163 results on '"Epithelial carcinoma"'
Search Results
2. Epstein–Barr Virus History and Pathogenesis.
- Author
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Yu, Hui and Robertson, Erle S.
- Subjects
- *
EPSTEIN-Barr virus , *LYMPHOBLASTOID cell lines , *B cells , *EPSTEIN-Barr virus diseases , *ONCOGENIC viruses , *MOLECULAR biology - Abstract
Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is the first identified human oncogenic virus that can establish asymptomatic life-long persistence. It is associated with a large spectrum of diseases, including benign diseases, a number of lymphoid malignancies, and epithelial cancers. EBV can also transform quiescent B lymphocytes into lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) in vitro. Although EBV molecular biology and EBV-related diseases have been continuously investigated for nearly 60 years, the mechanism of viral-mediated transformation, as well as the precise role of EBV in promoting these diseases, remain a major challenge yet to be completely explored. This review will highlight the history of EBV and current advances in EBV-associated diseases, focusing on how this virus provides a paradigm for exploiting the many insights identified through interplay between EBV and its host during oncogenesis, and other related non-malignant disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Sensitivity of Carcinoembryonic Antigen Level in Head and Neck, Breast, Lung, Genitourinary, Gastrointestinal Carcinoma
- Author
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Madiha Hashmi, Ghulam Haider, Muhammad Danish, Razia Irhsad, Anusha Hassan, and Salahuddin Khan
- Subjects
Carcinoembryonic antigen ,Epithelial carcinoma ,Histology ,Metastasis ,Medicine ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Objective: To determine the Carcinoembryonic Antigen Levels among patients with epithelial carcinoma presenting at a tertiary care hospital. Study Design: Prospective longitudinal study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Medical Oncology, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi Pakistan, from May 2019 to May 2020. Methodology: Two hundred six patients presenting with a confirmed diagnosis of epithelial carcinoma, aged more than 15 years and of either gender were enrolled in the study. The CEA levels in all the patients were measured using an ELISA kit. The CEA levels were classified as 0-3.0 ng/mL, 3.1-5.0 ng/mL, 5.1-10 ng/mL and >10ng/mL. Results: The mean age of the cancer patients was estimated as 47.30±14.10 years. Most patients had rectum carcinoma 28(13.59%), followed by CA sigmoid 25(12.14%), respectively. The median CEA level was estimated as 5.80ng/mL ranging from 0.82 to 1000 ng/mL. About 76 patients had CEA level >10ng/mL (36.9%), 55 had CEA level 0-3.0 ng/mL (26.7%), 43 had CEA level 3.1-5.0ng/mL (20.9%), and 32 had CEA level 5.1-10.0ng/mL (15.5%). A statistically significant difference in proportions of CEA levels was found for histological type (p=0.001), type of cancer (p=0.001) and number of Mets (p=0.003). Conclusion: Rectal cancer profoundly expressed carcinoembryonic antigen levels, followed by sigmoid, colon, and ovarian cancer. Moreover, there is a significant association among carcinoembryonic antigen levels, histology, type and metastasis of cancer.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Epstein–Barr Virus History and Pathogenesis
- Author
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Hui Yu and Erle S. Robertson
- Subjects
Epstein-Barr virus ,pathogenesis ,cancer induction ,lymphoma ,epithelial carcinoma ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is the first identified human oncogenic virus that can establish asymptomatic life-long persistence. It is associated with a large spectrum of diseases, including benign diseases, a number of lymphoid malignancies, and epithelial cancers. EBV can also transform quiescent B lymphocytes into lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) in vitro. Although EBV molecular biology and EBV-related diseases have been continuously investigated for nearly 60 years, the mechanism of viral-mediated transformation, as well as the precise role of EBV in promoting these diseases, remain a major challenge yet to be completely explored. This review will highlight the history of EBV and current advances in EBV-associated diseases, focusing on how this virus provides a paradigm for exploiting the many insights identified through interplay between EBV and its host during oncogenesis, and other related non-malignant disorders.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Tumors of the Female Reproductive Organs
- Author
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Gordon, Paul, Riebe, Genevieve, Paulman, Paul M., editor, Taylor, Robert B., editor, Paulman, Audrey A., editor, and Nasir, Laeth S., editor
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Is Prophylactic Radiotherapy to the Lymphatic Drainage Area Necessary for Patients With Stage III Ovarian Cancer After Chemotherapy Following Surgery?
- Author
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Shen J, Tao Y, Zhou J, Guan H, Zhen H, Yan J, Hou X, Liu Z, Hu K, and Zhang F
- Subjects
- Humans, Female, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Ovarian Neoplasms pathology, Ovarian Neoplasms therapy, Ovarian Neoplasms mortality, Adult, Aged, Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial therapy, Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial pathology, Cytoreduction Surgical Procedures methods, Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated methods, Radiotherapy, Adjuvant methods, Neoplasm Staging
- Abstract
Background: For patients with stage III epithelial ovarian cancer, there are limited studies on the effects of postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy (RT). Here we assessed the therapeutic efficacy and toxicity of postoperative radiotherapy to the abdominal and pelvic lymphatic drainage area for stage III epithelial ovarian cancer patients, who had all received surgery and chemotherapy (CT)., Methods: We retrospectively collected patients with stage III epithelial ovarian cancer after cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and full-course adjuvant CT. The chemoradiotherapy (CRT) group patients were treated with intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) to the abdominal and pelvic lymphatic drainage area in our hospital between 2010 and 2020. A propensity score matching analysis was conducted to compare the results between the CRT and CT groups. Kaplan-Meier analysis estimated overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and local control (LC) rates. The log-rank test determined the significance of prognostic factors., Results: A total of 132 patients with median follow-up of 73.9 months (9.1-137.7 months) were included (44 and 88 for the CRT and RT groups, retrospectively). The baseline characteristics of age, histology, level of CA12-5, surgical staging, residual tumour, courses of adjuvant CT, and courses to reduce CA12-5 to normal were all balanced. The median DFS time, 5-year OS, and local recurrence free survival (LRFS) were 100.0 months vs 25.9 months ( P = .020), 69.2% vs 49.9% ( P = .002), and 85.9% vs 50.5% ( P = .020), respectively. The CRT group mainly presented with acute haematological toxicities, with no statistically significant difference compared with grade III intestinal adverse effects (3/44 vs 6/88, P = .480)., Conclusion: This report demonstrates that long-term DFS could be achieved in stage III epithelial ovarian cancer patients treated with IMRT preventive radiation to the abdominal and pelvic lymphatic area. Compared with the CT group, DFS and OS were significantly prolonged and adverse effects were acceptable., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
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- 2024
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7. SOX2 and squamous cancers.
- Author
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Porter, Linsey and McCaughan, Frank
- Subjects
- *
DEVELOPMENTAL biology , *ONCOGENES , *CYTOLOGY , *TRANSCRIPTION factors , *STEM cells - Abstract
SOX2 is a pleiotropic nuclear transcription factor with major roles in stem cell biology and in development. Over the last 10 years SOX2 has also been implicated as a lineage-specific oncogene, notably in squamous carcinomas but also neurological tumours, particularly glioblastoma. Squamous carcinomas (SQCs) comprise a common group of malignancies for which there are no targeted therapeutic interventions. In this article we review the molecular epidemiological and laboratory evidence linking SOX2 with squamous carcinogenesis, explore in detail the multifaceted impact of SOX2 in SQC, describe areas of uncertainty and highlight areas for potential future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Molecular basis of arsenite (As+3)-induced acute cytotoxicity in human cervical epithelial carcinoma cells
- Author
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Muhammad Nauman Arshad, Muhammad Atif Nisar, Mohsin Khurshid, Syed Zajif Hussain, Umer Maqsood, Muhammad Tahir Asghar, and Jawad Nazir
- Subjects
apoptosis ,epithelial carcinoma ,cytotoxicity ,arsenite ,caspases ,Pakistan ,Medicine - Abstract
Background: Rapid industrialization is discharging toxic heavy metals into the environment, disturbing human health in many ways and causing various neurologic, cardiovascular, and dermatologic abnormalities and certain types of cancer. The presence of arsenic in drinking water from different urban and rural areas of the major cities of Pakistan, for example, Lahore, Faisalabad, and Kasur, was found to be beyond the permissible limit of 10 parts per billion set by the World Health Organization. Therefore the present study was initiated to examine the effects of arsenite (As+3) on DNA biosynthesis and cell death. Methods: After performing cytotoxic assays on a human epithelial carcinoma cell line, expression analysis was done by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and flow cytometry. Results: We show that As+3 ions have a dose- and time-dependent cytotoxic effect through the activation of the caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway. In contrast to previous research, the present study was designed to explore the early cytotoxic effects produced in human cells during exposure to heavy dosage of As+3 (7.5 µg/ml). Even treatment for 1 h significantly increased the mRNA levels of p21 and p27 and caspases 3, 7, and 9. It was interesting that there was no change in the expression levels of p53, which plays an important role in G2/M phase cell cycle arrest. Conclusion: Our results indicate that sudden exposure of cells to arsenite (As+3) resulted in cytotoxicity and mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis resulting from up-regulation of caspases.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Regulatory T Cells: A New Frontier in Cancer Immunotherapy
- Author
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Barnett, Brian G., Rüter, Jens, Kryczek, Ilona, Brumlik, Michael J., Cheng, Pui Joan, Daniel, Benjamin J., Coukos, George, Zou, Weiping, Curiel, Tyler J., Coukos, George, editor, Berchuck, Andrew, editor, and Ozols, Robert, editor
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Sensitivity of Carcinoembryonic Antigen Level in Head and Neck, Breast, Lung, Genitourinary, Gastrointestinal Carcinoma.
