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Copyright of RumeliDE Journal of Language & Literature Research / RumeliDE Dil ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of RumeliDE Uluslararasi Hakemli Dil & Edebiyat Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of AURUM: Journal of Social Sciences / Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of Altinbas Universitesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

منابع آب کارستیک، در کنار اهمیت و نقش بسزایی که در تأمین منابع آبی دارند، پتانسیل آسیب­پذیری بالایی نیز دارند که همین امر سبب شده است تا این منابع همیشه در معرض آلودگی باشند. با توجه به اهمیت موضوع، در این تحقیق به شناسایی مناطق آسیب­پذیر در حوضه آبریز روانسر پرداخته شده است. داده­های تحقیق شامل نقشه­های توپوگرافی ۱:۵۰۰۰۰، نقشه زمین­شناسی ۱:۱۰۰۰۰۰، مدل رقومی ارتفاعی ۱۰ متر و لایه­های رقومی مربوط به سازمان­های مختلف مانند لایه خاک است. روش کار به این صورت است که پس از جمع­آوری داده­ها و اطلاعات موردنیاز،‌ با استفاده از ۲ روش COP و EPIK، مناطق آسیب­پذیر در برابر آلودگی شناسایی شده و سپس نتایج حاصله مقایسه و ارزیابی شده است. بررسی نتایج به دست آمده از طریق دو روش COP و EPIK بیانگر این است که حوضه روانسر پتانسیل آسیب­پذیری بالایی دارد،‌ به‌طوری‌که بر اساس نتایج هر دو روش، بخش­های زیادی از منطقه در معرض آسیب­پذیری قرار دارد. در روش COP ۸/۲۷ درصد از منطقه دارای پتانسیل آسیب­پذیری خیلی زیادی است و در روش EPIK نیز ۵/۲۹ درصد از منطقه دارای پتانسیل آسیب­پذیری زیادی است. همچنین از نظر توزیع مکانی آسیب­پذیری نیز بر اساس نتایج به دست آمده از هر دو روش، مناطق شمالی دارای بالاترین پتانسیل آسیب­پذیری و مناطق جنوبی دارای کم­ترین پتانسیل آسیب­پذیری است.

In addition to their importance and role in providing water resources, karstic water resources also have a high potential for vulnerability, which is why these resources are always exposed to pollution. Given the importance of the issue, this study identifies vulnerable areas in Ravansar basin. The research data includes 1:50,000 topographic maps, 1:100,000 geological maps, a 10-meter-high digital model, and digital layers from various organizations like soil layer. After collecting the required data, using COP and EPIK methods, the areas vulnerable to contamination were identified and then the results were compared and evaluated. The results estimated by COP and EPIK methods showed that Ravansar basin has a high potential for vulnerability, so that based on the results of both methods, many parts of the region are vulnerable. Based on COP method, 27.8% of the area has a very high vulnerability potential, and based on EPIK method, 29.5% of the region has a high vulnerability potential. Moreover, in terms of spatial distribution of vulnerabilities, based on the results obtained from both methods, the northern regions have the highest vulnerability potential and the southern regions have the lowest vulnerability potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the uncertainty associated with two commonly used GIS-based groundwater vulnerability models, DRASTIC and EPIK, in assessing seawater intrusion, a growing threat along coastal urban areas due to overexploitation of groundwater resources. For this purpose, concentrations of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) in groundwater samples at three pilot areas along the Eastern Mediterranean were compared with mapped vulnerability predictions obtained through DRASTIC and EPIK. While field measurements demonstrated high levels of groundwater salinity depending on the density of urbanization, both vulnerability assessment methods exhibited a limited ability in capturing saltwater intrusion dynamics. In the three pilot areas, DRASTIC was only able to predict correctly between 8.3 and 55.6% of the salinity-based water quality ranges, while EPIK's predictions ranged between 11.7 and 77.8%. This emphasizing that conventional vulnerability models perform poorly when anthropogenic impacts induce lateral flow processes such as seawater intrusion caused primarily by vertical groundwater extraction.

