dysregulation. No study investigating the relationship between ceruloplasmin and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has been published to date. Nowadays OCD is increasingly speculated to be a different disorder than other anxiety disorders, and rather is considered to be more similar to psychotic disorders. The objective of this study to explore whether there is an association of ceruloplasmin with OCD as in schizophrenia. Method 26 pure OCD and 9 co-morbid OCD patients from Gaziantep University Sahinbey Research Hospital, Psychiatry Clinics, diagnosed according to the DSM IV and 40 healthy controls were included in the study. Blood samples were collected; ceruloplasmin levels were measured. Results The mean ceruloplasmin level in pure OCD patients, co-morbid OCD patients, and control group persons were 544.46 ± 26.53, 424.43 ± 31.50 and 222.35 ± 8.88 U/L respectively. Results of all 3 groups differ significantly. Positive predictive value of ceruloplasmin for that cut-off point is 31/31 (100%) and negative predictive value is 40/44 (91%) in our group. Conclusion Although the nature of relationship is not clear there was an association between ceruloplasmin levels and OCD in our study.

Abstract Background Both uremia and hepatitis C infection is associated with increased oxidative stress. In the present study, we aimed to find out whether hepatitis C infection has any impact on oxidative stress in hemodialysis subjects. Methods Sixteen hepatitis C (+) hemodialysis subjects, 24 hepatitis C negative hemodialysis subjects and 24 healthy subjects were included. Total antioxidant capacity, total peroxide level and oxidative stress index were determined in all subjects. Results Total antioxidant capacity was significantly higher in controls than hemodialysis subjects with or without hepatitis C infection (all p < 0.05/3), while total peroxide level and oxidative stress index were significantly lower (all p < 0.05/3). Hepatitis C (-) hemodialysis subjects had higher total antioxidant capacity compared to hepatitis C (+) hemodialysis subjects (all p < 0.05/3). Total peroxide level and oxidative stress index was comparable between hemodialysis subjects with or without hepatitis C infection (p > 0.05/3). Conclusion Oxidative stress is increased in both hepatitis C (+) and hepatitis C (-) hemodialysis subjects. However, hepatitis C infection seems to not cause any additional increase in oxidative stress in hemodialysis subjects and it may be partly due to protective effect of dialysis treatment on hepatitis C infection.

Abstract Background Oxidative stress, an increase in oxidants and/or a decrease in antioxidant capacity, is one of the potential biochemical mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. We aimed to investigate the total antioxidant response using a novel automated method in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis subjects. As a reciprocal measure, we also aimed to determine total peroxide level in the same plasma samples. Methods Twenty-two subjects with biopsy proven nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and 22 healthy controls were enrolled. Total antioxidant response and total peroxide level measurements were done in all participants. The ratio percentage of total peroxide level to total antioxidant response was regarded as oxidative stress index. Results Total antioxidant response of subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis was significantly lower than controls (p < 0.05), while mean total peroxide level and mean oxidative stress index were higher (all p < 0.05). In subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, fibrosis score was significantly correlated with total peroxide level, total antioxidant response and oxidative stress index (p < 0.05, r = 0.607; p < 0.05, r = -0.506; p < 0.05, r = 0.728, respectively). However, no correlation was observed between necroimflamatory grade and those oxidative status parameters (all p > 0.05). Conclusion Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is associated with increased oxidant capacity, especially in the presence of liver fibrosis. The novel automated assay is a reliable and easily applicable method for total plasma antioxidant response measurement in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.

