Search

International audience; The Anthropocene was conceptualized in 2000 to reflect the extensive impact of human activities on our planet, and subsequent detailed analyses have revealed a substantial Earth System response to these impacts beginning in the mid-20 th century. Key to this understanding was the discovery of a sharp upturn in a multitude of global socioeconomic indicators and Earth System trends at that time; a phenomenon termed the 'Great Acceleration'. It coincides with massive increases in global human-consumed energy and shows the Earth System now on a trajectory far exceeding the earlier variability of the Holocene Epoch, and in some respects the entire Quaternary Period. The evaluation of geological signals similarly shows the mid-20 th century as representing the most appropriate inception for the Anthropocene. A recent mathematical analysis has nonetheless challenged the significance of the original Great Acceleration data. We examine this analytical approach and reiterate the robustness of the original data in supporting the Great Acceleration, while emphasizing that intervals of rapid growth are inevitably time-limited, as recognised at the outset. Moreover, the exceptional magnitude of this growth remains undeniable, reaffirming the centrality of the Great Acceleration in justifying a formal chronostratigraphic Anthropocene at the rank of series/epoch.

The article identifies the features of the Ural region in terms of preserving and updating the memory of the epoch of 1812-1814. Based on the analysis of various options for preserving images of the epoch (through “living memory,” “materialized memory,” festive events and other means), the author comes to the conclusion that the Ural region, despite its remoteness from the theater of war, organically fit into the all-Russian memorial context. At the same time the memory is shaped by the region’s focus on military production, and by its providing a significant part of the irregular cavalry recruited from the Orenburg Cossacks and non-Russian peoples. The latter circumstance, through images of “Northern cupids,” gave the Urals an “exotic” fame abroad. Forms of preserving Urals memory of the events of 1812-1814 range from variants of “living memory,” which includes elements left over from the communicative memory, to purposeful activities of central and local authorities to organize “mass events” at anniversary dates. A significant role in memory preservation is traditionally played by educational institutions, which, starting from the school level, form the “memory of childhood.” The greatest concentration of “memory elements” related to the epoch is observed in the Southern Urals, which is predetermined, to a large extent, by the presence of compactly living non-Russian peoples who seek to emphasize their role in the events of all-Russian and even global history. Unlike a number of other national regions of the Russian Federation, the appeal to historical memory in the Urals takes place within the framework of a “unifying and reconciling” tradition. Despite some commemorative “gaps,” the three epochs (pre-Soviet, Soviet and post-Soviet) in relation to the historical memory in the Urals about the events of 1812-1814 look quite organic. Images of this great time continue to act as a unifying factor, thus preserving the sense of a “common past” not only with the all-Russian, but also with common European and global history.

Artifacts found in Village Bori in 1902 are kept in the Hermitage in Sankt Petersburg. Among the finds particularly interesting is a silver cup with an Aramaic inscription:” Kind Pitiakhsh Buzmihr”. The inscription revealed that there existed an institution of pitiakhsh in the kingdom of Iberia in Roman epoch. Indeed, it is interesting whether the grave which yielded the mentioned object was the tomb of a pitiakhsh. The point is that in Bori no sarcophagi or crypts are encountered, there are only pit-burials there which, in my opinion, excludes presence of a pitiakhsh’s tomb in the area and the rich inventory recovered together with the bowl in question does not belong to a pitiakhsh. It is more likely that the bowl had been presented by Pitiakhsh Buzmihr. The Roman-period kingdom of Iberia knows a few similar cases. But where exactly is Pitiakhsh Buzmihr’s grave? The question has not been answered yet. Apart from other issues, the article deals with the chronological order of the pitiakhshs of Armaziskhevi cemetery and suggests that pitiakhs are buried only in graves NN 1, 2 and 3. Furtheremore, it discusses the problem of interrelationship between the pitiakhs’ graves and the structures found in Armaziskhevi and passes an opinion that the structures date to an earlier period than the graves. In the 70s (not later than 75 AD), the residence was destroyed by an earthquake and since then the area was used as a cemetery of pitiakhshs of Armaziskhevi and their family members.

El presente artículo discute la cronología histórica de la trilogía La lucha por la vida (1904) de Pío Baroja, que se ha establecido a través de numerosos indicadores temporales y de algunos acontecimientos históricos que entran en el hilo del relato. Como se tratará de demostrar, pese a existir una evolución temporal de los acontecimientos con la consiguiente evolución biológica de los personajes, el tiempo histórico no avanza y toda la trilogía se desarrolla en la misma época.

This study sought to examine differences in measures of intense periods of physical performance during competitive match-play, between one-match (1 match weeks) and two-match microcycles (2 match week). 1, 3 and 5 min "peak" and mean averages for total distance (TD), high-speed running (HSR) and metabolic power (MP) were analysed for each 15 min period of match-play. Linear mixed models were employed to examine the differences in dependent variables for each method of measurement between the 1 and 2 game microcycles. No differences were reported for "peak" values for all epoch lengths, however, results revealed significantly reduced "average" values, during periods of fixture congestion, for 1, 3 and 5 min epochs for average TD, and 3 min epochs for average HSR towards the end of the match (75-90 min split). There was, however, a trend for the opposite response to occur in the 60-75-min period. The current data suggests that players potentially display altered pacing strategies during periods of fixture congestion, with these observed responses being dependent on sampling method and epoch length.