IntroductionRecent laminar-fMRI studies have substantially improved understanding of the evoked cortical responses in multiple sub-systems; in contrast, the laminar component of resting-state networks spread over the whole brain has been less studied due to technical limitations. Animal research strongly suggests that the supragranular layers of the cortex play a critical role in maintaining communication within the default mode network (DMN); however, whether this is true in this and other human cortical networks remains unclear.MethodsHere, we used EPIK, which offers unprecedented coverage at sub-millimeter resolution, to investigate cortical broad resting-state dynamics with depth specificity in healthy volunteers.ResultsOur results suggest that human DMN connectivity is primarily supported by intermediate and superficial layers of the cortex, and furthermore, the preferred cortical depth used for communication can vary from one network to another. In addition, the laminar connectivity profile of some networks showed a tendency to change upon engagement in a motor task. In line with these connectivity changes, we observed that the amplitude of the low-frequency-fluctuations (ALFF), as well as the regional homogeneity (ReHo), exhibited a different laminar slope when subjects were either performing a task or were in a resting state (less variation among laminae, i.e., lower slope, during task performance compared to rest).DiscussionThe identification of varied laminar profiles concerning network connectivity, ALFF, and ReHo, observed across two brain states (task vs. rest) has major implications for the characterization of network-related diseases and suggests the potential diagnostic value of laminar fMRI in psychiatric disorders, e.g., to differentiate the cortical dynamics associated with disease stages linked, or not linked, to behavioral changes. The evaluation of laminar-fMRI across the brain encompasses computational challenges; nonetheless, it enables the investigation of a new dimension of the human neocortex, which may be key to understanding neurological disorders from a novel perspective.

This work represents a contribution to the protection techniques of karst aquifers against groundwater pollution. The paper sets out the methodology being introduced for the protection of the karstic system that gives rise to five (5) major groups of springs and supplies fourteen (14) pumping wells near Agyia Chania (Crete, Greece). Starting from a geological and hydrogeological survey of the area, the work presents a vulnerability assessment of the karstic aquifer based on the application of three index-based methods (EPIK, PRESK and DRISTPI). The protection zones for the discharge area of the aquifer were delineated through an integrated geomorphological approach and groundwater flow modeling. At first, the risk of polluting substances migration from ground surface to groundwater was considered based on the spatial distribution of vulnerability. Following this, the vulnerability was evaluated in the saturated zone, where the attenuation mechanisms of contaminants were reducing due to the raised flow velocity. The groundwater flow and contaminant transport processes was considered using the MODFLOW code. Next, the data from the vulnerability mapping and the groundwater flow simulation were merged into an integrated assessment to delimit the protection zones for the water abstraction points. The vulnerability assessment outlines zones of high vulnerability in the SE part of the area, far away from the discharge zone of the aquifer and the water abstraction points. These zones are associated with an intensive infiltration process via carbonate formations. Protection Zone I was delineated 20 m around the water abstraction points, and it should be excluded from any anthropogenic activity. Protection Zone II coves part of the very high and high vulnerability zones defined by the DRISTPI method (located upwards of the water abstraction points), as well as an area downwards of springs and wells, where the flow path lines which demonstrate the subsurface travelling time of 50 days are projected to the ground surface. Protection Zone III extends outside Zone Ι and Zone ΙΙ, up to the limits of the hydrogeological or hydrological basin, whichever is larger. It includes the entire capture zone (i.e., the surface and underground catchment area) that feeds the water abstraction points. In this manner the protection zones include the entire contributing area to water abstraction points, not just the ground surface recharge zone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Groundwater in a hard rock formation is most endangered at places where a potential source can discharge contaminants that can reach the saturated zone of an aquifer. In these circumstances, an essential tool for groundwater protection is the contamination risk map. This map is based on the integration of two maps: a hazards map, i.e., map of potential sources of contamination and a vulnerability map. The selection of a proper vulnerability method is an important task since the resulting vulnerability map can significantly impact the final risk of contamination map. The most appropriate method for groundwater vulnerability assessment was considered in the case study of Tara National park, in Western Serbia. The four commonly used methods were applied to assess the intrinsic vulnerability maps: DRASTIC, EPIK, PI and COP. All the applied methods resulted in different vulnerability maps in assessing the degree of vulnerability, consequently influencing the groundwater contamination risk maps. The applied research presents an example of how contamination risk should be assessed in a specific area. Comparison of the results obtained for the area of Tara National Park indicates the preference of the PI method as a well-balanced method, taking into account all the specifics of the study area. A detailed analysis of the assessed risks in the catchments of the existing sources was also conducted to indicate