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Every year, cancer claims the lives of hundreds of thousands of people, despite the fast advancements in science and technology. Numerous scientific investigations are conducted to create therapeutic approaches that do not have the drawbacks of conventional cancer treatment methods. A novel approach to treating cancer is sono‐photodynamic therapy, which has a far higher therapeutic efficacy than photodynamic therapy. For this purpose, peripherally bis 3‐[(4‐tert‐butylbenzyl)oxy substituted metal and metal‐free phthalocyanines were synthesized and characterized. Additionally, the spectral, aggregation and sonophotochemical properties of these phthalocyanines in DMSO were examined. Metallophthalocyanines to generate singlet oxygen was examined photochemically and sonophotochemically. The findings of the sono‐photochemical experiments showed great promise, showing that the synthesized sensitizers were effective at producing reactive oxygen species for successful therapeutic treatments. The development of innovative therapeutic medicines with improved photodynamic and sonodynamic characteristics is aided by this discovery. Using sonophotodynamic therapy to concurrently harness the power of light and sound is a novel and synergistic technique that may enhance the therapeutic efficacy of these complexes. For the investigated al of compounds, The combination of sonochemical and photochemical applications generated better results. Overall, the findings point to SPDT as a potentially effective combination therapy for the treatment of cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) serve as a biomarker for mucopolysaccharidoses disease. In this study, a novel fluorometric method was developed to measure total GAGs in urine. Graphene oxide (GO) and rhodamine B (RhB), a cationic fluorescent dye, were employed in the development of the method. RhB attaches to the GO surface via electrostatic attraction, leading to the quenching of its fluorescence upon the establishment of the RhB–GO complex. However, the presence of GAGs prompts a resurgence of intense fluorescence. The linear range of the method is between 5.00 and 70.00 mg/L. The total GAG levels of urine samples analyzed using the method agree with the results of the biochemistry analysis laboratory (65.85 and 79.18 mg/L; 73.30 ± 1.76 and 72.21 ± 2.21). The method is simple, accurate, and sensitive and may be used for both first‐step diagnosis of the mucopolysaccharidoses and detection of individual GAGs for studies of GAG‐related research and other biological applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To treat a life‐threatening disease like cancer, photodynamic therapy (PDT) and sonodynamic therapy (SDT) methods were combined into sono‐photodynamic therapy (SPDT) as an effective therapeutic solution. Each day, the usage of phthalocyanine sensitizers increases in the therapeutic applications as they have the ability to produce more reactive oxygen species. In this context, a new diaxially silicon phthalocyanine sensitizer, containing triazole and tert‐butyl groups, was synthesized. After elucidating the structure of the complex with elemental analysis, FT‐IR, UV–Vis, MALDI–TOF MS and 1H NMR, its photophysical, photochemical and sono‐photochemical properties were examined. When singlet oxygen generation capacity of the new synthesized silicon phthalocyanine complex was determined and compared among photochemical (PDT; ФΔ = 0.59 in DMSO, 0.44 in THF, 0.47 in toluene) and sonophotochemical (SPDT; ФΔ = 0.88 in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), 0.60 in tetrahydrofuran (THF), 0.65 in toluene) methods, it can be said that the complex is a successful sono‐photosensitizer that can be used as a good SPDT agent in vitro or in vivo future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current study, we synthesized and characterized new BODIPY derivatives (1–4) having pyridine or thienyl‐pyridine substituents at meso‐ position and 4‐dibenzothienyl or benzo[b]thien‐2‐yl moieties at 2‐,6‐ positions. We investigated fluorescence properties and the ability to form singlet oxygen. In addition, various biological activities of BODIPYs such as DPPH scavenging, DNA binding/cleavage ability, cell viability inhibition, antimicrobial activity, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) and biofilm inhibition properties were performed. BODIPY derivatives BDPY‐3 (3) and BDPY‐4 (4) have high fluorescence quantum yields as 0.50 and 0.61 and 1O2 quantum yields were calculated as 0.83 for BDPY‐1 (1), 0.12 for BDPY‐2 (2), 0.11 for BDPY‐3 and 0.23 for BDPY‐4. BODIPY derivatives BDPY‐2, BDPY‐3 and BDPY‐4 displayed 92.54 ± 5.41%, 94.20 ± 5.50%, and 95.03 ± 5.54% antioxidant ability, respectively. BODIPY compounds showed excellent DNA chemical nuclease activity. BDPY‐2, BDPY‐3 and BDPY‐4 also exhibited 100% APDT activity against E. coli at all tested concentrations. In addition to these, they demonstrated a highly effective biofilm inhibition activity against Staphyloccous aureus and Pseudomans aeruginosa. BDPY‐4 showed the most effective antioxidant and DNA cleavage activity, while BDPY‐3 exhibited the most effective antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]