The ancient Talayotic Culture of Menorca can be best distinguished from that of Mallorca through peculiarities in its monumental architecture. This paper examines the social significance of Menorca’s megalithic structures, known as ‘taulas’. The construction of such visible monuments within the island’s cultural landscape at a time when foreign relations were increasing is significant in that it could suggest a conscious desire for differentiation from Mallorca, its larger and nearest Balearic Island neighbor. This article proposes that these monuments might have functioned as a source of social resilience for indigenous Menorcans, fostering and enabling the persistence of a distinct identity throughout the Roman epoch when the presence of Roman military personnel on the island further intensified foreign cultural interactions. Active engagement in identity curation might also have provided a sense of sovereignty within the broader ‘globalizing’ hegemony of the Roman Empire. The apparent latitude with which this seems to have been carried out also calls into question broadly accepted narratives regarding the Roman presence in Menorca.

The main concept of the article consists in the idea that the crisis is faced not by liberalism as ideology, but by liberal democracy as social order type based on the consensus of mainstream political forces. The author analyzes the causes of the said crisis, the nature of the challenge to liberal democracy and the main features of non-liberal populist political forces. He comes to the conclusion that serious erosion of liberal democracy in the Western countries is under way, still the social order survives. The reason for that lies both in the ingrained liberal values and institutes, and in the failure of the non-liberal populist forces to offer an alternative development project, and thus the limited growth of their influence. In the long run the crisis overcoming depends on the ability of the West to solve fundamental economic problems that can be viewed as the initial cause of the crisis in politics.

We consider in this work linguostatistical methods that were used for attribution (establishing authorship) of publicistic articles of the XIX century. At that time, F. M. Dostoevsky edited and headed three journals: ""Time"", ""Epoch"" and ""Citizen"", where there are about 500 unattributed texts. Samples from texts were compiled, their characteristics were studied, and a comparative analysis of the classification results based on various machine learning methods (decision trees, recurrent networks, parallel recurrent networks, transformer model) was carried out. The input of texts, their processing and the calculation of linguostatistical parameters were carried out using an updated version of the SMALT information system.

In the introduction to The Philosophy of History, G.W.F. Hegel discusses the role of heroes: “World-historical men – the Heroes of an epoch – must, therefore, be recognized … their deeds, their wor...

Investasi saham merupakan salah satu pilihan yang tepat untuk mendapatkan keuntungan lebih. Akan tetapi dalam melakukan investasi saham diperlukan ilmu analisis terhadap data sebuah perusahaan yang dapat menentukan naik atau turunnya suatu harga saham pada perusahaan tersebut. Pergerakan yang sangat dinamis memerlukan pemodelan data untuk melakukan prediksi harga saham agar mendapatkan tingkat akurasi yang tinggi. Sebuah algoritma dikembangkan untuk mengatasi masalah data jangka panjang atau data historis yaitu Long Short Term Memory (LSTM). Dengan menggunakan Long Short Term (LSTM) penelitian ini menghasilkan nilai RMSE yang cukup baik dengan peningkatan nilai RMSE berdasarkan penambahan jumlah variasi epoch. Variasi epoch optimal didapatkan dengan jumlah epoch sebesar 200. Sedangkan nilai RMSE optimal yang dihasilkan metode Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) dihasilkan oleh emiten TINS dengan RMSE sebesar 31.71.

Metal artifacts from the Paleometal Epoch (ca. 1100 BC–400 AD) of the Primorye (Russian Far East) have shed new light on the introduction of the earliest bronzes into the Pacific coastal areas of prehistoric Eurasia. However, little is known about raw material circulation and the role of metal in the context of inter-regional exchange. This paper investigates 12 copper artifacts from major Paleometal settlements using alloy composition, trace elements, and lead isotopes to explore the metal sources and distribution networks. The results suggest that most objects are made of a copper-tin alloy, but some have arsenic as a significant minor element . Geologically, copper is unlikely to have come from local ore sources, but rather from the Liaoxi corridor and Liaodong Peninsula in Northeast China. This may indicate an inland route of metal trade across Northeast China or alternately, a coastal route via the northern Korean Peninsula. Archaeologically, the combined study of artifact typology and chemistry indicates two possible origins for the metal: the Upper Xiajiadian culture in Northeast China and Slab Grave culture in Mongolia/Transbaikal. Remarkably, the connection with Upper Xiajiadian communities parallels the transport route along which millet agriculture spread from Northeast China to the Primorye during the Neolithic.

Indonesia is one of the first nations to formally acknowledging Bangladesh's independence that is in February 1972. However, there is lacking scientific study on both government relations. To solve the Rohingya crisis in Bangladesh from Myanmar. This study analyzes the roles of alliances in government relationships between Bangladesh and Indonesia in the epoch of prime minister Shaikh Hasina and President Joko Widodo, the Rohingya refugee (2017-2020). This qualitative research operates secondary data; Qualitative Descriptive (QD) is a form used in the qualitative study for comprehensive thoughts, expressly regulating the relevant phenomena. The research questions, what kind of challenges Indonesia and Bangladesh friendship faced on the Rohingya issue? How did both nations overcome, and what are the roles in their governmental alliances played? The study found that both countries have effective diplomatic administrative regulations. Indonesian government's efforts in the case of Rohingya are very active compared to other Asian countries. In reply to the Rohingya emigrant crisis and the maintaining of reciprocal settlement with the Bangladesh government in focusing of Indonesia diplomacy, is to find the arrangement of the refugee dilemma by approaching the root elements of the puzzle and intensifying the collaboration in determining the crisis. In short, the Bangladesh government appreciated the efforts of the Indonesian authority by mutual relationships even the friendship is upon the reciprocal agreement. It suggests that both governments should maintain an equal or more friendly bilateral settlement to keep these diplomatic relations effective and fruitful for both nations.