probable sources of contamination and confirm the degree of accuracy of the created vulnerability and risk maps. The conducted research emphasizes the necessity to adopt a clear conceptual hydrogeological model and to apply several methods simultaneously to determine the optimal one for each individual area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been used in numerous studies to map networks in the brain that employ spatially disparate regions. However, attempts to map networks with high spatial resolution have been hampered by conflicting technical demands and associated problems. Results from recent fMRI studies have shown that spatial resolution remains around 0.7 × 0.7 × 0.7 mm3, with only partial brain coverage. Therefore, this work aims to present a novel fMRI technique that was developed based on echo‐planar‐imaging with keyhole (EPIK) combined with repetition‐time‐external (TR‐external) EPI phase correction. Each technique has been previously shown to be effective in enhancing the spatial resolution of fMRI, and in this work, the combination of the two techniques into TR‐external EPIK provided a nominal spatial resolution of 0.51 × 0.51 × 1.00 mm3 (0.26 mm3 voxel) with whole‐cerebrum coverage. Here, the feasibility of using half‐millimetre in‐plane TR‐external EPIK for resting‐state fMRI was validated using 13 healthy subjects and the corresponding reproducible mapping of resting‐state networks was demonstrated. Furthermore, TR‐external EPIK enabled the identification of various resting‐state networks distributed throughout the brain from a single fMRI session, with mapping fidelity onto the grey matter at 7T. The high‐resolution functional image further revealed mesoscale anatomical structures, such as small cerebral vessels and the internal granular layer of the cortex within the postcentral gyrus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conservation of the karst water resources is important in their management owing to the high vulnerability and responsiveness they show to contamination. Hence, vulnerability assessment for the groundwater resources can be a rather favorable and cost-effective way to identify the regions that are susceptible to contamination. This study aims to estimate the vulnerability of the Khoryn karst aquifer, Iran, to the propagation of contamination using the COP and EPIK models. Employing the COP model, 37.89%, 26.84%, 13.95%, and 21.32% of the study region were labeled as very low, low, moderately, and highly vulnerable, respectively. On the other hand, 23.38%, 14.56%, 35.31%, and 26.75% of the study area were similarly tagged under the same metric according to the results of the EPIK model. The areas labeled as low vulnerable corresponded to the regions without karst as well as the plains located within the outer parts of the mountains. The areas with the highest vulnerability coincided in both model maps. These highly vulnerable regions are thick-bedded Bisetun lime inscriptions with a low-density vegetation cover and the highest amount of precipitation. These regions normally lack soil and mainly include carbonate outcrops. According to the results, the feeding basins of Marab, Mir ahmad and Bi abr springs are expected to be more vulnerable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the conceivable rationales as to why Korean students' English-speaking proficiency scores are not as outstanding as other international standardized test scores such as the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) and the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA). Despite the efforts of the Korean government to impose compulsory English education policies such as starting English education earlier and arranging for native English speakers to co-teach in English classes, the English knowledge of Koreans is still lacking. Without knowing the details of the English Program in Korea (EPIK) and the curriculum of English education, the Ministry of Education's (MOE) strategies may sound ideal in terms of effective language pedagogical approach, yet in this article I examine why they are ineffective. I begin by analyzing the results of three tests: PISA, TIMSS, and the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) to assess Korean students' scholastic aptitudes. Next, I examine the current stage of compulsory English education in Korea according to the data from the MOE. Finally, prospects and recommendations are proposed on how the Korean compulsory English education could be improved based on the discovery of three critical drawbacks: insufficient instructional time, eligibility of EPIK, and the need for teacher evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cengiz Han ve Lenin biyografileriyle tanınan İngiliz gazeteci, romancı ve tarihçi Ralph Winston Fox (1900-1936) görece kısa bir ömre çok sayıda kitap, deneme ve makale sığdırmış üretken bir yazardır. Yazarın ölümünden sonra 1937’de yayımlanan Roman ve Halk (The Novel and the People), Ferit Burak Aydar’ın İngilizceden çevirisiyle Ayrıntı Yayınları tarafından Ekim 2019’da yayımlandı. Fox 12 bölümden oluşan çalışmasında, roman türünün tarih boyunca geçirdiği zorunlu değişimleri İngiliz romanı bağlamında ele alır. 128 sayfadan oluşan kitabın girişinde yazar romanın, matbaayla yaygınlaşan bir medeniyet yaratısı olduğunu vurgular. Fox’a göre burjuva bireyin epiği olan roman, kapitalizmin dünyaya sunduğu en önemli yaratıcı kültürel hediyedir. Epikteki toplumsal bütünselliğin aksine roman, bireyi ve onun kaderi ve yaşantısıyla sınırlı olan mücadelesini ele alır. Yazara göre roman, insan ile toplum arasındaki dengenin kaybolduğu, bireyin başkalarıyla ve doğayla daimi bir mücadele içine girdiği kapitalist bir toplumda gelişebilir. Roman ve Halk, sanat ve hayat arasındaki bağlantıyı oldukça akıcı bir dille mesele edinen kıymetli bir çalışma. Yazarın sosyalist gerçekçi sanat anlayışının gelişimi ve sorunları hakkındaki fikirleri, Türk edebiyatındaki toplumcu-gerçekçi roman geleneğine dair yeni çalışmalara ilham verebilecek türdendir.