- Author
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Hashmi, Madiha
- Subjects
- *
CARCINOEMBRYONIC antigen , *CARCINOMA , *RECTAL cancer , *CANCER patients , *NECK - Abstract
Objective: To determine the Carcinoembryonic Antigen Levels among patients with epithelial carcinoma presenting at a tertiary care hospital. Study Design: Prospective longitudinal study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Medical Oncology, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi Pakistan, from May 2019 to May 2020. Methodology: Two hundred six patients presenting with a confirmed diagnosis of epithelial carcinoma, aged more than 15 years and of either gender were enrolled in the study. The CEA levels in all the patients were measured using an ELISA kit. The CEA levels were classified as 0-3.0 ng/mL, 3.1-5.0 ng/mL, 5.1-10 ng/mL and >10ng/mL. Results: The mean age of the cancer patients was estimated as 47.30±14.10 years. Most patients had rectum carcinoma 28(13.59%), followed by CA sigmoid 25(12.14%), respectively. The median CEA level was estimated as 5.80ng/mL ranging from 0.82 to 1000 ng/mL. About 76 patients had CEA level >10ng/mL (36.9%), 55 had CEA level 0-3.0 ng/mL (26.7%), 43 had CEA level 3.1-5.0ng/mL (20.9%), and 32 had CEA level 5.1-10.0ng/mL (15.5%). A statistically significant difference in proportions of CEA levels was found for histological type (p=0.001), type of cancer (p=0.001) and number of Mets (p=0.003). Conclusion: Rectal cancer profoundly expressed carcinoembryonic antigen levels, followed by sigmoid, colon, and ovarian cancer. Moreover, there is a significant association among carcinoembryonic antigen levels, histology, type and metastasis of cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Prognostic Impact of the Time Interval between Surgery and Postoperative Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Epithelial Carcinoma of the Ovary
- Author
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B Chan, Wwl Yip, Fcs Wong, and Jns Cheng
- Subjects
Oncology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Adjuvant chemotherapy ,business.industry ,Epithelial carcinoma ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Interval (graph theory) ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Ovary ,business - Published
- 2021
12. Paired-Box Gene 8 (PAX8) and Its Association With Epithelial Carcinomas
- Author
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Anwar Khedr, Jaskamal Padda, Fahriba Tasnim, Ola A Al-Ewaidat, Gutteridge Jean-Charles, Vinay Patel, Khalid Khizer, Dina Ismail, and Victor Yosef Melt Campos
- Subjects
renal cell carcinoma ,endometrial carcinoma ,ocular epithelial carcinoma ,Thyroid carcinoma ,paired-box gene family ,Renal cell carcinoma ,Ovarian carcinoma ,medicine ,Genetics ,Internal Medicine ,epithelial carcinoma ,business.industry ,Thyroid ,thymic epithelial carcinoma ,General Engineering ,Cancer ,medicine.disease ,thyroid carcinoma ,ovarian carcinoma ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Oncology ,paired-box gene 8 (pax8) ,Cancer research ,Immunohistochemistry ,cervical carcinoma ,PAX8 ,Ovarian cancer ,business - Abstract
Cancer is the second most common culprit of mortality in the United States and epithelial carcinomas are considered as one of the most predominant types of cancer. The association between epithelial cancers and paired-box gene 8 (PAX8) has been studied significantly before. PAX8 belongs to the paired-box gene family, which plays an important role in the organogenesis of different body organ systems, especially the thyroid gland, the renal system, and the Mullerian system. Immunohistochemical staining is being used to detect PAX8 expression in different epithelial cancers and differentiate them from PAX8-negative tumors. In follicular, papillary, and anaplastic thyroid carcinomas, targeting the PAX8/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) fusion protein is being considered as a potential mechanism for therapy. Moreover, because of its high expression in primary ovarian cancers, PAX8 is being considered as a target for ovarian cancer treatment as well. More studies are needed to test the possibility of using PAX8 as a possible target for managing endometrial carcinomas. In this article, we review the functions of the PAX8 gene, how its mutations lead to the development of certain epithelial carcinomas, how it can be used as a diagnostic or a prognostic marker, and its potential as a therapeutic target for these cancers.
- Published
- 2021
13. Diagnostic Value of Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule Flow Cytometry for Diagnosis of Metastatic Carcinoma in Serous Effusions.
- Author
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Khodadadi N and Mokhtari M
- Subjects
- Male, Female, Animals, Mice, Humans, Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule, Flow Cytometry, Prospective Studies, Bayes Theorem, Carcinoma, Pleural Effusion, Malignant diagnosis, Pleural Effusion, Malignant metabolism
- Abstract
Introduction: Malignant serous effusions are common in metastatic carcinomas. Although cytomorphology is recognized as the gold standard diagnostic method, it exhibits moderate sensitivity. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic value of immunophenotyping with a single epithelial marker, known as the epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM, CD326), in discriminating malignant metastatic carcinomas of serous fluids., Methods: This prospective study was conducted on suspicious or confirmed cases of malignant tumors from September 16, 2019, to June 21, 2020. Serous fluid samples were assessed via cytomorphology using the Wright-Papanicolaou method and the anti-EpCAM mouse monoclonal antibody (clone VU-1D9) flow cytometry. The EpCAM(+)/CD45(-) immunophenotype was defined as the metastatic involvement of carcinoma in the serous cavity., Results: A total of 118 samples (90 females and 28 males; mean age, 54.04 ± 16.14 years), collected from peritoneal and pleural fluids, were examined in this study. Five samples (4.24%) were positive in both EpCAM flow cytometry and cytology, while 102 samples (86.44%) were negative for both EpCAM flow cytometry and cytology, yielding an overall agreement of 92%, 84%, and 90.7% for the peritoneal, pleural, and total samples, respectively. Based on the Bayesian latent class model, the EpCAM flow cytometry showed sensitivity and specificity of 58.5% (95% CI: 0.3, 99.7) and 96.2% (95% CI: 47.8, 100), respectively. The corresponding values were 68.7% (95% CI: 0.3, 99.9) and 96.1% (95% CI: 47, 100) for cytology, respectively., Conclusion: The EpCAM flow cytometry and cytology showed comparable performance in detecting metastatic effusions. The EpCAM flow cytometry might have a diagnostic value in decreasing the false-negative rate of cytomorphology, while maintaining excellent specificity., (© 2023 S. Karger AG, Basel.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. CA 50
- Author
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Haglund, Caj, Kuusela, Pentti, Roberts, Peter J., Jalanko, Hannu, and Sell, Stewart, editor
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- 1992
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Clinicopathological Examination of Metaplastic Spindle Cell Carcinoma of the Breast: Case Series
- Author
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Yumiko Ishizuka, Atsushi Arakawa, Naotake Yanagisawa, Yoshiya Horimoto, Mitsue Saito, and Katsuya Nakai
- Subjects
PD-L1 ,Cancer Research ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,biology ,business.industry ,Histological type ,Epithelial carcinoma ,Metaplastic carcinoma ,Cell ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,medicine.disease ,spindle cell carcinoma of the breast ,metaplastic carcinoma ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Breast cancer ,Oncology ,biology.protein ,Medicine ,business ,RC254-282 ,Spindle cell carcinoma ,Original Research - Abstract
Background: Spindle cell carcinoma (SpCC) of the breast is a rare histological type, a subtype of metaplastic carcinoma characterized by atypical spindle cell and epithelial carcinoma. The proportions of the spindle cell and epithelial components vary among tumours. Due to its rarity, biological characteristics of this disease have been poorly studied. Methods: In total, 10 patients with SpCC were surgically treated at our institution from January 2007 to December 2018. We retrospectively investigated these SpCC cases, focusing on the differences between spindle cell and epithelial components. Microsatellite status was also examined. Results: Nine cases were triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). The rates of high tumour grade were 70% in spindle cell components and 56% in epithelial components ( P = .65), while the mean Ki67 labelling index were 63% and 58%, respectively ( P = .71). Mean programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in these components was 11% and 1%, respectively ( P = .20). All 10 tumours were microsatellite stable. Patient outcomes of triple-negative SpCC did not differ from those of propensity-matched patients with conventional TNBC. Conclusions: Spindle cell components showed higher values in factors examined, although there was no statistically significant difference. Our data reveal that these 2 components of SpCC may be of different biological nature.