Burn-in has been proven effective in identifying and removing defective products before they are delivered to customers. Most existing burn-in models adopt a one-shot scheme, which may not be sufficient enough for identification. Borrowing the idea from sequential inspections for remaining useful life prediction and accelerated lifetime test, this study proposes a sequential degradation-based burn-in model with multiple periodic inspections. At each inspection epoch, the posterior probability that a product belongs to a normal one is updated with the inspected degradation level. Based on the degradation level and the updated posterior probability, a product can be disposed, put into field use, or kept in the test till the next inspection epoch. We cast the problem into a partially observed Markov decision process to minimize the expected total burn-in cost of a product, and derive some interesting structures of the optimal policy. Then, algorithms are provided to find the joint optimal inspection period and number of inspections in steps. A numerical study is also provided to illustrate the effectiveness of our proposed model.

Anthropocene debate centers on the start-date and the cause of the geologic Epoch. One argument for the Epoch’s start-date is the “Early Anthropocene,” contending humanity “took control” of Earth systems during the Neolithic Revolution. Adherents contend agriculture contributed to rising carbon emissions and laid the groundwork for societal ills such as colonialism and extractive capitalism. Such a deterministic theory erases centuries of relational agriculture practiced by Indigenous peoples in the Americas. This article upsets the narrative of the “Early Anthropocene” that would mark all agriculture and agricultural societies as destructive and extractive, and instead offers embodied Indigenous narratives that view agriculture as a relational system of partnerships between humans and other-than-human beings over centuries. First, I trace the “Early Anthropocene” narrative from its origins with paleoclimatologist William Ruddiman to its contemporary adherents and show how such a theory lines-up with the narrative of the Christianized Biblical Fall. I show that “Early Anthropocene” theorists portray agriculture as society’s “ultimate sin,” wherein humans fall from a hunter–gatherer Eden and must toil to cultivate crops, eventually giving way to colonialism and extractive capitalism, ultimately causing environmental degradation and destruction and leading to a second coming of the hunter-gathering Eden. I then argue against such stories, tracing examples of relational agriculture practiced prior to settler colonization into our contemporary moment by Cherokee, Anishinaabe, Haudenosaunee, Western Apache, Karuk, Coast Salish, and Ponca peoples. Such stories show a pattern of missteps, understanding, and knowledge production between human groups and the more-than-human, rather than the environmental and societal destruction that Early Anthropocene theorists portray as the inevitable end of agricultural societies. This study disproves the agricultural “Early Anthropocene” as a starting point for Earth’s Epoch. It also presents relational environmental understanding through decolonized agriculture on repatriated land as a future method for interacting with the other-than-human environment.

To search for optical counterparts to gravitational waves, it is crucial to develop an efficient follow-up method that allows for both a quick telescopic scan of the event localization region and search through the resulting image data for plausible optical transients. We present a method to detect these transients based on an artificial neural network. We describe the architecture of two networks capable of comparing images of the same part of the sky taken by different telescopes. One image corresponds to the epoch in which a potential transient could exist; the other is a reference image of an earlier epoch. We use data obtained by the Dr. Cristina V. Torres Memorial Astronomical Observatory and archival reference images from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We trained a convolutional neural network and a dense layer network on simulated source samples and tested the trained networks on samples created from real image data. Autonomous detection methods replace the standard process of detecting transients, which is normally achieved by source extraction of a difference image followed by human inspection of the detected candidates. Replacing the human inspection component with an entirely autonomous method would allow for a rapid and automatic follow-up of interesting targets of opportunity. The method will be further tested on telescopes participating in the Transient Optical Robotic Observatory of the South Collaboration.

The subway ridership is related with the social activities, such as, commuting, festival, holiday, and so on, which makes the time series of subway ridership presents seasonal characteristic. This characteristic inspires us to decompose the time series into a seasonal component and an epoch component, and employ a combination forecasting method to estimate the future ridership. We first transform the raw ridership into a time series matrix, then decompose the ridership into a seasonal component and an epoch component, and at last combine the individual forecasting results of the seasonal component and the epoch component to make forecast. Contributions of this paper include formulating the combination forecasting problem as an optimization problem, proposing an In-Sample Algorithm (ISA) and an Out-of-Sample Algorithm (OSA), and conducting extensive experiments based on the individual forecasting model named Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model and the data provided by Chongqing Rail Transit. We prove that the decomposition and combination forecasting model possesses smallest variance than individual forecasting models from the theory aspect. The experiments further demonstrate that the ISA algorithm can effectively fit original ridership time series and the OSA algorithm can make better forecasting performance than individual forecasting models. Most importantly, the ISA algorithm and the OSA algorithm both possess advantages of smaller forecasting error deviation and smaller absolute forecasting errors.

The article is devoted to the role of the honored lawyer of the Russian Federation, professor Chernikov Valery V. in the formation and development of the legal service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. The article deals with the main directions of development of legal work in the federal executive internal affairs authority, stages of improving of the rule-making activity, organization of legal informing, litigation and international legal work, organizational aspects of this activity.