Advanced perfusion‐weighted imaging (PWI) methods that combine gradient echo (GE) and spin echo (SE) data are important tools for the study of brain tumours. In PWI, single‐shot, EPI‐based methods have been widely used due to their relatively high imaging speed. However, when used with increasing spatial resolution, single‐shot EPI methods often show limitations in whole‐brain coverage for multi‐contrast applications. To overcome this limitation, this work employs a new version of EPI with keyhole (EPIK) to provide five echoes: two with GEs, two with mixed GESE and one with SE; the sequence is termed "GESE‐EPIK." The performance of GESE‐EPIK is evaluated against its nearest relative, EPI, in terms of the temporal signal‐to‐noise ratio (tSNR). Here, data from brain tumour patients were acquired using a hybrid 3T MR‐BrainPET scanner. GESE‐EPIK resulted in reduced susceptibility artefacts, shorter TEs for the five echoes and increased brain coverage when compared to EPI. Moreover, compared to EPI, EPIK achieved a comparable tSNR for the first and second echoes and significantly higher tSNR for other echoes. A new method to obtain multi‐echo GE and SE data with shorter TEs and increased brain coverage is demonstrated. As proposed here, the workflow can be shortened and the integration of multimodal clinical MR‐PET studies can be facilitated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Book of Dede Qorqut is a collection of twelve stories set in the heroic age of the Oghuz Turks. A nomadic tribe who had journeyed westwards through Central Asia from the ninth century onwards. This book is accepted as one of the basic written sources because it contains information on various fields of Turkish culture. It is seen that it contains some hidden values of Turkish cultural memory, when Dede Qorqut were examined. In Turkey, between 1916- 2015 more than 1638 scientific, popular and artistic Works including theses, articles and books on the Book of Dede Qorqut were published. In this work, the production and publishing process of the popular publications of The Book of Dede Qorqut was studied within a period of a 100 years. Based on the imprint information of 456 popular publications were chosen with the exemplification method, main criterion of “book-writer-reader-target audience”, analyzing them in terms of quality and quantity, the effects of these elements on the production and the publication of the works were studied. The research of this work, consists of The National Library catalogs and some biographical publications published in Turkey. It was studied with an interdisciplinary approach, and quantification levels (scales) of statistics and the methods of statistical data were used. As a result, the reasons and motives of which were effective in popular publications on The Book of Dede Qorqut was published in Turkey and determined and indicated.

The present study investigated newly recruited native-speaking teachers of the English Program in Korea (EPIK) with a focus on their individual characteristics, their perceptions on second language (L2) learning and teaching processes, and their teaching experience as a variable (novice vs. expert) in their understanding of language learning and teaching processes. A questionnaire was given to 244 EPIK teachers. Analysis of the self-reported data revealed that EPIK teachers were mostly in their 20s who were recruited from six inner-circle countries with teaching certificates. Results also demonstrated the importance of a teacher’s teaching experience, where subsequent mean-difference models of novice and expert teachers revealed significant differences in their understanding of L2 learning and teaching processes. Findings showed that teachers with experience had beliefs aligned with the best teaching practices. These findings open discussions about the necessity of adequate subsequent support for native-speaking teachers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of RumeliDE Journal of Language & Literature Research / RumeliDE Dil ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of RumeliDE Uluslararasi Hakemli Dil & Edebiyat Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Scientific workflows integrate data and computing interfaces as configurable, semi-automatic graphs to solve a scientific problem. Kepler is such a software system for designing, executing, reusing, evolving, archiving and sharing scientific workflows. Electron tomography (ET) enables high-resolution views of complex cellular structures, such as cytoskeletons, organelles, viruses and chromosomes. Imaging investigations produce large datasets. For instance, in Electron Tomography, the size of a 16 fold image tilt series is about 65 Gigabytes with each projection image including 4096 by 4096 pixels. When we use serial sections or montage technique for large field ET, the dataset will be even larger. For higher resolution images with multiple tilt series, the data size may be in terabyte range. Demands of mass data processing and complex algorithms require the integration of diverse codes into flexible software structures. This paper describes a workflow for Electron Tomography Programs in Kepler (EPiK). This EPiK workflow embeds the tracking process of IMOD, and realizes the main algorithms including filtered backprojection (FBP) from TxBR and iterative reconstruction methods. We have tested the three dimensional (3D) reconstruction process using EPiK on ET data. EPiK can be a potential toolkit for biology researchers with the advantage of logical viewing, easy handling, convenient sharing and future extensibility.

