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Mexico faces deep inequalities: the richest 10% concentrate 57.4% of the country's income and 78.7% of its wealth, while the poorest 50% have access to barely 9.2% of the income and lack significant wealth. Social inequality and poverty are closely linked. While inequality is not the only cause of poverty, it plays a significant role in perpetuating it. Addressing social inequality is essential to effectively combat poverty and build more equitable and fair societies. The infant mortality rate (IMR) is a key indicator, strongly influenced by structural factors such as poverty, which reflects avoidable, unnecessary and premature deaths, which can be prevented through individual and collective actions. The relationship between poverty and child health is well recognized, as poverty is associated with the worst outcomes in child health, particularly in infant mortality. In 2020, the distribution of infant mortality among the Mexican states was remarkably heterogeneous, with rates ranging from 6.1 to 20.5 deaths per 1,000 births. The Pearson correlation coefficient between the IMR and the percentage of people living in extreme poverty (r = 0.550), educational gap (r = 0.530), lack of access to health services (r = 0.547); and people with 3 or more social deficiencies (r = 0.520) was high and statistically significant; but the IMR is also moderately associated with poverty (r = 0.494) and lack of social security (r = 0.494). The nine entities with high or very high rates of infant mortality and extreme poverty were Chiapas, Guerrero, Mexico, Michoacán, Puebla, Oaxaca, Tabasco, Tlaxcala, and Yucatán. Although Mexico has managed to reduce its infant mortality rate, it is still much higher than the average for Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries. To further reducing this rate, it is necessary to address poverty reduction, expand access to essential health services, improve prenatal and postnatal care, and strengthen preventive services, such as vaccination. A special program involving all health institutions and with adequate resources is required. It is crucial to prioritize actions in the nine most affected Mexican states. It is unacceptable that, in 2020, infant mortality in Oaxaca was more than three times higher than Nayarit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS) is a common, but understudied, chronic inflammatory skin disease in Colombia. This study analyzes the severity of symptoms, sociodemographic factors, and quality of life in 90 patients with HS. Materials and Methods: This is a multicenter, observational, and cross-sectional study conducted in 8 dermatology centers in Colombia. Results: 23.3% of patients were in Hurley stage I, 42.2% in stage II, and 34.4% in stage III. Obesity was the most common comorbidity (38.9%). The average time from the onset of symptoms to diagnosis was 64.6 months, and to the start of treatment was 1.7 months. Regarding quality of life, a statistically significant difference was found in the DLQI with respect to the Hurley severity index (p-value = 0.0056), in the utility index with respect to the Hurley severity index (p-value = 0.011), and in the EQ-5D-5L visual analog scale (EQ-5D-5L-VAS; p-value = 0.001). Conclusions: These findings underscore the need for early diagnosis and treatment for patients with HS in Colombia, and provide a valuable basis for enhancing physicians' understanding of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to describe the incidence rates per 100 000 population of foodborne disease (FBD) cases during the period 2015-2020 in Ecuador, we carried out a secondary analysis of epidemiological surveillance records and population projections from the National Institute of Statistics and Census. A total of 113,695 cases were reported with an incidence of more than 100 cases per 100 000 population (2015-2019). In 2020, the records are considerably lower than those reported in previous years. Most cases were reported as "other food poisoning". The highest incidence rates of FBD were found in the Amazon region. In general, there is a marked annual variability in the incidence of FBD according to the geographic regions of Ecuador. In con- clusion, FBD represent a public health problem in Ecuador. Comprehensive preventive strategies should be designed with special emphasis on the Amazon region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leprosy is an infectious disease transmitted by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae. While it's not a new disease, its incidence over time has changed, and in some places, it has been eradicated. However, in other areas, it is still considered a public health problem, and Mexico is one of them. Throughout global history, diagnostic, therapeutic, prevention, control, and surveillance strategies have been implemented to reduce its incidence. Currently, our country is attached to various national and international programs for managing this disease, aiming to reduce its prevalence and eventually eradicate it. Nevertheless, many socioeconomic factors have hindered the complete achievement of these goals, which have been modified but not entirely eliminated. The purpose of this review was to conduct a retrospective analysis of leprosy management in Mexico, aiming to present the current situation to raise awareness of the potential seriousness of this disease becoming a public health priority again. This review also seeks to promote new research to identify the cause of the recent increase in cases over the past year. It includes a historical breakdown of the epidemiological trends of this disease in the country, as well as the various therapeutic and diagnostic measures and their impact in the current context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: pain is defined as «an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with or resembling that associated with actual or potential tissue damage». It suggested that chronic pain in Latin America has regional differences. Characteristics of chronic pain in Mexican adults have been poorly documented. Material and methods: we use a researcher-administered in-person questionnaire that was applied to Mexican adults at urban areas from six major cities of six Mexican States (6 of 32, 19%). Results: researchers interviewed 1,755 subjects. 