This paper deals with the ways in which it is possible to conceptualize and map forms of soundscape in the epoch of the Anthropocene. After humans became a geological force, which is a role that used to be reserved for the planet itself, one can pose the question of how to understand this new condition through sound, as well as of the ways in which (re)production of the Anthropocene is heard and performed through sound. With the usage of the terms world, globe, Earth and the planet, a certain understanding of the human environment, current state of affairs, but also of the past and the future is projected. To these terms I connect different ways of production and reception of sound (bio-melo-technology, bio-aural-technology, zoe-aural-technology), and describe their mutual relations through the concepts of biosound, zoesound, necrosound, geosound, and petrosound. I produce this typology on the basis of ontosonographic methodology, and apply it to particular case studies such as popular music (k.d. lang, Lesbian on Ecstasy, My Bloody Valentine, black metal, noise), sounds insects make, and the noise produced by urban traffic. With the help of ontosonographic methodology I map forms of being and becoming through sound and as sound, which makes ontosonography a key concept for understanding the soundscape forms of the Anthropocene. Of decisive importance for understanding the Anthrpocene soundscape is the relation between biosound and geosound, which is produced through petrocultures understood as a multiplicity of practices of extraction and exploitation of fossil fuels. The dominant form of soundscape in the epoch of the Anthropocene is the petrosound. Also, a new way for understanding fossil fuels appears as a possibility, a way that is grounded in a non-binary way of thinking beyond the difference between Life and Non-Life. It remains as a task for further research whether to approach this petrocultural non-binarity through radical or absolute immanence or, perhaps, some other set of concepts more appropriate for the Anthropocene.

In the recent years analysis of Electroencephalogram (EEG) signal has played vital role in automatic sleep scoring technique. Classification of sleep stages help in understanding sleep related issues. Manual analysis of sleep scoring is costly, tedious and time-consuming process. It is essential to design an automatic sleep scoring technique which is convenient to patients and simplifies the diagnostic process using EEG signals. Implementation of such technique enable experts to identify sleep related issues. In this paper, EEG signals are recorded for 60 subjects and preprocessed using Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) filter. Sleep stages are classified into three major stages viz stage 1, 2 and 3 with 10 s epoch duration using statistical features of EEG and machine learning algorithms with five-fold cross validation. Proposed method is more feasible for physicians to diagnose sleep disorders and proves to be the better technique with improved accuracy compared to other existing studies.

According to the record, the Korean song “Tong-tong” was classified as a song as “Tong-tong-sa” and a play as “Tong-tong-jihee”. The title of “Tong-tong” is derived from the chorus phrase “Aeoo Tong-tong Bridge” that repeats every verse. The purpose of this paper is to make it easier for modern people to understand by clarifying the meaning contained in “Tong-tong” by referring to the literature related to “Tong-tong” and the opinions of various scholars. The contents of this paper are interpreted in modern Korean through the content structure, pseudonym, vocabulary analysis, major vocabulary interpretation, and translation into modern language, and then translated into Russian. Song culture can be viewed as a part of public and intercultural communication, because songwriters strive to adapt the language and theme of the song to the standards of a mass audience, the requirements of the time, actual problems of life and general issues of being. Through this thesis, it is meaningful to make “Tong-tong”, a popular k-pop song in the Koryo Dynasty, understandable not only to modern Koreans but also to Russian-speaking readers.

As the signals of Galileo and the global BDS-3 navigation satellite system have been accessible, positioning users can use quad-frequency even five-frequency signals nowadays. With multifrequency signals, one can form some useful combinations to improve the positioning performance, e.g., the widely used extra-wide-lane (EWL)/wide-lane (WL) in triple-frequency cases. For quad-frequency or five-frequency cases, better positioning performance can be expected since additional frequencies are introduced. In this study, we systematically analyse the benefits of Galileo and BDS-3 quad-frequency signals on long-baseline instantaneous positioning. First, the theoretical analysis of EWL/WL ambiguity resolution (AR) and satellite-station range estimation with a single-satellite geometry-free and ionosphere-free model is studied, along with the comparison with triple-frequency cases. Second, using the quad-frequency advantages, an instantaneous decimeter-level positioning model is proposed, where the geometry-free model is adopted for the first two EWL AR and the geometry-based model is adopted for the third WL AR. In the end, the AR and positioning performance are evaluated using real long-baseline date containing Galileo and BDS-3 quad-frequency observations. The results indicate that, with quad-frequency observations, both Galileo and BDS-3 EWL/WL ambiguities can be fixed reliably with a single epoch. Contributed by the resolved EWL/WL ambiguities, instantaneous decimeter-level positioning can be obtained, with the accuracies of 0.116 m/0.126 m/0.351 m in north, east, and up directions, respectively.

BeiDou navigation satellite system transmits triple-frequency signals. This paper reviews the disadvantages of the traditional least-squares ambiguity decorrelation adjustment algorithm in the ambiguity resolution and exploits the advantages of triple-frequency BDS. A new ambiguity resolution method that is based on adaptive ionosphere estimation constraints for medium-length baselines (from 50 to 100 km) is proposed. We realize the method in two steps. First, double-differencing uncombined observables (B1/B2/B3 observables) are used to obtain float solutions with atmospheric delay estimated as a random walk parameter by using the extended Kalman filter. Second, two ambiguity search equations are constructed between any two uncombined ambiguities. The adaptively estimated ionospheric delay shown in step one is also used to constrain ambiguity search equations. Finally, traversal search of integer ambiguity is performed. The method is decreasingly affected by the cycle slips and reference satellite switching, which can effectively avoid the unstable positioning accuracy of the carrier in the RTK positioning of medium-length baselines. In this study, BDS triple-frequency data collected from two baselines of 53 km and 103 km, respectively, are used to validate the proposed method. Experiments show that the medium-length baseline ambiguity can be rapidly fixed within one single epoch. Although the baseline is over 100 km, the accuracy of coordinate component under dynamic conditions can reach the centimeter level.