For a long time, Homer and his epics, Ilyada and Odysseia, were at the center of his research on verbal and written culture. These researches have been able to hide or transfer the texts of the voluminous oral epic of Smyrna Homer and the image of Smyrna, which is believed to be a known carrier of the wise knowledge of Gentiles, "If it was written by transmitters, can a Homer or many Homers be mentioned?" "Does memory have a Divine design capable of transmitting voluminous texts?", "Does Homer really exist or did he live?" etc. It is about solving a few major problems. Considering that epics are created as a result of a transfer, "how this is accomplished" is a problematic that needs to be solved. In the study, these problems are the Iliad and Odysseia epics, which were created in Anatolia, later moved to Athens, and updated by the performers and printers, the Kalevala epic, which had a profound effect on the understanding of the Finnish nation's culture, language, history, art and nationalism, was common in Turkish cultural ecology. It was explored on an exemplary version of the Köroğlu epic, which is narrative and created dozens of branches in a wide geography; it is aimed to reach some conclusions about these problematic including transfer attitudes, places and forms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epics are one of the most important works of all nations. Because epics are among the works that transfer the memories of nations and source their ideas and art in their lives. Epic epopes are also crucial in performing these functions. Epics that can be written in poetic, poetic-prosaic or prosaic are generally longstanding narratives and are shaped around the theme of heroism. Nonetheless, the epics form around the adventures of a main hero and sometimes describe his extraordinary adventures. Such an understanding exists in the Turkish epope tradition as well. The Kuvayi Milliye epic of Nazım Hikmet can be assessed in this context as well. Because Nazım Hikmet created Kuvayi Milliye in a frame close to the epic tradition in general. However, there are important differences that push Nazım Hikmet out of this tradition. For example, Nazım Hikmet did not set up the epic around a single hero, but rather centered the Turkish peasant and built the epic around him. In this study, Nazım Hikmet's Kuvayi Milliye epic is investigated and its connections with the epic epope tradition are determined. The fiction of the epic, the characters in the epic and finally the language and style features of the epic were determined and the connections of all these features with the epic epope tradition were revealed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Selçuk University Journal of Faculty of Letters is the property of Selcuk Universitesi Edebiyat Fakultesi Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Karst terrains appear on all continents and karst aquifers produce drinking water for more than 9% of the world's population while being the most vulnerable to contamination. One of the main challenges in the management of a water supply that depends on groundwater is the possibility of the pollution of the karst aquifer which is usually open toward the surface and is highly permeable. Various environmental problems found in karstic areas demand a completely unconventional approach for this particular environment. To achieve and maintain high-quality groundwater that can be used for a public water supply, an effective prevention program must be designed and implemented. The process of determining the sanitary protection zones (SPZ) has been relying on new technologies, especially the use of a geographic information system (GIS) environment. An assortment of groundwater vulnerability assessment methods has been developed in the GIS environment, as a necessary basis for implementing preventive measures. Suva Planina Mountain is one of the greatest and the highest karst massifs in South-East Serbia. Almost all known karst features are present, and several karst springs exist at the foothill of the mountain. The largest springs have been captured for the water supply. The catchment areas of the springs are not populated and there is no industry, besides grazing and forestry; nevertheless, some limits for human impact must be enacted. This paper is an attempt at using the GIS-overlay spatial modeling technique for groundwater vulnerability assessment of Suva Planina Mountain. Maps of intrinsic vulnerability have been designed by the application of three multi-parameter methods for vulnerability mapping (EPIK, PI, COP). The maps that have been designed for Suva Planina Mountain show the existence of four classes of vulnerability, though in somewhat different arrangements and distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Monograf is the property of Monograf and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Folklor / Edebiyat is the property of Cyprus International University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Echo planar imaging (EPI) is one of the methods of choice in dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI (DSC-MRI) because it provides a sufficient temporal resolution. However, the relatively long readout duration of EPI often imposes limitations on increased spatial coverage or the use of multiple contrasts.Purpose: To develop a DSC-MRI method using EPIK (EPI with keyhole) to provide dual-contrast (TE1 and TE2 ) information with a higher spatial coverage than EPI. To compare results from the community-standard EPI method and the proposed EPIK method.Study Type: Prospective.Subjects: One healthy subject and 17 brain tumor patients.Field Strength/sequence: 3 T/accelerated EPI and dual-contrast EPIK sequences.Assessment: After an initial evaluation using healthy in vivo images, the use of the proposed method for DSC-MRI was verified with brain tumor patients. The parametric images (eg, CBF and CBV) and arterial input function (AIF), obtained from both the EPI and EPIK, were compared.Statistical Tests: The ratio of AIF peak height of the proposed method to that of EPI was computed. The ratio computation was also performed for the time-to-peak (TTP) in the AIF curves. From the obtained CBF and CBV maps, the tumor-to-brain (TBR) ratio was also calculated for each imaging method and the results were compared.Results: For the same temporal resolution (1.5 sec), EPIK yielded dual-contrast (TEs of 13/33 msec) with an increased spatial coverage (24 slices) and less geometric distortions than EPI; EPI provided single contrast (TE of 32 msec) with 20 slices. The obtained parametric values (eg, AIF peak, TTP, and TBR) had similar characteristics between EPI and the proposed method.Data Conclusion: The dual-contrast data produced by EPIK in DSC-MRI allowed T1 -corrected parametric images without the need of second contrast injection and an enhanced estimation of the AIF.Level Of Evidence: 1 Technical Efficacy: Stage 1 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:628-640. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This study examines the uncertainty associated with two commonly used GIS-based groundwater vulnerability models, DRASTIC and EPIK , in assessing seawater intrusion, a growing threat along coastal urban areas due to overexploitation of groundwater resources. For this purpose, concentrations of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) in groundwater samples at three pilot areas along the Eastern Mediterranean were compared with mapped vulnerability predictions obtained through DRASTIC and EPIK. While field measurements demonstrated high levels of groundwater salinity depending on the density of urbanization, both vulnerability assessment methods exhibited a limited ability in capturing saltwater intrusion dynamics. In the three pilot areas, DRASTIC was only able to predict correctly between 8.3 and 55.6% of the salinity-based water quality ranges, while EPIK's predictions ranged between 11.7 and 77.8%. This emphasizing that conventional vulnerability models perform poorly when anthropogenic impacts induce lateral flow processes such as seawater intrusion caused primarily by vertical groundwater extraction. Graphical abstract Unlabelled Image Highlights • Seawater intrusion (SWI) in coastal aquifers due to groundwater overexploitation • Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment (GVA) and GIS models used to assess SWI. • GVA models exhibited weak correlations with indicator measurements of SWI. • GVA models have limited abilities in reflecting water quality patterns after SWI. • GVA models can benefit from adding parameters on lateral contaminants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seawater intrusion has become a growing threat in coastal urban cities due to overexploitation of groundwater. This study examines the accuracy of the commonly used geospatial quality assessment models (GQA) and groundwater vulnerability assessment models (GVA) in determining the extent of seawater intrusion in urban coastal aquifers. For that purpose, interpolation methods (kriging, IDW and co-kriging) and vulnerability assessment models (DRASTIC, EPIK) were compared using groundwater salinity criteria (TDS, Cl−) collected at three pilot areas along the eastern Mediterranean (Beirut, Tripoli, Jal el Dib). The results showed that while the GIS-based interpolation methods and the vulnerability assessment models captured elements of the groundwater quality deterioration, both had a limited ability to accurately delineate saltwater intrusion. This emphasizes that while interpolation methods and conventional vulnerability models may give general information about groundwater quality, they fail to capture the status of the aquifer at a finer spatial resolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amid surging population and industrial growth, there is a need to assess the vulnerability of groundwater to pollution. In this study, the case of Xingshan County in South China where karst groundwater is a major water source is presented. Field survey revealed hazardous landuse practices in highly karstified areas. To delineate areas of high vulnerability, an intrinsic vulnerability map (IVM) was