1,505 questionnaires contained complete data. 286 persons reported pain in one or more anatomical sites that persisted for over three months (19% of the responders). Conclusion: this is the first survey on chronic pain in Mexican adults from urban areas. We need a robust sample to estimate the impact of chronic pain in Mexico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVES: To determine the incidence of acute kidney injury during the first 7 days post-orthotopic liver transplantation and to identify factors associated with acute kidney injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective, single-center analysis was conducted from 2018 to 2023, including patients undergoing liver transplantation. Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative variables were analyzed. Variables were evaluated in three multivariate linear regression models. A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: A total of 45 patients were included from which 19 manifested acute kidney injury according to KDIGO criteria. In the preoperative univariate analysis, BUN, urea, MELD-Na score, intraoperative hypotension, time at Intensive Care Unit, and intrahospital stay days (6 vs 9) were statistically significantly associated with acute kidney injury. In the multivariate analysis, only preoperative MELD-Na score, intraoperative hypotension, and time at Intensive Care Unit remained statistically significantly associated with the development of acute kidney injury after orthotopic liver transplantation. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of acute kidney injury after orthotopic liver transplantation was lower than previously reported in Mexico and in international studies. Similarly, the main factors associated with acute kidney injury after orthotopic liver transplantation were preoperative MELD-Na score, intraoperative hypotension, and time at intensive therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Family Medicine Forum / Forum Medycyny Rodzinnej is the property of VM Medica-VM Group (Via Medica) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Enfermería Investiga: Investigaciin, Vinculación, Docencia y Gestiin is the property of Revista Enfermeria Investiga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Immunology Quaterly / Immunológia Szemle is the property of Medicina Konyvkiado Zrt. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction and objectives: To estimate the frequency of patients with diagnoses associated with life-limiting conditions (LLCs) or complex chronic conditions (CCCs). Methods: Retrospective mixed population-based and hospital-based cohort study. Study universe consisted of the population aged less than 18 years of an autonomous community in Spain in the 2001–2021 period; the cases were patients admitted to hospital with a diagnosis associated with LLC or CCC during this period. We estimated age-adjusted annual prevalences and analysed changes in trends using joinpoint regression. Results: The prevalence of LLCs increased significantly from 20.7 per 10 000 inhabitants under 18 years in 2001 to 51.3 per 10 000 in 2019. There was also a significant increase in CCCs from 39.9 per 10 000 in 2001 to 54.4 per 10 000 in 2019. The prevalence of patients with any of these conditions rose from 45 per 10 000 in 2001 to 86.8 per 10 000 in 2019; 30.3% of these patients had conditions of both types. There was a turning point in this increasing trend between 2019 and 2020, coinciding with the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions: The prevalence of patients requiring specialized care has increased progressively in the last 20 years, similar to what has happened in other countries. The magnitude of the affected population must be taken into account when planning specialized paediatric palliative care and complex chronic care services. Resumen: Introducción y objetivos: Estimar la frecuencia de pacientes con diagnósticos asociados a condiciones limitantes para la vida (CLV) o condiciones crónicas complejas (CCC). Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de cohortes de base mixta poblacional-hospitalaria. La población de estudio fue la población menor de 18 años de una comunidad autónoma española desde 2001 a 2021. Los casos fueron los pacientes con algún ingreso hospitalario con algún diagnóstico asociado a CLV o CCC. Estimamos las prevalencias anuales ajustadas por edad y los cambios de tendencia mediante regresión de Joinpoint. Resultados: La prevalencia de CLV ascendió de forma significativa desde un 20,7 por 10 000 en 2001 hasta un 51,3 por 10 000 en 2019. Para CCC también ha tenido lugar un aumento significativo desde un 39,9 por 10 000 en 2001 a un 54,4 por 10 000 en 2019. Las prevalencias de pacientes con alguna de estas condiciones ascendieron desde un 45 por 10 000 en 2001 hasta un 86,8 por 10 000 en 2019; un 30,3% de pacientes tenían ambas condiciones. Se produjo un punto de inflexión en esa tendencia creciente entre 2019 y 2020, coincidiendo con la pandemia COVID-19. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de pacientes subsidiarios de precisar cuidados especiales ha ascendido progresivamente en los últimos 20 años, de forma similar a como ha ocurrido en otros países. La magnitud de la población afectada ha de ser tenida en cuenta para la planificación de servicios especializados pediátricos de cuidados paliativos y crónicos complejos.