Today, the highest importance is given to the patient’s safety and ethics during the clinical trials. The regulatory authorities take each and every aspect into consideration to protect the safety, rights and consent of the subjects during the phases of clinical trials. Besides the applications like IND, NDA further strengthen these above parameters. However, all these safety measures are a result of our previous experiences in history such as Thalidomide tragedy, Sulphanilamide disaster, Nazi’s experiments, Tuskegee syphilis studies. All these disasters are due to unethical behavior, lack of knowledge on safety, no keen idea on pharmacovigilance, no proper data storage, inexperience etc., which led to many disasters resulting in the deaths of many innocent lives and some permanent damage to the persons consuming these drugs either by force or voluntarily. This article mainly focuses on the drug tragedies and drugs introvert from the market, due to the lack of knowledge on clinical trials.

Using an ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometer, the study examined the effects of different epoch lengths on children’s moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). The study also tested how different MVPA levels influence the relationship between epoch length and MVPA. The participants included third (n = 28) and fourth grade (n = 35) students. The third graders participated in a physical education class while the fourth graders were engaged in an active video game (AVG) class. Data were downloaded using six different epoch lengths. MVPA estimates were determined by five different cut points. Multi-level analyses were used to analyze the data. Results showed that when lower cut points were used, MVPA was positively related to epoch lengths, and this relationship was stronger when the MVPA level was higher. When higher cut points were used, epoch length was negatively related to MVPA, and this relationship was stronger when the MVPA level was lower. This study revealed that different epoch lengths generate various estimates of MVPA, and the relationship between epoch length and MVPA is affected by MVPA levels.

School design in any epoch reflects the collective values and attitudes of the time, and the political currents which shape perspectives. In this paper, we consider the risks associated with an English school’s rebuilding under the Priority School Building Programme, a standardised approach to school design, tending to result in ‘traditional’ instead of ‘innovative’ designs. At a micro scale, risk is affective, influencing educators’ ontological security. We also consider the macro-level risk of shaping citizens through education policy reflecting particular values. This case study, in a UK secondary school, explores theoretical frameworks that can be used to investigate risks involved in rebuilding projects. It is well established that misalignment between structural resources, approaches to pedagogy and social relations presents a significant risk for school redesign. Although the case study project was a relatively smooth transition at the local level, with alignment between set, epistemic and social design, we argue that there can be a philosophical risk associated with conservatism in schooling design and a focus on performativity and conformity. Giving consideration to policy-led schooling decisions, we argue for the importance of alignment between design elements in the context of wider consideration around the purposes of education.

This paper investigates a single server queueing system with an infinite waiting space in which customers are arrived according to renewal process and are served in batches of random size under continuous-time batch Markovian service process. We first determine the vector probability generating function of the system-length distribution at pre-arrival epoch. The system-length distribution at pre-arrival epoch is extracted in terms of zeros of the related characteristic polynomial of the vector probability generating function. By the Markov renewal theory argument, we determine the system-length distribution at random epoch. We also derive the system-length distribution at post-departure epoch using the ‘rate in = rate out’ argument. Finally, some numerical results are exhibited for different inter-arrival time distribution to demonstrate the system performance measures and correctness of analytical results.

The article investigates three main aspects of technologism: 1. Technologism has become the last deity, the last religion, and the last hope of the European and American worlds; 2. Technologism is the only basis of the rotten European and American parasitic world which passed a suicidal sentence upon itself; and 3. The era of technologism may be replaced (and may have already been replaced) by the socioepoch (the Other epoch) based on truth, measure, and justice, subjecting asocial and antihuman technologism aggression to these vital values.

At a time when nobody has yet landed on the Antarctic continent (1879), this presentation and accompanying paper predicts the morphology, dynamics and thermal regime of the Antarctic ice sheet. Mathematical modelling of the ice sheet is based on the assumptions that the thickness of tabular icebergs reflects the average thickness of the ice at the margin and that the surface gradients are comparable to those of reconstructed former ice sheets in the Northern Hemisphere. The modelling shows that (a) ice is thickest near the centre at the South Pole and thins towards the margin; (b) the thickness at the pole is independent of the amount of snowfall at that place; and (c) the mean velocity at the margin, assuming a mean annual snowfall of two inches per year, is 400–500 feet per year. The thermal regime of the ice sheet is influenced by three heat sources – namely, the bed, the internal friction of ice flow and the atmosphere. The latter is the most significant and, since ice has a downwards as well as horizontal motion, this carries cold ice down into the ice sheet. Since the temperature at which ice melts is lowered by pressure at a rate of 0.0137 °F for every atmosphere of pressure (something known since 1784), much of the ice sheet and its base must be below the freezing point. Estimates of the thickness of ice at the centre depend closely on the surface gradients assumed and range between 3 and 24 miles. Such uncertainty is of concern since both the volume and gravitational attraction of the ice mass have an effect on global sea level. In order to improve our estimate of the volume of ice, we will have to wait 76 years for John Glen to develop a realistic flow law for ice.

A conference of human beings known as the Anthropocene Working Group has the power to name the next phase of Earth’s geological calendar. In response, the artistic research project Epoch Wars by Po...

“The epoch of circuses has come to an end … ” —B. Slutsky For over twenty-five years, from 1992 to 2017, Tatarstan claimed a special place among Russian regions. But its luck changed in late 2016, ...

A vehicle registration plate is used for vehicle identity. In recent years, technology to identify plate numbers automatically or known as Automatic License Plate Recognition (ALPR) has grown over time. Convolutional Neural Network and YOLACT are used to do plate number recognition from a video. The number plate recognition process consists of 3 stages. The first stage determines the coordinates of the number plate area on a video frame using YOLACT. The second stage is to separate each character inside the plat number using morphological operations, horizontal projection, and topological structural. The third stage is recognizing each character candidate using CNN MobileNetV2. To reduce computation time by only take several frames in the video, frame sampling is performed. This experiment study uses frame sampling, YOLACT epoch, MobileNet V2 epoch, and the ratio of validation data as parameters. The best results are with 250ms frame sampling succeed to reduce computational times up to 78%, whereas the accuracy is affected by the MobileNetV2 model with 100 epoch and ratio of split data validation 0,1 which results in 83,33% in average accuracy. Frame sampling can reduce computational time however higher frame sampling value causes the system fails to obtain plate region area.