created based on the EPIK (Epikarst, Protective cover, Infiltration condition, Karst network) method. Results show that 10.1, 25.8, 58.7 and 5.3% of the area are of low, medium, high and very high vulnerability. Although IVMs are powerful tools since they highlight areas of high "intrinsic" susceptibility to pollution, they do not answer the important question, "what sources are at immediate risk." With this limitation, tracer technique was coupled with IVM to establish a link to resources/sources. Rhodamine and uranine were injected into two sinkholes in high vulnerability zones near hazardous activities. Both were detected 57.3 and 5.65 h after injection at a major spring (Bailongquan). This established link validates the IVM and highlights specific sources at risk. This study demonstrates the need to couple IVMs with tracer test in order to prioritize areas to probe in order to determine the extent of their impact by establishing active karstic groundwater flow paths. The case here is an example of source/resource vulnerability assessment, hazard/risk assessment and validation of an IVM. Our findings present a cost-effective approach to vulnerability assessment by emphasizing the reliability of EPIK method as it requires less data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the subversion of the epic and medieval romance tradition through the elements of grotesque realism in William Shakespeare's Troilus and Cressida. The play exposes chivalric values, courtly love, and romance values as invalid forms in the new age that is defined in more mercantile terms. Shakespeare shows the absurdity and hypocrisy of the concept of honor and courtly love ideals of the medieval culture through the fool and the go-between, Thersites and Pandarus, who can be interpreted as elements of grotesque realism of medieval folk culture as Bakhtin describes. For Bakhtin, this festive, carnivalesque spirit is crucial in the emergence of the Renaissance, a new culture with its own set of values and literary forms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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"Das schreckliche Grauen" soll der Horrorfilm heißen, den eine Gruppe aus Ulm verwirklichen möchte. Statt der filmischen Umsetzung finden Sitzungen über die eigenen Ängste und Wanderungen durch die freie Wildbahn statt. Roman Ehrlich verwebt in seinem aktuellen Roman "Die fürchterlichen Tage des schrecklichen Grauens" Perspektiven der Angst, des Schrecklichen, des Alltags, der Realität sowie der Fiktion miteinander.

The karst geosystems functioning frequently implies very quick mass and energy transfers, which make them highly sensitive to any natural or anthropogenic disturbance. Therefore, the groundwater resources, threatened by agricultural and industrial pollution, should be carefully exploited, taking into account the intrinsic vulnerability of the region

The Mehedinţi Plateau represents an area highly marked by the intensity of the karst processes and by the diversity of the exokarst and endokarst features. The analyzed area includes two parallel limestone bars, developed on the Carpathian structures direction (NNE-SSW). In addition to the results obtained following the EPIK method protocol, we bring forward data concerning the water quality, performing hydrogeochemical analyses on water samples collected from the main sources in the region

Karst aquifers represent an important source of drinking water supply, therefore their vulnerability analysis in regions affected by human interventions is needed. Vulnerability assessment mapping, establishes an adequate framework on the karst aquifers catchment areas extension. The present study emphasizes the significant role of lithology, structure and epikarst, on the one hand, infiltration conditions, soil and quaternary deposits (karst protective cover), on the other hand, in groundwater vulnerability assessment of a typical karst area, located in the Mehedinţi Mountains

This paper presents groundwater vulnerability mapping for Jerash area, north Jordan generated using EPIK and DRAS-TIC models. These models have been implemented using GIS to delineate groundwater protection zones and to suggest a protection plan to improve groundwater quality of the major springs and wells. Most of the groundwater resources in the study area are polluted and bacteria and nitrate levels are high. Different sources of groundwater pollution have been identified. Domestic wastewater is considered as a major source of pollution. Urban runoff, fertilizers from agricultural return flows and solid waste disposal appear to be secondary sources. The most relevant vulnerability class of EPIK map is very high which accounts for about 41% of the total area. While in the DRASTIC vulnerability map, areas with high vulnerability were only about 23 % of the total area. There is a good correlation between vulnerability maps obtained from both models with microbiological and chemical pollution evidences. There is also a good agreement between the areas classified as “highly vulnerable” and those that have high levels of pollution.