- Published
- 2021
16. Os Desafios do Diagnóstico e Manejo Clínico da Leucoplasia Oral: Um Estudo Bibliométrico
- Author
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Valéria Souza Freitas, Alessandra Laís Pinho Valente Pires, Camila Santos Soares, Sarah Kelly Carneiro da Silva, and José Carlos Costa dos Santos Júnior
- Subjects
Gynecology ,Oral leukoplakia ,SciELO ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Epithelial carcinoma ,medicine ,General Medicine ,Histopathological examination ,Oral cavity ,medicine.disease ,business ,Leukoplakia - Abstract
Introducao: A Leucoplasia Oral (LO) e a mais frequente desordem potencialmente maligna da cavidade bucal, que expoe uma intima correlacao com o carcinoma de celulas escamosas. Objetivo: Revisar a literatura indicando os aspectos de interesse dos cirurgioes-dentistas sobre as caracteristicas clinicas, histopatologicas e manejo clinico da leucoplasia, ressaltando a importância do seu diagnostico precoce. Metodologia: Realizou-se um estudo bibliometrico, mediante pesquisa nas bases de dados: Portal academico do CAPES, Scielo, Biblioteca Virtual em Saude (BVS) e PUBMED, em que foram incluidos artigos cientificos em portugues, espanhol e ingles, no periodo de 2000 a 2019. Resultados: Foram encontrados 693 artigos, sendo que, apos analise dos criterios de elegibilidade, foram selecionados 33 artigos. A etiologia da LO permanece incerta. Apresenta-se frequentemente em regiao de mucosa jugal e lingua. Dificuldades sao estabelecidas no diagnostico pela semelhanca com outras lesoes orais brancas. O exame histopatologico e o padrao-ouro para diagnostico e para avaliar o seu potencial de transformacao maligna. Conclusao: Os profissionais devem ter conhecimento sobre a LO devido a semelhanca que compartilha com outras lesoes brancas, por seu potencial de malignizacao e o seu impacto na qualidade de vida do paciente. Palavras-chave: Câncer Oral. Leucoplasia Oral. Diagnostico Precoce. ABSTRACT Introduction: Leukoplakia is the most frequent potentially malignant disorder of the oral cavity, in which it exhibits an intimate correlation with squamous epithelial carcinoma. Objective: Review the literature indicating the aspects of interest of dental surgeons about the clinical, histopathological and clinical management of LO, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis. Methodology: A review of the literature was carried out by searching the databases: CAPES, SciELO, Virtual Health Library (VHL) and PubMED. Where the inclusion criteria were: scientific articles in portuguese, spanish and english, from 2000-2019. Results: We found 693 articles, and after analyzing the exclusion criteria, 33 articles were identified for review. The etiology of LO remains uncertain. It often presents in the region of the jugal mucosa and tongue. Difficulties are established in the diagnosis by resemblance to other white oral lesions. Histopathological examination is the gold standard for diagnosis and for assessing its potential for malignant transformation. Conclusion: It is corroborated that the dentist should be aware of the LO due to the similarity he shares with other white lesions, its potential for malignancy and its impact on the patient's quality of life. Keywords: Oral cancer. Oral Leukoplakia. Early Diagnosis.
- Published
- 2019
17. BiVO4/Fe3O4@polydopamine superparticles for tumor multimodal imaging and synergistic therapy
- Author
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Guan Wang, Ze Wang, Shuwei Liu, Yi Liu, Tingting Kang, Haoyang Zou, Lu Wang, and Yu Chong
- Subjects
lcsh:Medical technology ,Materials science ,lcsh:Biotechnology ,medicine.medical_treatment ,education ,Biomedical Engineering ,Pharmaceutical Science ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Bioengineering ,Computed tomography ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Superparticles ,Multimodal imaging ,lcsh:TP248.13-248.65 ,medicine ,Synergy therapy ,Therapeutic strategy ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Epithelial carcinoma ,BiVO4 nanoparticles ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,Photothermal therapy ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Mr imaging ,0104 chemical sciences ,Radiation therapy ,lcsh:R855-855.5 ,Molecular Medicine ,0210 nano-technology ,Fe3O4 nanoparticles ,Biomedical engineering - Abstract
Background Despite tremendous progress has been achieved in tumor theranostic over the past decade, accurate identification and complete eradication of tumor cells remain a great challenge owing to the limitation of single imaging modality and therapeutic strategy. Results Herein, we successfully design and construct BiVO4/Fe3O4@polydopamine (PDA) superparticles (SPs) for computed tomography (CT)/photoacoustic (PA)/magnetic resonance (MR) multimodal imaging and radiotherapy (RT)/photothermal therapy (PTT) synergistic therapy toward oral epithelial carcinoma. On the one hand, BiVO4 NPs endow BiVO4/Fe3O4@PDA SPs with impressive X-ray absorption capability due to the high X-ray attenuation coefficient of Bi, which is beneficial for their utilization as radiosensitizers for CT imaging and RT. On the other hand, Fe3O4 NPs impart BiVO4/Fe3O4@PDA SPs with the superparamagnetic property as a T2-weighted contrast agent for MR imaging. Importantly, the aggregation of Fe3O4 NPs in SPs and the presence of PDA shell greatly improve the photothermal conversion capability of SPs, making BiVO4/Fe3O4@PDA SPs as an ideal photothermal transducer for PA imaging and PTT. By integrating advantages of various imaging modalities (CT/PA/MR) and therapeutic strategies (RT/PTT), our BiVO4/Fe3O4@PDA SPs exhibit the sensitive multimodal imaging feature and superior synergistic therapeutic efficacy on tumors. Conclusions Since there are many kinds of building blocks with unique properties appropriating for self-assembly, our work may largely enrich the library of nanomateirals for tumor diagnosis and treatment.
- Published
- 2021
18. Increased expression of neuropilin 1 is associated with epithelial ovarian carcinoma.
- Author
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HAIYAN JIANG, QINGHUA XI, FEIRAN WANG, ZHICHAO SUN, ZHONGWEI HUANG, and LEI QI
- Subjects
- *
OVARIAN cancer treatment , *NEUROPILINS , *CELL adhesion molecules , *MEMBRANE proteins , *POLYMERASE chain reaction - Abstract
Neuropilin 1 (NRP1) is a transmembrane glycoprotein, which interacts with vascular endothelial growth factor to prevent tumor cell apoptosis and to regulate angiogenesis. However, the precise role of NRP1 in epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) remains to be elucidated. The present study aimed to determine the association between NRP1 and EOC. The expression of NRP1 in ovarian cancer and normal ovarian epithelial tissues was investigated by immunofluorescence, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blotting. The association between the expression of NRP1 with the development of ovarian cancer, clinicopathological characteristics and survival were also analyzed. The results from immunofluorescence, RT-qPCR and western blot analysis demonstrated that NRP1 exhibited significant upregulation in EOC compared with normal ovarian epithelial specimens (P<0.05). The positive expression of NRP1 was higher in cancer tissues at an advanced International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage, and in cancer tissues with lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis compared with that in cancer tissues without lymph node or distant metastasis (P<0.05). Higher NRP1 expression strongly predicted a shorter survival time (P<0.001). The present findings suggested that increased NRP1 expression may be associated with the development of EOC. Therefore, NRP1 could be used as a valuable prognostic marker as well as a potential molecular therapy target for ovarian cancer patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Molecular basis of arsenite (As+3)-induced acute cytotoxicity in human cervical epithelial carcinoma cells.
- Author
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Arshad, Muhammad Nauman, Nisar, Muhammad Atif, Khurshid, Mohsin, Hussain, Syed Zajif, Maqsood, Umer, Asghar, Muhammad Tahir, and Nazir, Jawad
- Subjects
- *
CARCINOMA , *REGENERATION (Biology) , *EMBRYOLOGY , *CERVIX uteri diseases , *CYTOPROTECTION - Abstract
Background: Rapid industrialization is discharging toxic heavy metals into the environment, disturbing human health in many ways and causing various neurologic, cardiovascular, and dermatologic abnormalities and certain types of cancer. The presence of arsenic in drinking water from different urban and rural areas of the major cities of Pakistan, for example, Lahore, Faisalabad, and Kasur, was found to be beyond the permissible limit of 10 parts per billion set by the World Health Organization. Therefore the present study was initiated to examine the effects of arsenite (As+3) on DNA biosynthesis and cell death. Methods: After performing cytotoxic assays on a human epithelial carcinoma cell line, expression analysis was done by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and flow cytometry. Results: We show that As+3 ions have a dose- and time-dependent cytotoxic effect through the activation of the caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway. In contrast to previous research, the present study was designed to explore the early cytotoxic effects produced in human cells during exposure to heavy dosage of As+3 (7.5 mg/ml). Even treatment for 1 h significantly increased the mRNA levels of p21 and p27 and caspases 3, 7, and 9. It was interesting that there was no change in the expression levels of p53, which plays an important role in G2/M phase cell cycle arrest. Conclusion: Our results indicate that sudden exposure of cells to arsenite (As+3) resulted in cytotoxicity and mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis resulting from up-regulation of caspases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Application of novel targeted molecular imaging probes in the early diagnosis of upper urinary tract epithelial carcinoma
- Author
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Guodong Liao, Lijiang Wang, and Weiwen Yu
- Subjects
Cancer Research ,Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging ,Chemistry ,Epithelial carcinoma ,Cell ,Articles ,upper tract urothelial carcinoma ,Molecular medicine ,Photon upconversion ,near-infrared fluorescence imaging ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Oncology ,Biophysics ,medicine ,upconversion particles ,Molecular imaging ,Phase method ,Upper urinary tract - Abstract
Imaging techniques of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) are presently limited. Upconversion particles (UCPs) could be used to target tumors for imaging. The present study aimed to assess the value of a nano-UCP as a diagnostic probe for deep tumor tissue, including UTUC. Polymer-coated water-soluble UCPs were synthesized. The pH Low Insertion Peptide (pHLIP) polypeptide was synthesized using the solid phase method. The silane shell surface was modified to present amino or carboxyl groups. Succinimidyl 4-(N-maleimidomethyl)cyclohexane-1-carboxylate was used for the coupling of the polypeptide to the UCPs. An animal model of subcutaneous tumor was established in 4-week old nude mice using UTUC cells. Urinary tract epithelial cancer T24 cells were injected into the diaphragm below the heart. PHLIP-UCP solution (1 ml) was injected into the abdominal cavity of each animal. Optical detection was performed using a small animal living body multispectral imaging system. UCPs dispersed in chloroform emitted no light under natural light, while they emitted a green light when excited with a 980-nm laser. The maximum emission wavelength of Ho3+-doped UCPs was ~550 nm and the red emission region was ~650 nm. As the coated UCPs possessed a tendency to agglomerate and precipitate, the yield of the UCPs in the aqueous phase was reduced. Tumors could be successfully imaged in tumor-bearing mice. NaYF4: Yb, Ho3+ UPCs could be used for the detection of UTUC, thus further studies are required to determine if it could be used in larger animals with deeper tumors.