Abstract Background Oxidative stress can be defined as an increase in oxidants and/or a decrease in antioxidant capacity. There is limited information about the oxidative status in subjects with hepatitis B virus infection. We aimed to evaluate the oxidative status in patients with various clinical forms of chronic hepatitis B infection. Methods Seventy-six patients with hepatitis B virus infection, in whom 33 with chronic hepatitis, 31 inactive carriers and 12 with cirrhosis, and 16 healthy subjects were enrolled. Total antioxidant response and total peroxide level measurement, and calculation of oxidative stress index were performed in all participants. Results Total antioxidant response was significantly lower in cirrhotics than inactive HbsAg carriers and controls (p = 0.008 and p = 0.008, respectively). Total peroxide level and oxidative stress index was significantly higher in cirrhotic (p < 0.001, both) and chronic hepatitis B subjects (p < 0.001, both) than inactive HbsAg carriers and controls. Total antioxidant response was comparable in chronic hepatitis B subjects, inactive HbsAg carriers and controls (both, p > 0.05/6). Total peroxide level and oxidative stress index were also comparable in inactive HBsAg carriers and controls (both, p > 0.05/6). Serum alanine amino transferase level was positively correlated with total peroxide level and oxidative stress index only in chronic hepatitis B subjects (p = 0.002, r = 0.519 and p = 0.008, r = 0.453, respectively). Conclusion Oxidative stress occurs secondarily to increased total lipid peroxidation and inadequate total antioxidant response and is related to severity of the disease and replication status of virus in hepatitis B infection.

Objective: According to the Tokyo 2018 guidelines, white blood cells (WBCs) are the only markers used in the staging of acute cholecystitis. We aimed to investigate the role of thiol-disulfide and ischemia-modified albumin (IMA), which are used in the diagnosis of inflammatory diseases, in the diagnosis, and severity of acute cholecystitis., Materials and Methods: A total of 108 patients hospitalized with acute cholecystitis and 42 healthy volunteers were included in the study. Plasma total thiol (TT), native thiol (NT), and disulfide levels were measured and IMA was calculated using disulfide/native, disulfide/total, and native/TT ratios., Results: Significant differences were found in both inflammatory and antioxidant markers, age, and symptom duration between disease stages (Stages I, II, and III) and control group (p < 0.001). Age and symptom duration were negatively correlated with antioxidant parameters (albumin, NT, and TT) (r = -0.321, p < 0.00). C-reactive protein and WBC correlated negatively with albumin and antioxidant parameters and positively with disulfide (r = 0.776, p < 0.001; r = 0.358, p < 0.001)., Conclusion: The oxidative stress markers in our study can be used to assist radiologic examinations in determining the severity of acute cholecystitis.

Background: Thiol-disulfide homeostasis (TDH) plays a pivotal role in various physiological mechanisms, including antioxidant defence, detoxification, apoptosis, regulation of enzyme activities and cellular signal transduction. TDH can be used as a biomarker to detect oxidative stress (OS) levels and ischemia status in the tissues. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery is a procedure associated with high oxidative stress. Dexmedetomidine, an alpha-2 agonist anaesthetic agent, has antioxidant effects. In this study, the effects of dexmedetomidine on oxidative stress in CABG surgery were investigated., Methods: Patients who underwent on-pump CABG surgery were divided into two groups: those receiving dexmedetomidine (Group D) and those not receiving dexmedetomidine (Group C). From anesthesia induction to the end of surgery, patients in Group D received intravenous infusions of 0.05-0.2 mcg/kg/min remifentanil and 0.2-0.7 mcg/kg/h dexmedetomidine. Patients in Group C received intravenous infusion of 0.05-0.2 mcg/kg/min remifentanil. Blood samples were collected from the patients 30 min before induction of anesthesia (T1), 30 min after removal of the aortic cross-clamp (T2), and at the end of the surgery (T3). Thiol-disulfide homeostasis (TDH) was assessed using a novel method. A novel automated method enables the determination of native thiols, total thiols and disulfides levels in plasma, allowing the calculation of their respective ratios., Results: In patients receiving dexmedetomidine, lower postoperative levels of disulfide, disulfide/native thiol, and disulfide/total thiol, along with higher native thiol/total thiol, were observed compared to the control group. (p < 0.05) Postoperative native thiol and total thiol levels were similar for both groups. (p > 0.05) CONCLUSIONS: In our study, through dynamic thiol-disulfide measurements, we found that levels of oxidative stress (OS) were lower in patients who received dexmedetomidine. We believe that the positive effects of dexmedetomidine on OS could be beneficial in CABG surgery. Furthermore, we anticipate that with further studies conducted in larger patient cohorts, the clinical utilization of dexmedetomidine will become more widespread., Trial Registration Number: NCT05895331 / 06.07.2023., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Aim The purpose of this study was to analyze oxidative stress parameters in maternal and cord blood samples from both obese and nonobese women. Methods Our study included 30 obese and 35 nonobese pregnant women aged 18-40. We analyzed and compared oxidative stress parameters, including thiol/disulfide balance markers (native thiol, total thiol, and disulfide), albumin, ischemia-modified albumin (IMA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), catalase, ceruloplasmin, and intracellular glutathione levels. Results The comparison of maternal blood oxidative stress parameters between obese and nonobese pregnant women showed significantly higher levels of disulfide, catalase (kU/L), and ceruloplasmin (U/L) in the obese group (p = 0.005, p = 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively). Similarly, in cord blood, disulfide (µmol/L), IMA, catalase (kU/L), and (U/L) levels were significantly higher in the obese group (p < 0.001, p = 0.049, p < 0.001, p = 0.023, respectively), while albumin levels were significantly higher in the nonobese group (p = 0.003). Conclusions Our results suggest a strong association between maternal obesity and increased oxidative stress in both mothers and their offspring. Elevated oxidative stress levels may contribute to adverse maternal and fetal clinical outcomes. Therefore, we conclude that maintaining healthy weight control during reproductive age is crucial for ensuring maternal and fetal well-being., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. T.C. Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University Tip Fakultesi Klinik Arastirmalar Etik Kurulu issued approval 22.07.2020/56. Animal subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Gok et al.)