In human culture, since ancient times, fiction has developed as a mirror of time. Therefore, a dual understanding of time is reflected in the poetics of the work: firstly, it is the time that is connected with the narrative and is developed in the plot of the work (artistic time), and secondly, it is the time, the epoch of writing the work itself (historical time). The artistic image of the time is reflected not only in historical genres, but also in all other genres and styles of literature. The historical era of writing a work can be captured in the thoughts and worldview of the characters, in the conflict being developed, the subject matter and the problems involved. The relevance of the study is related to the fact that the tragic periods of history depicted in the work must be analyzed through the worldview and moral standarts of the people. In this regard, the purpose of this article is to identify the philosophical and aesthetic connection between the artistic time continuum and the historical epoch. The subject of the research in this article is the novelette of the literary scholar and prose writer Georgy Fedorov “Ai, mantaran hir mulkaci” ("Oh, poor hare »). In the course of the study, the following results were obtained: in an artistic and philosophical work, the category of time becomes both a method of deepening the character's personality, and an indicator of the figurative model of the world, and the subject of research.

The development of Falak cannot be separated from the ephemeris table, one of them i.e Simon Newcomb solar ephemeris. This ephemeris was used in the initial calculation of Abdur Rachim, one of Falak Indonesia's experts. The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of the Simon Newcomb ephemeris reckoning algorithm and its strengths and weaknesses. This paper use descriptive analysis as the research methodology. The results of this study are this Ephemeris is quite accurate because because there aremany correction terms and consider aspects of the planet's relative motion to the Earth that can be seen in the formula for perturbation and nutation correction. The advantage of this ephemeris,it has a long period correction which is useful for calculating the Sun ephemeris in years far enough from the epoch used and directly uses UT time in its calculations so there is no need to convert UT to TD. The weakness of this ephemeris is that it cannot be done manually because the formula used is too long and there are many formula corrections.

Introduction.In the technogenic epoch, people’s understanding of the nature of time has changed. The image of the high-tech time has formed and widely spread under the influence of modern technologies. Today, it has determined the nature of the temporal existence of person and has become, through the electronic clock, an instrument of its dehumanization. Anticipating these threats, the representatives of existentialism undertook the development of temporal problems starting from the middle of the XIX century. The existential analysis of the category “instant” as a specific dimension of the temporal existence of a person has taken a central place in it. Identifying the differences in the meaning of the terms “instant” and “minute” in philosophical and natural science interpretations, the author has suggested the possibility of humanizing modern technological processes by changing modern person’s concept of time.Methodology and sources. Hermeneutical and retrospective methods, methods of existential and comparative analyzes, the use of existential, cultural and interdisciplinary approaches have become the methodological basis of the work. The analysis of philosophical texts on the problem of changing the perception of time by person in the technogenic epoch (L. Mumford, M. McLuhan, D. Naisbitt), the works of existential philosophers devoted to temporal problems (S. Kierkegaard, N. Berdyaev, M. Heidegger) theoretical works on physics (S. Hawking, E. Sudarshan, J. Vaccaro), and a number of works on the humanitarian problems of the technogenic epoch was made (E. Balas, V. Tikhonova, V. Stepin, L. Kuznetsova).Results and discussion. The problem of overcoming the dehumanization of the temporality of human existence under the influence of high-tech time was considered in the article. The following conclusions were the results of the study of this problem. First, the reasons for the dehumanization of the temporal existence of a person acting in accordance with high-tech time have been identified. Secondly, the need to distinguish between the concepts of “minutes” of objective time and “moments” of the temporality of human existence was justified. Third, the study of temporal problems was defined as a condition for the humanization of scientific and technological development of modern epoch.Conclusion. In the technogenic, person’s free choice between minutes of high-tech time and moments of existential time have determined the fate of his / her temporal existence. Making one’s choice, a person has determined the character of the development of the technogenic epoch in the direction of the dehumanization of human existence or in the direction of the humanization of the technical world. The breadth of the study of the nature of human temporality and temporal issues in general will have affected the right choice.

According to the Common GNSS Generic Time Transfer Standard Version2E (CGGTTS_V2E) developed by the GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) Working Group of the International Consultative Committee for Time and Frequency (CCTF), the data processing software is developed by using the pseudorange signal measured by the GNSS receiver, which is used to generate the CGGTTS files in the standard format, and its reliability is verified. The results show that, compared with the CGGTTS files generated by sbf2cggtts software, the offset between the GNSS system time and local time scale calculated by the same GPS and BDS satellite observations in the same epoch is identical, and the difference with the absolute value of the difference less than 0.5 ns accounts for 96% and 94% of the total, respectively. Taking Chinese standard time UTC(NTSC) (Coordinated Universal Time (National Time Service Center)) as the reference time scale, the data processing software is used to process the observations of the B1I and B3I dual-frequency ionospheric combination of BeiDou-2 and BeiDou-3 satellites, and generate the CGGTTS files in the standard format, and the performance of BeiDou system time is evaluated by analyzing the parameter of offset between the GNSS system time and local time scale. The results show that, compared with BeiDou-2, the internal precision of BeiDou-3 system time is increased by about 28%, and the frequency stability of medium and long-term is obviously better than BeiDou-2 after one day.