- Published
- 2018
21. Selective lysis of breast carcinomas by simultaneous stimulation of sodium channels and blockade of sodium pumps
- Author
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Harry J. Gould, T. David Ward, Dennis Paul, Jack Norleans, and Chasiti Reid
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Sodium ,Cellular homeostasis ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Ouabain ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,epithelial carcinoma ,medicine ,cancer ,sodium pumps ,sodium channels ,Sodium channel ,Cancer ,medicine.disease ,3. Good health ,Cytolysis ,030104 developmental biology ,Oncology ,chemistry ,targeted osmotic lysis ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Cancer cell ,Cancer research ,Intracellular ,Research Paper ,medicine.drug - Abstract
// Harry J. Gould III 1, 3, 5, 6, 7 , Jack Norleans 2 , T. David Ward 4 , Chasiti Reid 2 and Dennis Paul 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7 1 Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA 2 Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA 3 Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA 4 Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA 5 Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA 6 Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA 7 Center of Excellence for Oral and Craniofacial Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA Correspondence to: Harry J. Gould III, email: hgould@lsuhsc.edu Dennis Paul, email: dpaul@lsuhsc.edu Keywords: targeted osmotic lysis; epithelial carcinoma; cancer; sodium channels; sodium pumps Received: October 29, 2017 Accepted: February 21, 2018 Epub: February 26, 2018 Published: March 20, 2018 ABSTRACT Sodium influx through voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) coupled with balanced removal of sodium ions via Na + , K + -ATPase is a major determinant of cellular homeostasis and intracellular ionic concentration. Interestingly, many metastatic carcinomas express high levels of these channels. We hypothesized that if excess VGSCs are activated and Na + , K + -ATPase is simultaneously blocked, the intracellular Na + concentration should increase, resulting in water movement into the cell, causing swelling and lytic cell death. MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells over-express VGSCs by 7-fold. To test our hypothesis, we treated these cells in vitro with the Na + , K + -ATPase blocker, ouabain, and then stimulated with a sublethal electric current. For in vivo histologic and survival studies, MDA-MB-231 xenografts were established in Nu/J mice. Mice injected with saline or ouabain were electrically stimulated with trains of 10 msec 10V DC pulses. Within seconds to minutes, the cells swelled and lysed. MCF-10a cells, which express normal VGSCs levels, were unaffected by this treatment. Cells from the weakly-malignant cell line, MCF-7, which express 3-fold greater VGSCs than MCF-10a cells, displayed an intermediate time-to-lysis. The rate of lysis correlated directly with the degree of sodium channel expression and malignancy. We also demonstrated efficacy in cell lines from prostate, colon and lung carcinomas. Treated MDA-MB-231 xenografts showed 60–80% cell death. In survival studies, TOL-treated mice showed significantly slower tumor growth vs. controls. These results are evidence that this ”targeted osmotic lysis” represents a novel method for selectively killing cancer cells and warrants further investigation as a potential treatment for advanced and end-stage breast cancer.
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- 2018
22. Collision Tumors of the Ovary: Dermoid Cyst with Borderline Epithelial Ovarian Tumor with Metachronous Invasive Epithelial Carcinoma of Ovary- A Case Series
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Syed Basina Yasin, Syed Arshad, Abdul Wahid Mir, and Irfan Robbani
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Ovarian tumor ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Dermoid cyst ,business.industry ,Epithelial carcinoma ,Medicine ,Ovary ,business ,medicine.disease - Abstract
Collision tumor is defined as the coexistence of two or more Histologically distinct tumors adjacent to each other in the same organ without any histological intermixing. Although collision tumors can occur in many organs in the body, its occurrence in ovary is extremely rare. In our series of two patients, dermoid cyst was co-existing with borderline epithelial ovarian tumors in one patient, which is rarest of rare variety of collision tumors reported in ovary. In another patient, there was recurrence in the form of invasive epithelial ovarian malignancy. JMS 2018;21(1):37-39
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- 2018
23. Relaxin-Like Factor in the human thyroid
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Klonisch, Thomas, Hombach-Klonisch, Sabine, Fischer, Bernd, Hoang-Vu, Cuong, Tregear, Geoffrey W., editor, Ivell, Richard, editor, Bathgate, Ross A., editor, and Wade, John D., editor
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- 2001
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24. Involvement of VDAC1 and Bcl-2 family of proteins in VacA-induced cytochrome c release and apoptosis of gastric epithelial carcinoma cells.
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Chun Hui LAN, Jian Qiu SHENG, Dian Chun FANG, Qing Zhuang MENG, Li Lin FAN, and Zeng Rong HUANG
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- *
PROTEINS , *APOPTOSIS , *CANCER cells , *EPITHELIAL cells , *CYTOCHROMES - Abstract
OBJECTIVE: It is known that the vacuolating cytotoxin (VacA) could induce apoptosis. However, the mechanism remained to be elucidated. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of Bcl family of proteins (Bcl-2 and Bax) and the mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) in VacA-induced apoptosis of AGS cells. METHODS: Plasmid pGBKT7-VacA p58 was constructed and transfected into the AGS cells. RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to determine the expressions of cytochrome c, caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2 and VDAC1 mRNA and proteins. RESULTS: VacA p58 can induce cytochrome c release and activate caspase-3 in AGS cells. It up-regulated the expressions of Bax and VDAC1 mRNA and proteins, and decreased the expression of Bcl-2 in AGS cells. CONCLUSION: VacA p58 induces apoptosis in AGS cells. This apoptotic process is associated with the up-regulation of Bax/VDAC1 and downregulation of Bcl-2. These findings suggest that the release of cytochrome c by VacA p58 is mainly through VDAC-dependent and Bcl-2 family-dependent pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2010
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25. Molecular contrast of EGFR expression using gold nanoparticles as a reflectance-based imaging probe
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Kah, J.C.Y., Olivo, M.C., Lee, C.G.L., and Sheppard, C.J.R.
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- *
TISSUES , *CARCINOGENESIS , *LIGHT scattering , *NANOPARTICLES - Abstract
Abstract: Advanced reflectance-based optical techniques for in vivo imaging often suffer from low contrast between neoplastic and normal tissue and are unable to image early biomolecular changes associated with carcinogenesis, thus limiting their clinical value. In this study, we exploit the resonance light scattering property of gold nanoparticles at their surface plasmon resonance to develop them as potential molecular contrast probes for imaging biomolecular changes during carcinogenesis under reflectance-mode imaging techniques. Gold nanoparticles were synthesized and conjugated to anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Their localization on the EGFR of nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE2 cells and normal human lung fibroblast (NHLF) cells were imaged and compared under confocal microscopy in vitro. We have shown that the localization of gold bioconjugates on EGFR increases the reflectance properties of CNE2 cells and the regions of increased reflectance correspond to regions of high EGFR expression in the cells. The optical properties of normal fibroblast cells are not greatly affected. These gold bioconjugates are thus able to map the expression of relevant biomarkers and elicit an optical contrast for cancer cells over normal cells under confocal reflectance microscopy. Our study demonstrates the potential of gold nanoparticles to target and probe cancer cells and illuminates them for cancer detection under reflectance-based imaging systems based on biomolecular changes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2008
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26. APPLICATIONS OF GOLD NANOPARTICLES IN THE EARLY DETECTION OF CANCER.
