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Background and Objectives : Anesthesia for pediatric microlaryngoscopy/direct laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy (DLB) is very challenging. Airway management methods can vary from tubeless techniques to endotracheal intubation. In this study, we analyzed the pediatric DLB patients operated on in our tertiary hospital. Materials and Methods : After the ethics committee's approval, we retrospectively searched the pediatric DLB patients operated on between 2018 and 2023. Demographic data, airway management, pathology, operation time, and complications were analyzed. Results : Fifty-seven pediatric patients and 105 procedures were analyzed. The most common pathology was subglottic stenosis (29.1%). More than half of the patients were younger than one year old (56.1%). The airway management was performed with intermittent mask ventilation (37.2%), endotracheal tube (33.3%), and tracheostomy cannula (29.5%). Intermittent mask ventilation was the airway management type in 66.0% of the infants. Conclusions : Here, we report our pediatric DLB experiences. Airway management is challenging and is dependent on the age and pathology of the child, and planned surgery. Excessive attention is required during airway surgeries such as DLB.

Background: Infantile hemangiomas (IHs) are the most common benign vascular tumors of infancy. Methods: We report our experiences with 248 patients with head and neck IHs. Results: The median admission age was 4 months, and the female/male ratio was 2.18. Among the cases, 45% were followed by no treatment. No local complications were observed in any of these patients. Propranolol was provided to all patients who received medical treatment. The median duration of treatment was 12 months (1-30 months), and the median follow-up period of all patients was 14 months (0-118 months). The treatment response was 98%. The complication rate was 17%, and children aged between 3 and 9 months accounted for 60% of the patients who developed complications. Most of the complications were local complications, such as ulceration and bleeding. Conclusions: Although most IHs regress spontaneously, complications may occur. Propranolol alone is an effective treatment option, and early treatment initiation increases the success rate.

Purpose: Accelerated radiotherapy and concurrent chemoradiotherapy is an effective treatment modality in locally advanced head and neck carcinomas. In this study, we examined the efficacy and feasibility of concomitant boost radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the routine outpatient- based radiotherapy clinic., Patients and Methods: Between January 1993 and December 2000, only 51 out of 127 eligible patients were deemed suitable to receive concomitant boost radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. Their median age was 60 years (range 17-83 years). The histological diagnosis was squamous-cell carcinoma in 38 (75%) patients, undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinomas (WHO type III) in 10 (20%) patients and other histology in 3 (5%) patients. The concomitant boost regimen consisted of 70 Gy in 6 weeks (1.8 Gy/fraction/day, 5 days/week, to the clinical target volume (CTV), and 1.6 Gy/fraction/day to the gross tumor volume (GTV) as a second-daily treatment for the last 2 weeks). The concomitant chemotherapy regimen consisted of cisplatin 100 mg/m(2) given every 3 weeks for 3 courses, and the neoadjuvant regimen of cisplatin 100 mg/m(2) plus epirubicin 100mg/m(2), every 3 weeks for 3 courses., Results: Only 55% of patients completed the treatment exactly as planned, with 82% completing treatment within acceptable limits. The median radiotherapy duration was 45 days (40-95 days). In univariate analysis, patients with better performance status (p=0.002) or nasopharyngeal carcinomas (p=0.043) had a significantly better compliance to treatment. In multivariate analysis only nasopharyngeal site was a significant predictor of compliance (p=0.019). The maximum acute reaction was grade 3 mucositis in 24 (49%) patients. No grade 4 acute or late reactions were seen. Complete and overall response rates were 51% and 75.5%, respectively. Patients with nasopharyngeal cancer and good treatment compliance had a better response rate (p=0.009 and 0.01, respectively). The median follow-up period of surviving patients was 28 months (range 6-58 months). The 3-year progression-free survival rate was 39%., Conclusion: In the routine outpatient-based setting we found that this intensive treatment schedule can only be given to a limited and highly selected group of patients.

A case of metastatic papillary carcinoma to the mandible is presented. Though relatively rare, metastatic tumours of the mandible should be included in the differential diagnosis of the tumours in the parotid region. For the primary site; being in the cervicofacial region, the thyroid gland must be considered by the head and neck surgeon.