Research has been carried out with several training functions using standard backpropagation methods, One-Step Secant (OSS), and Bayesian regulation. The purpose of this study was to (i) analyze the Performance accuracy (Performance) of the standard backpropagation method and (ii) optimize the training function with the One-Step Secant (OSS) and Bayesian regulation methods to obtain comparison results of the three methods in the search for the best results implementation of disaster phenomenon forecasting data. The research method is based on quantitative methods with times-series data on disaster phenomena in Indonesia over the last ten years (2011-2020) which were analyzed using two network architecture models, namely 4-8-1 and 4-10-1. The results showed that the 4-8-1 architectural model with the Bayesian regulation training function method was able to optimize quite well through accelerating training time and resulted in a low MSE measurement, although not the lowest with an epoch value of 197 iterations and a Performance of 0.0148480766. The lowest epoch value is generated by the OSS method, but it Performs poorly. The best Performance is produced by the standard backpropagation method with the traingd training function, but the training process for achieving convergence is also too long. In general, it can be concluded that the 4-8-1 architectural model with Bayesian regulation can be used to predict (predict) the phenomenon of natural disasters in Indonesia because the training time to achieve convergence is not too long and Performs exceptionally well. &nbsp, Telah dilakukan penelitian dengan beberapa fungsi perlatihan dengan metode backpropagation standard, One-Step Secant (OSS), dan Bayesian regulation. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk (i) menganalisis keakuratan kinerja (Performance) metode backpropagation standard dan (ii) melakukan optimasi fungsi perlatihan dengan metode One-Step Secant (OSS) dan Bayesian regulation, sehingga diperoleh hasil pembandingan dari ketiga metode tersebut dalam pencarian hasil terbaik untuk pelaksanaan data peramalan fenomena bencana. Metode penelitian berbasis metode kuantitatif dengan data times-series fenomena bencana di Indonesia pada kurun waktu 10 tahun terakhir (2011-2020) yang dianalisis dengan dua model arsitektur jaringan, yakni 4-8-1 dan 4-10-1. Hasil penelitian ditunjukkan, bahwa model arsitektur 4-8-1 dengan metode fungsi perlatihan Bayesian regulation mampu dengan optimasi cukup baik melalui pemercepatan waktu perlatihan dan dihasilkan pengukuran MSE rendah walaupun bukan paling rendah dengan nilai epoch sebesar 197 iterasi dan kinerja sebesar 0,0148480766. Nilai epoch paling rendah dihasilkan oleh metode OSS, tetapi berkinerja kurang baik. Kinerja terbaik dihasilkan oleh metode backpropagation standard dengan fungsi perlatihan traingd, tetapi proses perlatihan untuk pencapaian konvergensi juga terlalu lama. Secara umum dapat disimpulkan, bahwa model arsitektur 4-8-1 dengan Bayesian regulation dapat digunakan untuk peramalan (prediksi) fenomena bencana alam di Indonesia, karena waktu perlatihan untuk pencapaian konvergensi tidak terlalu lama dan berkinerja cukup baik.

In the cultural aura of the XV century, the Timurid princes, who were the rulers of that time, occupied a place in a number of historical and literary sources of both literary figures and literary personalities. An artistic manuscript in the epoch of Timurides, as well as the other genres of that period, developed on the basis of creative assimilation of the best traditions of masters who had worked in the previous centuries. It is emphasized that this manuscript is a kind of a rare example of calligraphy and artistic design of a Timurid book.

This work presents a new epileptic seizures epoch classification scheme. Variational mode decomposition (VMD), has been explored for non-recursively decomposing the electroencephalogram (EEG) signals into fourteen band limited intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). Data augmentation (DA), has been used for handling unbalanced classification problem. Normalized energy, fractal dimension, number of peaks, and prominence parameters were computed from the band-limited IMFs for the discrimination of seizure and non-seizure epochs. Bayesian regularized shallow neural network (BR-SNNs) and six other well-known classifiers were tested. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy have been used as performance metrics. This study includes two different epoch lengths of 1-second and 2-seconds. A total of 32 test cases for both, class balanced and unbalanced classification problems have been taken for the performance evaluation. The best performance obtained is 100% for all the three metrics from the test cases of database-2 and 3. For database-1, average sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 99.71, 99.75, and 99.73% have been achieved, respectively for the 1-second epoch. The presented work shows better performance results compared to many previously reported works.

Periodization of American Comic Book – A New Proposal The article aims to present a new proposal for the periodization of the history of American comic books. The introduction deals with the problems of other propositions: the academic one created by Arthur Asa Berger and the so-called Olympic / Mainstream that is mainly used by industry artists and readers. The most critical short comings of these periodization are also listed, including them being outdated. The new proposal complements the deficiencies of the previous two: in its actuality, it focuses on the transformations of the comics genre caused by the socio-political implications of the events of September 11, 2001. Each epoch was given specific time frames, cut-off dates, events, and characteristics.

Monograph review: Tymoshenko L. Ruthenian religious culture of Vilna. Context of the epoch. Hubs. Literature and book-learning (XVI – the first third of the XVII century). Drohobych : Kolo, 2020. 796 p.

Background and purpose: Historically, sports training methodology, including soccer coaching, has been influenced by the pedagogic tend dominant in each epoch. Of late, the literature has espoused ...