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KHO, KIANG WEI, KAH, JAMES CHEN YONG, LEE, CAROLINE GUAT LENG, SHEPPARD, COLLIN JAMES RICHARD, SHEN, ZE XIANG, SOO, KHEE CHEE, and OLIVO, MALINI CAROLENE
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- *
ORAL cancer , *NANOPARTICLES , *CANCER diagnosis , *MORTALITY , *SURFACE enhanced Raman effect - Abstract
Worldwide, oral cancer is the sixth most common cancer for both sexes. In Singapore, the 5-year survival rate of oral cancer is about 50%. The high mortality rate has been attributed to the difficulties in detecting the disease in an early treatable stage. Here, we present two application examples of gold nanoparticles in the early detection of oral cancer. In the first, gold nanoparticles were used as a reflective contrast agent for performing molecular imaging under confocal reflectance microscopy for the early diagnosis of epithelial carcinoma. While in the second, closely-packed gold nanoparticle, films were used as a bio-sensing surface for the chemical analysis of saliva via Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering. Preliminary results will be discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2007
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27. Adhesivity оf standard and biofilm cultures of toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriaе strains
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G. G. Kharseeva, A. A. Alieva, O. I. Sylka, S. Yu. Tyukavkina, and L. P. Alekseeva
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food.ingredient ,biology ,Strain (chemistry) ,business.industry ,Epithelial carcinoma ,Diphtheria ,Pathogenicity Factors ,typical and biofilm cultures ,Corynebacterium ,Biofilm ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Microbiology ,adhesion ,food ,corynebacterium diphtheriaе ,Medicine ,Agar ,business ,Pathogen - Abstract
Background: Adhesion and ability to form a biofilm are considered among the leading pathogenicity factors of Corynebacterium diphtheriaе, responsible for bacterial carriage. It is exactly bacterial carriage that ensures the circulation of diphtheria pathogen strains in the inter-epidemic periods. Aim: To assess and compare adhesivity of standard and biofilm cultures of toxigenic C. diphtheriae strains. Materials and methods: We studied standard and biofilm (120 and 720 hour) cultures of C. diphtheriae strains. Their ability to form a biofilm was tested according to P. Watnick (2000). Adhesivity was assessed in the pharyngeal epithelial carcinoma Hep-2 cell culture with various time exposures (2, 8, and 18 hours). The amounts of C. diphtheriae adhered to Нер-2 cells were measured by culturing the swabs in the 20% serum agar with subsequent calculation of mean numbers of colony-forming units (CFU) per 1 mL. Results: All standard and biofilm cultures of the studied toxigenic strains of C. diphtheriae had adhesive properties of various degrees. The highest adhesivity was found in a circulating strain C. diphtheriae gravis tox+ (from 0.26 ± 0.01 to 203.3 ± 3.3 CFU/mL), which differed from the same parameters in other strains studied (from 0.03 ± 0.003 to 0.20 ± 0.01 CFU/mL). The lowest adhesivity after a 2-hour exposure was found both in the standard and biofilm cultures of C. diphtheriae gravis tox+ 6765, whereas after the exposure of 8 and 18 hours, the lowest adhesion properties were demonstrated by C. diphtheriae gravis with a “silent” tox gene and C. diphtheriae mitis tox+ 269. All cultures of toxigenic C. diphtheriae strains showed a statistically significant increase in their adhesivity (р ≤ 0.05) by 8 and 18 hour of cultivation. Conclusion: Circulating C. diphtheriae gravis tox+ strain demonstrated the highest adhesivity among all toxigenic strains of the diphtheria pathogens studied.
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- 2017
28. Assistance médicale à la procréation après traitement conservateur d'une tumeur de l'ovaire invasive ou à la limite de la malignité
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Fortin, A., Hazout, A., Thoury, A., Alvès, K., Bats, A.-S., Dhainaut, C., and Madelenat, P.
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- *
OVULATION , *MENSTRUAL cycle , *REPRODUCTIVE technology , *OVARIES - Abstract
Abstract: Objective. – Ovulation induction, the usual resort of Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART), has been suspected of carrying a responsibility in the genesis of ovarian tumours. For patients with a borderline or invasive ovarian tumour, treated by conservative surgery and desiring to become pregnant, the problem is thus of a possible resort to the Assisted Reproductive Technologies. Patients and methods. – This is a multicenter, national and retrospective study. 40 operated patients between January 1971 and January 2001 have been included. 27 patients (67.5%) had a borderline tumour, 10 (25%) a non-epithelial tumour (germinal or stromal) and 3 (7.5%) an epithelial invasive carcinoma. All these patients have benefited from a conservative surgical management of fertility. The Assisted Reproductive Technologies were simple stimulation for 5 women and IVF for the 35 others. The effectiveness and the risks of Assisted Reproductive Technologies have been estimated respectively by the number of pregnancies obtained and the recurrence rates. Results. – With a global follow-up of 372 months (January 1971: date of the primary surgical procedure – June 2002: closing of the study), 17 patients have obtained 17 pregnancies with the Assisted Reproductive Technologies, rate of 42.5% (17/40): 1 spontaneous abortion, 16 delivery with 23 children (triple pregnancies and 3 twin pregnancies). 3 patients treated for a borderline tumour have had a recurrence after induction of ovulation. Among the 40 patients, no one presented an evolved disease at the last news. The patients who had a recurrence had a delay to begin the Assisted Reproductive Technologies significantly lower than the patients who had no recurrence. Discussion and conclusion. – The assisted reproductive technologies for patients who had been treated for a borderline or invasive ovarian tumour, and who were infertile in spite of conservative management, have allowed 42.5% of these women to obtain a pregnancy and does not seem to increase significantly the risk of recurrence. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2005
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29. Caspase-independent cell death by allicin in human epithelial carcinoma cells: involvement of PKA
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Park, Sook-Young, Cho, Seong-Jun, Kwon, Hak-chul, Lee, Kang-Ro, Rhee, Dong-Kwon, and Pyo, Suhkneung
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- *
MITOCHONDRIA , *APOPTOSIS , *PROTEIN kinases , *EPITHELIAL cells , *PROTEIN metabolism , *CANCER , *COMPARATIVE studies , *DNA , *FLOW cytometry , *RESEARCH methodology , *MEDICAL cooperation , *MEMBRANE proteins , *PROTEINS , *PROTEOLYTIC enzymes , *RESEARCH , *STOMACH tumors , *TRANSFERASES , *EVALUATION research , *SULFUR acids , *CANCER cell culture - Abstract
Abstracts: Allicin, the major component of Garlic (Allium sativum) was examined for the ability to induce apoptosis and the mechanism of the induction of apoptosis in human epithelial carcinoma cells. Allicin inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis in gastric epithelial cells. Treatment with allicin resulted in morphological changes, DNA fragmentation, hypodiploid DNA contents and the translocation of Bax to mitochondria. The release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into the cytosol, which is an initiator of the activation of caspase cascades, was observed in allicin-treated cells. However, pretreatment with Z-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethylketone (Z-VAD-fmk), a broad spectrum of caspase inhibitor, could not rescue apoptotic cells from allicin toxicity. Coincidently, caspase-3 activation and cleavage of PARP were not detected. In addition, caspase independent apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) was released from mitochondria after treatment with allicin. After pre-incubation of cells with the protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor H-89, allicin was not capable of inducing an increase of the rate of apoptosis with affecting the expression levels of Bax and AIF. These data demonstrate that allicin induces a caspase-independent apoptotic pathway mediated by mitochondrial release of AIF and PKA appears to be involved in allicin-induced apoptosis in gastric epithelial cells. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2005
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30. Expression of immunoglobulin kappa light chain constant region in abnormal human cervical epithelial cells
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Li, Ming, Feng, De-yun, Ren, Wei, Zheng, Liang, Zheng, Hui, Tang, Min, and Cao, Ya
- Subjects
- *
CELLS , *EPITHELIAL cells , *MESSENGER RNA , *LEUCOCYTES , *CELL culture - Abstract
Although it is generally believed that, under normal conditions, the only source of immunoglobulin is mature B lymphocytes, we recently found several epithelium-derived carcinoma cell lines also express immunolglobulin-like protein. We extended our study to biopsy samples of human cervical tissues with various epithelial lesions. By in situ hybridization, we only detected a low level of mRNA for the immunoglobulin kappa light chain constant region in epithelia with cervicitis. However, in epithelia with dysplasia and carcinoma, the expression of mRNA for the kappa constant region was markedly increased. There was no significant difference in the level of mRNA for the kappa constant region between epithelial dysplasia and carcinoma. The aberrant expression of immunoglobulin kappa light chain constant region in dysplastic and cancerous cervical epithelial cells may serve as a marker for malignant cell transformation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2004