Background: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) characterized by cyclic symptoms during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, presents an uncertain etiology in adolescents involving hormonal fluctuations and serotonin-related neurotransmitters with a limited existing literature on the impact of oxidative stress. This study aimed to explore the potential association between PMS and oxidative stress in adolescents., Methods: In a cross-sectional study conducted at a university hospital, involving 45 adolescent girls aged 12 to 18, participants were categorized based on the presence or absence of PMS using the cut-off point of 110 on the PMS Scale developed by Gençdoğan. Oxidative stress was assessed through dynamic thiol-disulfide homeostasis. The shift from the balance towards disulfide form is associated with oxidative stress, whereas towards thiol it shows a greater antioxidant capacity., Results: Thirty out of the forty-five participants were found to have PMS with a mean age of 15.5 years. The PMS group demonstrated a significant increase in antioxidant markers, specifically elevated native (631.6±57.55 vs 598.2±41.08, p=0.048) and total thiol levels (675.15±3.4 vs 639.3±44.9, p=0.031). Despite a significant increase in thiol, thiol to disulfide ratio was not found to be significant (p=0.849)., Conclusion: Contradictory to other studies in adults, we have demonstrated an increase in the antioxidant markers in adolescents with PMS. Elevated antioxidant status in adolescents with PMS may be an adaptive response to acute cyclic inflammation in the adolescent period, which might decrease with the progression of age. Further research is needed to investigate the complex interaction between oxidative stress and PMS across different age groups., Competing Interests: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.

Background: Glutathione, along with its related enzymes, constitutes a key antioxidant defense mechanism against oxidative stress and cancer formation in the body. Among urological malignancies, bladder cancer ranks second following prostate cancer. Oxidative stress has significant involvement in the development and prognosis of bladder cancer. This investigation aimed to examine the impact of glutathione on prognosis in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Methods: This study included 98 patients with high grade non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer who had undergone intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapy and 30 healthy controls with no history of uroepithelial carcinoma of the bladder. The patients with bladder cancer were evaluated in three subgroups. Group 1 consisted of 41 patients who did not experience recurrence during follow-up, Group 2 included 28 patients who had recurrent tumors, and Group 3 consisted of 29 patients who progressed to muscle-invasive stages. Blood samples were collected from all participants. Blood levels of reduced, oxidized, and total glutathione were measured spectrophotometrically. Results : Reduced glutathione levels significantly differed among the groups ( p < 0.001), attributed to the control group exhibiting higher reduced glutathione levels compared with Groups 1, 2, and 3 ( p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in reduced glutathione levels between Groups 1 and 2, Groups 1 and 3, or Groups 2 and 3 ( p > 0.05). Total glutathione levels varied significantly among the groups ( p < 0.001), with the control group having higher levels than Groups 1, 2, and 3 ( p < 0.001). No significant differences were detected between any of the paired patient groups in terms of total glutathione levels ( p > 0.05). Regarding oxidized glutathione levels, the difference was statistically significant ( p < 0.001), with the control group showing lower levels than the remaining three groups ( p < 0.001). Paired comparisons revealed no significant differences in oxidized glutathione levels ( p > 0.05). Conclusions: This study revealed that glutathione had an effect on the emergence of bladder cancer but did not affect its prognosis. Nevertheless, we recommend that future studies with larger bladder cancer patient cohorts should be conducted to comprehensively determine the impact of glutathione on the prognosis of this cancer.

