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Aim Design Methods Results Conclusion Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care Impact Reporting Method Patient or Public Contribution Describe and compare generic and disease‐specific caregiver contribution (CC) to self‐care behaviours in the dimensions of self‐care maintenance, self‐care monitoring and self‐care management in multiple chronic conditions (MCCs).Multicentre cross‐sectional study.We enrolled caregivers of patients with MCC, from April 2017 to November 2022, if they were (a) 18 years of age or older and (b) identified by the patient as the principal unpaid informal caregiver. The Caregiver Contribution to Self‐Care of Chronic Illness Inventory, Caregiver Contribution to Self‐Care of Heart Failure Index, Caregiver Contribution to Self‐Care of COPD Inventory and Caregiver Contribution to Self‐care of Diabetes Inventory were used to measure generic and disease‐specific contribution to patient self‐care. Descriptive statistics, Student's t‐tests and Pearson's correlation coefficients were used.We found adequate generic CC for self‐care monitoring but inadequate CC in self‐care maintenance and management. All CC to disease‐specific self‐care maintenance, monitoring and management scales' scores were inadequate, except for caregivers of diabetic patients in which we observed an adequate score in the CC to self‐care maintenance and self‐care management scales in those practice insulin therapy.Caregivers experience difficulties in performing behaviours of contribution to their patients affected by chronic conditions. Caregivers of patients with MCCs contribute more to self‐care in aspects related to provider prescriptions and less to lifestyle changes.Healthcare professionals have to know in which behaviours caregivers show gaps and reflect on the reasons for poor CC to self‐care to develop interventions to enhance these behaviours.This study underlines the importance of choosing the most appropriate instrument for measuring CC to self‐care, considering the caregiver's characteristics.We adhered to STROBE guidelines.Caregivers of patients affected by MCCs were enrolled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims Design Methods Results Conclusions Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care Impact Patient Contribution To describe and compare generic and disease‐specific self‐care measures in patients with multiple chronic conditions (MCCs) in the three dimensions of self‐care maintenance, monitoring, and management.Multicentre cross‐sectional study.Patients aged 65 and over with MCCs. We used Self‐Care of Chronic Illness Inventory to measure generic self‐care, Self‐care of Diabetes Inventory to measure self‐care in diabetes mellitus, Self‐Care of Heart Failure (HF) Index to measure self‐care in HF, and Self‐Care of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Inventory to measure self‐care in chronic lung diseases.We recruited 896 patients. Multimorbid patients with diabetes had lower scores on the self‐care maintenance scale, and diabetic patients in insulin treatment on the generic management scale than on the disease‐specific instrument. Multimorbid patients with HF or chronic lung diseases scored higher on generic self‐care maintenance and monitoring scales than disease‐specific ones. There was a partial consistency between the generic and disease‐specific self‐care maintenance and management. Inadequate behaviours were recorded in disease‐specific self‐care monitoring rather than generic ones.Older patients affected by MCCs scored differently in the generic and disease‐specific instruments, showing inadequate self‐care in some of the three self‐care dimensions.The choice between generic and disease‐specific instruments to use in clinical practice and research should be made considering the specific aims, settings, patients characteristics, and knowledge of the different performance of the instruments by users.No study has described and compared generic and specific self‐care measures in patients affected by MCCs. Knowing these differences can help nurses choose the most suitable measure for their aims, context, and patients and plan generic and disease‐specific self‐care educational interventions for those behaviours in which MCCs patients perform poorly.Patients were informed about the study, provided informed consent, and answered questionnaires through interviews. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Introduction Methods Results Discussion Conclusions and implications for health policy To meet the population's needs, community care should be customized and continuous, adequately equipped, and monitored.Considering their fragmented and heterogeneous nature, a summary of community healthcare services described in European literature is needed. The aim of this study was to summarize their organizational models, outcomes, nursing contribution to care, and nursing‐related determinants of outcomes.A systematic review was performed by searching PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and Embase in October 2022 and October 2023 (for updated results). Quantitative studies investigating the effects of community care, including nursing contribution, on patient outcomes were included and summarized. Reporting followed the PRISMA checklist. The review protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022383856).Twenty‐three studies describing six types of community care services were included, which are heterogeneous in terms of target population, country, interventions, organizational characteristics, and investigated outcomes. Heterogeneous services’ effects were observed for access to emergency services, satisfaction, and compliance with treatment. Services revealed a potential to reduce rehospitalizations of people with long‐term conditions, frail or older persons, children, and heart failure patients. Models are mainly multidisciplinary and, although staffing and workload may also have an impact on provided care, this was not enough investigated.Community health services described in European literature in the last decade are in line with population needs and suggest different suitable models and settings according to different care needs. Community care should be strengthened in health systems, although the influence of staffing, workload, and work environment on nursing care should be investigated by developing new management models.Community care models are heterogeneous across Europe, and the optimum organizational structure is not clear yet. Future policies should consider the impact of community care on both health and economic outcomes and enhance nursing contributions to care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multispectral imaging is a technique that captures data across several bands of the light spectrum, and it can be useful in many computer vision fields, including color constancy. We propose a method that exploits multispectral imaging for illuminant estimation, and then applies illuminant correction in the raw RGB domain to achieve computational color constancy. Our proposed method is composed of two steps: first, a selected number of existing camera-independent algorithms for illuminant estimation, originally designed for RGB data, are applied in generalized form to work with multispectral data. We demonstrate that the sole multispectral extension of such algorithms is not sufficient to achieve color constancy, and thus we introduce a second step, in which we re-elaborate the multispectral estimations before conversion into raw RGB with the use of the camera response function. Our results on the NUS dataset show that an improvement of 60% in the color constancy performance, measured in terms of reproduction angular error, can be obtained according to our method when compared to the traditional raw RGB pipeline.