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31. Induction of apoptosis and expression of apoptosis related genes in human epithelial carcinoma cells by Helicobacter pylori VacA toxin
- Author
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Cho, Seong-Jun, Kang, Nam-Sung, Park, Sook-Young, Kim, Byung-Oh, Rhee, Dong-Kwon, and Pyo, Suhkneung
- Subjects
- *
HELICOBACTER pylori , *APOPTOSIS , *EPITHELIAL cells , *CANCER cells - Abstract
Virulence factors produced by Helicobacter pylori have been known to be associated with serious gastroduodenal diseases. The aims of this study were to clarify the apoptosis-inducing properties of vacuolating cytotoxin (VacA) and examine the expression of apoptosis related proteins in human epithelial carcinoma cells expressing (AGS) or lacking (Kato III) p53. The midregion VacA homolog from H. pylori strain Q35 (Korean isolate) was cloned, expressed and sequenced. Recombinant VacA (VacA418–799) inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis in gastric epithelial cells. Treatment with VacA418–799 resulted in morphological changes and DNA fragmentation. Cell cycle analysis revealed subdiploid cells suggesting apoptosis, which was confirmed by the activation of caspase-3 and cleavage of PARP. VacA418–799 also mediated a prolongation of the cell cycle progression in G1 phase. Furthermore, VacA418–799 increased the expression of p53, p21waf1/cip1 and Bax in AGS cells, but not in Kato III cells and did not affect the phosphorylation of Rb in both cell lines. These results indicate that recombinant VacA of H. pylori induces apoptosis in both Kato III and AGS cells, regardless of p53 status and suggest that VacA418–799 mediate the development of gastric diseases through cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase. VacA418–799 induction of apoptosis is associated with up-regulation of p53, p21waf1/cip1, Bax in AGS cells and activation of caspase-3 in both cell lines. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2003
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32. 340 Experience of the use of laparoscopic resectability index in patients with advanced ovary epithelial carcinoma in the instituto nacional de cancerologia. Bogota, colombia
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P Calderon, J Acosta, J. M. Torres, O Suescun, D Santana, and Juan J. Rodriguez
- Subjects
Univariate analysis ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Epithelial carcinoma ,Ovary ,Retrospective cohort study ,Serous fluid ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Medicine ,In patient ,Stage IIIC ,Radiology ,Stage (cooking) ,business - Abstract
Objectives Describe the experience of the laparoscopic resectability index (Fagotti score) to define primary cytoreduction versus neoadjuvant chemoterapy in patients with suspected advanced ovarian cancer from January 2017 to February 2019. Methods Descriptive, retrospective study. Patients with stage III-IV advanced ovarian epithelial cancer were included. Clinical, histopathological and surgical variables related to the procedure were analyzed. An univariate analysis was performed in the statistical program SPSS version 21. Results 14 cases are presented. The mean age was 58 years (+/- 8.2). 12 patients had stage IIIC and 2 stage IV. All were serous histological type, with 85.7% of high grade. The mean BMI was 24 (±3.4). All patients had ECOG between 0 and 1. In 85.7% of the cases the computed tomography was the preoperative image of choice.The score was ≥ 8 in 64% of the cases and Conclusions The laparoscopic resectability index is a useful tool to define the primary treatment in patients with advanced ovarian cancer, with low morbidity in our institution. It is necessary to perform prospective validation of these results.
- Published
- 2019
33. The efficacy and potential predictive factors of PD-1/PD-L1 blockades in epithelial carcinoma patients: a systematic review and meta analysis
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Yun Li, Qi Liu, Wei Dong, Wei Ma, Jiajun Du, Zhaofei Pang, Nan Ding, and Yufan Yang
- Subjects
Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Oncology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor ,Review ,B7-H1 Antigen ,Disease-Free Survival ,predictive factor ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Renal cell carcinoma ,Internal medicine ,PD-L1 ,epithelial carcinoma ,medicine ,Humans ,Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial ,Aged ,biology ,business.industry ,Epithelial carcinoma ,Hazard ratio ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Confidence interval ,Clinical trial ,030104 developmental biology ,Cardiothoracic surgery ,PD-1/PD-L1 blockades ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Meta-analysis ,outcome ,biology.protein ,Female ,Immunotherapy ,business - Abstract
// Yufan Yang 1,* , ZhaoFei Pang 1,* , Nan Ding 1 , Wei Dong 2 , Wei Ma 2 , Yun Li 2 , Jiajun Du 1,2 and Qi Liu 1 1 Institute of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, Peoples’s Republic of China 2 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, Peoples’s Republic of China 3 Department of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, Peoples’s Republic of China * These authors have contributed equally to this work Correspondence to: Jiajun Du, email: // Qi Liu, email: // Keywords : PD-1/PD-L1 blockades; epithelial carcinoma; predictive factor; outcome; immunotherapy Received : May 09, 2016 Accepted : August 11, 2016 Published : August 15, 2016 Abstract Background: This systematic analysis aims to assess the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 blockades compared with non-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy and investigate the potential predictive factors in epithelial carcinoma patients. Results: A total of 11 trials with 6716 patients of melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) were included. The pooled HRs (95%CI) were 0.67 (0.62, 0.73), p < 0.001 for OS and 0.66 (0.57, 0.76), p < 0.001 for PFS. In subgroup analyses, HRs were 0.58 (0.50, 0.66), p < 0.001 in PD-L1 ≥ 1% group, 0.75 (0.63, 0.89), p = 0.001 in PD-L1 < 1% group for OS and 0.59 (0.48, 0.72), p < 0.001 in PD-L1 ≥ 1% group, 0.80 (0.59, 1.07), p = 0.136 in PD-L1 < 1% group for PFS. The p values of pooled HRs for OS in different age, sex and ECOG score groups were less than 0.001. In NSCLC patients, aggregated HRs for OS were 1.40 (0.92, 2.12), p = 0.114 in EGFR mutant group and 0.88 (0.59, 1.32), p = 0.536 in never smokers. Methods: A systematic search from January 2010 to April 2016 was conducted for eligible clinical trials. Based on the data of hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS), we assessed the pooled HRs and proposed the subgroup analyses. Conclusions: PD-1/PD-L1 blockades prolonged OS and PFS in epithelial carcinoma patients. PD-L1 expression was a predictive factor for PFS but not predictive for OS. Age, sex and ECOG score were excluded to predict any of the efficacy endpoints. Smoking history and EGFR wild type were associated with extended OS in NSCLC patients.
- Published
- 2016
34. Epithelial Carcinoma of Ovary
- Author
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Pranab Dey
- Subjects
medicine.anatomical_structure ,Epithelial carcinoma ,Cancer research ,medicine ,Ovary ,Biology - Published
- 2018
35. Paired-Box Gene 8 (PAX8) and Its Association With Epithelial Carcinomas.
- Author
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Khizer K, Padda J, Khedr A, Tasnim F, Al-Ewaidat OA, Patel V, Ismail D, Campos VYM, and Jean-Charles G
- Abstract
Cancer is the second most common culprit of mortality in the United States and epithelial carcinomas are considered as one of the most predominant types of cancer. The association between epithelial cancers and paired-box gene 8 (PAX8) has been studied significantly before. PAX8 belongs to the paired-box gene family, which plays an important role in the organogenesis of different body organ systems, especially the thyroid gland, the renal system, and the Müllerian system. Immunohistochemical staining is being used to detect PAX8 expression in different epithelial cancers and differentiate them from PAX8-negative tumors. In follicular, papillary, and anaplastic thyroid carcinomas, targeting the PAX8/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) fusion protein is being considered as a potential mechanism for therapy. Moreover, because of its high expression in primary ovarian cancers, PAX8 is being considered as a target for ovarian cancer treatment as well. More studies are needed to test the possibility of using PAX8 as a possible target for managing endometrial carcinomas. In this article, we review the functions of the PAX8 gene, how its mutations lead to the development of certain epithelial carcinomas, how it can be used as a diagnostic or a prognostic marker, and its potential as a therapeutic target for these cancers., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2021, Khizer et al.)
- Published
- 2021
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36. 2-O-Octadecylascorbic acid represses RhoGDIβ expression and ameliorates DNA damage-induced abnormal spindle orientations.
