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Apert syndrome is an inherited condition with autosomal dominant transmission. It is also known as acrocephalosyndactyly type I, being characterized by a syndrome of craniosynostosis with abnormal head shape, facial anomalies (median hypoplasia), and limb deformities (syndactyly, rhizomelic shortening). The association can suspect the prenatal diagnosis of these types of anomalies. The methodology consisted of revising the literature, by searching the PubMed/Medline database in which 27 articles were selected and analyzed, comprising 32 cases regarding the prenatal diagnosis of Apert syndrome. A series of ultrasound parameters, the anatomopathological abnormalities found, the obstetric results, and the genetic tests were followed. The distribution of imaging results (US, MRI) identified in the analyzed cases was as follows: skull-shaped abnormalities were evident in 96.8% of cases, facial abnormalities (hypertelorism 43.7%, midface hypoplasia 25%, proptosis 21.8%), syndactyly in 87.5%, and cardiovascular abnormalities in 9.3%. The anomalies detected by the ultrasound examination of the fetus were confirmed postnatally by clinical or gross evaluation or imaging. The management of these cases requires an early diagnosis, an evaluation of the severity of the cases, and appropriate parental counseling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim of the study: Dentists frequently recommend panoramic radiographs (PR). Facial divergence is an indicator of the growth pattern, in relation to bite force and possible evolution of the VDO (vertical dimension of occlusion) over time. Materials and methods: Our study compared the measurement of the Frankfurt-mandibular plane angle (FMA) on the panoramic x-rays with the angle value measured on the profile tele-radiographs (lateral cephalograms). We have considered possible positioning errors caused by different head tilts while taking the PR. Results: Radiographs taken in disocclusion increased the determined FMA value by approximately 2° (2.28°). Conclusions: Even with some acceptable patient's head tiltings and small positional asymmetries, the FMA measurements on the panoramic radiographs could be considered reliable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The case of a 69-years-old patient with flared anterior teeth (bi-pro-alveolar position with loose of contact points) secondary to periodontitis, was resolved by combining alveolar maxillary preservation with orthodontic treatment to correct the alveolar axes of the mandibular incisors. All mandibular teeth were finally removed but the implants could be placed in the correct antero-posterior tilt axes. The temporary maxillary prosthesis was a removable one under conditions of a thin gingival biotype. The final result meant the correction of the profile and a good preservation of the minimally keratinized gingiva around implants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dental extraction is followed by decreases in alveolar volume, vertically and horizontally. This retrospective study measured vertical alveolar resorption after insertion of immediate implants, using OPG, without CBCT or additional radiographs. Patients were randomly split in two groups A (57 implants) and B (47 implants). Measurements were made by two independent observers. The types of implants were: Exacta (Biaggini Medical Devices), Nova, Dentix Millenium and Surcam. The method was based on the size of the implant and another common element of the two radiographs. It used an optimal radiologic exposure. It can be generalized to other studies. Similar results measured in the two groups showed that alveolar remodeling does not depend on the type of the implant. Half of the alveoli did not have any resorption. Another quarter showed barely perceptible clinical resorption (1-2 mm). In the last quarter were registered all the notable resorptions that were associated with various factors (temporary mobile prosthesis, surgical flap, medication and some health problems, smoking etc.) showing real situations, not ideal conditions. Maximum resorption was unique (7.63 mm). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the degree of mineralization as well of the chemical composition at the interface of failed dental implants with surrounding bone. Material and methods. The analysis was performed on human histological samples by the aid of a scanning electron microscope and an energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (ESEM-EDX). Results. The middle and the apical region of the implant surfaces had higher quantity of bone tissue deposition. A higher degree of mineralization was observed in these two regions as well. Conclusion. From the analysis performed by the aid of scanning electron microscopy, it appears that the bone tissue deposition is better represented in the middle and apical region of the implants [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Sinus floor elevation is considered a safe procedure to properly augment the height of the edentulous crest. Often, complications may arise due to multiple causes and can lead to a poor outcome of the graft and implant’s osseointegration. A careful surgical approach, a good knowledge of possible obstacles, and careful treatment planning can reduce the risks of complications, as well as their impact on the surgical outcome. This study aims to make a literature review of 40 articles, analyzing the incidence and type of complications related to maxillary sinus graft surgeries and graft materials. Material and methods. A total of 40 articles published between 2015 and 2021 were selected for a systematic literature review on maxillary sinus floor complications. The studies were selected from 2 different internet databases: PubMed and Science Direct. The sinus lift complications were counted and their incidence was organized upon the surgical technique and the timing of occurrence (intraoperative, postoperative). It was also analyzed if the graft material influences the complication rate. Results. In a group of 1757 sinus augmentation surgeries performed on 1605 patients, 363 complications were found. Sinus membrane perforation occurred in 242 cases, 29 procedures resulted in partial or total graft loss, there were 26 postoperative cases of sinusitis, 24 sinus infections, 16 wound dehiscence, 6 bleeding complications, 5 lost implants, and 2 oro-antral fistulas. Conclusion. Sinus lift complications are sometimes inherent circumstances of the procedures, but they can also be prevented through an accurate technique and preoperative plan. The type of bone graft does not influence the incidence of surgical complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At menopause, a woman's body undergoes radical hormonal changes, which predisposes to damage of the oral cavity. The onset of menopause is a series of morpho functional physiological adaptive changes with systemic and oral action in women. Oral health is closely related to dental hygiene, a major concern in menopause. The addressability of women to dental services tends to increase due to perimenopausal changes that occur in the gums and teeth and the oral microbiome. These changes have a hormonal substrate that significantly influences the evolution of oral health. The purpose of this review is to understand the occurrence and evolution of oro-dental complications in menopause and the systematization of therapeutic regimens. The PubMed and Web Of Science databases searched identified approximately 21 eligible articles. Periodontal damage is the most common, followed by dryness and burning sensation in the mouth. The role of hormone replacement therapy is controversial in terms of prophylaxis or the obvious therapeutic aspect of menopausal women with oral symptoms. The lack of extensive research, at least for the time being, does not establish clear therapeutic protocols to resolve these dental conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fluoride represents an essential element in dental development and safety. Fluoride deficiency is associated with dental cavities. The main dietary source of fluoride is in water, followed by fluoridated toothpaste, tea, seafood, canned sardines or shells as well as medicinal supplements. The adequate intake ranges from 0.7 mg/day for toddlers, to 3 mg/day for adult females and 4 mg/day for adult males. The fluoride intake can present a difficulty in assessment, especially during pregnancy, so the question remains: is fluoride supplementation recommended during pregnancy to prevent dental cavities in the offspring? The correct answer is ‘No’. Fluoride supplementation during pregnancy does not reduce the incidence of caries in offspring. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) does not recommend fluoride supplementation due to its action mechanism; fluoride has beneficial effects only after the tooth eruption takes place through a topical mechanism. Fluorosis (fluoride toxicity) in offspring has not been described secondary to excessive ingestion of fluoride of the mother during pregnancy, but there are studies correlating neurotoxic effects in the infants from mothers who received fluoride supplementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this report is to describe the lichen planus on the oral mucosa in the bullous variant of the disease. It is often misdiagnosed with other mucosa disorders (allergies, bullous dermatosis). A 37-year-old-female patient presented for oral mucosa painful lesions of 3 months duration. A microscopic examination of the lesional areas was consistent with the diagnosis of oral lichen planus and direct immunofluorescence confirmed it. This case showed that although a rare condition the variant of bullous lichen planus can be encountered in daily clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]