Objective: To compare the levels of oxidative stress markers in the umbilical cord blood between pregnant women diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and low-risk controls., Methods: The sample consisted of 131 patients, including 55 pregnant women with IDA and 76 controls with similar demographic characteristics. Participants were selected from patients delivered at ≥37 weeks. We compared the two groups in terms of the native thiol, total thiol, disulfide, and ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) levels measured in pregnant women's umbilical cord venous blood., Results: The native thiol and total thiol values were statistically significantly lower in the anemia group, and the disulfide and IMA values were statistically significantly higher in the IDA group (P < 0.001). Perinatal outcomes were similar between the groups., Conclusion: In the present study, pregnant women with IDA had lower native and total thiol values and higher disulfide and IMA values in umbilical cord blood. Iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy may be a potential cause of increased oxidative stress., (© 2024 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics.)

Background: Prolidase is a manganese (Mn)-dependent cytosolic exopeptidase that degrades imidodipeptides with C-terminal proline or hydroxyproline. Prolidase recycling from imidodipeptides plays a critical role in collagen resynthesis and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling. Following an increase in gonadotropins, ovarian and follicular collagen undergo substantial degradation. Abnormal ovarian ECM composition is associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This study aimed to examine prolidase activity in the serum and follicular fluid (FF) of women undergoing in vitro fertilisation/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) treatment, comparing those with PCOS to those with normal ovarian function. Methods: This prospective study enrolled 50 participants, of whom 44 were included. PCOS diagnosis followed the Rotterdam consensus criteria, with 20 patients constituting the study group. The control group comprised 24 individuals with mild-to-moderate male infertility. Prolidase enzyme activity in serum and FF was measured using the Chinard reagent via spectrophotometric analysis and compared between the groups. Results: Serum and FF prolidase levels were significantly lower in patients with PCOS ( p  < 0.05). A direct correlation was observed between serum and FF prolidase levels ( p  < 0.05). Although blastocyst quality scoring (BQS) significantly decreased in PCOS patients, no statistical difference was observed in the clinical pregnancy rate between the groups ( p  < 0.05) ( p  > 0.05). A negative correlation existed between serum prolidase levels and total antral follicle (AF) count ( p  < 0.05). Conversely, both serum and FF prolidase levels positively correlated with BQS ( r  = 0.574)( p  < 0.05) ( r  = 0.650)( p  < 0.05). Conclusions: Patients with PCOS showed lower serum and FF prolidase levels, indicating abnormal degradation of ovarian and follicular collagen, potentially causing anovulation.