- Author
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Doi N, Togari H, Minagi K, Iwaoka Y, Tai A, Nakaoji K, Hamada K, and Tatsuka M
- Subjects
- Ascorbic Acid pharmacology, HeLa Cells, Humans, Spindle Apparatus drug effects, Spindle Apparatus metabolism, Ascorbic Acid analogs & derivatives, DNA Damage, Gene Expression Regulation drug effects, Spindle Apparatus pathology, rho Guanine Nucleotide Dissociation Inhibitor beta antagonists & inhibitors
- Abstract
The appropriate regulation of spindle orientation maintains proper tissue homeostasis and avoids aberrant tissue repair or regeneration. Spindle misorientation due to imbalance or improper functioning leads to a loss of tissue integrity and aberrant growth, such as tissue loss or overgrowth. Pharmacological manipulation to prevent spindle misorientation will enable a better understanding of how spindle orientation is involved in physiological and pathological conditions and will provide therapeutic possibilities to treat patients associated with abnormal tissue function caused by spindle misorientation. N-terminal-deleted Rho guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor β (RhoGDIβ/RhoGDI2/LyGDI) produced by caspase-3 activation perturbs spindle orientation in surviving cells following exposure to either ionizing radiation or UVC. Thus, presumably, RhoGDIβ cleaved by caspase-3 activation acts as a determinant of radiation-induced spindle misorientation that promote aberrant tissue repair due to deregulation of directional organization of cell population and therefore becomes a potential target of drugs to prevent such response. The objective of this study was to screen and identify chemicals that suppress RhoGDIβ expression. We focused our attention on ascorbic acid (AA) derivatives because of their impact on the maintenance of skin tissue homeostasis. Here, we screened for AA derivatives that suppress RhoGDIβ expression in HeLa cells and identified a lipophilic derivative, 2-O-octadecylascorbic acid (2-OctadecylAA), as a novel RhoGDIβ inhibitor that ameliorated ionizing radiation-induced abnormal spindle orientations. Among all examined AA derivatives, which were also antioxidative, the inhibition activity was specific to 2-OctadecylAA. Therefore, this activity was not due to simple antioxidant properties. 2-OctadecylAA was previously shown to prevent hepatocellular carcinoma development. Our findings suggest that the anticarcinogenic effects of 2-OctadecylAA are partly due to RhoGDIβ inhibition mechanisms by which spindle orientation perturbations are attenuated. Thus, the molecular targeting features of RhoGDIβ warrant its further development for the treatment or control of spindle orientation abnormalities that affect epithelial homeostasis., (© 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
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- 2021
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37. Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of [benzo[b][1,4]oxazepino[7,6,5-de]quinolin-2-yl]-1,3-tropolones
- Author
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Hoang Lam, Yurii A. Sayapin, Vitaly N. Komissarov, Nguyen Dang Duc, and Duong Nghia Bang
- Subjects
Stereochemistry ,Chemistry ,Epithelial carcinoma ,Organic Chemistry ,Quinoline ,medicine.disease ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Epidermoid carcinoma ,Cell culture ,Carcinoma ,medicine ,Cytotoxic T cell ,Cytotoxicity ,IC50 - Abstract
We describe the synthesis of previously unknown halogenated derivatives of 2-(benzo[b][1,4]oxazepino[7,6,5-de]quinolin-2-yl)-1,3-tropolone. The MTT colorimetric assay was used to detect anticancer activity and inhibition of human epidermoid carcinoma (KB human epithelial carcinoma cell line) growth by 9,11-di(tert-butyl)-5-chloro-2,4-dimethyl-7Н-enzo[b][1,4]oxazepino[7,6,5-de]quinoline at IC50 93.7 μg/ml, and human breast carcinoma (MCF-7 cell line) growth by 2-[7-acetyl-9,11-di(tert-butyl)-5-chloro-4-methylbenzo[b][1,4]-oxazepino[7,6,5-de]quinolin-2-yl]-5,6,7-trichloro-1,3-tropolone at IC50 12.96 μg/ml.
- Published
- 2015
38. Isolated brain metastasis – A rare site of recurrence in a recurrent epithelial carcinoma ovary
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Chandragouda Dodagoudar, Jyoti Talwar, Sajjan Rajpurohit, Deepika Chauhan, Vineet Talwar, and Shubhra Raina
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Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Chemotherapy ,Adjuvant chemotherapy ,business.industry ,Epithelial carcinoma ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Ovary ,Isolated brain ,medicine.disease ,Metastasis ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Frontal lobe ,medicine ,Neurology (clinical) ,business ,Brain metastasis - Abstract
A 40-year-old lady presented with 15 months after completion of adjuvant chemotherapy with headache and impaired memory. MRI brain revealed isolated frontal lobe metastasis. She underwent surgical excision, whole brain RT followed by six cycles of chemotherapy.
- Published
- 2015
39. Manifestation of osteoblastic phenotypes in the sarcomatous component of epithelial carcinoma and sarcomatoid carcinoma
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Syunji Nishimura, Teppei Murakami, Azusa Yoneshige, Man Hagiyama, Akihiko Ito, Masao Akagi, Yasutoshi Takashima, and Takao Inoue
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Adult ,Male ,Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ,Cell ,Immunoglobulins ,Biology ,Tetraspanin 24 ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Biomarkers, Tumor ,Humans ,Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial ,Sarcomatoid carcinoma ,RC254-282 ,Aged ,Cuboidal Cell ,Aged, 80 and over ,Osteoblasts ,Epithelial carcinoma ,Carcinoma ,Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,Osteoblast ,Cell Differentiation ,Sarcoma ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,Sarcomatous Component ,medicine.disease ,Alkaline Phosphatase ,Phenotype ,Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Sp7 Transcription Factor ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Cancer research ,Female ,Cell Adhesion Molecules ,Transcription Factors - Abstract
Epithelial carcinomas occasionally have sarcomatous components that consist primarily of spindle and cuboidal cells, which often resemble osteoblasts. Sarcomatoid carcinomas consist of similar cells. Recent studies have characterized these phenomena as a manifestation of epithelial–mesenchymal transition in carcinoma cells, but the mesenchymal phenotypes that manifest in sarcomatous cells of epithelial carcinomas are not well understood. Here, we examined the expression profiles of four osteoblastic differentiation biomarkers in the sarcomatous components of multiple carcinoma types, including five renal clear cell, four breast invasive ductal, two esophageal, one maxillary squamous cell, three larynx, three lung, one liver, and one skin sarcomatoid carcinoma. Expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry using antibodies against cell adhesion molecule 1, a member of the IgCAM superfamily, osterix transcription factor (Osterix), cluster of differentiation 151, a transmembrane 4 superfamily member, and alkaline phosphatase. Immunostaining intensity was rated in scale 0 (negative), 0.5 (weak), and 1 (strong) for each marker, and the four scale values were summed to calculate osteoblastic scores. In all, 10 cases had a osteoblastic score ≥3, and all of these 10 cases were cell adhesion molecule 1- and Osterix-positive. Eight and five of the nine samples with a osteoblastic score
- Published
- 2017
40. Correlation between polymorphism (-1082) of interleukin-10 and the injury of development cancer of skin
- Author
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Flávia Hoffmann Palu, Gustavo Borba de Miranda, Daniela Rigo, Everton Boff, Giovana Regina Weber, Luciane Franz, and Eduardo Ottobelli Chielle
- Subjects
Interleukin 10 ,business.industry ,Epithelial carcinoma ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Cancer research ,Medicine ,Immunosuppression ,business - Published
- 2017
41. Five Cases of Non-Hodgkin B-Cell Lymphoma of the Ovary
- Author
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Emek Doğer, Emre Köle, Eray Caliskan, Ayfer Gedük, İzzet Yücesoy, Ilker Kahramanoglu, and Taylan Şenol
- Subjects
Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Epithelial carcinoma ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Case Report ,Ovary ,medicine.disease ,lcsh:Gynecology and obstetrics ,Lymphoma ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,immune system diseases ,hemic and lymphatic diseases ,Ovarian Lymphoma ,Biopsy ,medicine ,Radical surgery ,business ,B-cell lymphoma ,Ovary biopsy ,lcsh:RG1-991 - Abstract
The involvement of the ovary in lymphomatous process is rare. Such an involvement may occur in 2 ways, primary or secondary. We report 5 cases of ovarian non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, with 3 of which primarily arising in the ovaries. Ovarian lymphoma can mimic more frequently occurring tumors including advanced epithelial carcinoma and radical surgery may be performed instead of a biopsy. The immunophenotypic and clinicopathologic features exhibited in this small series are described to call attention to early diagnosis and treatment of ovarian lymphoma. All patients were diagnosed as having DLBCL after ovary biopsy. Different treatment modalities were used and prognosis of the patients was reported.