Background: Recent years have seen considerable changes in the prevention and treatment of acute ischaemic stroke in adult patients. However, the low incidence of paediatric stroke makes the development of specific guidelines more challenging. This study aims to clarify the situation of these children in our region in order to establish a regional protocol to improve the care provided to these patients. Methods: We performed a regional incidence study of pediatric stroke (≤ 15 years of age) in Aragon, Spain (1 308 728 population, 15% aged ≤ 15 years) between 2008 and 2019. Data were obtained from hospital discharge records, including deaths, from the regional health service of Aragón, according to ICD codes for cerebrovascular disease. We analysed demographic, clinical, diagnostic/therapeutic, and prognostic variables. Results: A total of 21 events were recorded: 8 ischaemic (38.1%) and 13 haemorrhagic strokes (61.9%). The mean age (SD) was 9.3 years (1.0). The sample included 12 boys and nine girls. No statistically significant differences were found between ischaemic and haemorrhagic strokes, except in the chief complaint (language and motor impairment in ischaemic stroke and headache in haemorrhagic stroke). None of the patients with ischaemic stroke received reperfusion therapies. Including the 3 patients who died during hospitalisation, eight patients (42.1%) had modified Rankin Scale scores > 2 at 12 months. Motor deficits were the most common sequela (n = 9). Conclusion: Though infrequent, paediatric stroke has an important functional impact. In Spain, Madrid was the first region to adapt the existing code stroke care networks for adult patients. In Aragon, this review has enabled us to work closely with the different stakeholders to offer a care plan for acute paediatric ischaemic stroke. Nevertheless, prospective national registries would be valuable to continue improving the care provided to these patients. Resumen: Introducción: En los últimos años se han producido importantes cambios en la prevención y tratamiento del ictus isquémico agudo en el adulto. Sin embargo, la baja incidencia en edades pediátricas hace más difícil desarrollar protocolos y guías de asistencia específicas. Este trabajo busca conocer la situación de estos niños en nuestra región, con el objetivo de establecer un protocolo autonómico que mejore la atención a estos pacientes. Métodos: Estudio de incidencia de base hospitalaria del ictus infantil (≤ 15 años de edad) en Aragón (1.308.728 habitantes, 15% ≤ 15 años), desde 2008 a 2019. Los datos se extrajeron de los episodios de alta hospitalaria, incluidas las defunciones, del Servicio Aragonés de Salud, de acuerdo a los códigos de la Codificación Internacional de Enfermedades (CIE) definidos para enfermedad cerebrovascular. Se analizaron aspectos demográficos, clínicos, diagnóstico-terapéuticos y de pronóstico. Resultados: Se recogieron un total de 21 eventos, ocho isquémicos (38,1%) y 13 hemorrágicos (61,9%). La media de edad fue 9,3 años (desviación típica 1,0). Hubo 12 hombres y nueve mujeres. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativitas entre ictus isquémicos y hemorrágicos, salvo por el síntoma guía (déficit motor o del lenguaje en isquémicos, y cefalea en hemorrágicos). Ninguno de los eventos isquémicos recibió terapias de reperfusión. Incluyendo los tres pacientes que fallecieron durante el ingreso, ocho (42,1%) tenían una puntuación en la escala modificada de Rankin (mRS) > 2 a los 12 meses. El déficit motor fue la secuela más común (n = 9). Conclusiones: El ictus infantil, aunque infrecuente, supone una importante limitación funcional. En España, Madrid fue pionera en adaptar las redes de asistencia existentes del Código Ictus en el adulto. En el caso de Aragón, esta revisión nos ha permitido trabajar de cerca con los diferentes actores implicados, para poder ofrecer un plan autonómico de atención al ictus isquémico infantil. Sin embargo, registros nacionales prospectivos ayudarían a avanzar en la atención a estos niños.