We investigated oxidative status in patients with rotator cuff tendinopathy (RCT) and evaluated their relationship with radiological and clinical parameters. In this cross-section study, 88 patients with RCT (59 males and 29 females) and 86 healthy controls (66 males, 20 females) were enrolled. The sample consisted of nontraumatic patients who are suffering from shoulder pain because of rotator cuff disease, which was established by clinical tests and MRI scanning. Oxidative stress in patients with RCT was analyzed via the dynamic thiol/disulfide homeostasis (TDH). Thiol/disulfide homeostasis was measured by a new colorimetric method. Furthermore, oxidative stress was indirectly measured by serum total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Serum disulfide levels and the other oxidative stress parameters of the RCT group were significantly greater than those of the control group (P < .001 for all), whereas the anti-oxidative stress parameters remained unchanged (P > .05 for all). The lowest and highest serum disulfide levels were detected in patients with grades 1 and 3, respectively (P < .001). Furthermore, in a multiple regression analysis, the disulfide/natural thiol ratio (β=-4.886, P = .004) and the MRI grading (β=0.314, P=.001) were independently associated with the Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index WORC score. We found an association between the levels of various serum markers of oxidative injury, especially serum disulfide levels, and the increasing severity of RCT. Thiol/disulfide homeostasis seems to play a critical role in RCT, both in the beginning and during the progression of disease.

Melasma is a common acquired hyperpigmentation disorder that affects mostly women and individuals with darker skin types. Oxidative stress may play a role in the pathogenesis of melasma. Dynamic thiol/disulfide homeostasis is one of the most important indicators of oxidative stress. This study aimed to investigate the presence of oxidative stress in patients with melasma by evaluating thiol/disulfide homeostasis. Sixty-seven patients with melasma and 41 healthy age- and sex-matched controls were included in the study. Disease severity was evaluated using the modified melasma area and severity index (mMASI). Thiol/disulfide homeostasis parameters of the melasma and control groups were measured using a novel, fully automated spectrophotometric method. Our data indicated the presence of oxidative stress in melasma, which may be correlated with disease severity. Because research on the presence of oxidative stress in melasma is limited, further studies are needed to support these conclusions.

Aim: To evaluate relationship between frailty and oxidative stress through thiol/disulfide homeostasis parameters [Native thiol (NT), total thiol (TT), and disulfide levels (D), disulfide-native thiol (D/NT), disulfide-total thiol (D/TT), native thiol-total thiol (NT/TT) ratios, and ischemia-modified albumin levels (IMA)]., Materials and Methods: In total, 139 community-dwelling older adults were included. The frailty status, defined by the FRIED frailty index (FFI) and Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), and comprehensive geriatric assessment results compared with thiol/disulfide homeostasis parameters and ischemia-modified albumin levels., Results: NT and TT levels were significantly lower in the frail group (respectively; p = 0.014, p = 0.020). The FFI scores were correlated with the levels of NT, TT, D/NT, D/TT, and NT/TT (respectively; r = - 0.25, r = - 0.24, r = 0.17, r = 0.17, r = - 0.17). The significant correlation could not be retained with the CFS scores. In ROC analysis, the AUC for NT was calculated as 0.639 in diagnosing frailty according to the FFI (95% CI 0.542-0.737), AUC was 0.638 for TT (95% CI 0.540-0.735), and AUC was 0.610 for NT/TT (95% CI 0.511-0.780). The AUC was calculated as 0.610 for both D/NT and D/TT in diagnosing physical frailty (95% CI 0.511-0.708)., Conclusion: Thiol/disulfide homeostasis parameters can be a potential biomarker in diagnosing physical frailty. However, further studies are needed for diagnosing frailty defined with cumulative deficit models., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to European Geriatric Medicine Society.)

Aim: We aim to compare the maternal serum thiol and ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) levels between pregnant women with placenta previa and those with uncomplicated pregnancies and to determine whether changes in these levels were useful in predicting cases of abnormally invasive placenta (AIP)., Methods: Fifty-five pregnant women diagnosed with placenta previa according to the diagnostic criteria (case group) were compared to 100 women with uncomplicated pregnancies of similar demographic characteristics (control group). The patients with placenta previa were further divided into two subgroups: AIP (n = 20) and placenta previa without invasion (n = 35). The maternal serum native thiol, total thiol, disulfide, and IMA levels of the groups were evaluated., Results: The native thiol, total thiol, and IMA values were significantly lower in the case group than in the control group (p < 0.001). The disulfide values were similar between the study and control groups (p = 0.488). When the AIP and placenta previa without invasion groups were compared, the levels of native thiol, total thiol, disulfide, and IMA were similar (p > 0.05)., Conclusions: Maternal serum thiol and IMA levels were lower in placenta previa cases compared to the control group. However, these parameters were not useful in predicting AIP cases., (© 2024 Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology.)