Ideals as examples of the embodiment of the best qualities are a guideline for the further development of education. They play a fundamental role in determining the purpose and goals, features of the organization and implementation of educational activities. Ideals most fully reveal the creative nature of consciousness, which is able not only to reflect the world around, but also to create it. Reflecting the reality of the ideal, simultaneously evaluates it in terms of future prospects and possible trends. The effectiveness of the development and implementation of the ideal in the practice of education is possible provided that the needs and challenges of the era, so to speak, "the spirit of the era." It is a certain quality of social life, which concentrates language, production, technical innovations, dominant values, and so on. It is obvious that the "spirit of the epoch" manifests its vitality in certain forms of culture and thus makes a unique portrait of a particular historical epoch. Among a number of educational ideals on which educational practices are guided, the ideal of the educated person is fundamental. It is decisive in the education of any historical epoch, as it symbolizes the ability of education to correspond to the "spirit of the epoch" and to create it in the future. An educated person is not only one who knows about the world and himself, but also is able to use knowledge in practice. In fact, education itself is a certain set of meanings and considerations through which a person perceives himself and the world around him.

We present high-sensitivity, wide-band observations (704 to 4032 MHz) of the young to middle-aged radio pulsar J1452-6036, taken at multiple epochs before and, serendipitously, shortly after a glitch occurred on 2019 April 27. We obtained the data using the new ultra-wide-bandwidth low-frequency (UWL) receiver at the Parkes radio telescope, and we used Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques to estimate the glitch parameters robustly. The data from our third observing session began 3 h after the best-fitting glitch epoch, which we constrained to within 4 min. The glitch was of intermediate size, with a fractional change in spin frequency of $270.52(3) \times 10^{-9}$. We measured no significant change in spin-down rate and found no evidence for rapidly-decaying glitch components. We systematically investigated whether the glitch affected any radiative parameters of the pulsar and found that its spectral index, spectral shape, polarisation fractions, and rotation measure stayed constant within the uncertainties across the glitch epoch. However, its pulse-averaged flux density increased significantly by about 10 per cent in the post-glitch epoch and decayed slightly before our fourth observation a day later. We show that the increase was unlikely caused by calibration issues. While we cannot exclude that it was due to refractive interstellar scintillation, it is hard to reconcile with refractive effects. The chance coincidence probability of the flux density increase and the glitch event is low. Finally, we present the evolution of the pulsar's pulse profile across the band. The morphology of its polarimetric pulse profile stayed unaffected to a precision of better than 2 per cent., 11 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in MNRAS

Восстановление надводного флота Российской империи в 1906–1917 гг. происходило в условиях революционных сдвигов в мировой кораблестроительной технике. Произошел переход от традиционных поршневых паровых машин в качестве главного двигателя к турбинным механизмам. Для самостоятельного изготовления судовых турбин машиностроительным заводам в империи не хватало мощного металлургического оборудования и технологического опыта. В условиях спешной подготовки к войне правительство пожертвовало традиционным официальным принципом — строить все у себя, из отечественных материалов, своими силами. Турбинные двигатели для всех классов кораблей царский флот получал из Германии, Англии, Швейцарии и США. В России же производство турбин в основном сводилось к механической обработке стальных заготовок, полученных от зарубежных поставщиков, и последующей сборки под руководством специалистов из авторитетных в данной области западных фирм. В историографии вопроса наблюдается систематическое противоречие: достоверное фактически описание кораблестроительной практики, как правило, опровергает обобщения, основанные на преувеличенных представлениях о достигнутом заводской техникой России научно-производственном уровне. The restoration of the Imperial Russian surface fleet in 1900–1917 took place during major technological shifts in world shipbuilding. It was the time of transition from traditional reciprocating steam engines to turbine mechanisms. The Empire’s machine-building plants lacked powerful metallurgical equipment and technological experience required for production of ship turbines. Within the circumstances of rapid war preparations, the government shifted from traditional principles of self-production, towards using international resources and powers. The Imperial Russian Navy was supplied by turbine engines for all classes of ships by Germany, England, Switzerland and the USA. Turbine engines in Russia were manufactured by processing steel templates provided by foreign suppliers. Further construction of the engines took place under the supervision of experienced western entities. A systematic contradiction in the historiography on this issue can be seen. The author reveals a verified factually based descriptions of the shipmanufacturing process, and disapproves past general conclusions, which were based on the exaggerated notions about the level of Russian scientific and technological development.

This study explores the evolution of the concept of mindfulness over the last 104 years in terms of the content, practice, and research development of all relevant studies reported in the academic literature. We identified 15,764 mindfulness-related papers published between 1916 and 2019, and analyzed the frequency of publications, types of journals, keywords, and included disciplines. Using topic modeling methodology, hidden semantic structures were discovered in the collection of papers allowing the development of sets of topics. The results revealed a sharp increase in mindfulness research since 2000, a trend suggesting that research in this area has increased exponentially and may continue to do so for some time. The research was published in academic journals across a variety of subjects, from psychology to medicine. Three epochs of published studies emerged, these being epoch 1 (E1) (1916–1999), epoch 2 (E2) (2000–2009), and epoch 3 (E3) (2010–2019)—with the studies within each epoch containing different sets of frequently used keywords and research topics. In E1, publications largely reflected a theoretical or spiritual approach in their conceptualization of mindfulness that gradually shifted to more generalized pragmatism. This then evolved into more specific inquiry into a variety of mindfulness-based interventions in E2. In E3, the research moved towards more robust validation approaches for establishing the efficacy of therapeutic mindfulness programs and professionalizing those who deliver them. Our analysis suggests that future research could move towards a more in-depth examination of long-term, lifespan experiences with mindfulness. In addition, we propose that content experts from various fields need to work together to integrate diverse perspectives on mindfulness, thus deepening our knowledge of its fundamental nature, attributes, and potentialities.