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Recent studies suggest that shift working may trigger health issues through disrupted circadian rhythms and altered eating habits. This study aimed to examine the possible associations of shift work with sleep quality, diet quality and obesity-related parameters. This study was conducted with 150 males (75 shift and daytime workers) aged 24–50 years. Dietary intake was determined using the 24-hour recall method, and dietary quality was evaluated using the Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI-2010). Anthropometrical measurements and body composition were assessed. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was used to evaluate sleep quality. Fasting and postprandial glucose and insulin, and fasting lipid levels were analyzed. HOMA-IR was calculated, and blood pressure was measured. The total HEI-2010 score of shift workers (52.6 [45.4–58.8]) was lower than the daytime workers (55.9 [49.1–64.9]) (p = 0.016). Among individuals with good sleep quality, the total HEI-2010 score, seafood and plant proteins, fatty acids, and sodium scores were lower in shift workers compared to others (p < 0.05 for each). Non-obese shift workers had higher body weight, waist circumference, waist/hip ratio, VLDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, postprandial glucose, and insulin levels compared to daytime workers (p < 0.05 for each). This study demonstrates that shift working is associated with lower diet quality independent of sleep quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Dietary phytochemicals have been under examination as adjuvants for the prevention and treatment of obesity and diabetes. This study aimed at examining the potential associations of dietary "Phytochemical Index" (PI) and polyphenol intake with obesity and diabetes-related parameters. Materials and Methods: The case-control study involved 331 participants (156 overweight/obese and 175 normal weight), aged 18–50 years. Dietary intake was assessed using the 24-hr dietary recall method, and the PI score was calculated as the percentage of energy intake provided by phytochemical-rich foods. Polyphenol intakes were calculated using Phenol-Explorer and U.S. Department of Agriculture databases. Anthropometrical measurements were taken, serum glucose, insulin, and lipid profiles were analyzed, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated, and blood pressure was measured. Linear regression analyses were used to examine the potential associations. Results: Participants with higher PI scores had higher total and some sub-classes polyphenol intakes compared with lower ones (P < 0.05, for each). Dietary PI score was not associated with any of the anthropometrical measurements; however, total polyphenol and flavonoids intakes were inversely associated with body mass index (β = −0.269, P = 0.049; β = −0.262, P = 0.048; respectively), waist circumference (β = −0.127, P = 0.021; β = −0.130, P = 0.016; respectively), and waist-to-hip ratio (β = −20.724, P = 0.032; β = −22.199, P = 0.018; respectively) after adjusting for potential confounders. Either dietary PI score or total and sub-class polyphenol intakes were not associated with a better metabolic profile, except for the lignan intake, which was inversely associated with HOMA-IR (β = −0.048, P = 0.011). Conclusions: Higher dietary polyphenol intake may have potential in the prevention of obesity and diabetes, and validated practical tools are essential for the assessment of polyphenol intake in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context The paucity of data on microvascular complications in patients with posttransplant diabetes (PTDM) is an obstacle to developing follow-up algorithms. Objective To evaluate diabetic microvascular complications in patients with long-standing PTDM. Methods In patients with ≥5-year history of PTDM and age-matched renal transplant recipients without PTDM (NDM), diabetic peripheral neuropathy was evaluated using the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument, the CASE IV device, and in vivo corneal confocal microscopy (CCM). Cardiac autonomic neuropathy tests were performed using heart rate variability. Nephropathy screening was assessed using spot urine albumin/creatinine ratio and eGFR calculation. Diabetic retinopathy was evaluated by fundus examination and photography, and optical coherence tomography. Results This study included 41 patients with PTDM and 45 NDM patients. The median follow-up was 107.5 months in the PTDM group. Peripheral neuropathy was significantly higher in the PTDM group than in the NDM group (P =.02). In the PTDM patients with peripheral neuropathy, corneal nerve fiber density examined by CCM was significantly lower than in PTDM patients without neuropathy (P =.001). Parasympathetic involvement was observed in 58.5% of the PTDM group and 22% of the NDM group (P =.001). Sympathetic involvement was present in 65.9% of the PTDM group and 29.3% of the NDM group (P =.001). Retinopathy was observed in 19.5% of patients in the PTDM group and in none of the NDM patients (P <.001). Renal functions were similar between the study groups. Conclusion Cardiac autonomic neuropathy and diabetic retinopathy can affect patients with PTDM at a high rate. Diabetic retinopathy is a threat to the vision of PTDM patients. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy can be detected early in PTDM patients by CCM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a metabolical disorder and can lead to liver fibrosis. Because it is commonly seen, several noninvasive scores (NS) have been validated to identify high-risk patients. Patients with NAFLD have been shown to have higher serum angiopoietin-like protein-8 (ANGPTL-8) levels. Objective The risk of NAFLD is known insufficiently in acromegaly. Moreover, the utility of the NS and the link between NAFLD and ANGPTL-8 in acromegaly is unknown. Methods Thirty-two patients with acromegaly (n = 15, active [AA] and n = 17, controlled acromegaly [CA]) and 19 healthy controls were included. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-proton density fat fraction (PDFF) was used to evaluate hepatic steatosis, and magnetic resonance elastography to evaluate liver stiffness measurement. ANGPTL-8 levels were measured with ELISA. Results Median liver MRI-PDFF and NAFLD prevalence in AA were lower than in CA (P =.026 and P <.001, respectively). Median magnetic resonance elastography-liver stiffness measurement were similar across groups. Of the NS, visceral adiposity index, fatty liver index, hepatic steatosis index, and triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) all showed positive correlation with the liver MRI-PDFF in the control group. However, only TyG significantly correlated with liver fat in the AA and CA groups. There was no correlation between traditional NAFLD risk factors (body mass index, waist circumference, C-reactive protein, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance, visceral adipose tissue) and liver MRI-PDFF in the AA and CA. Patients with acromegaly with NAFLD had lower GH, IGF-1, and ANGPTL-8 levels than in those without NAFLD (P =.025, P =.011, and P =.036, respectively). Conclusion Active acromegaly may protect from NAFLD because of high GH. In patients with acromegaly, NAFLD risk cannot be explained with classical risk factors; hence, additional risk factors must be identified. TyG is the best score to evaluate NAFLD risk. Lower ANGPTL-8 in patients with acromegaly and NAFLD implies this hormone may be raised because of insulin resistance rather than being a cause for NAFLD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]