Objective: Ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) formation is associated with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, while increased cortisol leads to decreased ROS levels. We aimed to evaluate the effect of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation on IMA levels and whether the effect was dose-dependent or not., Methods: A total of 99 subjects with normal ACTH test results were included in the study. Of these, 80 had standard-dose ACTH test while 19 had low-dose ACTH test. Blood samples were collected to determine cortisol and IMA levels; at minutes 0, 30, and 60 following the standard-dose ACTH test and at minutes 0 and 30 following the low-dose ACTH test., Results: IMA levels decreased significantly within 30 minutes and the decrease continued up to the sixtieth minute (p=0.002) after standard-dose ACTH stimulation. After ACTH stimulation, a weak negative correlation was found between peak cortisol and IMA levels at the thirtieth minute (r=0.233, p=0.02). There was no significant difference in IMA levels after low-dose ACTH stimulation, despite an increase in cortisol (p=0.161)., Conclusion: IMA levels decreased rapidly after standard-dose ACTH stimulation, while a decrease in IMA levels was not observed after low-dose ACTH stimulation. The lack of decrease in IMA levels after low-dose ACTH stimulation suggests a possible dose-dependent relationship between ACTH and IMA. The moderate increase in cortisol with no reduction in IMA levels after low-dose ACTH stimulation and the weak correlation between peak cortisol and 30-minute IMA levels after standard-dose ACTH stimulation suggest that ACTH may have a direct effect on IMA., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest: None declared., (©Copyright 2024 by Turkish Society for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes / The Journal of Clinical Research in Pediatric Endocrinology published by Galenos Publishing House.)

Objective: The main aim of this study was to investigate the differences in maternal serum thiol/disulfide homeostasis among women with abortion imminens (AI), missed abortion (MA), and healthy pregnancies during the first trimester., Materials and Methods: This was a prospective case-control study. This study was conducted on pregnant women who visited the Obstetrics Clinic at University of Health Sciences Turkey, Etlik Zübeyde Hanım Gynecology Training and Research Hospital and were diagnosed with either AI or MA during the 6 th to 14 th weeks of pregnancy. The participants had a normal pregnancy follow-up, no chronic illnesses, and did not take any multivitamin or antioxidant supplements except for folic acid. The study incorporated 33 pregnant women with AI, 36 with MA, and 40 with normal pregnancies. Age, and body mass index were matched across the three groups. This study used a recently developed automated spectrophotometric technique to quantify thiol/disulfide concentrations., Results: The AI group had considerably elevated levels of total thiol and native thiol (SH) compared with the MA group. Nevertheless, there was no notable disparity observed between the group of healthy pregnancies and the other two groups. Serum disulfide (SS) levels did not exhibit any significant variations among the three groups. Similarly, the ratios of SS/SH, SS/total thiol, and SH/total thiol did not show any significant differences between the groups (p>0.05)., Conclusion: Patients with MA had decreased levels of total thiol and SH, which possess antioxidant capabilities, compared to the AI group. A decrease in antioxidant levels in the body may contribute to the etiology of MA. When considering our findings alongside existing literature, it remains inconclusive whether the serum thiol-disulfide ratio can predict a healthy pregnancy or MA following AI. Therefore, it is not yet seen as a promising diagnostic tool for assessing pregnancy viability. Additional investigation is required to establish the influence of dynamic thiol/disulfide homeostasis on early pregnancy loss., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest: No conflict of interest was declared by the authors., (Copyright© 2024 The Author. Published by Galenos Publishing House on behalf of Turkish Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology.)