This study determined the frequency of positive tests for bovine tuberculosis in animals and breeders/establishments in Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Data were provided by the Instituto de Defesa e Inspeção Agropecuária do Rio Grande do Norte (IDIARN), from its Unidade Local de Sanidade Animal e Vegetal (ULSAV'S), acquired in monthly reports issued by qualified Veterinarians under the National Program for the Control and Eradication of Brucellosis and Animal Tuberculosis (PNCEBT), from June 2012 to December 2021. For diagnosis, the comparative cervical test was used as a routine and confirmatory test. A total of 45,804 cattle were tested, 53 (0.1%) of which tested positive. Secondary data are essential in the evaluation of sanitary measures, allowing rapid generation of hypotheses about diseases and providing support for decision-making. Measures such as raising awareness among producers, sanitary control in the acquisition and sale of cows for reproduction, inspection of sanitary barriers, and conducting epidemiological surveys to understand the actual situation of this disease in the state of Rio Grande do Norte are crucial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El desarrollo de la salud pública en América Latina durante el siglo XX combinó, desde el principio, el marco de la medicina social sobre los orígenes sociales, políticos y ambientales de la enfermedad con los aportes del trabajo de campo de la antropología médica. A pesar de la hegemonía del modelo médico, el surgimiento del marco de la medicina preventiva legitimó aún más la participación de los científicos sociales en el estudio de la multicausalidad de la enfermedad. Sin embargo, las limitaciones que trajo consigo la falta de contextualización histórica y política del modelo de la medicina preventiva dieron paso al movimiento latinoamericano de medicina social, basado en el materialismo histórico, y al desarrollo tanto de la epidemiología crítica como de la antropología médica crítica.

Objetivo. Descrever o padrão temporal e espacial e identificar os fatores associados a incidência de HIV/AIDS entre jovens no Brasil. Método. Estudo ecológico que incluiu jovens brasileiros de 15 a 24 anos notificados com HIV/AIDS de 2001 a 2021. Utilizou-se o método joinpoint para a análise temporal. Aglomerados espaciais foram detectados pelos métodos Bayesiano, autocorrelação espacial, Getis-Ord Gi* e Varredura Scan. Quatro modelos de regressão não espacial e espacial foram usados para identificar fatores associados ao desfecho. Todas as análises estatísticas consideraram p < 0,05. Resultados. No Brasil, a incidência média foi de 12,29 por 100 000 habitantes, com aumento de 7,3% ao ano no período 2007-2014 e posterior decréscimo de 3,4% em 2014-2021. Observou-se padrão Alto/Alto e hotspots, principalmente em municípios do Sul, Sudeste, Centro-Oeste e Norte. O cluster primário localizou-se em 572 municípios do Rio Grande do Sul e Santa Catarina e os maiores riscos relativos em Manaus (Amazonas) e Rondonópolis (Mato Grosso). A taxa de analfabetismo (β = -0,08), Índice de GINI (β = -3,74) e Cobertura da Estratégia de Saúde da Família (β = -0,70) apresentaram relação negativa com o desfecho. Em contrapartida, o Índice Firjan de Desenvolvimento Municipal (β = 2,37), o Índice de Vulnerabilidade Social (β = 6,30), o percentual de pessoas que recebem o Bolsa Família (β = 0,04) e renda per capita (β = 0,008) apresentaram associação positiva. Conclusão. Houve tendência de aumento da incidência de HIV/AIDS até 2014 com posterior declínio até 2021. Aglomerados de altas taxas concentraram-se, especialmente, em municípios das regiões Norte, Sul, Sudeste e Centro-Oeste. Indicadores de vulnerabilidade socioeconômica influenciam o desfecho positivamente ou negativamente, dependendo do território investigado.