- Published
- 2014
42. Phase I (safety assessment) of durvalumab (MEDI4736) with focal sensitizing radiotherapy in platinum resistant ovarian, primary peritoneal or fallopian tube epithelial carcinoma
- Author
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Paul Hoskins, Julian J. Lum, Kathy Han, Anna V. Tinker, Stephanie Lheureux, Mitchell Liu, Daniel Khalaf, Christina Aquino-Parsons, and Peter Lim
- Subjects
Cancer Research ,Programmed cell death ,Durvalumab ,business.industry ,Epithelial carcinoma ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Radiation therapy ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Oncology ,Immunogenic tumor ,Cancer research ,Medicine ,business ,Platinum resistant ,Fallopian tube - Abstract
TPS5604 Background: Radiation (RT) of malignant neoplasms can induce immunogenic tumor cell death, alter the tumor micro-environment and enhance recruitment of anti-tumor T cells. Co-administration of focal RT and an immune checkpoint-inhibiting agent may overcome immune-suppressive signals and potentiate systemic responses. A phase I study is underway to assess the safety of RT combined with PD-L1 inhibition in patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian/fallopian tube/peritoneal carcinomas (OV). Methods: Women with platinum resistant epithelial OV, ECOG PS 0/1 and ≤ 2 lines of treatment in the platinum-resistant setting are eligible. 1 lesion evaluable by RECIST criteria (v 1.1) and 2 additional lesions suitable for RT (minimal treatment volume 4cc) are required. Pre- and on-treatment biopsies for correlative studies are mandatory. The primary objectives are to assess the safety and tolerability of the focal RT combined with the immune checkpoint inhibitor, durvalumab (D), as defined by dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs), and to define the maximum tolerated RT dose and treatment schedule. The secondary objectives are to evaluate the clinical activity of focal RT and D [RECIST (v 1.1), GCIG CA-125, and immune-related response criteria], progression free survival and overall survival. D 1500 mg delivered intravenously every 28 days = one cycle. RT to the 2 selected target lesions is delivered 24-36 hours prior to the infusion of D. The RT starting dose-level is 24Gy (in 4 fractions) per lesion (given Days -1, 1 and 28 of Cycle 1 and Day 1 of Cycle 2). A 3+3+3 design will permit more extensive exploration of toxicity if DLTs are observed (Table). Investigator assessed DLTs are defined by CTCAE v. 4.03 and include the following: any grade ≥3 adverse event suspected to be related to D or RT (necrosis or recall reactions at previously irradiated sites, RT induced bowel perforation, any unexpected grade 3 or greater toxicity at the site of RT), any grade ≥2 allergic or autoimmune event that involves vital organ function, and any other grade 3 allergic or autoimmune events that do not resolve to grade 1 before the next scheduled dose of D. Treatment may continue up to 12 months. Enrollment began August 2018. To date, no DLTs have been observed at dose level 1 (n= 3) and enrollment is ongoing. Clinical trial information: NCT03283943. [Table: see text]
- Published
- 2019
43. Corrigendum to 'Caspase-independent cell death by allicin in human epithelial carcinoma cells: involvement of PKA.'[Canc. Lett. (2005) 224 (1) 123–32]
- Author
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Sook-Young Park, Suhkneung Pyo, Seong-Jun Cho, Hak-chul Kwon, Kang-Ro Lee, and Dong-Kwon Rhee
- Subjects
Cancer Research ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Oncology ,Allicin ,chemistry ,Epithelial carcinoma ,Cancer research ,Caspase-independent cell death - Published
- 2019
44. Bilateral malignant mixed serous adenocarcinoma and malignant transitional cell carcinoma of the ovaries: An extremely rare neoplasm
- Author
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Mustafa Sari, Esra Ozhamam, Ertugrul Sen, Cemal Resat Atalay, and Ozhan Ozdemir
- Subjects
Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,endocrine system diseases ,Malignant Transitional Cell ,business.industry ,Epithelial carcinoma ,Case Report ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Carcinoma ,medicine ,Ovarian carcinomas ,Neoplasm ,Serous adenocarcinoma ,Mixed carcinoma ,business - Abstract
Mixed epithelial ovarian carcinomas are extremely rare and comprise less than 4% of all malignant ovarian tumors. We report a 61-year-old postmenopausal woman with bilateral adnexal masses. In the postoperative histopathological evaluation, mixed epithelial carcinoma with areas of disseminated serous adenocarcinoma and less prevalent areas of malignant transitional cell carcinoma was observed. Up-to-date, there have been only two cases with mixed serous adenocarcinoma and malignant transitional cell carcinoma reported in the English literature, and our case is the first case with bilateral tumors.
- Published
- 2015
45. Anticancer and Related Immunomodulatory Effects of Insamyangyoung-tang on Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma, NCI-H520, Xenograft Mice
- Author
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Jong-Dae Kim, Kwang-Kyu Song, and Min-A Kwak
- Subjects
Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Lung ,genetic structures ,business.industry ,Epithelial carcinoma ,Cell ,Carcinoma ,medicine ,Non small cell ,medicine.disease ,business - Abstract
Objectives : The object of this study was to observe anticancer and related immunomodulatory effects of Insamyangyoung-tang extracts (ISYYTe) on non-small cell lung carcinoma (squamous epithelial carcinoma), NCI-H520, xenograft Balb/c nu-nu nude mice.
- Published
- 2013
46. Lympho-Epithelial Carcinoma of the Orbit
- Author
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Sarah El-Abbassi, Noureddine Benjaafar, Kebdani Tayeb, and Asmae Touil
- Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Epithelial carcinoma ,medicine.disease ,Open access publishing ,Visual Disturbance ,Biopsy ,medicine ,Carcinoma ,Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health ,Radiology ,Orbit (control theory) ,business - Abstract
In our hospital, a one patient had 75 years old male and from Morocco was referred for us for realized the exophthalmia, conjunctival hyperhemia and visual disturbance. The biopsy was revealed a lympho-epithelial carcinoma; the patient has received a chemoradiation therapy. the clinical response was complete.
- Published
- 2016
47. The Mammary Gland Microenvironment Directs Progenitor Cell FateIn Vivo
- Author
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Karen M. Bussard and Gilbert H. Smith
- Subjects
Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,lcsh:Cytology ,Somatic cell ,Epithelial carcinoma ,Mammary gland ,Cell ,Myoepithelial cell ,Review Article ,Cell Biology ,Biology ,Epithelium ,Cell biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,In vivo ,medicine ,lcsh:QH573-671 ,Progenitor cell - Abstract
The mammary gland is a unique organ that continually undergoes postnatal developmental changes. In mice, the mammary gland is formed via signals from terminal end buds, which direct ductal growth and elongation. Intriguingly, it is likely that the entire cellular repertoire of the mammary gland is formed from a single antecedent cell. Furthermore, in order to produce progeny of varied lineages (e.g., luminal and myoepithelial cells), signals from the local tissue microenvironment influence mammary stem/progenitor cell fate. Data have shown that cells from the mammary gland microenvironment reprogram adult somatic cells from other organs (testes, nerve) into cells that produce milk and express mammary epithelial cell proteins. Similar results were found for human tumorigenic epithelial carcinoma cells. Presently, it is unclear how the deterministic power of the mammary gland microenvironment controls epithelial cell fate. Regardless, signals generated by the microenvironment have a profound influence on progenitor cell differentiationin vivo.
- Published
- 2011
48. Ovarian carcinoma pathology and genetics: recent advances
- Author
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C. Blake Gilks and Jaime Prat
- Subjects
Ovarian Neoplasms ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,endocrine system diseases ,Molecular pathology ,Epithelial carcinoma ,Carcinoma ,Cancer ,Anatomical pathology ,Biology ,medicine.disease ,Immunohistochemistry ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Patient management ,Diagnosis, Differential ,Serous fluid ,Genetic Techniques ,Ovarian carcinoma ,medicine ,Humans ,Female ,Ovarian cancer - Abstract
In this review we summarize recent advances in the histopathological diagnostic criteria and molecular pathology of the main subtypes of ovarian surface epithelial carcinoma. These advances have greatly improved our understanding of the biology of ovarian carcinoma and are also relevant to patient management. With progress toward subtype-specific treatment of ovarian carcinoma, accurate, reproducible histopathological diagnosis of these subtypes by practicing pathologists is increasingly important.
- Published
- 2009
49. Expression of HMGB1 protein in human cervical squamous epithelium carcinoma
- Author
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Xin Fu, Quan Hao, and Xiao Qin Du
- Subjects
Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Epithelial carcinoma ,chemical and pharmacologic phenomena ,Biology ,HMGB1 ,medicine.disease ,Epithelium ,Metastasis ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,High-mobility group ,Western blot ,medicine ,biology.protein ,Carcinoma ,Immunohistochemistry ,Earth-Surface Processes - Abstract
Objective To investigate the expression of the high mobility group box1(HMGB1) in human cervical squamous epithelial carcinoma (CSEC) and to explore the relationship of HMGB1 expression to the differentiation degree, size, invasion and metastasis of CSEC.
- Published
- 2008
50. Early diagnosis of oral cancer based on the surface plasmon resonance of gold nanoparticles
- Author
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Kah, James Chen Yong, Kho, Kiang Wei, Lee, Caroline Guat Leng, Richard, Colin James, Sheppard, Shen, Ze Xiang, Soo, Khee Chee, and Olivo, Malini Carolene
- Subjects
reflectance imaging ,oral cancer ,Surface Plasmon Resonance ,confocal microscopy ,Cell Line, Tumor ,coupled surface plasmon resonance ,surface enhanced Raman scattering ,epithelial carcinoma ,Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ,Gold nanoparticles ,Humans ,Nanoparticles ,Mouth Neoplasms ,Gold ,epidermal growth factor receptor ,Saliva ,Original Research - Abstract
The high mortality rate in cancer such as oral squamous cell carcinoma is commonly attributed to the difficulties in detecting the disease at an early treatable stage. In this study, we exploited the ability of gold nanoparticles to undergo coupled surface plasmon resonance and set up strong electric fields when closely-spaced to improve the molecular contrast signal in reflectance-based imaging and also to enhance the Raman signal of bioanalytes in cancer. Colloidal gold nanoparticles were synthesized and conjugated to anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) for imaging. A self-assembled surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-active gold nanoparticle monolayer film was also developed as a biosensing surface using a simple drop-dry approach. We have shown that gold nanoparticles could elicit an optical contrast to discriminate between cancerous and normal cells and their conjugation with antibodies allowed them to map the expression of relevant biomarkers for molecular imaging under confocal reflectance microscopy. We have also shown that the SERS spectra of saliva from the closely-packed gold nanoparticles films was differentiable between those acquired from normal individuals and oral cancer patients, thus showing promise of a simple SERS-based saliva assay for early diagnosis of oral cancer.
- Published
- 2007
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