Background: In the etiology of attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oxidative stress and heavy metal exposure are still controversial topics. In this study, our goal was to examine heavy metal levels and oxidative balance in newly diagnosed patients with ADHD and reveal whether heavy metal levels have an effect on the oxidation balance., Methods: The study included 35 patients with newly diagnosed ADHD and 31 healthy control groups of similar age and gender. Participants' parents or caregivers completed a semi-structured questionnaire regarding their children's breastfeeding and prenatal and postnatal smoking exposures. The levels of heavy metals lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and cadmium were measured with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, and a unique automated spectrophotometric approach was used to quantify serum total thiol, native thiol, and disulfide quantities and ratios., Results: The rate of smoking during pregnancy was significantly higher in the ADHD group than in the control group ( P  = .030). Compared to the control group, the native and total thiol levels of children with ADHD were significantly higher ( P < .001). Likewise, the ADHD group had significantly higher Hg levels compared to the control group ( P  = .002). Cadmium levels were substantially greater in the control group compared to the ADHD group ( P < .001). However, there was no significant difference between Pb levels in the ADHD and the control group ( P  = .844)., Conclusion: Exposure to Hg and prenatal smoking may contribute to the development of ADHD in childhood. In response to oxidative stress, the young brains of children with ADHD may enhance their antioxidant levels., Competing Interests: Declaration of Interests: The authors have no conflict of interest to declare., (2024 authors.)

Objective: : Recent evidence suggests that oxidative stress contributes to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. This study aimed to compare thiol-disulphide homeostasis in acute and stable phases of schizophrenia for the first time., Methods: : Among the patients with schizophrenia, 61 in the acute-phase and 61 in the stable phase of their illness were enrolled in the study. Native thiol (NT), total thiol (TT), disulphide (SS), disulphide/native thiol, disulphide/total thiol, and native thiol/total thiol for thiol-disulphide homeostasis were compared between the groups. The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Scale for the Assessment of Positive/Negative Symptoms (SAPS/SANS), Clinical Global Impression-Severity Scale (CGI-S), Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale, and Simpson-Angus Scale were used to assess symptoms., Results: : After controlling for age, sex, body mass index, and smoking status there were significant differences in NT, TT, SS/NT, SS/TT, and NT/TT, but not SS. Thiol/disulphide homeostasis has shifted in favour of the oxidative side in patients with acute-phase compared to that in stable schizophrenia. BPRS, SAPS, and CGI-S scores were significantly correlated with all six thiol-disulphide parameters, but not SANS, when controlling for age and sex. Significant receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were obtained for all thiol-disulphide homeostasis parameters. Discriminant analysis was found to be statistically significant in discriminating between groups., Conclusion: : These results show that oxidative status increases thiol-disulphide homeostasis in patients with acute-phase schizophrenia compared to those with stable schizophrenia. These findings suggest that thiol-disulphide parameters can be used as biomarkers for the acute exacerbation of schizophrenia.

Background: Mycosis fungoides (MF) is the most common cutaneous T-cell lymphoma with unknown etiopathogenesis. Oxidant and antioxidant balance is important for cell function and normal metabolism. An imbalance between pro-oxidants and antioxidants causes oxidative stress. A recent focus has been on thiol/disulphide homeostasis as a novel marker of oxidative stress., Aims and Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the role of oxidative stress in MF by analysing thiol/disulphide homeostasis., Materials and Methods: A total of 103 patients (48 female, 55 male) and a control group of 120 healthy individuals (48 female, 72 male) from two tertiary care hospitals were included in our study. Serum native thiol, total thiol and disulphide levels were evaluated using novel method developed by Erel and Neeliolu., Results: Native thiol levels were 340.30 ± 87.44 in the patient group and 401.62 ± 69.45 in the control group. Total thiol value was 374.17 ± 87.78 in the patient group and 428.54 ± 70.05 in the control group. Native thiol and total thiol levels were significantly lower in the patient group compared to the control group ( P < 0.001 and P < 0.001). The disulphide value was 16.93 ± 6.46 in the patient group and 13.46 ± 5.06 in the control group. Disulphide levels were found to be significantly higher in the patient group compared to the control group ( P < 0.001)., Conclusions: In our study, thiol/disulphide balance shifted towards disulphide which indicates the presence of oxidative stress especially in the early stage while 93.2% of our patients had early-stage MF. We think that this may have pathogenetic and prognostic significance., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2023 Indian Journal of Dermatology.)