Se reporta el caso de paciente masculino de 25 años de edad sin antecedentes patológicos conocidos, presentando sintomatología de un mes de evolución dado por aumento de volumen en dorso nasal con signos de flogosis sin salida de secreción acompañado de dolor local de moderada a fuerte intensidad que alivia a la ingesta de antiinflamatorios no esteroideos (AINES) motivo por el cual se valora y se decide su ingreso. Durante su estancia hospitalaria se realiza estudio anatomopatológico que reporta infección por leishmaniasis por lo que se indica terapia antimonial pentavalente a través de vía endovenosa y tópica con posterior remisión completa y cicatrización de herida por la que consulta inicialmente dicho paciente. Discusión: la Ulamida tópica a una concentración del 10% alcanza una efectividad en la resolución de la infección, compatible con los hallazgos del estudio Bullón et al. (2021) afirmando que el estudio por Granado et al. (2021) expone el uso de Glucantime en inyección intradérmica o IV 0,2-0,5 ml cada 3-7 días (hasta 5 sesiones) generando 91% de eficacia. Conclusión: el uso de Ulamina y Glucantime como tratamiento para la Leishmaniasis resulta efectivo (100%) dado su potencial antimonial pentavalente (SbV) en forma de antimoniato de meglumina la cual posee como principio activo. De la misma manera, su eficacia radica en su capacidad transdérmica o IV lo que resulta factible como tratamiento prolongado en pacientes con lesiones causadas por este microorganismo.

Introducción: La infección del sistema nervioso central por Treponema pallidum se denomina neurosífilis, y puede producirse en cualquier momento evolutivo, desde la primoinfección. La incidencia de la sífilis ha aumentado en los últimos años, de manera que en España actualmente existe una tasa de 13,29 casos por cada 100.000 habitantes, con un 88,7% de varones (1). Los pacientes habitualmente están asintomáticos, aunque pueden manifestarse con pérdidas de memoria, cambios de comportamiento, manía, depresión o psicosis. El diagnóstico y la evaluación de la respuesta al tratamiento precisan del estudio de las características del líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR), junto con los hallazgos clínicos y serológicos. El tratamiento de elección es la Penicilina G cristalina acuosa 18-24 millones UI/24 h intravenosa (i.v), con administración de 3-4 millones UI/4h o infusión continua i.v., durante 10-14 días. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión de los casos de neurosífilis diagnosticados en el Hospital Universitario de Salamanca entre 2004 y 2021. Además, realizamos una revisión sistemática mediante el método PRISMA 2020 de las series de neurosífilis publicadas en España desde 1990, para conocer las características clínico-epidemiológicas de las mismas. Resultados: En la revisión de casos que llevamos a cabo en el Hospital Universitario de Salamanca se analizaron un total de 34 pacientes diagnosticados de neurosífilis. El 85,3% eran hombres con una mediana de edad fue de 53 años. Además, el 50% presentaba coinfección con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana. La cefalea fue el síntoma más frecuente y el tratamiento empleado en la gran mayoría de los casos fue Penicilina G sódica, 24 millones de unidades durante 14 días. En cuanto a la revisión sistemática de las series de casos de neurosífilis publicadas en España, se analizaron un total de 121 casos, de los cuales un 92,4% de los pacientes eran hombres de entre 35 y 50 años. Además, un 87,1% de los sujetos eran hombres que mantenían sexo con hombres (HSH) y un 71,6% estaban infectados por VIH. El tratamiento empleado con mayor frecuencia en los pacientes fue la Penicilina G cristalina acuosa 18-24 millones U/día i.v. Discusión: La incidencia de la sífilis ha ido en aumento en los últimos años. Se observa un cambio en el patrón clínico, siendo cada vez más frecuentes las formas asintomáticas y tempranas respecto a las tardías. La mitad de los pacientes con sospecha de neurosífilis presenta positividad de VDRL en el líquido cefalorraquídeo, esta prueba está diseñada para detectar en el suero la presencia de reaginas, un grupo heterogéneo de anticuerpos formados por el huésped en la respuesta a material lipídico liberado por células lesionadas en el curso de la infección, así como lípidos de la superficie celular del treponema. El resto de los pacientes fueron diagnosticados por la clínica y por el examen de RPR (reagina plasmática rápida). El tratamiento empleado en estos pacientes coincide con el más habitual de las guías clínicas (Penicilina G cristalina acuosa 18-24 millones UI/24 h i.v).