Copyright of Black Sea / Karadeniz is the property of Black Sea / Karadeniz and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Qatar is one of the most arid countries in the world with limited water resources. With little rainfall and no surface water, groundwater is the only natural source of fresh water in the country. Whilst the country relies mainly on desalination of seawater to secure water supply, groundwater has extensively been used for irrigation over the last three decades, which caused adverse environmental impact. Vulnerability assessment is a widely used tool for groundwater protection and land-use management. Aquifers in Qatar are carbonate with lots of fractures, depressions and cavities. Karst aquifers are generally more vulnerable to contamination than other aquifers as any anthropogenic-sourced contaminant, especially above a highly fractured zone, can infiltrate quickly into the aquifer and spread over a wide area. The vulnerability assessment method presented in this study is based on two approaches: DRASTIC and EPIK, within the framework of Geographical Information System (GIS). Results of this study show that DRASTIC vulnerability method suits Qatar hydrogeological settings more than EPIK. The produced vulnerability map using DRASTIC shows coastal and karst areas have the highest vulnerability class. The southern part of the country is located in the low vulnerability class due to occurrence of shale formation within aquifer media, which averts downward movement of contaminants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Faculty of Letters / Edebiyat Fakultesi Dergisi is the property of Hacettepe University Faculty of Letters and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Groundwater vulnerability maps were constructed for the surface water catchment area of Tanour and Rasoun spring (north-west of Jordan) using the COP and EPIK intrinsic groundwater vulnerability assessment methods. Tanour and Rasoun springs are the main water resources for domestic purposes within the study area. A detailed geological survey was carried out, and data of lithology, karst features, precipitation, vegetation and soil cover, etc. were gathered from various sources for the catchment area in order to determine the required parameters for each method. ArcGIS software was used for map preparation. In the resulting COP vulnerability map, spatial distribution of groundwater vulnerability is as follows: (1) high (37%), (2) moderate (34.8%), (3) low (20.1%), and (4) very low (8.1%). In the EPIK vulnerability map, only two out of four vulnerability classes characterize the catchment area: very high vulnerable areas (38.4%) and moderately vulnerable areas (61.6%). Due to limited soil thickness, the low vulnerability class is absent within the catchment. The high percentage of very high to moderately vulnerable areas displayed by both the COP and EPIK vulnerability assessment methods are reflected by different pollution events in Tanour and Rasoun karst springs especially during the winter season. The high sensitivity of the aquifer to pollution can be explained by different factors such as: thin or absent soil cover, the high development of the epikarst and karst network, and the lithology and confining conditions of the aquifer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the benefits of team teaching, it poses significant challenges to the role of local English teachers. Teacher roles, one of such challenges by investigating interactive teacher talk comparing team teaching against solo baseline teaching of the English program in Korea (EPIK) was investigated via this paper. More specifically, instructional language (Korean/English), question types, instructional registers (regulative/ instructional/feedback), and interactive feedback was addressed. The method employed was sampling three sets of team teaching and solo teaching of the same language skills and lessons using the same English textbook in the same area of elementary schools for an appropriate comparison. Their entire teacher talks of the lessons were recorded and transcribed. The transcription of two sets of data was compared by different categories of teacher talk. The analysis results show that native English assistant teachers (NEATs) are more alike to solo Korean teachers of English while Korean teachers of English in team teaching play assisting and mediating roles between NEATs and students. The currently observed role change between NEATs and Korean teachers requires serious attention since the national curriculum is designed for Korean teachers of English to play major roles in teaching English classes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Academic Journal of Philosophy / Felsefi Düşün is the property of Pinhan Yayincilik and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El estudio de vulnerabilidad de aguas subterráneas en la región de Yerash, Jordania fue obtenido mediante las metodologías de EPIK y DRASTIC. Se usó GIS para mapear las zonas protegidas y para sugerir un plan de protección para mejorar la calidad del agua subterránea en los principales manantiales y pozos. Los niveles de contaminación bacteriana y de nitratos son elevados. El efluente doméstico es la fuente más importante de contaminación; vienen en segundo lugar la precipitación en zonas urbanas, los fertilizantes agrícolas y los desechos sólidos. En el mapa de EPIK, la vulnerabilidad extrema abarca hasta 41% del área total; en cambio, en el mapa de DRASTIC las áreas de alta vulnerabilidad ocupan solo un 23% del área. La correlación de los datos de contaminación microbiana y química con ambos mapas der vulnerabilidad es buena. Asimismo se observa que concuerdan las áreas señaladas como "altamente vulnerables" con las de alto nivel de contaminación. doi: https://doi.org/10.22201/igeof.00167169p.2008.47.2.70