Introduction: Crohn’s disease (CD) is a subtype of chronic and incurable inflammatory bowel disease. It can affect the entire gastrointestinal tract and its etiology is unknown. Objective: The aim of this consensus was to establish the most relevant aspects related to definitions, diagnosis, follow-up, medical treatment, and surgical treatment of Crohn’s disease in Mexico. Material and methods: Mexican specialists in the areas of gastroenterology and inflammatory bowel disease were summoned. The consensus was divided into five modules, with 69 statements. Applying the Delphi panel method, the pre-meeting questions were sent to the participants, to be edited and weighted. At the face-to-face meeting, all the selected articles were shown, underlining their level of clinical evidence; all the statements were discussed, and a final vote was carried out, determining the percentage of agreement for each statement. Results: The first Mexican consensus on Crohn’s disease was produced, in which recommendations for definitions, classifications, diagnostic aspects, follow-up, medical treatment, and surgical treatment were established. Conclusions: Updated recommendations are provided that focus on definitions, classifications, diagnostic criteria, follow-up, and guidelines for conventional medical treatment, biologic therapy, and small molecule treatment, as well as surgical management. Resumen: Antecedentes: La enfermedad de Crohn (EC) es un subtipo de la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal crónica e incurable que puede afectar a todo el tracto gastrointestinal y cuya etiología es desconocida. Objetivo: Establecer los aspectos más relevantes relacionados a las definiciones, diagnóstico, seguimiento, tratamiento médico y quirúrgico de la enfermedad de Crohn en nuestro país. Material y métodos: Se invitaron a especialistas de la República Mexicana de las áreas de Gastroenterología y Enfermedad Inflamatoria Intestinal. Se dividió el consenso en 5 módulos, con 69 enunciados. Se aplicó el método de panel Delphi, para ello se envió las preguntas previó a la reunión a todos los participantes para que fueran editadas y ponderadas. Durante la reunión presencial se mostraron los artículos seleccionados al nivel de evidencia clínica y se llevó a cabo la discusión y votación final del grado de acuerdo en todos los enunciados. Resultados: Es el primer consenso mexicano de la enfermedad de Crohn en donde se establecen las recomendaciones para las definiciones, clasificaciones, aspectos diagnósticos, seguimiento, tratamiento médico y quirúrgico. Conclusiones: Se dan recomendaciones actualizadas enfocadas a las definiciones, clasificaciones, los criterios diagnósticos, seguimiento y pautas del tratamiento médico convencional, biológico y moléculas pequeñas, así como el manejo quirúrgico.

Copyright of Hungarian Medical Journal / Orvosi Hetilap is the property of Akademiai Kiado and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Hungarian Medical Journal / Orvosi Hetilap is the property of Akademiai Kiado and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The glomerulus is the filtering unit of the kidney, and its malfunction is related to glomerulonephritis, characterized by high blood pressure, edema, decline in kidney function and presence of urinary proteins. In general, this syndrome does not have a predilection for sex or race, and it is important to study national data for epidemiological definition. To this end, we sought to analyze, in the database of the Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS), rates of hospitalizations and deaths due to Acute and Rapidly Progressive Nephritic Syndrome in Brazil, between January 2019 and December 2023. Synchronically, a search was carried out on the platforms "Scielo", "Pubmed" and "Up to date", which contributed to the theoretical framework. After a temporal study of hospitalizations and deaths, 19,489 hospitalizations and 125 deaths were observed in Brazil, with the highest rates in epidemiological determinants being: the Northeast region, male gender, mixed race and the most affected age group between 5 and 9 years for hospitalizations, and 60 to 69 years for deaths. Regarding the data presented, it can be inferred that it is crucial to reconsider the panorama of this syndrome, to guarantee an equitable distribution of health services and care, and thus improve actions in areas with the greatest determinants of the prevalence of this disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this research was to conduct an epidemiological survey of dental caries in patients treated at the teaching clinic of the São Francisco de Cajazeiras College, using the CPO-D index, and to compare the results with the latest national survey. This is a quantitative, retrospective, clinical, cross-sectional, and analytical observational study. Clinical records were collected between January 2018 and December 2023. The inclusion criteria were: patient-signed records, complete personal data, and complete odontogram. For CPOD calculations, the age groups included were 12 years; 15-19 years; 35-44 years; and 65-74 years. A total of 379 records were evaluated, and after applying the exclusion criteria, the final sample comprised 47 records (n=47). The results showed the following average CPO-D values for each age group: 12 years, CPO-D of 6 (n=1); 15-19 years, average CPO-D of 9.7 (n=12); 35-44 years, average CPO-D of 18.5 (n=33); and 65-74 years, average CPO-D of 28 (n=1). It was concluded that the CPO-D in patients treated at the dental school clinic in the hinterland of Paraíba is high for all age groups, surpassing the national average in all evaluated age groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was carried out to evaluate the dynamics of Diarrhea and Gastroenteritis of Presumed Infectious Origin (ICD A09) in the state of Maranhão using data from SIH/SUS in 2014-2023 through an ecological epidemiological approach. Our results show that hospitalizations are concentrated in children from early childhood to mid-second, but when approaching lethality, it shows a positive correlation with age and a significant increase after the age of 50. Regarding lethality, there were no statistically significant differences found between biological sexes, despite females exhibiting a greater number of hospitalizations. Regarding the nature of care, elective and emergency hospitalizations have no implication on the risk of lethality. Therefore, the findings so far attribute morbidity and mortality to the individual susceptibility of patients at the extremes of age (children and the elderly), which highlights the need for strategies to reinforce food security, especially for the most vulnerable ages. Findings of this nature emphasize the need for public policies in the territory of Maranhão to improve aspects of basic sanitation and food surveillance with the aim of reducing the occurrence of morbidity and mortality due to an essentially preventable pathology such as gastroenteritis of presumed infectious origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phytoregulators have been used as grapevine defoliants in cluster zones to manage and improve grape quality and production. The present study evaluated the effect of the phytoregulator ethephon on the grapevine defoliation of the cluster region, Botrytis bunch rot (BBR) epidemiology, and the viticultural performance of 'Cabernet Sauvignon', during the 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 growing seasons, in the highland region of the Santa Catarina State, Southern Brazil. Ethephon was applied in the bunch region of both sides of the grapevine vegetative canopy, at the phenological stage of beginning of ripening (BBCH-81) in five active ingredient doses (0 mg L-1 (control); 720 mg L-1; 1,440 mg L-1; 2,160 mg L-1; and 2,880 mg L-1), following a randomized block design with four replications and five plants per replication. The following parameters were evaluated: BBR epidemiology, vegetative, productive, and technological and phenolic maturation. The increasing ethephon doses significantly reduced the linear leaf drop and affected the technological and phenolic grape maturation parameters, improving the must pH, total polyphenols, color 420, 520, and 620 m, color intensity (°hue angle), and anthocyanin, and reducing the total solubre solids in the 'Cabernet Sauvignon' grapevine. However, this significant effect on the linear leaf drop and the technological and phenolic maturation parameters did not interfere with other vegetative, productive, and BBR epidemiology parameters evaluated in the edaphoclimatic conditions of the highland region of southern Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Summa, Animali da Reddito is the property of Point Veterinaire Italie s.r.l. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Española de Quimioterapia is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Española de Quimioterapia is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: studies that seek to identify and outline the vulnerability profile contribute to directing necessary interventions to be carried out in people with tuberculosis (TB) and HIV (acronym in English for human immunodeficiency virus) co-infection, to achieve the end of TB. Objective: to describe the profile of people with tuberculosis and HIV co-infection, from 2016 to 2018, in Espírito Santo, Brazil. Methods: this is a cross-sectional descriptive study, using secondary data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) for TB and HIV, through a methodological process of database preparation and descriptive data analysis, the information was encoded and stored anonymously in a database in Excel for Windows®; Afterwards, the STATA statistical package, version 16 (Stata Corp LP, College Station, TX, USA) was used to carry out descriptive analyses with identification of relative and absolute values, and tables were generated for data analysis. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Health Sciences Center of the Federal University of Espírito Santo (CEP/CCS/UFES) under opinion number 4022892 on 05/12/2020. Results: of a total of 4,428 cases, 325 cases were TB-HIV coinfection, 322 cases were located in the SINAN-TB database and three cases were located after linking with the SINAN-HIV database that presented a record of negative results for the diagnostic test of HIV in the SINAN-TB database. There was a profile with a predominance of men (71%), young people (20 to 39 years old) (52%), mixed race (59%), up to 8 years of schooling (25%), of which 29% reported alcohol consumption, 26% used illicit drugs, and 37% were smokers, who had the pulmonary form of the disease (66%), they reported adherence to antiretroviral therapy (65%) and only 44% had a cure outcome at closure and 20% stopped treatment; the majority of cases (61%) did not undergo directly observed treatment and only 6.9% of cases reported receiving assistance from the government’s income transfer program. Conclusion: in order to ensure greater coverage of tuberculosis control in PLHIV patients, it is necessary to expand the dialogue between health and social support policies; enable access to health services such as antiretroviral treatment for all people diagnosed with HIV, and timely directly observed treatment (DOT) for people who present this vulnerability profile. Carrying out new studies is essential to contribute to technological advancement and planning in health service actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Salud Uninorte is the property of Fundacion Universidad del Norte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Latinoamericana de Hipertension is the property of Revista Latinoamericana de Hipertension and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista ADM is the property of Asociacion Dental Mexicana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article examines the 1918-1920 excess mortality data from Spanish flu epidemic in Florence, Italy. Two local documentary sources (the statistical abstracts published by the town administration and the admission registers of the Florence main hospital) provide empirical evidence for a revision of the national mortality data. The Italian case-study shows a pronounced excess mortality among women, as it happened even in England and India. Specific social and epidemiological explanations are debated. The Spanish flu was not socially-neutral; it did not change the traditional nexus between economic poverty and sanitary vulnerability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Paramphistomosis, a parasitic condition caused by Calicophoron microbothrioides in domestic ruminants, has garnered limited attention among cattle breeders in the Cajamarca Valley, Peru. Despite its status as an endemic affliction with considerable risk, scant investigations have been conducted on this parasite within this region. Objective: This study aimed to assess the correlation between the population of adult parasites (referred to as "number of adult parasites" or NAP) in rumen and reticulum of naturally infected cows and the number of eggs per gram of feces (EPG). Methods: A sample of twenty-two cattle harboring adult parasites in their rumen and reticulum was selected for analysis. Fecal samples were collected from these animals to establish a correlation between NAP and EPG. Data analysis included linear regression, the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, and the nonparametric Mann-Whitney test. Results: The study revealed a remarkably strong and directly proportional association between the number of adult parasites in rumen and reticulum and the coproparazitologic EPG (r = 0.971). Conclusion: According to the linear model (NAP = 60.381 ± 3.37; EPG - 22.979) increasing EPG by one lead to an increase by 60 NAP in rumen and reticulum (p<0.01). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction and objective: In the pediatric age group, vertigo is a less common condition compared to adults, likely underreported in prevalence. The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of pediatric vertigo through literature review and meta-analysis. Method: Systematic searches were conducted in databases including PubMed, WoS, BVS, CARPHA, and EMBASE, following PRISMA guidelines. Epidemiological studies on vertigo in children aged 0 to 14 years were included. Bias risk was assessed using ROBINS-I scale. A qualitative analysis of vertigo causes from literature and a quantitative analysis of pediatric vertigo prevalence using SNS data up to April 2023 were performed. Statistical analysis and meta-analysis were conducted using JAMOVI, employing a 95% confidence interval and a randomeffects model. Results: Out of the 29 reviewed articles, 22 were analyzed, revealing a global prevalence of pediatric vertigo at 18.3% (95% CI: 5.1-31.5%). Diagnoses were categorized into three groups, with peripheral vertigo (66.74%) being prominent. Additionally, in Spain's SNS records, vertigo affected 0.72% of children under 14 years, with 4.77% of these cases belonging to the same age group. Discussion: Our study demonstrated that pediatric vertigo has a prevalence of 18.3%, with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) as the most frequent diagnosis. Although some studies show discrepancies in prevalence figures, our research emphasizes the complexity of diagnosing vertigo in children due to the diversity of etiologies. Conclusions: In our study, vertigo affects 18% of children under 14 years old, with peripheral vertigo being the main cause. Conditions like BPPV, Meniere's disease, and migraine are common. Due to study diversity, determining the exact prevalence is complex. These findings set a direction for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To identify the profile of users of a Basic Health Unit, the aspects of the technical dimension of access to speech-language pathology care, and to highlight significant factors for the time until care is provided. An observational, descriptive-analytical, longitudinal study and survival analysis based on the examination of 242 recorded services from 2012 to 2020. Among the cases, 77.7% were children up to 10 years old, 64.9% were boys, and 69.8% had complaints in the language area and were referred by a pediatrician (47.5%). Days elapsed until reception, referral source, age group, and complaint are significant for the time until service is provided. The results indicate the need to reinforce services for complaints of orofacial motor function alteration, language delay, phonological deviation, school difficulty/reading and writing, and stuttering. The presence of interns and a resident in speech-language pathology contributed to user access, enabling greater identification of demands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]